专题06 阅读理解之说明文（3年汇编）（武汉专用）2024-2026年中考英语真题分类汇编

**基本信息** 聚焦中考英语说明文阅读，汇编2024-2026年3年真题及模拟题，主题涵盖AI科技、人体科学、海洋生态等，严格遵循“人与社会、自我、自然”主题循环，通过5道固定题型考查细节定位、逻辑衔接等核心能力，是区分中等生与优等生的专项训练资料。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（说明文）|每篇5题|自然生态（珊瑚培育四步法）、人体科学（大脑感官联动）、前沿科技（AI机器人应用）|跨学科融合生物/科技知识，设置段落挖空句、图文流程匹配题，答案侧重逻辑推演，极少原文照搬|

专题06 阅读理解之说明文 3年真题1年模拟 年份 主题 话题 命题猜测 2026年中考真题 海洋生态、生物保护、环保实践。 介绍海洋探索难点、珊瑚培育四步法、公众海洋保护志愿项目 文体与篇幅：固定科普说明文，300 词左右，每年设置段落挖空句（还原类题型）、图文流程匹配题，跨学科融合生物、科技、生理知识。 五大必考题型（5 道单选） ①细节定位（步骤、数据、事例）；②段落主旨 / 挖空衔接句；③划线词义猜测（熟词生义、比喻词）；④推理判断（写作意图、后文内容）；⑤全文主旨。 选材轮换逻辑：前沿科技（2024）→人体科学（2025）→自然生态（2026），严格对应新课标「人与自我、人与社会、人与自然」三大主题循环。 难度特征：生词、专业术语增多，侧重逻辑推演、流程梳理，答案极少原文原句照搬，是区分中等生与优等生的篇目。 育人导向：普及科学思维，倡导探索、环保、理性看待科技发展。 2025年中考真题 人体生理、心理健康、科学认知。 把大脑比作人体北斗，解析感官联动、危险应激本能、感官互通现象 2024年中考真题 人工智能、科技利弊、未来生活。 介绍多款 AI 机器人应用场景，讲解机器学习原理，探讨 AI 便利与就业、安全隐患 考点01 海洋生态、生物保护、环保实践 （2026·湖北武汉·中考真题） The ocean covers most of our planet, yet we know very little about it. Our ocean is as mysterious as it is beautiful. In fact, we have better maps of Mars than we do of the ocean floor. Why? Exploring (探索) the ocean is a really hard job. There’s a lot of ocean—about 1.4 billion trillion litres (升). That’s 1,400,000,000,000,000,000,000! ★ . One of their most important goals is to learn about coral reefs (珊瑚礁), which are home to lots of sea plants and animals. Do you know that coral is an animal, not a plant? Tiny animals called polyps (珊瑚虫) build the hard part of the coral as a home to live in. They are called “architects” in the ocean. However, many coral reefs around the world are in danger. That’s where a clever method called “coral gardening” comes in—giving reefs a second chance. Here’s how it works in four steps: First, scientists collect small pieces of coral from coral reefs. Then they break them into even smaller ones—tiny pieces grow faster. After that, they place the pieces in lab-controlled or underwater nurseries (苗圃), where tiny pieces are taken good care of. Finally, once strong enough, they are planted onto rock or man-made reefs so that they can grow on their own. A typical example is the L-shaped Reef. Since 1982, scientists have placed old subway cars into the sea. These strange “homes” have created a huge man-made reef. Now, polyps and fish are moving in! To know more about the ocean, a volunteer, Paul Green started the Big Bag Project in 2025. It calls on beach visitors to help collect information on plastics and water temperature through a bag which is connected with an app. Next time you go to the beach, take a bag, pick up some rubbish, and have a closer connection with the ocean. 1．What does the number in paragraph 1 tell us about the ocean? A．How much salt there is. B．How cold the deep ocean is. C．How large the ocean is. D．How many sea plants there are. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．Some sea animals are making a comeback B．The ocean is full of wonders to be discovered C．But many scientists are taking on this challenge D．So protecting the ocean is everyone’s responsibility 3．What does the underlined word “architects” mean? A．People who build houses. B．Machines that carry things. C．Workers who collect coral. D．Animals that live in the sea. 4．In the picture CORAL GARDENING, what is the third step? A．Breaking. B．Nursing. C．Planting. D．Collecting. 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce the Big Bag Project. B．To show the hidden beauty of the ocean. C．To teach us how to become an ocean biologist. D．To encourage more people to explore the ocean. 考点02 心理健康、科学认知 （2025·湖北武汉·中考真题）Do you know the five main senses we have? They are touch, taste, sight, smell and hearing. They are controlled by different parts of our brains. So we call the brain our built-in “BeiDou”. Brains help our bodies work smoothly. Try this: close your eyes and touch your nose. It’s easy, right? That’s because our brains can receive messages about where our body parts are. We can also stand on one leg without falling down. If we lose our balance, our brains will give us orders to fix it. ★ . Tests show that people see spider pictures faster than flowers. Some researchers also found that people react (作出反应) to loud noises faster than to a friend’s voice. Scientists aren’t completely sure about the reasons. Some suggest that this skill might come from ancient times. Our ancestors were often faced with predators. So they had to protect themselves from dangerous animals like spiders and tigers, or they would lose their lives. Until today, we still jump at sudden noises or shadows (影子) in dark rooms. Here is more about brains. Can you imagine seeing colors when you hear music, or tasting candy when you see the sunshine? It’s called sense mixing. Scientists think this happens when different senses intermingle (相互交织). Another fact is that temperature sometimes influences our senses. Some people can feel storms coming through knee pain. So we often joke that we’re “human weather apps”. Also, our brains are able to make adjustment (调整) to some senses. If someone can’t see well, his hearing or touch might become stronger. Though scientists have done much research on the brain, there’s still a lot to do. Have you ever wondered why some people are better at sports? What’s the secret to improving memory? Then it’s time for you to start your discovering journey. 1．What do the two examples in the first paragraph show? A．Brains help our bodies work well. B．Human brains are different. C．Humans can touch their noses easily. D．People have many living habits. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．It’s fun to study our ancestors’ life B．It’s easy to learn about senses C．Animals help people in many ways D．Brains are also life-saving heroes 3．Which animal in the following pictures is probably a “predator”? A． B． C． D． 4．According to paragraph 3, what might happen if your senses mix? A．You can tie your shoes without looking. B．You taste sweetness when seeing an apple. C．You jump when someone shouts suddenly. D．You feel pain in your knees before the rain comes. 5．What is the writing purpose of the last paragraph? A．To improve people’s memory. B．To encourage brain studies. C．To show the value of our brains. D．To admire scientists’ efforts. 考点03 人工智能、科技利弊、未来生活 （2024·湖北武汉·中考真题）You may have a house robot that can do housework for you. But is it so smart? Meet Laura, a robot in the National Library in Madrid, Spain, copying out the old books and writings in its collection. See Aurora, a headless dog-sized robot used to keep birds and other animals away at an Alaskan airport. Watch another 1.8 meter-tall legless robot called EveR6, waving its arms to guide musicians through a performance. Those robots above require artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能). AI is a computer system (系统) that can understand languages, make decisions and solve problems. AI can be taught skills using a process called machine learning. Humans give AI information such as books, photos or videos to train it. The more information it studies, the better it can do its job. ________. For example, when you watch TV, AI is watching you. It’ll know what your favorite is and suggest similar ones. In hospitals, AI is very good at suggesting treatments and can even invent new medicines. To cut down food waste, some schools introduce online systems for the students to choose meals ahead of time. In cities, AI is used to watch out for cars that make black smoke. It works together with the police and transportation teams to stop them and keep the air clean. AI can help us fight climate (气候) change by finding clever ways to reduce energy use. Some people worry that AI will take away a large number of jobs and also fear that AI could develop out of our control and bring danger to humans. However, AI is expected to be a more powerful production tool that will help humans achieve more in less time. It is believed that the flying car will be made to offer an easier way out of the morning traffic jam (交通堵塞). Humans imagine AI might even find a way to solve the problems of our energy needs completely. Anyway, there is still a long journey for humans and AI. 1．In which pictures can we see Aurora and EveR6? A．a, c B．b, d C．b, c D．a, d 2．What BIG question does paragraph 2 answer? A．What is AI? B．Why are AI robots made? C．Where is AI used? D．How many AI robots are mentioned? 3．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．AI will be developed rapidly B．Humans depend too much on AI C．Humans wonder if AI could think D．AI has become part of daily life 4．In the future, AI is expected to be able to ________. A．suggest TV programs B．cut down food waste C．invent new medicines D．help produce enough energy 5．What would the author write about after the last paragraph? A．The end of AI. B．The history of AI. C．The way to get along with AI. D．The skill of making AI robots. （一） Lenses (镜片) are useful tools that help us see things more clearly. They are widely used in our daily lives. They help us read small words in books and take clear photos. They are also used to help people who are nearsighted (近视的) or farsighted. Today we’ll talk about two main types: convex and concave lenses. Imagine you’re using a magnifying glass (放大镜) to read small words in a book. What happens when you move the glass closer to the words? The letters get bigger, right? That’s the power of a convex lens. Convex lenses are thicker in the middle and thinner at the sides. They can make passing-through light come together. This is why magnifying glasses, camera lenses, and even the lenses for some old people use convex lenses to see more clearly. To know more about how they work, let’s learn two key terms for convex lenses. When parallel light (平行光线) enter a convex lens, they meet at a single point. That meeting point is the focal point. The distance between the lens and the focal point is the focal length. The thicker the convex lens is, the more strongly it bends light, so its focal length becomes shorter. Different from convex lenses, concave lenses are thinner in the middle and thicker at the sides. When light passes through concave lenses, it spreads out. You can find concave lenses in your daily life. For example, if you are nearsighted, your glasses probably have concave lenses. You are nearsighted because the light entering your eyes does not focus exactly on the retina (视网膜). When you wear glasses with concave lenses, the light spreads out first and then enters the eyes, allowing it to focus correctly on the retina. In this way, you can see things clearly. Lenses are simple but amazing. They make our daily life easier and show us fun science around us. 1．