2027届高考英语一轮复习长难句练习-2025新高考I卷阅读长难句 讲义

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦2025新课标I卷阅读专项，覆盖科普说明文、记叙文等四大文体，整合状语从句、非谓语动词等核心语法及高考3500词体系，通过前置考情分析、长难句精析、专项练习的教学流程，帮助学生构建从语言识别到表达应用的能力闭环，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料以“长难句拆解-同义改写-句型仿写”训练闭环为特色，如精析动名词作主语等高频结构时同步设计应用文仿写任务，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。分层练习题适配一轮基础拔高需求，真题精析贴合高考命题趋势，助力学生高效突破阅读难点，为教师把控复习节奏提供实战指导。

2025新课标I卷英语阅读专项精讲讲义 本讲义适配高三一轮阅读专项突破，完整精析2025新课标I卷阅读A、B、C、D四篇真题。 一、前置导学：2025新课标I卷阅读命题考情 1.四大标准文体全覆盖：科普说明文（交通低碳燃料）、记叙文（教师写作教学感悟）、议论文（城市街道与机动车冲突）、科技说明文（自来水中微塑料治理），完全贴合新高考阅读选材趋势。 2.核心高频语法考点：让步/时间/原因状语从句、限制性/非限制性定语从句、宾语从句、非谓语动词（分词作定/状、不定式）、with复合结构、动名词作主语、被动语态、插入分隔结构、比较句式。 3.训练闭环设计：长难句拆解抓主干修饰 → 同义改写灵活变换句式 → 句型仿写迁移应用文/读后续写，层层递进贴合高考读写结合命题要求。 4.词汇体系：全部选自高考3500核心词、真题熟词生义，无超纲词汇，兼顾阅读识别与写作复用，难度适配高三一轮基础拔高。 2、 四篇阅读高阶长难句精析 Passage A 交通低碳燃料（科普说明文） 长难句1 Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO₂ emissions, 【as transportation accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions】. 翻译：全球范围内人员与货物运输产生了大量二氧化碳排放，交通运输行业的温室气体排放量约占能源相关总排放的四分之一。 1.主干：Moving goods and people is responsible for a large part of global CO₂ emissions 2.语法： ① 动名词短语Moving goods and people作句子主语，议论文高频高分句式； ② as引导原因状语从句，解释前文观点； ③ energy-related 复合形容词前置修饰greenhouse gas emissions。 3.词汇： ① be responsible for 造成，对……负责 ② account for 占（比例） ③ greenhouse gas emissions 温室气体排放 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句2 原句：The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around by every vehicle type. 1.主干：The fuels for transport need to be green, cheap, powerful, lightweight and safe 2.语法： ① not just...but also... 并列形容词作表语，高考高频并列结构； ② enough to be carried around 不定式被动结构作程度后置定语； ③ for transport 介词短语后置修饰主语fuels。 3.词汇： ① lightweight adj. 轻便的 ② vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆 ③ carry around 随身携带 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句3 One long-term sustainable fuel solution for planes is to produce synthetic hydrocarbons extracted from recycled air to cut aviation carbon output. 1.主干：One solution is to produce synthetic hydrocarbons 2.语法： ① to produce synthetic hydrocarbons 不定式作表语； ② extracted from recycled air 过去分词后置定语修饰hydrocarbons； ③ to cut aviation carbon output 不定式作目的状语。 3.词汇： ① synthetic hydrocarbons 合成碳氢化合物 ② sustainable adj. 可持续的 ③ aviation n. 航空业 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句4 Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, yet the cost of producing green hydrogen remains extremely high for mass application. 1.主干：Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice, yet the cost remains high 2.语法： ① than引导比较状语，构成同级比较变形； ② for trucks / for mass application 两处介词短语后置分层修饰； ③ yet并列连词表转折，连接两个独立分句。 3.词汇： ① fuel cell 燃料电池 ② mass application 大规模应用 ③ hydrogen n. 氢气 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage B 写作教学感悟（记叙文） 长难句1 More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, 【who'd created these vivid fictional characters】, could grasp their inner feelings so accurately. 1.主干：I found myself wondering how my students could grasp their inner feelings 2.语法： ① who引导非限制性定语从句分隔主语students与谓语，经典长难干扰结构； ② wondering后嵌套how引导宾语从句； ③ more than once 介词短语作句首评注性状语。 3.词汇： ① fictional character 虚构人物 ② accurately adv. 精准地 ③ grasp v. 理解，捕捉 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句2 They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, yet writing itself simply failed to strike them as an important skill worth learning. 1.主干：They could have written pages, yet writing failed to strike them as an important skill 2.语法： ① could have done 虚拟语气，表示“本可以做（实际未做）”； ② worth learning 形容词短语后置修饰skill； ③ strike sb. as sth. 固定句式作宾语补足语。 3.词汇： ① necessity n. 必要性 ② strike sb. as… 给某人留下……印象 ③ skill worth learning 值得学习的技能 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句3 For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required two core rules for every passage. 1.主干：I only required two core rules 2.语法： ① a personal-narrative unit… 同位语插入，解释前文two assignments； ② followed by a creative-writing workshop 过去分词后置定语修饰unit； ③ for every passage 介词短语后置修饰rules。 3.词汇： ① personal narrative 个人叙事文 ② creative writing 创意写作 ③ assignment n. 作业，写作任务 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句4 【When the final bell rang in June】, I walked away with a clear understanding of writing’s most powerful value: it connects people and lets us experience the lives of others. 1.主干：I walked away with a clear understanding 2.语法： ① when引导时间状语从句置于句首； ② of writing’s most powerful value 介词短语后置修饰understanding； ③ 冒号后并列分句作同位语，解释value具体内容。 3.词汇： ① powerful value 强大价值 ② connect v. 联结，沟通 ③ experience v. 体验 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage C 城市街道改造（议论文） 长难句1 Many parents refuse to let their kids walk to school on foot due to heavy traffic, so they drive children to campus instead, reducing children’s daily walking activity sharply. 1.主干：Many parents refuse to let kids walk to school, so they drive children to campus 2.语法： ① due to heavy traffic 介词短语作原因状语； ② reducing…现在分词作结果状语，表前文行为带来的后果； ③ let sb. do 不带to不定式作宾语补足语。 3.词汇： ① heavy traffic 车流拥堵 ② sharply adv. 急剧地 ③ daily walking activity 日常步行活动 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句2 In their new book Movement, two Dutch scholars call for society to rethink the design of city streets and the essential role 【streets play in people’s daily lives】. 1.主干：Two Dutch scholars call for society to rethink the design and the essential role 2.语法： ① In their new book Movement 地点状语前置； ② streets play 省略that的限制性定语从句修饰role； ③ to rethink…不定式复合结构作call for的宾语补足语。 3.词汇： ① call for 呼吁 ② essential role 核心作用 ③ rethink v. 