Which of the following have convex lenses according to the text? a. Cameras.    b. Mirrors.    c. Magnifying glasses. d. Nearsighted glasses.        e. Farsighted glasses. A．acd B．ace C．bce D．abd 2．How does a concave lens work? A． B． C． D． 3．If parallel light meets a thinner convex lens, we can know that ________. A．it bends light more strongly B．its focal point lies farther away C．it works like a concave lens D．it fails to gather light together 4．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To tell us how to protect our eyes. B．To give advice on learning physics well. C．To introduce lenses and their science. D．To explain how lenses help eyesight. （二） From a plane, cars moving slowly on the highway look a lot like lines of ants. However, unlike human-driven cars, ants can avoid the annoying stop-and-go traffic jams that trouble daily travel. So researchers start to study ants’ teamwork, hoping to use it to program self-driving cars and prevent traffic jams. As the number of cars on the road increases, the stability (稳定性) of traffic flow drops. Studies show that when there are 15 cars in one lane (道) per mile, a sudden brake (刹车) from one driver can cause serious traffic jams. A physicist says this is like running water turning into ice. Even small actions of one person can quickly become big traffic problems. ★ An earlier research found that ants looking for food can move smoothly even when they are very crowded. A new study showed they usually travel in small groups of 3 to 20, move at a certain speed, keep a proper distance from one another and never try to pass each other. Their behavior depends on teamwork, not personal speed or competition. This smart group behavior teaches human drivers a lesson. A key point is to avoid driving too close to the car in front. Keeping a safe distance can reduce the bad influence of sudden braking in busy traffic. It’s a simple way to keep traffic smooth for everyone, not just for one person’s hurry but for the benefit of all. Of course, ants can move along flexible (灵活的) paths, but cars must stay in fixed lanes. But keeping a proper distance is still very important for road safety and smooth traffic. In the future, technology may bring real changes. As the physicist points out, “Unlike human drivers who often drive alone, future self-driving cars can share real-time information and work as a united system.” Inspired by ants, these cars can make traffic a cooperative (合作) system. We may need to update traffic rules to make this work better. 1．Why does the author include paragraph 2? A．To explain how ants move. B．To show the cause of traffic jams. C．To introduce self-driving cars. D．To compare ants with humans. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．Ants, however, behave differently. B．Traffic jams have become a headache. C．Self-driving cars will solve problems. D．Humans can learn a lot from animals. 3．What lesson does the ant theory teach us in paragraph 4? A．Try to be the first. B．Keep the high driving speed. C．Focus on your own goal. D．Put the group ahead of yourself. 4．Which picture would best show the future traffic from the passage? A．B．C．D． 5．What does the passage mainly introduce? A．Harm of sudden braking in traffic. B．Differences between ants and humans. C．How ants inspire us to solve traffic problems. D．Why teamwork is important in daily life. （三） There’s always one thing that can brighten up a rainy day, and that’s a rainbow (彩虹). Rainbows are simple tricks played by sunlight and raindrops. Raindrops are like tiny, round balls—that’s what makes rainbows possible. When sunlight enters a raindrop, it first bends (折射), then reflects off the inside wall, and finally goes out. On this journey, sunlight breaks into seven colors. Red light bends the least and goes out at 42°, landing on the outer side. Purple light bends the most and goes out at 40°, landing on the inner side. All the other colors—orange, yellow, green, blue, and indigo—spread out in between. When light bends twice inside the drop, a double rainbow can form. And in that second arc (弧), the colors take a turn and appear in the opposite order. Why don’t you see rainbows every time it rains? The Sun must be behind you and no higher than 42° above the horizon (地平线). Only in that condition can light hit the drops just right and reach your eyes. A fogbow (雾虹) is like a rainbow that forgets its colors. Instead of raindrops, it’s made by tiny drops of water in fog or mist. They are so small that sunlight doesn’t bend completely, and it spreads out. This mixes the colors together, creating a large, white fogbow. Fire rainbows aren’t on fire. They’re rainbow-colored clouds. High in the freezing sky, clouds made of ice crystals (冰晶) act like colorful glass. When the Sun climbs above 58°, sunlight hits the crystals just right, bends, and breaks into colors across the sky, like the clouds that catch fire. You can usually see them in summer, within 55 degrees north or south of the equator (赤道). See them, and you’ve caught the sky doing its most magical trick. 1．What makes rainbows possible according to paragraph 1? A．Thick and heavy clouds. B．Tiny ball-like raindrops. C．Clear and blue sky. D．Low temperature. 2．The picture shows how a rainbow forms, so what degree should be in ①? A．42° B．40° C．55° D．58° 3．In which kind of rainbow does red light land on the inner side? A．The single rainbow. B．The double rainbow. C．The fogbow. D．The fire rainbows. 4．According to paragraph 6, what is a necessary condition for fire rainbows to form? A．The Sun is at the horizon. B．There is a big fire in the sky. C．The Sun is higher than 58° above the horizon. D．People must use colorful glass. 5．What does the passage mainly introduce? A．The reflection of light B．How water creates colors. C．Why the Sun is magical. D．Rainbows and their cousins. （四） What time is it? That’s a very good question! From morning until night, clocks help us to plan our day. They tell us when things begin and end. Before clocks, our ancestors used a special tool called sundial to tell time. They placed a stick upright on a flat plate. As the Sun moved across the sky, the stick’s shadow (影子) moved around the plate. In the morning, the shadow was long and pointed to one side. At noon, it was short and pointed straight ahead. In the late afternoon, it grew long again on the other side. The sundial helped them know when to work, when to eat, and when to rest. Today, we know that the Sun doesn’t move around the Earth. The Earth turns on an imaginary line called an axis (轴). As the Earth turns, the Sun seems to be moving across the sky. The time the Earth takes to make one complete turn is one day. ★ . The Earth travels around the Sun. And it needs lots of time to finish one trip. The time it takes is called a year because its orbit (轨道) around the Sun is very huge and long. To be very specific, it takes the Earth 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes, and 12 seconds to go around the Sun. The Earth is divided into 24 time zones. Each time zone is one hour apart from the next time zone. For example, when it is 10:00 a.m. where you live, it is 10:00 p.m. on the opposite side of the world. In two hours, it will be noon where you live, but on the other side of the world, it will be 12:00 at night! Thanks to clocks and calendars, we can tell time very easily. However, it is the movement of the Earth that really allows us to measure time. 1．What does a sundial look like? A． B． C． D． 2．What did people in the past believe about time? A．The Sun moves around the Earth. B．The Earth turns on a hidden line. C．The Earth is the center of the universe. D．The Earth travels around the Sun. 3．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．The Earth moves fast in space. B．The Sun gives us light and heat. C．The Earth takes one day to complete its turn. D．Other movements of the Earth help us know time, too. 4．What can be known about time zones according to paragraph 5? A．Neighboring time zones are half an hour apart. B．Places in the same time zone have the same clock time. C．When it is 8:00 a.m. in Beijing, it is also 8:00 a.m. in Paris. D．The time difference between two opposite time zones is 24 hours. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of clocks and calendars. B．How the Earth’s movements tell time. C．Different time zones around the world. D．Why the Sun seems to move in the sky. （五） According to Ken Croswell, the Sun and the Moon are greatly different in nature and working rules in space. In our daily life, we often have a common idea that the Sun rules the whole daytime sky and the Moon takes charge of the quiet night sky. This simple idea is easy to understand for all people but it is only partially correct and cannot explain the real science behind them. The Sun is a bright and fiery star that shines all the time without stopping. It gives out strong light and heat nonstop in outer space. It brightly lights up the sky during the day when we can clearly see it above our heads, and it still keeps shining brightly even at night when we turn away from it and cannot catch sight of it at all. As the Earth keeps spinning (自转) slowly and steadily all year round, different areas will face the Sun one after another. When our place turns to face the Sun directly, warm and bright daytime comes to us. When the Earth’s spin turns our area away from the Sun, we will fall into the Earth’s shadow, and then peaceful night arrives. At the same time, people living on the opposite side of the Earth are facing the bright Sun, so they enjoy sunny daytime while we stay in dark night. The Moon is a totally different celestial body (天体) compared with the Sun. Unlike the powerful Sun, the Moon has no ability to produce light by itself. The soft moonlight we see every night is not made by the Moon itself. It is actually the bright sunlight that hits the surface of the Moon and reflects back to the Earth for us to see. The Sun can only light up the single side of the Moon that is close to and faces the Sun directly. At Full Moon, the Moon stays on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun. The whole side of the Moon facing the Earth is fully lit up. It rises at sunset, shines all night long and sets at sunrise. Its light is bright enough to be seen in the daytime. Near Full Moon, we can spot it in the east afternoon or west morning. The New Moon is the hardest to see, as it lies between the Earth and the Sun, leaving its Earth-facing side totally dark to our eyes. 1．What can we know about the Sun? A．The Sun rules the Moon all the time. B．The Sun shines during both day and night. C．The Sun lights up all sides of the Moon. D．The Sun shines everywhere at the same time. 2．Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the word “shadow” in Paragraph 3? A．The shape of the Earth. B．The force from the Sun. C．The dark area on the Earth. D．The opposite side of the Sun. 3．Which of the following pictures shows us New Moon? A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following can make its own light? A．Earth. B．Mars. C．Moon. D．Sun. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To compare the sizes of the Sun and the Moon. B．To explain the Sun and Moon’s nature and rules. C．To correct misunderstandings about day and night. D．To describe the Moon’s effects on daily life. （六） Have you ever noticed that your mind feels more active after doing exercise? A group of scientists from University College London did a study on this interesting phenomenon (现象). Their research looks at how physical activity influences our brains, and it pays special attention to older people. Surprisingly, they discovered that the positive effects of exercise can stay with us until the following day. In the study, 76 people aged 50 to 83 participated (参加) in different physical activities. These activities — such as fast walking, dancing, and climbing stairs—made their hearts beat faster. The scientists discovered that after doing these activities, the participants felt more active the next day. They not only paid attention better but also slept better and more peacefully. This is important because good sleep helps us think clearly and remember things well. The study also showed that sitting more and moving less led to worse thinking skills the next day. That means if you don’t exercise much, your brain might feel a bit fuzzy and less active. ★ ? When we move our bodies and make our hearts beat faster, more oxygen and nutrients (营养物) reach our brains. This helps our brains work better. Exercise also makes our bodies produce special brain chemicals. These chemicals help us feel happier and think more clearly. According to the study, you don’t need to go to a gym or follow a strict exercise plan to get these benefits (益处). Simple activities — like playing sports, riding a bike, or even having a dance party in your room — can help keep your mind active. Mikaela Bloomberg, one of the researchers, says that staying active is easy to do. For students, exercise can help them focus better in class and remember study materials more easily. It’s suggested that kids and teenagers should get at least 60 minutes of physical activity every day. It can be anything you enjoy, like playing outside with friends or joining a sports club. So, next time you feel tired or can’t focus, what will you do to feel more active and energetic? 1．What is the surprising discovery of the study? A．Older people need more exercise than young people. B．The good effects of exercise can last until the next day. C．Exercise helps old people sleep better than young people. D．Physical activities have little influence on people’s brains. 2．What does the underlined word “fuzzy” probably mean? A．Uncomfortable. B．Energetic. C．Unclear. D．Calm. 3．Which question can be put at “ ★ ” in the text? A．But why is exercise good for our brains B．Then what kind of exercise is best for students C．And what chemicals can help people feel better D．So, how do we get enough oxygen and nutrients 4．What does the researcher say about staying active? A．It is difficult for most people to stick to. B．It is easy to do through simple activities. C．It requires a strict gym plan and much time. D．Students need to do more exercise to stay active. 5．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．How to get better sleep at night B．Studies on teenagers’ learning habits C．Different kinds of daily exercise D．Why exercise makes our brains active （七） Honeybees are small but intelligent insects with a special way to communicate—dance language. When a worker bee finds a lot of nectar (花蜜) or pollen (花粉), it returns to the hive (蜂巢) and performs a “waggle dance” to tell nestmates where the food is, how far it is, and how good it tastes. This amazing dance was first studied and understood by Austrian scientist Karl Von Frisch in the 1940s, who won the Nobel Prize for this discovery. The dance has two main parts: a straight “waggle run” and a “round return”. The angle (角) between the “waggle run” and Earth’s pull tells the direction of the food—straight up (0°) means the food is toward the sun, while a 30° left angle means the food is 30° left of the sun. How long the “waggle run” lasts tells how far away the food is. For European honeybees, one second of waggle usually means the food is about 1 kilometer away. How hard the bee waggles and how many times it repeats the dance show how good the food is—more active waggles mean sweeter nectar. When food is very close (less than 50 meters), bees perform a simpler “round dance” instead of a “waggle dance”. Chinese researchers from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden recently made an important discovery: bees must learn this dance from adult bees at an early age. Young bees without teaching from adult bees dance with obvious mistakes. This proves that social learning is the key to bee communication. Bees also use special smells and sounds to support their dance language. This way of communicating works correctly 90—98% of the time, helping the whole group of bees work efficiently. Without this amazing language, honeybees couldn’t live as group-living insects. 1．Why do bees perform a “waggle dance”? A．To communicate with other bees. B．To tell the direction of the food. C．To find a lot of nectar. D．To learn from the adult bees. 2．In which angle should the bee’s “waggle run” be if the food is 45° right of the sun? A．0°. B．45° to the right. C．30° to the left. D．45° to the left. 3．When will honeybees perform a “round dance”? A．When the food is over 1 kilometer away. B．When the food can be found nearby. C．When the food doesn’t taste sweet enough. D．When there are no nestmates around. 4．What did Chinese researchers find out about bees’ dance language? A．Adult bees are born, skilled dancers. B．Bees can use special smells to tell the taste of the nectar. C．Young bees don’t make mistakes at all with the help of adult bees. D．Learning from adult bees matters for communication. 5．What does the passage mainly introduce? A．Karl Von Frisch’s Nobel Prize research. B．How honeybees live in groups. C．The amazing dance language of honeybees. D．Why nectar is important for honeybees. （八） What’s a movie night like without a bowl of hot, buttery popcorn? It has been a world-favorite snack for centuries. Few people think about the science behind the “pop” that turns hard seeds (种子) into soft, fluffy (蓬松的) popcorn. In fact, the secret lies in its special seed structure. Popcorn seeds may seem completely dry outside, but there is more to them. Inside every seed, there is a bit of water circled by a hard shell. When heated, the water inside quickly turns into steam. Because the shell is strong and does not let air pass through easily, the steam (水蒸气) cannot get out and pressure inside the seed rises rapidly, much like a mini pressure cooker. At about 180℃, the shell can no longer hold the pressure. That’s when the magic happens. The shell breaks suddenly with a sharp “pop”. The steam rushes out, and the soft white part inside expands (膨胀) into the soft popcorn you love to eat. This whole process takes just a very short time. Not all corn can do this trick. Only one special type—called popping corn—has a shell thick enough to hold the pressure. Other types have shells that are too thin, or insides that are too dry. Interestingly, not all popcorn pops into the same shape. There are two main types: “butterfly” and “mushroom”. Butterfly popcorn has broken “wings” and is light and crispy—perfect for movie theaters. Mushroom popcorn is round and hard, so it can better carry sweet or salty coatings without breaking. So it is widely used for tasty popcorn. Popcorn is not just a modern snack. Scientists have found popcorn over 5,600 years old in caves in Mexico. Ancient people heated seeds on hot sand to make them pop. Although ways of popping have changed, the little “pop” still brings joy to people everywhere. 1．What can we know about popcorn seeds from Paragraph 2? A．They are completely dry inside. B．They each have a little water inside. C．Their shells are easy to break. D．They can stand very high pressure forever. 2．What will happen to ① in the picture when the seeds are heated? A．The shell breaking with a sudden “pop”. B．The seed cooling down after popping. C．The soft inside becoming really hard. D．Water turning into steam and pressure rising. 3．According to Paragraph 4, what kind of corn can be made into popcorn? A．Special popping corn. B．All corn works well. C．Corn with a thin shell. D．Corn with dry insides. 4．How does mushroom popcorn differ from butterfly popcorn? A．It is only used for common popcorn. B．It has wings that stick out and is crispier. C．It is lighter and more often used in theaters. D．It has a round shape and holds coatings better. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the ways to cook popcorn. B．To explain the science and types of popcorn. C．To show the history of snacks around the world. D．