重新思考，重新规划 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句3 Jane Jacobs called on the mayor to protect local parks, arguing that cities should be comfortable living spaces rather than roads only for fast-moving vehicles. 1.主干：Jane Jacobs called on the mayor to protect local parks 2.语法： ① arguing that…现在分词作伴随状语，内嵌宾语从句； ② rather than 并列对比结构，连接living spaces与roads； ③ only for fast-moving vehicles 介词短语后置修饰roads。 3.词汇： ① call on sb. to do 呼吁某人做某事 ② comfortable living spaces 宜居空间 ③ fast-moving vehicles 高速行驶车辆 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句4 We pour plenty of public funds into wide roads for fast travel, yet we ignore the hidden social costs caused by car-centered urban planning. 1.主干：We pour public funds into wide roads, yet we ignore hidden social costs 2.语法： ① for fast travel 介词短语后置修饰roads； ② caused by car-centered urban planning 过去分词后置定语修饰costs； ③ car-centered 复合形容词作定语。 3.词汇： ① public funds 公共资金 ② hidden social costs 隐性社会成本 ③ urban planning 城市规划 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage D 自来水中微塑料治理（科技说明文） 长难句1 Microplastics have spread across nearly every corner of the planet, existing in seawater, mountain rocks, polar snow and even human internal organs. 1.主干：Microplastics have spread across nearly every corner of the planet 2.语法： ① existing in…现在分词短语作伴随状语，列举地点； ② across nearly every corner 介词短语作地点状语； ③ 并列名词seawater, mountain rocks…作in的宾语。 3.词汇： ① microplastic n. 微塑料 ② internal organs 内脏器官 ③ polar snow 极地积雪 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句2 A research team from China found 【that boiling tap water for five minutes then cooling and filtering it could remove over 80 percent of microplastics suspended in the water】. 1.主干：A research team found that boiling tap water could remove microplastics 2.语法： ① that引导宾语从句，从句内部动名词短语作主语； ② suspended in the water 过去分词后置定语修饰microplastics； ③ over 80 percent of 数量短语限定名词。 3.词汇： ① tap water 自来水 ② filter v. 过滤 ③ suspend v. 悬浮 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句3 The efficiency of plastic removal depends on the amount of calcium carbonate contained in water, 【which differs greatly between hard water and soft water】. 1.主干：The efficiency depends on the amount of calcium carbonate 2.语法： ① contained in water 过去分词后置修饰calcium carbonate； ② which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文the amount of calcium carbonate； ③ between hard water and soft water 介词短语作范围状语。 3.词汇： ① efficiency n. 效率，效果 ② calcium carbonate 碳酸钙 ③ hard/soft water 硬水/软水 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句4 【Though scientists haven’t fully figured out the health risks of microplastics】, boiling tap water serves as an easy daily method to cut human intake of tiny plastic particles. 1.主干：boiling tap water serves as an easy daily method 2.语法： ① Though引导让步状语从句置于句首； ② to cut human intake 不定式后置定语修饰method； ③ tiny plastic particles 并列形容词前置修饰名词。 3.词汇： ① figure out 探明，弄清楚 ② intake n. 摄入 ③ particle n. 微粒 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、专项练习题 长难句拆解专项 要求：划出句子主干，标注从句类型/非谓语功能，完整翻译整句 1.It is estimated that the global demand for clean electricity will double by the year 2050. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Writing stories with diverse themes helps students express their inner thoughts and understand human nature better. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Cities built around private cars fail to provide safe walking space for children and elderly pedestrians. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.After boiling and cooling tap water, you can filter it to cut down most microplastics mixed in liquid. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.With recycled air as raw material, synthetic fuel can greatly lower carbon waste produced by airplane travel. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.The teacher who guided ninth-grade students in creative writing gained new ideas about the value of written communication. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.Many local people launched activities to stop the government from pulling down community green parks. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Water with high calcium carbonate can trap tiny plastic pieces when heated to boiling temperature. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.Transport energy transition, which aims to cut greenhouse gas release, requires worldwide joint efforts from all industries. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.Rather than writing short empty articles, students created long passages full of vivid and touching characters. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.If we only build wide roads for fast cars, we will lose comfortable public space for daily walking and relaxing. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.Even bottled water sold in supermarkets contains thousands of microplastic particles invisible to human eyes. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句型仿写写作迁移 模仿对应长难句语法结构，根据中文提示完成英文造句 1.模板：Moving sth. around the world is responsible for… 中文：全球快递运输大量货物会产生大量碳排放。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.模板：What surprised sb. most was that… 中文：最让这位写作老师意外的是学生起初完全忽视写作的价值。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.模板：Though …, sth. serves as an easy way to… 中文：尽管微塑料的健康危害尚未完全探明，煮沸自来水是减少摄入的简易办法。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.模板：With … as raw material, sth. can greatly lower… 中文：以回收二氧化碳为原料，新型燃料能大幅降低交通碳排放。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.模板：It is … that strengthens students’ ability to… 中文：正是自由主题创意写作锻炼了学生刻画人物、抒发内心的能力。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.模板：Having realized …, experts suggest doing sth. 中文：意识到汽车主导城市的隐性代价，专家建议优先规划行人街道。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.