To compare popcorn with other kinds of corn. （九） More and more young people in China are using apps like Xianyu to buy and sell second-hand goods, such as clothes, books, and electronics. They prefer this flexible (灵活的) trading way to make full use of unused things and meet their daily needs easily. Second-hand trading has become a big hit. There are several reasons for its rise. First, it saves money. Students can buy used textbooks at half price, and fashion lovers can find cheap but fashionable clothes. Second, it is environmentally friendly. Making new products uses many natural resources (资源) and creates pollution. By reusing old things, we reduce waste and help protect our planet. Third, it creates a sharing economy (经济). Things that are no longer needed can find new owners instead of being thrown away. This smart way of living is called “circular (循环的) economy”. ★ The quality of used things is not always good. Sometimes, a “like new” phone may have hidden problems, such as a broken screen. Also, dishonest sellers may cheat buyers by sending fake or broken goods. Without careful checking, buyers can lose money and feel annoyed. Therefore, experts advise people to check product photos carefully, read other buyers’ reviews and always use the app’s official payment system. These effective measures can greatly avoid most common trading risks and protect users’ rights. To trade safely, follow these tips. Always ask the seller for real pictures taken at different views. Compare prices from different sellers. It’s never too careful to make a deal in a quite low price. After receiving the object, check it right away. If something is wrong, get in touch with customer service and ask for a refund (退款). In conclusion, second-hand trading is both money-saving and eco-friendly. When done carefully, it benefits everyone — buyers, sellers, and the Earth. As more young people choose the popular way, our society will become less wasteful and more responsible. 1．Why is second-hand trading good for the environment? A．It creates a flexible trading way. B．It lowers the price of textbooks. C．It reduces waste and saves resources. D．It helps fashion lovers find clothes. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．However, second-hand trading also has some risks. B．Besides, it creates a sharing economy and a more wasteful society. C．Most goods are usually in perfect condition with no hidden problems. D．Dishonest sellers never cheat buyers on second-hand trading apps. 3．What can we know from the underlined sentence? A．It’s better to make a deal in off-line markets. B．The sellers sometimes offer low prices to cheat buyers. C．In some buyers’ eyes, high prices mean good quality. D．The sellers always tell the truth about their products. 4．What is the writer’s opinion about second-hand trading? A．People should never buy used goods. B．It doesn’t matter whether people do it or not. C．Though it is good, people must be careful. D．It’s not necessary to worry about its safety. 5．What is the writing purpose of the passage? A．To compare different second-hand trading apps. B．To teach us how to use apps like Xianyu. C．To warn people about the danger of online shopping. D．To introduce popular second-hand trading. （十） What can trees tell us about climate change? Trees can record Earth’s climate for hundreds or even thousands of years. When you look at a tree stump (树桩), you may see many rings on its top. These rings tell us two things: the tree’s age and the weather conditions during each year of its life. Each year, a tree produces a pair of rings – one light and one dark. The light-colored ring grows in spring and early summer, when the tree grows quickly. The dark ring grows in late summer and fall, when growth slows down. One light ring plus one dark ring makes one year of the tree’s life. Tree rings are a natural record of climate. In warm and wet years, the rings are usually wider because the tree grows more. In cold or dry years, the rings are thinner – sometimes so thin that they are hard to see without any help. Scientists have found that during a serious drought (干旱), a tree may hardly grow at all. Trees can also remember other events, such as a forest fire, which leaves a noticeable scar (疤痕) on the rings. Most weather records kept by humans only go back 100 to 150 years. That is not long enough to understand long-term climate change. But with tree rings, scientists can “read” the climate hundreds or even thousands of years into the past. By comparing tree rings from different areas and different times, they can discover patterns of wet and dry periods and even large forest fires. In this way, trees serve as nature’s diaries. They do not just tell us how old they are — they tell us the story of our planet’s changing climate long before thermometers (温度计)! 1．What may tree rings help us learn according to the passage? A．The height of the tree. B．The age of the tree. C．The number of trees. D．The color change of trees. 2．Which picture may show the tree ring in a warmer and wetter year? A． B． C． D． 3．What happens during a serious drought? A．Tree rings grow wider. B．The tree grows very little. C．The color of the light ring changes. D．A scar may appear on the rings. 4．Why do scientists study tree rings? A．To find out when a tree will die. B．To stop forest fires from happening. C．To learn about climate before weather records. D．To measure the height of ancient trees. 5．What does the passage mainly write about? A．Stories behind tree rings. B．How climate changes. C．Why trees grow fast in Spring. D．Diaries and records. 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解之说明文 3年真题1年模拟 年份 主题 话题 命题猜测 2026年中考真题 海洋生态、生物保护、环保实践。 介绍海洋探索难点、珊瑚培育四步法、公众海洋保护志愿项目 文体与篇幅：固定科普说明文，300 词左右，每年设置段落挖空句（还原类题型）、图文流程匹配题，跨学科融合生物、科技、生理知识。 五大必考题型（5 道单选） ①细节定位（步骤、数据、事例）；②段落主旨 / 挖空衔接句；③划线词义猜测（熟词生义、比喻词）；④推理判断（写作意图、后文内容）；⑤全文主旨。 选材轮换逻辑：前沿科技（2024）→人体科学（2025）→自然生态（2026），严格对应新课标「人与自我、人与社会、人与自然」三大主题循环。 难度特征：生词、专业术语增多，侧重逻辑推演、流程梳理，答案极少原文原句照搬，是区分中等生与优等生的篇目。 育人导向：普及科学思维，倡导探索、环保、理性看待科技发展。 2025年中考真题 人体生理、心理健康、科学认知。 把大脑比作人体北斗，解析感官联动、危险应激本能、感官互通现象 2024年中考真题 人工智能、科技利弊、未来生活。 介绍多款 AI 机器人应用场景，讲解机器学习原理，探讨 AI 便利与就业、安全隐患 考点01 海洋生态、生物保护、环保实践 （2026·湖北武汉·中考真题） The ocean covers most of our planet, yet we know very little about it. Our ocean is as mysterious as it is beautiful. In fact, we have better maps of Mars than we do of the ocean floor. Why? Exploring (探索) the ocean is a really hard job. There’s a lot of ocean—about 1.4 billion trillion litres (升). That’s 1,400,000,000,000,000,000,000! ★ . One of their most important goals is to learn about coral reefs (珊瑚礁), which are home to lots of sea plants and animals. Do you know that coral is an animal, not a plant? Tiny animals called polyps (珊瑚虫) build the hard part of the coral as a home to live in. They are called “architects” in the ocean. However, many coral reefs around the world are in danger. That’s where a clever method called “coral gardening” comes in—giving reefs a second chance. Here’s how it works in four steps: First, scientists collect small pieces of coral from coral reefs. Then they break them into even smaller ones—tiny pieces grow faster. After that, they place the pieces in lab-controlled or underwater nurseries (苗圃), where tiny pieces are taken good care of. Finally, once strong enough, they are planted onto rock or man-made reefs so that they can grow on their own. A typical example is the L-shaped Reef. Since 1982, scientists have placed old subway cars into the sea. These strange “homes” have created a huge man-made reef. Now, polyps and fish are moving in! To know more about the ocean, a volunteer, Paul Green started the Big Bag Project in 2025. It calls on beach visitors to help collect information on plastics and water temperature through a bag which is connected with an app. Next time you go to the beach, take a bag, pick up some rubbish, and have a closer connection with the ocean. 1．What does the number in paragraph 1 tell us about the ocean? A．How much salt there is. B．How cold the deep ocean is. C．How large the ocean is. D．How many sea plants there are. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．Some sea animals are making a comeback B．The ocean is full of wonders to be discovered C．But many scientists are taking on this challenge D．So protecting the ocean is everyone’s responsibility 3．What does the underlined word “architects” mean? A．People who build houses. B．Machines that carry things. C．Workers who collect coral. D．Animals that live in the sea. 4．In the picture CORAL GARDENING, what is the third step? A．Breaking. B．Nursing. C．Planting. D．Collecting. 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce the Big Bag Project. B．To show the hidden beauty of the ocean. C．To teach us how to become an ocean biologist. D．To encourage more people to explore the ocean. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海洋的神秘性和探索难度，以及科学家通过“珊瑚园艺”和公众参与的“Big Bag Project”来研究保护海洋的方法。 1．文章第一段指出“There’s a lot of ocean—about 1.4 billion trillion litres.”，直接说明这个数字告诉我们海洋有多大。 2．文章第一段提到探索海洋是一项艰难的工作，第二段指出“One of their most important goals is to learn about coral reefs”，科学家们的重要目标是了解珊瑚礁。由此推断，空白处应填入“但是许多科学家正在接受这一挑战”来承上启下。 3．文章第四段指出“Tiny animals called polyps build the hard part of the coral as a home to live in. They are called ‘architects’ in the ocean.”，珊瑚虫建造珊瑚的坚硬部分作为居住的家，就像人类建造房屋一样。由此推断，“architects”意为“建造房屋的人”。 4．文章第五段介绍了珊瑚园艺的四个步骤，并结合图片，可知步骤为：收集→破碎→育苗→种植。第三步是“place the pieces in lab-controlled or underwater nurseries, where tiny pieces are taken good care of”，即育苗（nursing）。 5．文章介绍了探索海洋的困难、科学家的努力以及普通人通过Big Bag Project参与保护海洋的方式。由此推断，作者的主要目的是鼓励更多人探索海洋。 考点02 心理健康、科学认知 （2025·湖北武汉·中考真题）Do you know the five main senses we have? They are touch, taste, sight, smell and hearing. They are controlled by different parts of our brains. So we call the brain our built-in “BeiDou”. Brains help our bodies work smoothly. Try this: close your eyes and touch your nose. It’s easy, right? That’s because our brains can receive messages about where our body parts are. We can also stand on one leg without falling down. If we lose our balance, our brains will give us orders to fix it. ★ . Tests show that people see spider pictures faster than flowers. Some researchers also found that people react (作出反应) to loud noises faster than to a friend’s voice. Scientists aren’t completely sure about the reasons. Some suggest that this skill might come from ancient times. Our ancestors were often faced with predators. So they had to protect themselves from dangerous animals like spiders and tigers, or they would lose their lives. Until today, we still jump at sudden noises or shadows (影子) in dark rooms. Here is more about brains. Can you imagine seeing colors when you hear music, or tasting candy when you see the sunshine? It’s called sense mixing. Scientists think this happens when different senses intermingle (相互交织). Another fact is that temperature sometimes influences our senses. Some people can feel storms coming through knee pain. So we often joke that we’re “human weather apps”. Also, our brains are able to make adjustment (调整) to some senses. If someone can’t see well, his hearing or touch might become stronger. Though scientists have done much research on the brain, there’s still a lot to do. Have you ever wondered why some people are better at sports? What’s the secret to improving memory? Then it’s time for you to start your discovering journey. 1．What do the two examples in the first paragraph show? A．Brains help our bodies work well. B．Human brains are different. C．Humans can touch their noses easily. D．People have many living habits. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．It’s fun to study our ancestors’ life B．It’s easy to learn about senses C．Animals help people in many ways D．Brains are also life-saving heroes 3．Which animal in the following pictures is probably a “predator”? A． B． C． D． 4．According to paragraph 3, what might happen if your senses mix? A．You can tie your shoes without looking. B．You taste sweetness when seeing an apple. C．You jump when someone shouts suddenly. D．You feel pain in your knees before the rain comes. 5．What is the writing purpose of the last paragraph? A．To improve people’s memory. B．To encourage brain studies. C．To show the value of our brains. D．To admire scientists’ efforts. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类大脑的多种功能及其对感官的调控作用。 1．细节理解题。根据“Brains help our bodies work smoothly. Try this: close your eyes and touch your nose. It’s easy, right? That’s because our brains can receive messages about where our body parts are. We can also stand on one leg without falling down. If we lose our balance, our brains will give us orders to fix it.”可知，第一段中的两个例子表明大脑帮助我们的身体正常工作。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“Tests show that people see spider pictures faster than flowers. Some researchers also found that people react to loud noises faster than to a friend’s voice. Scientists aren’t completely sure about the reasons. Some suggest that this skill might come from ancient times. Our ancestors were often faced with predators. So they had to protect themselves from dangerous animals like spiders and tigers, or they would lose their lives.”可知，此段主要讲大脑在面对危险时能快速做出反应，保护我们的生命，所以选项D“大脑也是救命英雄”可以放在★处，作为此段的主题句。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Some suggest that this skill might come from ancient times. Our ancestors were often faced with predators. So they had to protect themselves from dangerous animals like spiders and tigers, or they would lose their lives.”可知，祖先常常面临捕食者，所以他们必须保护自己免受蜘蛛和老虎等危险动物的伤害，否则就会丧命。由此可推测出，捕食者指的是危险动物，会捕食其他动物。选项A老虎符合题意。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Can you imagine seeing colors when you hear music, or tasting candy when you see the sunshine? It’s called sense mixing.”可知，感官混合是指当你听到音乐时能看到颜色，或者当你看到阳光时能尝到糖果的味道。因此，如果你的感官混合了，你可能会在看到苹果时尝到甜味。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Though scientists have done much research on the brain, there’s still a lot to do. Have you ever wondered why some people are better at sports? What’s the secret to improving memory? Then it’s time for you to start your discovering journey.”可知，最后一段的写作目的是鼓励读者继续探索大脑的奥秘，进行大脑研究。故选B。 考点03 人工智能、科技利弊、未来生活 （2024·湖北武汉·中考真题）You may have a house robot that can do housework for you. But is it so smart? Meet Laura, a robot in the National Library in Madrid, Spain, copying out the old books and writings in its collection. See Aurora, a headless dog-sized robot used to keep birds and other animals away at an Alaskan airport. Watch another 1.8 meter-tall legless robot called EveR6, waving its arms to guide musicians through a performance. Those robots above require artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能). AI is a computer system (系统) that can understand languages, make decisions and solve problems. AI can be taught skills using a process called machine learning. Humans give AI information such as books, photos or videos to train it. The more information it studies, the better it can do its job. ________. For example, when you watch TV, AI is watching you. It’ll know what your favorite is and suggest similar ones. In hospitals, AI is very good at suggesting treatments and can even invent new medicines. To cut down food waste, some schools introduce online systems for the students to choose meals ahead of time. In cities, AI is used to watch out for cars that make black smoke. It works together with the police and transportation teams to stop them and keep the air clean. AI can help us fight climate (气候) change by finding clever ways to reduce energy use. Some people worry that AI will take away a large number of jobs and also fear that AI could develop out of our control and bring danger to humans. However, AI is expected to be a more powerful production tool that will help humans achieve more in less time. It is believed that the flying car will be made to offer an easier way out of the morning traffic jam (交通堵塞). Humans imagine AI might even find a way to solve the problems of our energy needs completely. Anyway, there is still a long journey for humans and AI. 1．In which pictures can we see Aurora and EveR6? A．a, c B．b, d C．b, c D．a, d 2．What BIG question does paragraph 2 answer? A．What is AI? B．Why are AI robots made? C．Where is AI used? D．How many AI robots are mentioned? 3．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．AI will be developed rapidly B．Humans depend too much on AI C．Humans wonder if AI could think D．AI has become part of daily life 4．In the future, AI is expected to be able to ________. A．suggest TV programs B．cut down food waste C．invent new medicines D．help produce enough energy 5．What would the author write about after the last paragraph? A．The end of AI. B．The history of AI. C．The way to get along with AI. D．The skill of making AI robots. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．C 【解析】本文主要介绍人工智能的优缺点。 1．细节理解题。根据“See Aurora, a headless dog-sized robot used to keep birds and other animals away at an Alaskan airport. Watch another 1.8 meter-tall legless robot called EveR6, waving its arms to guide musicians through a performance.”可知，Aurora是一个无头狗大小的机器人，在阿拉斯加机场用来驱赶鸟类和其他动物；EveR6挥舞着手臂引导音乐家完成表演。故选B。 2．段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，主要介绍人工智能是什么以及学习方式。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据后面举例内容可知，主要介绍人工智能应用在什么领域，选项D“人工智能已经成为日常生活的一部分”符合语境，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Humans imagine AI might even find a way to solve the problems of our energy needs completely.”可知，人类想象人工智能甚至可以找到一种完全解决我们能源需求问题的方法。所以未来人工智能有望帮助生产足够的能源。故选D。 5．推理判断题。最后一段讲述人工智能的问题和未来可能的发展，所以接下来可能会谈论与人工智能相处的方式，故选C。 （一） Lenses (镜片) are useful tools that help us see things more clearly. They are widely used in our daily lives. They help us read small words in books and take clear photos. They are also used to help people who are nearsighted (近视的) or farsighted. Today we’ll talk about two main types: convex and concave lenses. Imagine you’re using a magnifying glass (放大镜) to read small words in a book. What happens when you move the glass closer to the words? The letters get bigger, right? That’s the power of a convex lens. Convex lenses are thicker in the middle and thinner at the sides. They can make passing-through light come together. This is why magnifying glasses, camera lenses, and even the lenses for some old people use convex lenses to see more clearly. To know more about how they work, let’s learn two key terms for convex lenses. When parallel light (平行光线) enter a convex lens, they meet at a single point. That meeting point is the focal point. The distance between the lens and the focal point is the focal length. The thicker the convex lens is, the more strongly it bends light, so its focal length becomes shorter. Different from convex lenses, concave lenses are thinner in the middle and thicker at the sides. When light passes through concave lenses, it spreads out. You can find concave lenses in your daily life. For example, if you are nearsighted, your glasses probably have concave lenses. You are nearsighted because the light entering your eyes does not focus exactly on the retina (视网膜). When you wear glasses with concave lenses, the light spreads out first and then enters the eyes, allowing it to focus correctly on the retina. In this way, you can see things clearly. Lenses are simple but amazing. They make our daily life easier and show us fun science around us. 1．Which of the following have convex lenses according to the text? a. Cameras.    b. Mirrors.    c. Magnifying glasses. d. Nearsighted glasses.        e. Farsighted glasses. A．acd B．ace C．bce D．abd 2．How does a concave lens work? A． B． C． D． 3．If parallel light meets a thinner convex lens, we can know that ________. A．it bends light more strongly B．its focal point lies farther away C．it works like a concave lens D．it fails to gather light together 4．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To tell us how to protect our eyes. B．To give advice on learning physics well. C．To introduce lenses and their science. D．To explain how lenses help eyesight. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了透镜的用途，重点讲解了凸透镜和凹透镜的结构、光学原理及在生活中的应用，展现了透镜里的趣味科学。 1．根据原文第二段“This is why magnifying glasses, camera lenses, and even the lenses for some old people use convex lenses to see more clearly.”其中“camera lenses” 对应选项a（Cameras），“magnifying glasses”对应选项c（Magnifying glasses），“lenses for some old people”对应选项e（Farsighted glasses，老花镜即远视镜）。 2．根据原文第四段“When light passes through concave lenses, it spreads out.”凹透镜会使光线发散，且凹透镜的形状是“中间薄、边缘厚”。选项D的图示符合“中间薄边缘厚的透镜+光线通过后发散”的特点。 3．根据原文第三段“The thicker the convex lens is, the more strongly it bends light, so its focal length becomes shorter.”由此可知：凸透镜越厚，聚光能力越强，焦距越短；反之，凸透镜越薄，聚光能力越弱，焦距越长（焦点离透镜更远）。因此选B（its focal point lies farther away）。 4．文章结构为“总-分-总”：P1（总）：引出透镜，介绍其用途并点明要讲凸透镜和凹透镜。P2-P3（分）：分别介绍凸透镜的特点、凸透镜的关键术语；P4介绍凹透镜的特点。P5（总）：总结透镜的作用与意义。选项B的图示对应 “总起-分述2点-总结”的结构。 5．文章从透镜的用途引入，详细介绍了凸透镜、凹透镜的结构、原理及生活应用，核心目的是向读者介绍透镜及其相关科学知识（To introduce lenses and their science）。 （二） From a plane, cars moving slowly on the highway look a lot like lines of ants. However, unlike human-driven cars, ants can avoid the annoying stop-and-go traffic jams that trouble daily travel. So researchers start to study ants’ teamwork, hoping to use it to program self-driving cars and prevent traffic jams. As the number of cars on the road increases, the stability (稳定性) of traffic flow drops. Studies show that when there are 15 cars in one lane (道) per mile, a sudden brake (刹车) from one driver can cause serious traffic jams. A physicist says this is like running water turning into ice. Even small actions of one person can quickly become big traffic problems. ★ An earlier research found that ants looking for food can move smoothly even when they are very crowded. A new study showed they usually travel in small groups of 3 to 20, move at a certain speed, keep a proper distance from one another and never try to pass each other. Their behavior depends on teamwork, not personal speed or competition. This smart group behavior teaches human drivers a lesson. A key point is to avoid driving too close to the car in front. Keeping a safe distance can reduce the bad influence of sudden braking in busy traffic. It’s a simple way to keep traffic smooth for everyone, not just for one person’s hurry but for the benefit of all. Of course, ants can move along flexible (灵活的) paths, but cars must stay in fixed lanes. But keeping a proper distance is still very important for road safety and smooth traffic. In the future, technology may bring real changes. As the physicist points out, “Unlike human drivers who often drive alone, future self-driving cars can share real-time information and work as a united system.” Inspired by ants, these cars can make traffic a cooperative (合作) system. We may need to update traffic rules to make this work better. 1．Why does the author include paragraph 2? A．To explain how ants move. B．To show the cause of traffic jams. C．To introduce self-driving cars. D．To compare ants with humans. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．Ants, however, behave differently. B．Traffic jams have become a headache. C．Self-driving cars will solve problems. D．Humans can learn a lot from animals. 3．What lesson does the ant theory teach us in paragraph 4? A．Try to be the first. B．Keep the high driving speed. C．Focus on your own goal. D．Put the group ahead of yourself. 4．Which picture would best show the future traffic from the passage? A．B．C．D． 5．What does the passage mainly introduce? A．Harm of sudden braking in traffic. B．Differences between ants and humans. C．How ants inspire us to solve traffic problems. D．Why teamwork is important in daily life. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．C 【解析】本文主要介绍蚂蚁的团队通行行为可以有效规避拥堵，科学家从中获得启发，研究利用蚂蚁的团队合作原理优化自动驾驶汽车，以此解决人类交通拥堵问题。 1．第二段介绍了交通拥堵的成因：“A physicist says this is like running water turning into ice. Even small actions of one person can quickly become big traffic problems.”，说明本段主要是为了说明交通拥堵产生的原因。 2．第三段空格前文讲述人类交通容易拥堵，后文讲述蚂蚁群体通行却十分顺畅，A选项承接上文人类交通的弊端，引出蚂蚁截然不同的通行方式，起到承上启下的作用。 3．第四段点明蚂蚁行为带给人类的启示：“It’s a simple way to keep traffic smooth for everyone, not just for one person’s hurry but for the benefit of all.”，说明我们要以集体利益为重，将团队放在个人前面。 4．最后一段讲述未来自动驾驶汽车可以共享实时信息、协同运行，形成合作的交通体系，由此可推断未来交通是车辆相互配合、有序通行的状态。 5．全文围绕蚂蚁通行的优势展开，讲述人类从蚂蚁团队行为中获得启发，用来解决交通拥堵难题，点明文章核心主旨。 （三） There’s always one thing that can brighten up a rainy day, and that’s a rainbow (彩虹). Rainbows are simple tricks played by sunlight and raindrops. Raindrops are like tiny, round balls—that’s what makes rainbows possible. When sunlight enters a raindrop, it first bends (折射), then reflects off the inside wall, and finally goes out. On this journey, sunlight breaks into seven colors. Red light bends the least and goes out at 42°, landing on the outer side. Purple light bends the most and goes out at 40°, landing on the inner side. All the other colors—orange, yellow, green, blue, and indigo—spread out in between. When light bends twice inside the drop, a double rainbow can form. And in that second arc (弧), the colors take a turn and appear in the opposite order. Why don’t you see rainbows every time it rains? The Sun must be behind you and no higher than 42° above the horizon (地平线). Only in that condition can light hit the drops just right and reach your eyes. A fogbow (雾虹) is like a rainbow that forgets its colors. Instead of raindrops, it’s made by tiny drops of water in fog or mist. They are so small that sunlight doesn’t bend completely, and it spreads out. This mixes the colors together, creating a large, white fogbow. Fire rainbows aren’t on fire. They’re rainbow-colored clouds. High in the freezing sky, clouds made of ice crystals (冰晶) act like colorful glass. When the Sun climbs above 58°, sunlight hits the crystals just right, bends, and breaks into colors across the sky, like the clouds that catch fire. You can usually see them in summer, within 55 degrees north or south of the equator (赤道). See them, and you’ve caught the sky doing its most magical trick. 1．What makes rainbows possible according to paragraph 1? A．Thick and heavy clouds. B．Tiny ball-like raindrops. C．Clear and blue sky. D．Low temperature. 2．The picture shows how a rainbow forms, so what degree should be in ①? A．42° B．40° C．55° D．58° 3．In which kind of rainbow does red light land on the inner side? A．The single rainbow. B．The double rainbow. C．The fogbow. D．The fire rainbows. 4．According to paragraph 6, what is a necessary condition for fire rainbows to form? A．The Sun is at the horizon. B．There is a big fire in the sky. C．The Sun is higher than 58° above the horizon. D．People must use colorful glass. 5．What does the passage mainly introduce? A．The reflection of light B．How water creates colors. C．Why the Sun is magical. D．Rainbows and their cousins. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了彩虹及其“亲属”现象（如双彩虹、雾虹和火彩虹）的形成原理、颜色排列顺序以及观测这些现象所需的特定条件。 1．第一段提到：“Raindrops are like tiny, round balls—that’s what makes rainbows possible.”，这直接说明了像微小圆球一样的雨滴是彩虹形成的必要条件。 2．第二段提到：“Red light bends the least and goes out at 42°, landing on the outer side. Purple light bends the most and goes out at 40°, landing on the inner side.”。结合图片可知，①指向彩虹外侧的红光，②指向内侧的紫光，因此①对应的度数应为42°。 3．第三段提到双彩虹时说明：“…in that second arc, the colors take a turn and appear in the opposite order.”。在普通彩虹中红光位于外侧，而双彩虹的第二道弧颜色顺序相反，因此红光会出现在内侧。 4．第六段提到：“When the Sun climbs above 58°, sunlight hits the crystals just right…”。文中明确指出，只有当太阳高度角超过58°时，阳光才能以正确的角度照射冰晶形成火彩虹，这是其形成的必要物理条件。 5．文章前四段介绍了普通彩虹和双彩虹的原理及条件，第五、六段分别引申介绍了雾虹和火彩虹。综合全篇，文章主要介绍了彩虹及其相关类似现象。 （四） What time is it? That’s a very good question! From morning until night, clocks help us to plan our day. They tell us when things begin and end. Before clocks, our ancestors used a special tool called sundial to tell time. They placed a stick upright on a flat plate. As the Sun moved across the sky, the stick’s shadow (影子) moved around the plate. In the morning, the shadow was long and pointed to one side. At noon, it was short and pointed straight ahead. In the late afternoon, it grew long again on the other side. The sundial helped them know when to work, when to eat, and when to rest. Today, we know that the Sun doesn’t move around the Earth. The Earth turns on an imaginary line called an axis (轴). As the Earth turns, the Sun seems to be moving across the sky. The time the Earth takes to make one complete turn is one day. ★ . The Earth travels around the Sun. And it needs lots of time to finish one trip. The time it takes is called a year because its orbit (轨道) around the Sun is very huge and long. To be very specific, it takes the Earth 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes, and 12 seconds to go around the Sun. The Earth is divided into 24 time zones. Each time zone is one hour apart from the next time zone. For example, when it is 10:00 a.m. where you live, it is 10:00 p.m. on the opposite side of the world. In two hours, it will be noon where you live, but on the other side of the world, it will be 12:00 at night! Thanks to clocks and calendars, we can tell time very easily. However, it is the movement of the Earth that really allows us to measure time. 1．What does a sundial look like? A． B． C． D． 2．What did people in the past believe about time? A．The Sun moves around the Earth. B．The Earth turns on a hidden line. C．The Earth is the center of the universe. D．The Earth travels around the Sun. 3．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．The Earth moves fast in space. B．The Sun gives us light and heat. C．The Earth takes one day to complete its turn. D．Other movements of the Earth help us know time, too. 4．What can be known about time zones according to paragraph 5? A．Neighboring time zones are half an hour apart. B．Places in the same time zone have the same clock time. C．When it is 8:00 a.m. in Beijing, it is also 8:00 a.m. in Paris. D．The time difference between two opposite time zones is 24 hours. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of clocks and calendars. B．How the Earth’s movements tell time. C．Different time zones around the world. D．Why the Sun seems to move in the sky. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．B 【解析】本文介绍了人们用时钟和日历测量时间的方法，以及地球自转和围绕太阳转。 1．文章第二段介绍日晷（sundial）：把一根棍子竖直立在平盘上，依靠影子移动计时。选项A的图符合所述结构。 2．原文第三段首句提到“Today, we know that the Sun doesn’t move around the Earth.”，反向说明过去人们相信“太阳绕地球转”。 3．空格前文讲的是地球自转，自转帮助计算“天”；空格后文讲地球绕太阳公转，公转帮助计算“年”。因此空格需要承上启下，引出地球的另一种运动也用来计时，D选项“地球的其他运动也能帮助我们确定时间”符合逻辑。 4．第五段第二句“Each time zone is one hour apart from the next time zone.”说明每个时区与下一个时区相隔一小时，也就是同一时区的时钟时间相同，B项正确。 5．文章最后一句点明主旨“it is the movement of the Earth that really allows us to measure time”，全文围绕地球运动如何确定时间展开，B项“地球的运动如何告知时间。”符合文章主旨。 （五） According to Ken Croswell, the Sun and the Moon are greatly different in nature and working rules in space. In our daily life, we often have a common idea that the Sun rules the whole daytime sky and the Moon takes charge of the quiet night sky. This simple idea is easy to understand for all people but it is only partially correct and cannot explain the real science behind them. The Sun is a bright and fiery star that shines all the time without stopping. It gives out strong light and heat nonstop in outer space. It brightly lights up the sky during the day when we can clearly see it above our heads, and it still keeps shining brightly even at night when we turn away from it and cannot catch sight of it at all. As the Earth keeps spinning (自转) slowly and steadily all year round, different areas will face the Sun one after another. When our place turns to face the Sun directly, warm and bright daytime comes to us. When the Earth’s spin turns our area away from the Sun, we will fall into the Earth’s shadow, and then peaceful night arrives. At the same time, people living on the opposite side of the Earth are facing the bright Sun, so they enjoy sunny daytime while we stay in dark night. The Moon is a totally different celestial body (天体) compared with the Sun. Unlike the powerful Sun, the Moon has no ability to produce light by itself. The soft moonlight we see every night is not made by the Moon itself. It is actually the bright sunlight that hits the surface of the Moon and reflects back to the Earth for us to see. The Sun can only light up the single side of the Moon that is close to and faces the Sun directly. At Full Moon, the Moon stays on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun. The whole side of the Moon facing the Earth is fully lit up. It rises at sunset, shines all night long and sets at sunrise. Its light is bright enough to be seen in the daytime. Near Full Moon, we can spot it in the east afternoon or west morning. The New Moon is the hardest to see, as it lies between the Earth and the Sun, leaving its Earth-facing side totally dark to our eyes. 1．