模板：Those who … will gain deeper understanding of… 中文：认真完成创意写作任务的学生会更懂得共情他人、理解人性。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.模板：Rather than …, people choose to … 中文：比起开车接送孩子上下学，家长应当鼓励孩子安全步行上学。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句改写 严格按照改写提示变换句式，句意保持不变 1. Having gathered sufficient historical evidence, the team drew a brand-new conclusion about the ancient civilization. 改写要求：将现在分词完成式作状语，改写为after引导的时间状语从句并使用一般过去时 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 2. The documentary which records the fading folk arts has gained wide popularity among teenagers. 改写要求：将which引导的限制性定语从句改写为现在分词recording后置定语 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 3. We can revive local customs only if local residents actively participate in heritage protection. 改写要求：将only if引导的条件状语移至句首，句子采用部分倒装 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 4. Many ancient craftsmen passed down skills orally, so plenty of techniques vanished gradually. 改写要求：将并列句改写为现在分词作结果状语 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 5. If adequate funding is provided, the ancient tower can be repaired before the rainy season arrives. 改写要求：将if被动语态条件状语从句改写为with复合结构 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 6. Few people realize the charm of intangible cultural heritage until media begin to promote it. 改写要求：调整语序，使用Not until置于句首引发部分倒装 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 7. While they are sorting out unearthed relics, archaeologists often find traces of ancient lifestyles. 改写要求：省略状语从句中的主语与be动词，转化为while doing分词结构 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 8. The ancient village surrounded by green mountains preserves dozens of traditional buildings. 改写要求：将过去分词surrounded后置定语改写为which引导的定语从句 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 9. Cultural heritage cannot survive. It needs continuous protection from the public. 改写要求：合并句子，使用without引导条件状语 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 10. Tourists should respect local traditions instead of damaging historical scenery for photos. 改写要求：将instead of短语改写为rather than引导并列结构 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 11. What attracts youngsters most is the unique artistic style of ancient paper-cutting. 改写要求：将what引导的主语从句改写为名词短语作主语 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 12. A great number of old workshops closed because young workers refused to learn traditional jobs. 改写要求：将because引导原因状语从句改写为due to介词短语 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 13. The plan to protect ancient murals will be discussed at the national cultural conference. 改写要求：将不定式后置定语改写为that引导的定语从句 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 14. You will gain deeper insight into history when you visit these well-preserved ancient sites. 改写要求：将when时间状语从句改写为on doing介词结构 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 15. Ancient poetry touches countless readers, and it carries the emotions of generations. 改写要求：合并句子，使用非限制性定语从句衔接两句话 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025新课标I卷英语阅读专项精讲讲义 本讲义适配高三一轮阅读专项突破，完整精析2025新课标I卷阅读A、B、C、D四篇真题。 一、前置导学：2025新课标I卷阅读命题考情 1.四大标准文体全覆盖：科普说明文（交通低碳燃料）、记叙文（教师写作教学感悟）、议论文（城市街道与机动车冲突）、科技说明文（自来水中微塑料治理），完全贴合新高考阅读选材趋势。 2.核心高频语法考点：让步/时间/原因状语从句、限制性/非限制性定语从句、宾语从句、非谓语动词（分词作定/状、不定式）、with复合结构、动名词作主语、被动语态、插入分隔结构、比较句式。 3.训练闭环设计：长难句拆解抓主干修饰 → 同义改写灵活变换句式 → 句型仿写迁移应用文/读后续写，层层递进贴合高考读写结合命题要求。 4.词汇体系：全部选自高考3500核心词、真题熟词生义，无超纲词汇，兼顾阅读识别与写作复用，难度适配高三一轮基础拔高。 2、 四篇阅读高阶长难句精析 Passage A 交通低碳燃料（科普说明文） 长难句1 Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO₂ emissions, 【as transportation accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions】. 翻译：全球范围内人员与货物运输产生了大量二氧化碳排放，交通运输行业的温室气体排放量约占能源相关总排放的四分之一。 1.主干：Moving goods and people is responsible for a large part of global CO₂ emissions 2.语法： ① 动名词短语Moving goods and people作句子主语，议论文高频高分句式； ② as引导原因状语从句，解释前文观点； ③ energy-related 复合形容词前置修饰greenhouse gas emissions。 3.词汇： ① be responsible for 造成，对……负责 ② account for 占（比例） ③ greenhouse gas emissions 温室气体排放 翻译：全球范围内人员与货物运输产生了大量二氧化碳排放，交通运输行业的温室气体排放量约占能源相关总排放的四分之一。 长难句2 原句：The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around by every vehicle type. 1.主干：The fuels for transport need to be green, cheap, powerful, lightweight and safe 2.语法： ① not just...but also... 并列形容词作表语，高考高频并列结构； ② enough to be carried around 不定式被动结构作程度后置定语； ③ for transport 介词短语后置修饰主语fuels。 3.词汇： ① lightweight adj. 轻便的 ② vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆 ③ carry around 随身携带 翻译：交通燃料不仅要环保、低成本、动力充足，还需轻便安全，适配各类交通工具携带使用。 长难句3 One long-term sustainable fuel solution for planes is to produce synthetic hydrocarbons extracted from recycled air to cut aviation carbon output. 1.主干：One solution is to produce synthetic hydrocarbons 2.语法： ① to produce synthetic hydrocarbons 不定式作表语； ② extracted from recycled air 过去分词后置定语修饰hydrocarbons； ③ to cut aviation carbon output 不定式作目的状语。 3.词汇： ① synthetic hydrocarbons 合成碳氢化合物 ② sustainable adj. 可持续的 ③ aviation n. 航空业 翻译：飞机可持续燃料的长期方案之一，是利用回收空气合成碳氢化合物，以此削减航空碳排放。 长难句4 Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, yet the cost of producing green hydrogen remains extremely high for mass application. 1.主干：Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice, yet the cost remains high 2.语法： ① than引导比较状语，构成同级比较变形； ② for trucks / for mass application 两处介词短语后置分层修饰； ③ yet并列连词表转折，连接两个独立分句。 3.词汇： ① fuel cell 燃料电池 ② mass application 大规模应用 ③ hydrogen n. 氢气 翻译：氢燃料电池对比电池更轻便，适合卡车使用，但制取绿色氢能的成本过高，难以大规模推广。 Passage B 写作教学感悟（记叙文） 长难句1 More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, 【who'd created these vivid fictional characters】, could grasp their inner feelings so accurately. 1.主干：I found myself wondering how my students could grasp their inner feelings 2.语法： ① who引导非限制性定语从句分隔主语students与谓语，经典长难干扰结构； ② wondering后嵌套how引导宾语从句； ③ more than once 介词短语作句首评注性状语。 3.词汇： ① fictional character 虚构人物 ② accurately adv. 精准地 ③ grasp v. 理解，捕捉 翻译：我不止一次心生疑惑，这些学生创作出鲜活的虚构人物，为何能如此精准捕捉人物的内心情绪。 长难句2 They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, yet writing itself simply failed to strike them as an important skill worth learning. 1.主干：They could have written pages, yet writing failed to strike them as an important skill 2.语法： ① could have done 虚拟语气，表示“本可以做（实际未做）”； ② worth learning 形容词短语后置修饰skill； ③ strike sb. as sth. 固定句式作宾语补足语。 3.词汇： ① necessity n. 必要性 ② strike sb. as… 给某人留下……印象 ③ skill worth learning 值得学习的技能 翻译：他们能洋洋洒洒写一大段论述电脑的重要性，却完全不认为写作是值得学习的重要技能。 长难句3 For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required two core rules for every passage. 1.主干：I only required two core rules 2.语法： ① a personal-narrative unit… 同位语插入，解释前文two assignments； ② followed by a creative-writing workshop 过去分词后置定语修饰unit； ③ for every passage 介词短语后置修饰rules。 3.词汇： ① personal narrative 个人叙事文 ② creative writing 创意写作 ③ assignment n. 作业，写作任务 翻译：后续两项写作任务分为个人叙事单元与创意写作工坊，我只对每篇文章设置两条核心要求。 长难句4 【When the final bell rang in June】, I walked away with a clear understanding of writing’s most powerful value: it connects people and lets us experience the lives of others. 1.主干：I walked away with a clear understanding 2.语法： ① when引导时间状语从句置于句首； ② of writing’s most powerful value 介词短语后置修饰understanding； ③ 冒号后并列分句作同位语，解释value具体内容。 3.词汇： ① powerful value 强大价值 ② connect v. 联结，沟通 ③ experience v. 体验 翻译：六月期末铃声响起时，我彻底读懂写作最强大的价值：它搭建人与人的联结，让我们体会他人的人生。 Passage C 城市街道改造（议论文） 长难句1 Many parents refuse to let their kids walk to school on foot due to heavy traffic, so they drive children to campus instead, reducing children’s daily walking activity sharply. 1.主干：Many parents refuse to let kids walk to school, so they drive children to campus 2.语法： ① due to heavy traffic 介词短语作原因状语； ② reducing…现在分词作结果状语，表前文行为带来的后果； ③ let sb. do 不带to不定式作宾语补足语。 3.词汇： ① heavy traffic 车流拥堵 ② sharply adv. 急剧地 ③ daily walking activity 日常步行活动 翻译：车流密集让许多家长不敢让孩子步行上学，于是开车接送，大幅减少了孩子日常步行活动量。 长难句2 In their new book Movement, two Dutch scholars call for society to rethink the design of city streets and the essential role 【streets play in people’s daily lives】. 1.主干：Two Dutch scholars call for society to rethink the design and the essential role 2.语法： ① In their new book Movement 地点状语前置； ② streets play 省略that的限制性定语从句修饰role； ③ to rethink…不定式复合结构作call for的宾语补足语。 3.词汇： ① call for 呼吁 ② essential role 核心作用 ③ rethink v. 重新思考，重新规划 翻译：两位荷兰学者在新作《城市出行》中呼吁社会重新规划城市街道设计，重新审视街道在民众日常生活中的核心作用。 长难句3 Jane Jacobs called on the mayor to protect local parks, arguing that cities should be comfortable living spaces rather than roads only for fast-moving vehicles. 1.主干：Jane Jacobs called on the mayor to protect local parks 2.语法： ① arguing that…现在分词作伴随状语，内嵌宾语从句； ② rather than 并列对比结构，连接living spaces与roads； ③ only for fast-moving vehicles 介词短语后置修饰roads。 3.词汇： ① call on sb. to do 呼吁某人做某事 ② comfortable living spaces 宜居空间 ③ fast-moving vehicles 高速行驶车辆 翻译：简·雅各布斯呼吁市长保护本地公园，她提出城市应当是宜居空间，而非仅供车辆快速通行的道路。 长难句4 We pour plenty of public funds into wide roads for fast travel, yet we ignore the hidden social costs caused by car-centered urban planning. 1.主干：We pour public funds into wide roads, yet we ignore hidden social costs 2.语法： ① for fast travel 介词短语后置修饰roads； ② caused by car-centered urban planning 过去分词后置定语修饰costs； ③ car-centered 复合形容词作定语。 3.词汇： ① public funds 公共资金 ② hidden social costs 隐性社会成本 ③ urban planning 城市规划 翻译：我们投入大量公共资金修建宽阔快车道，却忽视了以汽车为核心的城市规划带来的隐性社会成本。 Passage D 自来水中微塑料治理（科技说明文） 长难句1 Microplastics have spread across nearly every corner of the planet, existing in seawater, mountain rocks, polar snow and even human internal organs. 1.主干：Microplastics have spread across nearly every corner of the planet 2.语法： ① existing in…现在分词短语作伴随状语，列举地点； ② across nearly every corner 介词短语作地点状语； ③ 并列名词seawater, mountain rocks…作in的宾语。 3.词汇： ① microplastic n. 微塑料 ② internal organs 内脏器官 ③ polar snow 极地积雪 翻译：微塑料已经扩散至地球几乎各个角落，存在于海水、山体岩石、极地积雪，甚至人体器官内部。 长难句2 A research team from China found 【that boiling tap water for five minutes then cooling and filtering it could remove over 80 percent of microplastics suspended in the water】. 1.主干：A research team found that boiling tap water could remove microplastics 2.语法： ① that引导宾语从句，从句内部动名词短语作主语； ② suspended in the water 过去分词后置定语修饰microplastics； ③ over 80 percent of 数量短语限定名词。 3.词汇： ① tap water 自来水 ② filter v. 过滤 ③ suspend v. 悬浮 翻译：中国研究团队发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟，冷却后过滤，可去除水中超80%悬浮微塑料。 长难句3 The efficiency of plastic removal depends on the amount of calcium carbonate contained in water, 【which differs greatly between hard water and soft water】. 1.主干：The efficiency depends on the amount of calcium carbonate 2.语法： ① contained in water 过去分词后置修饰calcium carbonate； ② which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文the amount of calcium carbonate； ③ between hard water and soft water 介词短语作范围状语。 3.词汇： ① efficiency n. 效率，效果 ② calcium carbonate 碳酸钙 ③ hard/soft water 硬水/软水 翻译：去除微塑料的效果取决于水中碳酸钙含量，硬水与软水的碳酸钙含量差距极大。 长难句4 【Though scientists haven’t fully figured out the health risks of microplastics】, boiling tap water serves as an easy daily method to cut human intake of tiny plastic particles. 1.主干：boiling tap water serves as an easy daily method 2.语法： ① Though引导让步状语从句置于句首； ② to cut human intake 不定式后置定语修饰method； ③ tiny plastic particles 并列形容词前置修饰名词。 3.词汇： ① figure out 探明，弄清楚 ② intake n. 摄入 ③ particle n. 微粒 翻译：尽管科学家尚未完全探明微塑料对人体的健康危害，但煮沸自来水是日常减少微塑料摄入的简便方法。 三、专项练习题 长难句拆解专项 要求：划出句子主干，标注从句类型/非谓语功能，完整翻译整句 1.It is estimated that the global demand for clean electricity will double by the year 2050. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Writing stories with diverse themes helps students express their inner thoughts and understand human nature better. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Cities built around private cars fail to provide safe walking space for children and elderly pedestrians. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.After boiling and cooling tap water, you can filter it to cut down most microplastics mixed in liquid. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.With recycled air as raw material, synthetic fuel can greatly lower carbon waste produced by airplane travel. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.The teacher who guided ninth-grade students in creative writing gained new ideas about the value of written communication. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.Many local people launched activities to stop the government from pulling down community green parks. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Water with high calcium carbonate can trap tiny plastic pieces when heated to boiling temperature. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.Transport energy transition, which aims to cut greenhouse gas release, requires worldwide joint efforts from all industries. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.Rather than writing short empty articles, students created long passages full of vivid and touching characters. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.If we only build wide roads for fast cars, we will lose comfortable public space for daily walking and relaxing. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.Even bottled water sold in supermarkets contains thousands of microplastic particles invisible to human eyes. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句型仿写写作迁移 模仿对应长难句语法结构，根据中文提示完成英文造句 1.模板：Moving sth. around the world is responsible for… 中文：全球快递运输大量货物会产生大量碳排放。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.模板：What surprised sb. most was that… 中文：最让这位写作老师意外的是学生起初完全忽视写作的价值。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.模板：Though …, sth. serves as an easy way to… 中文：尽管微塑料的健康危害尚未完全探明，煮沸自来水是减少摄入的简易办法。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.模板：With … as raw material, sth. can greatly lower… 中文：以回收二氧化碳为原料，新型燃料能大幅降低交通碳排放。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.模板：It is … that strengthens students’ ability to… 中文：正是自由主题创意写作锻炼了学生刻画人物、抒发内心的能力。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.模板：Having realized …, experts suggest doing sth. 中文：意识到汽车主导城市的隐性代价，专家建议优先规划行人街道。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.模板：Those who … will gain deeper understanding of… 中文：认真完成创意写作任务的学生会更懂得共情他人、理解人性。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.模板：Rather than …, people choose to … 中文：比起开车接送孩子上下学，家长应当鼓励孩子安全步行上学。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句改写 严格按照改写提示变换句式，句意保持不变 1. Having gathered sufficient historical evidence, the team drew a brand-new conclusion about the ancient civilization. 改写要求：将现在分词完成式作状语，改写为after引导的时间状语从句并使用一般过去时 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 2. The documentary which records the fading folk arts has gained wide popularity among teenagers. 改写要求：将which引导的限制性定语从句改写为现在分词recording后置定语 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 3. We can revive local customs only if local residents actively participate in heritage protection. 改写要求：将only if引导的条件状语移至句首，句子采用部分倒装 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 4. Many ancient craftsmen passed down skills orally, so plenty of techniques vanished gradually. 改写要求：将并列句改写为现在分词作结果状语 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 5. If adequate funding is provided, the ancient tower can be repaired before the rainy season arrives. 改写要求：将if被动语态条件状语从句改写为with复合结构 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 6. Few people realize the charm of intangible cultural heritage until media begin to promote it. 改写要求：调整语序，使用Not until置于句首引发部分倒装 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 7. While they are sorting out unearthed relics, archaeologists often find traces of ancient lifestyles. 改写要求：省略状语从句中的主语与be动词，转化为while doing分词结构 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 8. The ancient village surrounded by green mountains preserves dozens of traditional buildings. 改写要求：将过去分词surrounded后置定语改写为which引导的定语从句 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 9. Cultural heritage cannot survive. It needs continuous protection from the public. 改写要求：合并句子，使用without引导条件状语 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 10. Tourists should respect local traditions instead of damaging historical scenery for photos. 改写要求：将instead of短语改写为rather than引导并列结构 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 11. What attracts youngsters most is the unique artistic style of ancient paper-cutting. 改写要求：将what引导的主语从句改写为名词短语作主语 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 12. A great number of old workshops closed because young workers refused to learn traditional jobs. 改写要求：将because引导原因状语从句改写为due to介词短语 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 13. The plan to protect ancient murals will be discussed at the national cultural conference. 改写要求：将不定式后置定语改写为that引导的定语从句 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 14. You will gain deeper insight into history when you visit these well-preserved ancient sites. 改写要求：将when时间状语从句改写为on doing介词结构 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 15. Ancient poetry touches countless readers, and it carries the emotions of generations. 改写要求：合并句子，使用非限制性定语从句衔接两句话 改写: ________________________________________________________________ 答案 (长难句拆解) 1 原句：It is estimated that the global demand for clean electricity will double by the year 2050. 译文：据预估，2050年全球清洁能源电力需求将翻倍。 主干：It will double（it为形式主语，真正主语that从句the global demand for clean electricity）；无定语从句，It is estimated that…固定形式主语句型，介词短语for clean electricity后置修饰demand 2 原句：Writing stories with diverse themes helps students express their inner thoughts and understand human nature better. 译文：创作多元主题故事能帮助学生抒发内心想法，更好理解人性。 主干：Writing stories helps students express thoughts and understand human nature；无定语从句，动名词短语作主语，with diverse themes介词短语后置修饰stories 3 原句：Cities built around private cars fail to provide safe walking space for children and elderly pedestrians. 译文：围绕私家车建设的城市无法为儿童和老年行人提供安全步行空间。 主干：Cities fail to provide safe walking space；无定语从句，built around private cars过去分词后置修饰Cities，介词短语for children and elderly pedestrians后置修饰space 4 原句：After boiling and cooling tap water, you can filter it to cut down most microplastics mixed in liquid. 译文：将自来水煮沸放凉后过滤，就能去除水中大部分微塑料。 主干：you can filter it；无定语从句，After boiling and cooling介词+动名词作时间状语，mixed in liquid过去分词后置修饰microplastics 5 原句：With recycled air as raw material, synthetic fuel can greatly lower carbon waste produced by airplane travel. 译文：以回收空气为原材料，合成燃料能够大幅减少航空出行产生的碳排放。 主干：synthetic fuel can greatly lower carbon waste；无定语从句，With…as…复合结构作伴随状语，produced by airplane travel过去分词后置修饰carbon waste 6 原句：The teacher who guided ninth-grade students in creative writing gained new ideas about the value of written communication. 译文：这位指导九年级学生创意写作的老师，对文字沟通的价值有了全新感悟。 主干：The teacher gained new ideas；who引导限制性定语从句修饰teacher，介词短语about the value后置修饰ideas 7 原句：Many local people launched activities to stop the government from pulling down community green parks. 译文：许多当地居民发起活动，阻止政府拆除社区绿地公园。 主干：Many local people launched activities；无定语从句，to stop…不定式作目的状语，stop sb. from doing固定搭配 8 原句：Water with high calcium carbonate can trap tiny plastic pieces when heated to boiling temperature. 译文：碳酸钙含量高的水加热至沸腾时，能够吸附微小塑料颗粒。 主干：Water can trap tiny plastic pieces；无定语从句，with high calcium carbonate介词短语后置修饰Water，when heated省略式时间状语从句 9 原句：Transport energy transition, which aims to cut greenhouse gas release, requires worldwide joint efforts from all industries. 译文：旨在减少温室气体排放的交通能源转型，需要全行业全球协同努力。 主干：Transport energy transition requires worldwide joint efforts；which引导非限制性定语从句分隔主谓，介词短语from all industries后置修饰efforts 10 原句：Rather than writing short empty articles, students created long passages full of vivid and touching characters. 译文：学生没有写空洞的短篇，而是创作出篇幅更长、人物鲜活动人的文章。 主干：students created long passages；无定语从句，Rather than doing固定对比结构作状语，full of…形容词短语后置修饰passages 11 原句：If we only build wide roads for fast cars, we will lose comfortable public space for daily walking and relaxing. 译文：如果我们只修建供机动车快速通行的宽阔道路，就会失去可供日常步行休闲的舒适公共空间。 主干：we will lose comfortable public space；If引导真实条件状语从句，介词短语for fast cars/for daily walking后置修饰名词 12 原句：Even bottled water sold in supermarkets contains thousands of microplastic particles invisible to human eyes. 译文：就连超市售卖的瓶装水中，也含有成千上万肉眼看不见的微塑料微粒。 主干：Even bottled water contains thousands of microplastic particles；无定语从句，sold in supermarkets过去分词后置修饰bottled water，invisible to human eyes形容词短语后置修饰particles (句型仿写) 1. Moving large quantities of goods around the world via express delivery is responsible for a large amount of carbon emissions. 2. What surprised the writing teacher most was that the students completely ignored the value of writing at first. 3. Though the health risks of microplastics have not been fully confirmed, boiling tap water serves as an easy way to reduce intake. 4. With recycled carbon dioxide as raw material, the new type of fuel can greatly lower carbon emissions from transportation. 5. It is creative writing with free themes that strengthens students’ ability to portray characters and express their inner feelings. 6. Having realized the hidden costs of car-dominated cities, experts suggest prioritizing the planning of pedestrian streets. 7. Those who complete creative writing tasks carefully will gain deeper understanding of empathizing with others and human nature. 8. Rather than driving their children to and from school, parents should choose to encourage their children to walk to school safely. (长难句改写) 1. After the team gathered sufficient historical evidence, they drew a brand-new conclusion about the ancient civilization. 2. The documentary recording the fading folk arts has gained wide popularity among teenagers. 3. Only if local residents actively participate in heritage protection can we revive local customs. 4. Many ancient craftsmen passed down skills orally, causing plenty of techniques to vanish gradually. 5. With adequate funding provided, the ancient tower can be repaired before the rainy season arrives. 6. Not until media begin to promote it do people realize the charm of intangible cultural heritage. 7. While sorting out unearthed relics, archaeologists often find traces of ancient lifestyles. 8. The ancient village which is surrounded by green mountains preserves dozens of traditional buildings. 9. Cultural heritage cannot survive without continuous protection from the public. 10. Tourists should respect local traditions rather than damage historical scenery for photos. 11. The unique artistic style of ancient paper-cutting attracts youngsters most. 12. A great number of old workshops closed due to young workers’ refusal to learn traditional jobs. 13. The plan that will protect ancient murals will be discussed at the national cultural conference. 14. On visiting these well-preserved ancient sites, you will gain deeper insight into history. 15. Ancient poetry touches countless readers, which carries the emotions of generations. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $2025新课标|卷英语阅读专项精讲讲义 本讲义适配高三一轮阅读专项突破，完整精析2025新课标1卷阅读A、B、C、D四篇真题。 一、前置导学：2025新课标1卷阅读命题考情 1.四大标准文体全覆盖：科普说明文（交通低碳燃料）、记叙文（教师写作教学感悟）、议论文（城市街 道与机动车冲突)、科技说明文（自来水中微塑料治理），完全贴合新高考阅读选材趋势。 2核心高频语法考点：让步/时间/原因状语从句、限制性/非限制性定语从句、宾语从句、非谓语动词（分 词作定/状、不定式)、wth复合结构、动名词作主语、被动语态、插入分隔结构、比较句式。 3训练闭环设计：长难句拆解抓主干修饰一同义改写灵活变换句式一句型仿写迁移应用文/读后续写 层层递进贴合高考读写结合命题要求。 4词汇体系：全部选自高考3500核心词、真题熟词生义，无超纲词汇，兼顾阅读识别与写作复用，难度 适配高三一轮基础拔高。 二、四篇阅读高阶长难句精析 Passage A交通低碳燃料（科普说明文） 长难句1 Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global COz emissions,[as transportation accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions】 翻泽：全球范围内人员与货物运输产生了大量二氧化碳排放，交通运输行业的温室气体排放量约占能源相 关总排放的四分之一。 1.:Moving goods and people is responsible for a large part of global COz emissions 2.语法： ①动名词短语Moving goods and people作句子主语，议论文高频高分句式； ②as引导原因状语从句，解释前文观点： ③energy-related复合形容词前置修饰greenhouse gas emissions。. 3.词汇： ①be responsible for造成，对负责 ②account for占（比例） ③greenhouse gas emissions温室气体排放 翻译： 长难句2 The fuels for transport need to be not just green,cheap and powerful,but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around by every vehicle type. 1.:The fuels for transport need to be green,cheap,powerful,lightweight and safe 2.语法： ①not just...but also..并列形容词作表语，高考高频并列结构； ②enough to be carried around不定式被动结构作程度后置定语； ③for transport介词短语后置修饰主语fuels。 3.词汇： ①lightweight adj..轻便的 ②vehicle n.交通工具，车辆 ③carry around随身携带 翻译： 长难句3 One long-term sustainable fuel solution for planes is to produce synthetic hydrocarbons extracted from recycled air to cut aviation carbon output. 1.主千干：One solution is to produce synthetic hydrocarbons 2.语法： ①to produce synthetic hydrocarbons不定式作表语； ②extracted from recycled air过去分词后置定语修饰hydrocarbons; ③to cut aviation carbon output不定式作目的状语。 3.词汇： ①synthetic hydrocarbons合成碳氢化合物 ②sustainable adj.可持续的 ③aviation n.航空业 翻译： 长难句4 Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks,yet the cost of producing green hydrogen remains extremely high for mass application. 1.:Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice,yet the cost remains high 2.语法： ①than引导比较状语，构成同级比较变形： ②for trucks/for mass application两处介词短语后置分层修饰； ③yet并列连词表转折，连接两个独立分句。 3.词汇： ①fuel cel‖燃料电池 ②mass application大规模应用 ③hydrogen n.氢气 翻译： Passage B写作教学感悟（记叙文） 长难句1 More than once,I found myself wondering just how my students,[who'd created these vivid fictional characters],could grasp their inner feelings so accurately. 1.:I found myself wondering how my students could grasp their inner feelings 2.语法： ①who引导非限制性定语从句分隔主语students与谓语，经典长难干扰结构； ②wondering后嵌套how引导宾语从句； ③more than once介词短语作句首评注性状语。 3.词汇： ①fictional character虚构人物 ②accurately adv.精准地 ③grasp v.理解，捕捉 翻译： 长难句2 They could have written pages on the necessity of computers,yet writing itself simply failed to strike them as an important skill worth learning. 1.:They could have written pages,yet writing failed to strike them as an important skill 2语法： ①could have done虚拟语气，表示“本可以做（实际未做）”； ②worth learning形容词短语后置修饰skill; ③strike sb.as sth.固定句式作宾语补足语。 3.词汇： ①necessity n.必要性 ②strike sb.as.给某人留下印象 ③skill worth learning值得学习的技能 翻译： 长难句3 For the next two assignments,a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required two core rules for every passage. 1.主千：I only required two core rules 2.语法： ①a personal--narrative unit..同位语插入，解释前文two assignments; ②followed by a creative-writing workshop过去分词后置定语修饰unit; ③for every passage介词短语后置修饰rules。 3词汇： ①personal narrative个人叙事文 ②creative writing创意写作 ③assignment n.作业，写作任务 翻译： 长难句4 [When the final bell rang in June],I walked away with a clear understanding of writing's most powerful value:it connects people and lets us experience the lives of others. 1.主千：I walked away with a clear understanding 2.语法： ①when引导时间状语从句置于句首； ②of writing's most powerful value介词短语后置修饰understanding; ③冒号后并列分句作同位语，解释value具体内容。 3.词汇： ①powerful value强大价值 ②connect v.联结，沟通 ③experience v.体验 翻译： Passage C城市街道改造（议论文） 长难句1 Many parents refuse to let their kids walk to school on foot due to heavy traffic,so they drive children to campus instead,reducing children's daily walking activity sharply. 1.:Many parents refuse to let kids walk to school,so they drive children to campus 2.语法： ①due to heavy traffic介词短语作原因状语， ②reducing.现在分词作结果状语，表前文行为带来的后果； ③let sb.do不带to不定式作宾语补足语。 3.词汇： ①heavy traffic车流拥堵 ②sharply adv.急剧地 ③daily walking activity日常步行活动 翻译： 长难句2 In their new book Movement,two Dutch scholars call for society to rethink the design of city streets and the essential role [streets play in people's daily lives] 1.:Two Dutch scholars call for society to rethink the design and the essential role 2.语法： ①In their new book Movement地点状语前置； ②streets play省略that的限制性定语从句修饰role; ③to rethink.不定式复合结构作call for的宾语补足语。 3.词汇： ①call for呼吁 ②essential role核心作用 ③rethink v.重新思考，重新规划 翻译： 长难句3 Jane Jacobs called on the mayor to protect local parks,arguing that cities should be comfortable living spaces rather than roads only for fast-moving vehicles. 1.主干：Jane Jacobs called on the mayor to protect local parks 2.语法： ①arguing that.现在分词作伴随状语，内嵌宾语从句； ②rather than并列对比结构，连接living spaces与roads; ③only for fast-moving vehicles介词短语后置修饰roads。 3.词汇： ①call on sb.todo呼吁某人做某事 ②comfortable living spaces宜居空间 ③fast-moving vehicles高速行驶车辆 翻译： 长难句4 We pour plenty of public funds into wide roads for fast travel,yet we ignore the hidden social costs caused by car-centered urban planning. 1.:We pour public funds into wide roads,yet we ignore hidden social costs 2语法： ①for fast travel介词短语后置修饰roads; ②caused by car--centered urban planning过去分词后置定语修饰costs; ③car-centered复合形容词作定语。 3.词汇： ①public funds公共资金 ②hidden social costs隐性社会成本 ③urban planning城市规划 翻译 Passage D自来水中微塑料治理（科技说明文） 长难句1 Microplastics have spread across nearly every corner of the planet,existing in seawater, mountain rocks,polar snow and even human internal organs. 1.:Microplastics have spread across nearly every corner of the planet 2.语法： ①existing in.…现在分词短语作伴随状语，列举地点； ②across nearly every corner介词短语作地点状语； ③并列名词seawater,.mountain rocks.作in的宾语。 3.词汇： ①microplastic n.微塑料 ②internal organs内脏器官 ③polar snow极地积雪 翻译： 长难句2 A research team from China found [that boiling tap water for five minutes then cooling and filtering it could remove over 80 percent of microplastics suspended in the water ] 1.:A research team found that boiling tap water could remove microplastics 2.语法： ①that引导宾语从句，从句内部动名词短语作主语； ②suspended in the water过去分词后置定语修饰microplastics; ③over80 percent of数量短语限定名词。 3.词汇： ①tap water自来水 ②filter v.过滤 ③suspend v.悬浮 翻译： 长难句3 The efficiency of plastic removal depends on the amount of calcium carbonate contained in water,[which differs greatly between hard water and soft water] l.主千：The efficiency depends on the amount of calcium carbonate 2语法： ①contained in water过去分词后置修饰calcium carbonate; ②which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文the amount of calcium carbonate; ③between hard water and soft water介词短语作范围状语。 3.词汇： ①efficiency n.效率，效果 ②calcium carbonate碳酸钙 ③hard/soft water硬水软水 翻译： 长难句4 [Though scientists haven't fully figured out the health risks of microplastics ]boiling tap water serves as an easy daily method to cut human intake of tiny plastic particles. 1.主干：boiling tap water serves as an easy daily method 2.语法： ①Though引导让步状语从句置于句首； ②to cut human intake不定式后置定语修饰method; ③tiny plastic particles并列形容词前置修饰名词。 3.词汇： ①figure out探明，弄清楚 ②intake n.摄入 ③particle n.微粒 翻译： 三、专项练习题 长难句拆解专项 要求：出句子主干，标注从句类型非谓语功能，完整翻译整句 1.It is estimated that the global demand for clean electricity will double by the year 2050 主干 语法： 翻译： 2.Writing stories with diverse themes helps students express their inner thoughts and understand human nature better. 主千： 语法： 翻译： 3.Cities built around private cars fail to provide safe walking space for children and elderly pedestrians. 主干： 语法： 翻译： 4.After boiling and cooling tap water,you can filter it to cut down most microplastics mixed in liquid. 主干 语法： 翻译： 5.With recycled air as raw material,synthetic fuel can greatly lower carbon waste produced by airplane travel. 主干： 语法： 翻译： 6.The teacher who guided ninth-grade students in creative writing gained new ideas about the value of written communication. 主干： 语法： 翻译： 7.Many local people launched activities to stop the government from pulling down community green parks. 主干： 语法： 翻译： 8.Water with high calcium carbonate can trap tiny plastic pieces when heated to boiling temperature. 主干： 语法 翻译： 9.Transport energy transition,which aims to cut greenhouse gas release,requires worldwide joint efforts from all industries. 主干： 语法： 翻译： 10.Rather than writing short empty articles,students created long passages full of vivid and touching characters 主干： 语法： 翻译： 11.If we only build wide roads for fast cars,we will lose comfortable public space for daily walking and relaxing. 主千： 语法： 翻译： 12.Even bottled water sold in supermarkets contains thousands of microplastic particles invisible to human eyes 主千 语法： 翻译： 句型仿写写作迁移 模仿对应长难句语法结构，根据中文提示完成英文造句 1模板：Moving sth.around the world is responsible for. 中文：全球快递运输大量货物会产生大量碳排放。 仿写： 2.模板：What surprised sb.most was that.. 中文：最让这位写作老师意外的是学生起初完全忽视写作的价值。 仿写： 3.模板：Though ...sth.serves as an easy way to. 中文：尽管微塑料的健康危害尚未完全探明，煮沸自来水是减少摄入的简易办法。 仿写： 4.模板：With.as raw material,,sth.can greatly lower.. 中文：以回收二氧化碳为原料，新型燃料能大幅降低交通碳排放。 仿写： 5.模板：It is...that strengthens students'ability to. 中文：正是自由主题创意写作锻炼了学生刻画人物、抒发内心的能力。 仿写： 6模板：Having realized,experts suggest doing sth, 中文：意识到汽车主导城市的隐性代价，专家建议优先规划行人街道。 仿写： 7.模板：Those who.will gain deeper understanding of. 中文：认真完成创意写作任务的学生会更懂得共情他人、理解人性。 仿写： 8.模板：Rather than,people choose to. 中文：比起开车接送孩子上下学，家长应当鼓励孩子安全步行上学。 仿写： 长难句改写 严格按照改写提示变换句式，句意保持不变 1.Having gathered sufficient historical evidence,the team drew a brand-new conclusion about the ancient civilization. 改写要求：将现在分词完成式作状语，改写为after引导的时间状语从句并使用一般过去时 改写 2.The documentary which records the fading folk arts has gained wide popularity among teenagers. 改写要求：将which引导的限制性定语从句改写为现在分词recording后置定语 改写： 3.We can revive local customs only if local residents actively participate in heritage protection. 改写要求：将only if引导的条件状语移至句首，句子采用部分倒装 改写： 4.Many ancient craftsmen passed down skills orally,so plenty of techniques vanished gradually. 改写要求：将并列句改写为现在分词作结果状语 改写： 5.If adequate funding is provided,the ancient tower can be repaired before the rainy season arrives. 改写要求：将if被动语态条件状语从句改写为wth复合结构 改写： 6.Few people realize the charm of intangible cultural heritage until media begin to promote it. 改写要求：调整语序，使用Not until置于句首引发部分倒装 改写： 7.While they are sorting out unearthed relics,archaeologists often find traces of ancient lifestyles. 改写要求：省略状语从句中的主语与be动词，转化为while doing分词结构 改写： 8.The ancient village surrounded by green mountains preserves dozens of traditional buildings. 改写要求：将过去分词surrounded后置定语改写为which引导的定语从句 改写： 9.Cultural heritage cannot survive.It needs continuous protection from the public. 改写要求：合并句子，使用without引导条件状语 改写： 10.Tourists should respect local traditions instead of damaging historical scenery for photos. 改写要求：将instead of:短语改写为rather than引导并列结构 改写： 11.What attracts youngsters most is the unique artistic style of ancient paper-cutting. 改写要求：将what引导的主语从句改写为名词短语作主语 改写： 12.A great number of old workshops closed because young workers refused to learn traditional jobs. 改写要求：将because引导原因状语从句改写为due to介词短语 改写： 13.The plan to protect ancient murals will be discussed at the national cultural conference. 改写要求：将不定式后置定语改写为that引导的定语从句 改写： 14.You will gain deeper insight into history when you visit these well-preserved ancient sites. 改写要求：将when时间状语从句改写为on doing介词结构 改写： 15.Ancient poetry touches countless readers,and it carries the emotions of generations. 改写要求：合并句子，使用非限制性定语从句衔接两句话 改写：