What can we know about the Sun? A．The Sun rules the Moon all the time. B．The Sun shines during both day and night. C．The Sun lights up all sides of the Moon. D．The Sun shines everywhere at the same time. 2．Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the word “shadow” in Paragraph 3? A．The shape of the Earth. B．The force from the Sun. C．The dark area on the Earth. D．The opposite side of the Sun. 3．Which of the following pictures shows us New Moon? A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following can make its own light? A．Earth. B．Mars. C．Moon. D．Sun. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To compare the sizes of the Sun and the Moon. B．To explain the Sun and Moon’s nature and rules. C．To correct misunderstandings about day and night. D．To describe the Moon’s effects on daily life. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 【解析】本文介绍了太阳和月球的本质、运行规律，旨在纠正人们对日月的常见误解。 1．第二段“The Sun is a bright and fiery star that shines all the time without stopping…still keeps shining brightly even at night when we turn away from it…”直接说明太阳始终发光，只是地球背对它时我们看不到。 2．第三段“When the Earth’s spin turns our area away from the Sun, we will fall into the Earth’s shadow, and then peaceful night arrives.”中的shadow指地球背对太阳形成的黑暗区域。 3．第五段“The New Moon is the hardest to see, as it lies between the Earth and the Sun, leaving its Earth-facing side totally dark to our eyes.”直接指出新月时月球位于地球与太阳之间。 4．第四段“Unlike the powerful Sun, the Moon has no ability to produce light by itself.”直接表明只有太阳能自身发光。 5．根据全文内容可知，文章分别介绍了太阳、月球的本质与运行规律，纠正了 “太阳只管白天、月亮只管夜晚” 的片面认知。全文核心是解释日月的本质与运行规则，对应选项B“To explain the Sun and Moon’s nature and rules.”。 （六） Have you ever noticed that your mind feels more active after doing exercise? A group of scientists from University College London did a study on this interesting phenomenon (现象). Their research looks at how physical activity influences our brains, and it pays special attention to older people. Surprisingly, they discovered that the positive effects of exercise can stay with us until the following day. In the study, 76 people aged 50 to 83 participated (参加) in different physical activities. These activities — such as fast walking, dancing, and climbing stairs—made their hearts beat faster. The scientists discovered that after doing these activities, the participants felt more active the next day. They not only paid attention better but also slept better and more peacefully. This is important because good sleep helps us think clearly and remember things well. The study also showed that sitting more and moving less led to worse thinking skills the next day. That means if you don’t exercise much, your brain might feel a bit fuzzy and less active. ★ ? When we move our bodies and make our hearts beat faster, more oxygen and nutrients (营养物) reach our brains. This helps our brains work better. Exercise also makes our bodies produce special brain chemicals. These chemicals help us feel happier and think more clearly. According to the study, you don’t need to go to a gym or follow a strict exercise plan to get these benefits (益处). Simple activities — like playing sports, riding a bike, or even having a dance party in your room — can help keep your mind active. Mikaela Bloomberg, one of the researchers, says that staying active is easy to do. For students, exercise can help them focus better in class and remember study materials more easily. It’s suggested that kids and teenagers should get at least 60 minutes of physical activity every day. It can be anything you enjoy, like playing outside with friends or joining a sports club. So, next time you feel tired or can’t focus, what will you do to feel more active and energetic? 1．What is the surprising discovery of the study? A．Older people need more exercise than young people. B．The good effects of exercise can last until the next day. C．Exercise helps old people sleep better than young people. D．Physical activities have little influence on people’s brains. 2．What does the underlined word “fuzzy” probably mean? A．Uncomfortable. B．Energetic. C．Unclear. D．Calm. 3．Which question can be put at “ ★ ” in the text? A．But why is exercise good for our brains B．Then what kind of exercise is best for students C．And what chemicals can help people feel better D．So, how do we get enough oxygen and nutrients 4．What does the researcher say about staying active? A．It is difficult for most people to stick to. B．It is easy to do through simple activities. C．It requires a strict gym plan and much time. D．Students need to do more exercise to stay active. 5．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．How to get better sleep at night B．Studies on teenagers’ learning habits C．Different kinds of daily exercise D．Why exercise makes our brains active 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了伦敦大学学院研究人员关于运动对大脑影响的研究，阐述运动能提升专注力、改善睡眠，还说明了运动对大脑有益的原因及可采取的简单运动方式等。 1．第一段结尾句提到“Surprisingly, they discovered that the positive effects of exercise can stay with us until the following day”，说明研究令人惊讶的发现是运动的积极影响可以持续到第二天。 2．第二段中提到“sitting more and moving less led to worse thinking skills the next day”以及“less active”，说明缺乏运动会导致思维能力变差。此处“fuzzy”与“less active”并列，整体描述久坐不动带来的负面状态，带有贬义，形容大脑思维模糊、思路不清，与Unclear“不清楚的”意思相近。 3．第三段主要解释了运动使心跳加快后，更多的氧气和营养物质会到达大脑，运动还会让身体产生特殊的化学物质让我们感觉更开心。这段内容是在说明运动对大脑有益的原因，因此填入“But why is exercise good for our brains”最符合语境。 4．第四段中提到“Mikaela Bloomberg, one of the researchers, says that staying active is easy to do.”以及前文提到的“Simple activities…can help”可知，研究人员认为通过简单的活动保持活跃是很容易做到的。 5．通读全文，文章主要介绍了一项关于运动对大脑影响的研究，阐述了运动如何使大脑更活跃、思维更清晰及其背后的原因。D项“为什么运动使我们的大脑活跃”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为标题。 （七） Honeybees are small but intelligent insects with a special way to communicate—dance language. When a worker bee finds a lot of nectar (花蜜) or pollen (花粉), it returns to the hive (蜂巢) and performs a “waggle dance” to tell nestmates where the food is, how far it is, and how good it tastes. This amazing dance was first studied and understood by Austrian scientist Karl Von Frisch in the 1940s, who won the Nobel Prize for this discovery. The dance has two main parts: a straight “waggle run” and a “round return”. The angle (角) between the “waggle run” and Earth’s pull tells the direction of the food—straight up (0°) means the food is toward the sun, while a 30° left angle means the food is 30° left of the sun. How long the “waggle run” lasts tells how far away the food is. For European honeybees, one second of waggle usually means the food is about 1 kilometer away. How hard the bee waggles and how many times it repeats the dance show how good the food is—more active waggles mean sweeter nectar. When food is very close (less than 50 meters), bees perform a simpler “round dance” instead of a “waggle dance”. Chinese researchers from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden recently made an important discovery: bees must learn this dance from adult bees at an early age. Young bees without teaching from adult bees dance with obvious mistakes. This proves that social learning is the key to bee communication. Bees also use special smells and sounds to support their dance language. This way of communicating works correctly 90—98% of the time, helping the whole group of bees work efficiently. Without this amazing language, honeybees couldn’t live as group-living insects. 1．Why do bees perform a “waggle dance”? A．To communicate with other bees. B．To tell the direction of the food. C．To find a lot of nectar. D．To learn from the adult bees. 2．In which angle should the bee’s “waggle run” be if the food is 45° right of the sun? A．0°. B．45° to the right. C．30° to the left. D．45° to the left. 3．When will honeybees perform a “round dance”? A．When the food is over 1 kilometer away. B．When the food can be found nearby. C．When the food doesn’t taste sweet enough. D．When there are no nestmates around. 4．What did Chinese researchers find out about bees’ dance language? A．Adult bees are born, skilled dancers. B．Bees can use special smells to tell the taste of the nectar. C．Young bees don’t make mistakes at all with the help of adult bees. D．Learning from adult bees matters for communication. 5．What does the passage mainly introduce? A．Karl Von Frisch’s Nobel Prize research. B．How honeybees live in groups. C．The amazing dance language of honeybees. D．Why nectar is important for honeybees. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．C 【解析】本文介绍了蜜蜂通过“摇摆舞”传递食物信息的交流方式，包括方向、距离和质量的编码，以及中国研究者的新发现。 1．第一段指出：“performs a ‘waggle dance’ to tell nestmates where the food is, how far it is, and how good it tastes”，说明蜜蜂跳摇摆舞是为了与其他蜜蜂交流。注意选项B只说明了摇摆舞传递的其中一项信息，过于片面；选项A更全面。 2．第二段指出：“a 30° left angle means the food is 30° left of the sun”，因此食物在太阳右侧45°时，摇摆跑方向应为45°向右。 3．第三段指出：“When food is very close (less than 50 meters), bees perform a simpler ‘round dance’”，说明食物很近时跳圆舞。 4．第四段指出：“bees must learn this dance from adult bees at an early age...social learning is the key”，说明向成年蜜蜂学习对交流很重要。 5．全文围绕蜜蜂的舞蹈语言展开，介绍了其用途、编码方式以及中国研究者的新发现，因此主旨是“The amazing dance language of honeybees”。 （八） What’s a movie night like without a bowl of hot, buttery popcorn? It has been a world-favorite snack for centuries. Few people think about the science behind the “pop” that turns hard seeds (种子) into soft, fluffy (蓬松的) popcorn. In fact, the secret lies in its special seed structure. Popcorn seeds may seem completely dry outside, but there is more to them. Inside every seed, there is a bit of water circled by a hard shell. When heated, the water inside quickly turns into steam. Because the shell is strong and does not let air pass through easily, the steam (水蒸气) cannot get out and pressure inside the seed rises rapidly, much like a mini pressure cooker. At about 180℃, the shell can no longer hold the pressure. That’s when the magic happens. The shell breaks suddenly with a sharp “pop”. The steam rushes out, and the soft white part inside expands (膨胀) into the soft popcorn you love to eat. This whole process takes just a very short time. Not all corn can do this trick. Only one special type—called popping corn—has a shell thick enough to hold the pressure. Other types have shells that are too thin, or insides that are too dry. Interestingly, not all popcorn pops into the same shape. There are two main types: “butterfly” and “mushroom”. Butterfly popcorn has broken “wings” and is light and crispy—perfect for movie theaters. Mushroom popcorn is round and hard, so it can better carry sweet or salty coatings without breaking. So it is widely used for tasty popcorn. Popcorn is not just a modern snack. Scientists have found popcorn over 5,600 years old in caves in Mexico. Ancient people heated seeds on hot sand to make them pop. Although ways of popping have changed, the little “pop” still brings joy to people everywhere. 1．What can we know about popcorn seeds from Paragraph 2? A．They are completely dry inside. B．They each have a little water inside. C．Their shells are easy to break. D．They can stand very high pressure forever. 2．What will happen to ① in the picture when the seeds are heated? A．The shell breaking with a sudden “pop”. B．The seed cooling down after popping. C．The soft inside becoming really hard. D．Water turning into steam and pressure rising. 3．According to Paragraph 4, what kind of corn can be made into popcorn? A．Special popping corn. B．All corn works well. C．Corn with a thin shell. D．Corn with dry insides. 4．How does mushroom popcorn differ from butterfly popcorn? A．It is only used for common popcorn. B．It has wings that stick out and is crispier. C．It is lighter and more often used in theaters. D．It has a round shape and holds coatings better. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the ways to cook popcorn. B．To explain the science and types of popcorn. C．To show the history of snacks around the world. D．To compare popcorn with other kinds of corn. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了爆米花的“爆花”原理、适合制作爆米花的玉米种类、爆米花的两种主要形态及其用途，还提及了爆米花的历史。 1．根据第二段“Inside every seed, there is a bit of water circled by a hard shell.”可知，每颗爆米花种子内部都含有少量水分。 2．图片中①指向种子内部的水分。根据第二段“When heated, the water inside quickly turns into steam... pressure inside the seed rises rapidly”，种子被加热时，内部水分会变成水蒸气，压力迅速上升。 3．根据第四段“Only one special type—called popping corn—has a shell thick enough to hold the pressure.”，只有特殊的爆裂玉米才能被制成爆米花。 4．根据第五段“Mushroom popcorn is round and hard, so it can better carry sweet or salty coatings without breaking.”可知，蘑菇形爆米花呈圆形且质地较硬，能更好地附着糖衣或盐衣。 5．全文围绕爆米花展开，既解释了它的制作原理，也介绍了不同种类的爆米花，因此主旨是解释爆米花的科学原理与种类。 （九） More and more young people in China are using apps like Xianyu to buy and sell second-hand goods, such as clothes, books, and electronics. They prefer this flexible (灵活的) trading way to make full use of unused things and meet their daily needs easily. Second-hand trading has become a big hit. There are several reasons for its rise. First, it saves money. Students can buy used textbooks at half price, and fashion lovers can find cheap but fashionable clothes. Second, it is environmentally friendly. Making new products uses many natural resources (资源) and creates pollution. By reusing old things, we reduce waste and help protect our planet. Third, it creates a sharing economy (经济). Things that are no longer needed can find new owners instead of being thrown away. This smart way of living is called “circular (循环的) economy”. ★ The quality of used things is not always good. Sometimes, a “like new” phone may have hidden problems, such as a broken screen. Also, dishonest sellers may cheat buyers by sending fake or broken goods. Without careful checking, buyers can lose money and feel annoyed. Therefore, experts advise people to check product photos carefully, read other buyers’ reviews and always use the app’s official payment system. These effective measures can greatly avoid most common trading risks and protect users’ rights. To trade safely, follow these tips. Always ask the seller for real pictures taken at different views. Compare prices from different sellers. It’s never too careful to make a deal in a quite low price. After receiving the object, check it right away. If something is wrong, get in touch with customer service and ask for a refund (退款). In conclusion, second-hand trading is both money-saving and eco-friendly. When done carefully, it benefits everyone — buyers, sellers, and the Earth. As more young people choose the popular way, our society will become less wasteful and more responsible. 1．Why is second-hand trading good for the environment? A．It creates a flexible trading way. B．It lowers the price of textbooks. C．It reduces waste and saves resources. D．It helps fashion lovers find clothes. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．However, second-hand trading also has some risks. B．Besides, it creates a sharing economy and a more wasteful society. C．Most goods are usually in perfect condition with no hidden problems. D．Dishonest sellers never cheat buyers on second-hand trading apps. 3．What can we know from the underlined sentence? A．It’s better to make a deal in off-line markets. B．The sellers sometimes offer low prices to cheat buyers. C．In some buyers’ eyes, high prices mean good quality. D．The sellers always tell the truth about their products. 4．What is the writer’s opinion about second-hand trading? A．People should never buy used goods. B．It doesn’t matter whether people do it or not. C．Though it is good, people must be careful. D．It’s not necessary to worry about its safety. 5．What is the writing purpose of the passage? A．To compare different second-hand trading apps. B．To teach us how to use apps like Xianyu. C．To warn people about the danger of online shopping. D．To introduce popular second-hand trading. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 【解析】本文主要讲述了中国年轻人流行使用闲鱼等二手交易平台买卖二手商品的现象，介绍了二手交易兴起的原因、存在的风险以及安全交易的建议。 1．第二段指出二手交易的环保优势：“Making new products uses many natural resources and creates pollution. By reusing old things, we reduce waste and help protect our planet”，这直接说明二手交易减少浪费、节约资源，对环境有益。 2．第三段空格后的内容开始说明二手交易的质量问题与卖家欺诈风险，与前一段介绍的优点形成转折，因此“However, second-hand trading also has some risks”起到了承上启下的作用。 3．第四段划线句“It’s never too careful to make a deal in a quite low price”结合上下文的交易风险提示，说明低价交易也需格外谨慎，侧面反映出卖家有时会用低价欺骗买家。 4．最后一段总结作者观点：“second-hand trading is both money-saving and eco-friendly. When done carefully, it benefits everyone”，说明作者认为二手交易虽有好处，但人们交易时必须小心谨慎。 5．全文从二手交易的兴起、优势、风险到安全建议进行了全面介绍，因此写作目的是介绍流行的二手交易现象。 （十） What can trees tell us about climate change? Trees can record Earth’s climate for hundreds or even thousands of years. When you look at a tree stump (树桩), you may see many rings on its top. These rings tell us two things: the tree’s age and the weather conditions during each year of its life. Each year, a tree produces a pair of rings – one light and one dark. The light-colored ring grows in spring and early summer, when the tree grows quickly. The dark ring grows in late summer and fall, when growth slows down. One light ring plus one dark ring makes one year of the tree’s life. Tree rings are a natural record of climate. In warm and wet years, the rings are usually wider because the tree grows more. In cold or dry years, the rings are thinner – sometimes so thin that they are hard to see without any help. Scientists have found that during a serious drought (干旱), a tree may hardly grow at all. Trees can also remember other events, such as a forest fire, which leaves a noticeable scar (疤痕) on the rings. Most weather records kept by humans only go back 100 to 150 years. That is not long enough to understand long-term climate change. But with tree rings, scientists can “read” the climate hundreds or even thousands of years into the past. By comparing tree rings from different areas and different times, they can discover patterns of wet and dry periods and even large forest fires. In this way, trees serve as nature’s diaries. They do not just tell us how old they are — they tell us the story of our planet’s changing climate long before thermometers (温度计)! 1．What may tree rings help us learn according to the passage? A．The height of the tree. B．The age of the tree. C．The number of trees. D．The color change of trees. 2．Which picture may show the tree ring in a warmer and wetter year? A． B． C． D． 3．What happens during a serious drought? A．Tree rings grow wider. B．The tree grows very little. C．The color of the light ring changes. D．A scar may appear on the rings. 4．Why do scientists study tree rings? A．To find out when a tree will die. B．To stop forest fires from happening. C．To learn about climate before weather records. D．To measure the height of ancient trees. 5．What does the passage mainly write about? A．Stories behind tree rings. B．How climate changes. C．Why trees grow fast in Spring. D．Diaries and records. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树木年轮如何记录气候信息：宽年轮代表温暖湿润的生长年，窄年轮代表寒冷或干旱年，科学家通过研究年轮可以了解数百年甚至数千年前的气候变化。 1．第一段指出：“These rings tell us two things: the tree’s age and the weather conditions during each year of its life.”，说明年轮可以帮助我们了解树的年龄。 2．第三段指出：“In warm and wet years, the rings are usually wider because the tree grows more.”，说明在温暖湿润的年份，年轮通常更宽。因此图中显示宽年轮的选项D为正确答案。 3．第四段指出：“during a serious drought, a tree may hardly grow at all.”，说明在严重干旱期间，树木几乎不生长。 4．第五段指出：“Most weather records kept by humans only go back 100 to 150 years... But with tree rings, scientists can ‘read’ the climate hundreds or even thousands of years into the past.”，说明科学家研究年轮是为了了解气象记录出现之前的气候。 5．文章主要介绍了年轮如何记录树木的年龄和气候信息，以及科学家如何通过年轮研究数百年甚至数千年前的气候变化，因此“Stories behind tree rings”（年轮背后的故事）最能概括文章主旨。 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解之说明文 3年真题1年模拟·答案版 考点01 海洋生态、生物保护、环保实践 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 考点02 心理健康、科学认知 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．B 考点03 人工智能、科技利弊、未来生活 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．C （一） 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．C （二） 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．C （三） 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D （四） 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．B （五） 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B （六） 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D （七） 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．C （八） 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．B （九） 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D （十） 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $