Unit 1 Science and Scientists 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 以“Science and Scientists”为主题，通过外刊拓展、词汇语法解析及多题型实战，构建“输入-基础-输出”的语言能力培养体系，融合科学主题与语言学习，提升跨文化理解与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |外刊拓展阅读|1篇外刊、20词、4长难句|词汇积累与语法分析|主题语篇输入→核心语言点解析| |培优提升篇|6篇练习（阅读4/完形1/语法填空1）|综合考查（细节理解、推理等）|语言知识→解题应用| |迁移应用篇|5句填空、1应用文写作|语言输出与应用|基础语言点→实际表达|

Unit 1 Science and Scientists 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 1．C 2．C 3．B 4．B Passage 2 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．D Passage 3 9．B 10．B 11．C 12．C Passage 4 13．E 14．F 15．A 16．G 17．C Passage 5 18．B 19．A 20．D 21．C 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．D 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．C 30．C 31．A 32．B Passage 6 33．whose 34．were 35．inventions 36．reality 37．In 38．have been made 39．to create 40．recognising 41．a 42．important 迁移应用篇 一、根据句意完成句子。 1. break into the house 2. when it comes to doing business 3. lay/put the blame on others 4. Owing to/Because of/Due to/On account of/As a result of the rain 5. Thanks to the job 二、应用文写作 【参考范文】 Dear Johnson, I'm glad to receive your email. The scientist I admire most is Yuan Longping, known as the "Father of Hybrid Rice". He devoted his whole life to developing high-yield rice, which greatly helped solve global hunger. Besides his great achievements, his modesty and perseverance impress me deeply. Despite his great fame, he remained committed to the fields, constantly striving for better rice varieties. He has inspired me to study science hard. I hope to make small contributions to society with knowledge in the future. Best regards Li Hua 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 1 Science and Scientists 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 （来源：BBC Science Focus Magazine） Scientists have developed a new way to hunt for hidden signals of past life, and say it could assist in the search for extraterrestrial organisms on other planets. Using cutting-edge chemical techniques paired with artificial intelligence, researchers found evidence of ancient life in 3.3-billion-year-old rocks from Earth. They hope the same approach could one day be applied to samples from Mars or icy ocean worlds such as Europa. The research, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, involved analysing more than 400 samples from ancient sediments, fossils, modern plants and animals, fungi, and even meteorites to stress-test the new detection model. The result? A system capable of distinguishing material left behind by life from non-biological samples with more than 90 per cent accuracy. “This represents an inspiring example of how modern technology can shine a light on the planet’s most ancient stories and could reshape how we search for ancient life on Earth and other worlds,” said Dr Michael Wong, an astrobiologist and planetary scientist who co-authored the study. “This is a powerful new tool for astrobiology.” 【全文翻译】 科学家们开发出一种新方法，用于探测过去生命遗留的隐藏信号，并表示这可能有助于在其他星球上寻找外星生物。 研究人员结合尖端化学技术与人工智能，从地球33亿年前的岩石中发现了古代生命的证据。他们希望未来这种技术也可应用于火星或欧罗巴等冰质海洋世界中的样本。 这项发表于《美国国家科学院院刊》的研究，分析了来自古老沉积物、化石、现代动植物、真菌甚至陨石的400多个样本，以验证这一新型检测模型的可靠性。 结果是：该系统能够以超过90%的准确率，区分生命活动留下的物质与非生物来源的样本。 “这为现代科技如何揭示地球最古老的故事提供了鼓舞人心的范例，也可能会彻底改变我们探索地球及其他星球上古代生命的方式。”该研究的合著者、天体生物学家兼行星科学家迈克尔·王博士表示，“这是天体生物学领域一项强大的新工具。” 【核心词汇】 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1　 hunt v. 搜寻；追捕 2　 signal n. 信号 3　 extraterrestrial adj. 地球外的；外星球的 4　 organism n. 生物；有机体 5　 cutting-edge adj. 前沿的；尖端的 6　 chemical adj. 化学的 n. 化学物质 7　 technique n. 技术；技巧 8　 pair v. 配对；使成对 9　 artificial intelligence n. 人工智能 10　 evidence n. 证据 11　 sediment n. 沉积物 12　 fossil n. 化石 13　 fungi n. 真菌（fungus的复数） 14　 stress-test v. 对……进行压力测试 15　 detection n. 检测；探测 16　 distinguish v. 区分；辨别 17　 non-biological adj. 非生物的 18　 shine a light on 揭示；阐明 19　 reshape v. 重塑；改变 20　 co-author v. 合著；联名发表 【长难句分析】 1. Scientists have developed a new way to hunt for hidden signals of past life, and say it could assist in the search for extraterrestrial organisms on other planets. 句意： 科学家们开发出了一种搜寻过去生命隐藏信号的新方法，并表示这有助于在其他行星上寻找地外生物。 分析： 本句是由并列连词"and"连接的两个并列谓语。主语是"Scientists"；第一个谓语是"have developed"，宾语是"a new way"；"to hunt for hidden signals of past life"是动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰"way"；第二个谓语是"say"，后面接省略了连接词"that"的宾语从句"it could assist in the search for extraterrestrial organisms on other planets"，其中"it"指代前面提到的"a new way"。 2. Using cutting-edge chemical techniques paired with artificial intelligence, researchers found evidence of ancient life in 3.3-billion-year-old rocks from Earth. 句意： 研究人员利用尖端化学技术与人工智能相结合，在地球上33亿年前的岩石中发现了古代生命的证据。 分析： 句首"Using cutting-edge chemical techniques..."是现在分词短语作方式状语；"paired with artificial intelligence"是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰"techniques"；"researchers"是主语；"found"是谓语；"evidence"是宾语；"of ancient life"和"in 3.3-billion-year-old rocks from Earth"都是介词短语作定语，修饰"evidence"。 3. The research, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, involved analysing more than 400 samples from ancient sediments, fossils, modern plants and animals, fungi, and even meteorites to stress-test the new detection model. 句意： 这项研究发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上，分析了超过400份样本，包括古代沉积物、化石、现代动植物、真菌甚至陨石，以对新的检测模型进行压力测试。 分析： 本句主语是"The research"；"published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"是过去分词短语作非限制性定语，补充说明研究发表信息；"involved"是谓语；"analysing more than 400 samples..."是动名词短语作宾语；"from ancient sediments, fossils, modern plants and animals, fungi, and even meteorites"是介词短语作定语，修饰"samples"；"to stress-test the new detection model"是动词不定式作目的状语。 4. "This represents an inspiring example of how modern technology can shine a light on the planet's most ancient stories and could reshape how we search for ancient life on Earth and other worlds," said Dr Michael Wong, an astrobiologist and planetary scientist who co-authored the study. 句意： “这展示了一个鼓舞人心的范例，说明现代技术如何能够揭示地球上最古老的故事，并可能重塑我们在地球和其他世界寻找古代生命的方式，”该研究的合著者、天体生物学家和行星科学家Michael Wong博士表示。 分析： 引语部分中，"This"是主语；"represents"是谓语；"an inspiring example"是宾语；"of how modern technology can shine a light on the planet's most ancient stories and could reshape how we search for ancient life on Earth and other worlds"是介词短语作定语，修饰"example"，其中"how"引导宾语从句，作"of"的介词宾语，该从句中"how we search for ancient life on Earth and other worlds"又作"reshape"的宾语从句；"said Dr Michael Wong"是倒装结构；"an astrobiologist and planetary scientist"是Dr Michael Wong的同位语；"who co-authored the study"是定语从句，修饰先行词"Dr Michael Wong"。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 （25-26高一下·广东·期末）Animal-like robots are popular. And yet, says Barbara Mazzolai, an Italian roboticist, the field of robotics is far less interested in exploring the other major category of living things — plants. She puts the unwillingness down to a common assumption that they are capable of neither motion nor perception (感知). “It’s not true at all,” she says. Dr. Mazzolai and her team recently created FiloBot, a robot based on climbing plants. Like the real thing, FiloBot is capable of growing, attaching to and wrapping itself around supports, and adapting itself to an environment in response to external stimuli. FiloBot imitates the behaviors of a climbing tree using sensors in its head which is also equipped with a layer of plastic and a heating element. By softening and extruding (挤压出) the plastic in a circular pattern, it can 3D-print its own body at a rate of two to seven millimeters per minute. Depending on brightness and direction, it changes the heat that the plastic is exposed to — lower temperatures result in a lighter body that increases in size more quickly, while higher temperatures make it thicker and stronger and grow more slowly. The researchers found that these simple functionalities were enough to let FiloBot move through a complex and unseen environment, cross gaps and find things to attach to. The lack of heavy on-board computing hardware, they say, means that it moves easily and requires minimal monitoring, while its slow pace means that it doesn’t disturb things around it. They suppose that this makes it suitable for future applications including environmental monitoring in hard-to-reach locations, or monitoring disaster sites where existing equipment is unstable. Dr. Mazzolai hopes that such projects will motivate other roboticists to draw inspiration from plants. The plant kingdom is a world, she says, with a completely different approach to the animal one. “And we can develop new technologies and artificial solutions, because it is so different.” 1．What leads to limited exploration of plant-like robots? A．The slow growth rate of plants. B．The lack of plant research capability. C．The misunderstanding of plant behavior. D．The difficulty of applying plant-like robots. 2．How does FiloBot grow? A．By pressing a motion sensor. B．By exposing itself to sunlight. C．By pushing out softened plastic. D．By controlling outside temperature. 3．What advantage does FiloBot have over traditional monitoring robots? A．It can grow extremely fast without materials. B．It won’t greatly disturb its surrounding environment. C．It relies on heavy computing hardware to work. D．It can operate well under unstable temperatures. 4．What is the purpose of this text? A．To point out the value of robotics. B．To present a newly invented robot. C．To call for more research into robots. D．To correct a misconception about plants. Passage 2 （25-26高二下·河南郑州·期末）Despite medical progress, treating bone breaks with many small pieces remains a big challenge. It is time-consuming and often leads to poor healing, greatly affecting patients’ quality of life. For over 40 years, Professor Fan Shunwu dreamed of a bone-gluing material and passed the task to post-90s doctor Lin Xianfeng. His inspiration came during a visit to his hometown, where the ancient Luoyang Bridge has stood firm for centuries despite the wearing effect of seawater. The secret lies in oysters (牡蛎) raised under the bridge by ancient craftsmen. These shellfish produce adhesive (粘合的) threads and natural glue to attach tightly to granite piers (花岗岩桥墩). Their calcium-rich shells pile up layer by layer, filling gaps between stones and forming a strong barrier that defends the bridge against seawater. Instead of fighting the ocean, the craftsmen use the power of nature, which reflects the philosophy of learning from nature. Drawing on this bionic (仿生学的) principle, the team overcame key technical difficulties. After years of testing, they created “Bone 02” with three core breakthroughs: strong, instant adhesion in blood-rich environments, easy application, and gradual biodegradability. In over 150 clinical cases, it proved safe and effective. A young worker once suffered a terrible break in his wrist. The traditional treatment would require a large cut to implant a plate and some screws — risky and requiring a second operation for removal. With “Bone 02”, doctors made a 2-3 cm small cut, injected the adhesive, and fixed the bone in just 3 minutes. A three-month follow-up confirmed full healing — no complications and complete wrist function recovery. From laboratories to operating rooms, scientists continually push the boundaries of life and health. This original Chinese achievement, born from multidisciplinary cooperation, marks a major breakthrough. It applies to most bone breaks and holds broad prospects, contributing Chinese insights to global health. 5．What inspired Lin Xianfeng to develop the new adhesive? A．The natural ability of the shellfish. B．The durable quality of granite. C．The clever design of Luoyang Bridge. D．The previous findings in medicine. 6．Which of the following is a feature of “Bone 02”? A．Gentle muscle healing. B．Natural absorption. C．Increasing blood flow. D．Wound-free treatment. 7．Which can best replace the underlined word “complications” in paragraph 4? A．Positive changes. B．Severe breaks. C．Complex techniques. D．Secondary problems. 8．What’s the best title for the text? A．From Challenges to Achievements B．From Ancient Bridges to Modern Medicine C．A Creative Approach to Treating Bone Repair D．A Bionic Medical Breakthrough Inspired by Nature Passage 3 （25-26高一下·河南驻马店·期末）John, a farmer in Kansas, USA, oversees his large family farm, having his father’s dark skin but none of the rough hands like a traditional farmer. He walks to the edge of the 300-hectare field and flies a silver drone (无人机) to map the field and examine from above to check whether the wheat lacks water. What makes all this possible is Edge AI — a new type that combines IoT (a network of sensors) and AI. Sensors (传感器) collect data on weather, soil, crops and pests, then AI analyzes it to help farmers make scientific decisions. In the past few years, many governments and companies worldwide have been pouring large sums of money into AI and smart farming, achieving precise watering and early disease checks. Traditional cloud-based AI needs constant Internet and power. Take Carlos, a small farmer in New Mexico who grows wheat on just 2 hectares, for example. He knows smart farming could help, but with poor Internet, no training and high costs, he says, “It’s too expensive and too hard.” Another problem is high energy use. Many sensors need constant power, yet in rural areas like Carlos’s village where there is no stable electricity, farmers have to replace batteries often, creating e-waste, and solar devices work poorly on cloudy days. Compared with that, Edge AI runs models directly on local devices(sensors, cameras, drones), not on distant clouds. This cuts delays and works well even with poor Internet or unstable power supply. Besides, Edge AI is cheaper. With low-power chips (芯片) and on-device intelligence, it reduces waste and makes smart farming affordable for small farms like Carlos’s. As the global population rises past 8 billion and food demand grows, Edge AI offers real hope. It can help farmers all over the world produce more food with fewer resources, reduce hunger and finally overcome the world’s food crisis. The future of farming is smart, fair, green and within everyone’s reach. 9．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Flying drones on his family farm. B．Managing his farm with drones. C．Checking crop water conditions. D．Engaging in traditional agriculture. 10．Why does Carlos refuse smart farming? A．It is risky and impractical. B．It is costly and demanding. C．He doesn’t believe in it. D．He has no access to it. 11．Which is one advantage of Edge AI? A．Stability of water supply. B．Owning powerful sensors. C．Localization of model operation. D．Requiring no Internet or power. 12．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The issues facing the world. B．The features of smart farming. C．The promising future of Edge AI. D．The crisis of the population growth. Passage 4 （25-26高一下·河北保定·期末）Technology is here to stay. 13 . However, they are often unsure how to help children use technology responsibly and keep a balance between online and offline time. Here are some tips. Have a device agreement Having a device usage agreement allows parents and children to work through what responsible technology usage looks like in your family and ensures that everyone knows. 14 . Kids are more likely to make sense of the reasons you have for limitations. 15 Although this tip seems like common sense, it is often hard to follow. This is because work keeps us busy, and people expect us to stay online all the time. If you make some offline time part of your day and tell your children about it, they will learn how good it is. Whether you read a book or just take a walk, letting your children know what you do offline will encourage them to do the same! Encourage non-tech activities One great way to keep kids off their screens is to ensure that they have other activities to fill their time. 16 . These activities are also great ways to help children to develop their social skills and confidence. Family time without tech Once a week, write a “family time without tech” in your schedule. It can be a meal or a trip. To help increase the success of outings, try designing special activities, i. e., going to the beach to build a sand castle that looks the same as a photo you have found online. 17 . A．Set a good example in technology use B．Communicate with children C．A little extra planning goes a long way D．The agreement is helpful to the settlement of conflict E．Parents are seeing more technology in their homes and jobs F．Also, writing an agreement together promotes understanding G．This can come in a variety of forms: football, cycling and more Passage 5 （25-26高二下·福建南平·期末）David and Natasha became friends with a shared love of fitness and healthy eating. As chemists, they were aware of how harmful preservatives (防腐剂) can be to our bodies. Calcium propionate, for instance, prevents bread from going bad by 18 bacteria. But it also can increase the 19 of blood sugar problems and weight gain. After reading a study about the ability of mushroom fiber to 20 foods’ storage life, the two friends were 21 . With an ambitious goal of developing a 22 preservative, they bought mushroom stems (梗) from farmers who would otherwise throw them away. Seven years later, in 2023, their company 23 mushroom-fiber extract. When added to food products, it helps increase their 24 life without leaving a noticeable taste. The product is now being 25 by wine factories in New Zealand. “If it works, it can 26 the added sulfites (亚硫酸盐) that wine makers 27 right now for a longer shelf life,” says Brown. Grapes naturally produce sulfite, so the extra can be too much for some people to 28 . It’s a win-win-win: for the climate by reducing food waste emissions, for our 29 , and for the mushroom farmers who can sell their 30 . For the two friends, their shared 31 has grown into something bigger: a mission to make the food industry more 32 . 18．A．growing B．killing C．feeding D．spreading 19．A．risk B．trouble C．awareness D．influence 20．A．affect B．reduce C．restrict D．lengthen 21．A．calm B．patient C．interested D．confident 22．A．natural B．chemical C．effective D．common 23．A．invented B．promoted C．transformed D．launched 24．A．service B．shelf C．working D．survival 25．A．sold B．approved C．made D．tested 26．A．change B．restore C．replace D．absorb 27．A．rely on B．apply for C．give up D．cut out 28．A．abuse B．gain C．refuse D．tolerate 29．A．wealth B．identity C．health D．reputation 30．A．wine B．produce C．waste D．food 31．A．passion B．talent C．style D．personality 32．A．profitable B．sustainable C．attractive D．innovative Passage 6 （25-26高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dr. Richard Fairhurst, 33 new book The New Age Of Invention has just been published, has been interviewed. The following is what he tells us. There have been golden ages of invention throughout history. In Ancient China, there 34 (be) four great inventions: gunpowder, papermaking, printing and the compass. They changed the world forever. And now we are in the great new age of technology, when most of the new great 35 (invention) are tech-based. For example, advances in virtual 36 (real), wearable tech and the flexible battery have been made. 37 addition, important advances 38 (make) in medicine and environmental science so far thanks to increasing computer power. New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. What’s more, it’s possible 39 (create) an intelligent walking house. Most inventions start with 40 (recognise) a problem that needs 41 solution. But what remains 42 (importance) is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that’s the real spirit of invention. 迁移应用篇 一、根据句意完成句子。 1.附近没有人可能会看见他试图闯入那所房子。 There was no one nearby who might see him trying to ______________________． 2. 提到做生意，各国都有其独特之处。 Each nation has its own peculiarities ______________________________． 3.每当出了问题，他总是试图将责任归咎于别人。 He always tries to _____________________________ when something goes wrong. 4.由于下雨，比赛取消了。 _______________________________________________________the match was cancelled. 5. 多亏了那份工作，我才成了一个喜欢阅读的人。 ___________________, I became an avid reader. 二、应用文写作 （25-26高一下·江苏南京·期末）假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Johnson给你发来邮件，询问你最钦佩的科学家是谁。请你用英语回复一封邮件，内容包括: 1. 你最钦佩的科学家的简介并阐述钦佩原因; 2. 这位科学家对你的影响。 注意 1. 词数80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Johnson, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________Best regards Li Hua $Unit 1 Science and Scientists 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 （来源：BBC Science Focus Magazine） Scientists have developed a new way to hunt for hidden signals of past life, and say it could assist in the search for extraterrestrial organisms on other planets. Using cutting-edge chemical techniques paired with artificial intelligence, researchers found evidence of ancient life in 3.3-billion-year-old rocks from Earth. They hope the same approach could one day be applied to samples from Mars or icy ocean worlds such as Europa. The research, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, involved analysing more than 400 samples from ancient sediments, fossils, modern plants and animals, fungi, and even meteorites to stress-test the new detection model. The result? A system capable of distinguishing material left behind by life from non-biological samples with more than 90 per cent accuracy. “This represents an inspiring example of how modern technology can shine a light on the planet’s most ancient stories and could reshape how we search for ancient life on Earth and other worlds,” said Dr Michael Wong, an astrobiologist and planetary scientist who co-authored the study. “This is a powerful new tool for astrobiology.” 【全文翻译】 科学家们开发出一种新方法，用于探测过去生命遗留的隐藏信号，并表示这可能有助于在其他星球上寻找外星生物。 研究人员结合尖端化学技术与人工智能，从地球33亿年前的岩石中发现了古代生命的证据。他们希望未来这种技术也可应用于火星或欧罗巴等冰质海洋世界中的样本。 这项发表于《美国国家科学院院刊》的研究，分析了来自古老沉积物、化石、现代动植物、真菌甚至陨石的400多个样本，以验证这一新型检测模型的可靠性。 结果是：该系统能够以超过90%的准确率，区分生命活动留下的物质与非生物来源的样本。 “这为现代科技如何揭示地球最古老的故事提供了鼓舞人心的范例，也可能会彻底改变我们探索地球及其他星球上古代生命的方式。”该研究的合著者、天体生物学家兼行星科学家迈克尔·王博士表示，“这是天体生物学领域一项强大的新工具。” 【核心词汇】 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1　 hunt v. 搜寻；追捕 2　 signal n. 信号 3　 extraterrestrial adj. 地球外的；外星球的 4　 organism n. 生物；有机体 5　 cutting-edge adj. 前沿的；尖端的 6　 chemical adj. 化学的 n. 化学物质 7　 technique n. 技术；技巧 8　 pair v. 配对；使成对 9　 artificial intelligence n. 人工智能 10　 evidence n. 证据 11　 sediment n. 沉积物 12　 fossil n. 化石 13　 fungi n. 真菌（fungus的复数） 14　 stress-test v. 对……进行压力测试 15　 detection n. 检测；探测 16　 distinguish v. 区分；辨别 17　 non-biological adj. 非生物的 18　 shine a light on 揭示；阐明 19　 reshape v. 重塑；改变 20　 co-author v. 合著；联名发表 【长难句分析】 1. Scientists have developed a new way to hunt for hidden signals of past life, and say it could assist in the search for extraterrestrial organisms on other planets. 句意： 科学家们开发出了一种搜寻过去生命隐藏信号的新方法，并表示这有助于在其他行星上寻找地外生物。 分析： 本句是由并列连词"and"连接的两个并列谓语。主语是"Scientists"；第一个谓语是"have developed"，宾语是"a new way"；"to hunt for hidden signals of past life"是动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰"way"；第二个谓语是"say"，后面接省略了连接词"that"的宾语从句"it could assist in the search for extraterrestrial organisms on other planets"，其中"it"指代前面提到的"a new way"。 2. Using cutting-edge chemical techniques paired with artificial intelligence, researchers found evidence of ancient life in 3.3-billion-year-old rocks from Earth. 句意： 研究人员利用尖端化学技术与人工智能相结合，在地球上33亿年前的岩石中发现了古代生命的证据。 分析： 句首"Using cutting-edge chemical techniques..."是现在分词短语作方式状语；"paired with artificial intelligence"是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰"techniques"；"researchers"是主语；"found"是谓语；"evidence"是宾语；"of ancient life"和"in 3.3-billion-year-old rocks from Earth"都是介词短语作定语，修饰"evidence"。 3. The research, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, involved analysing more than 400 samples from ancient sediments, fossils, modern plants and animals, fungi, and even meteorites to stress-test the new detection model. 句意： 这项研究发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上，分析了超过400份样本，包括古代沉积物、化石、现代动植物、真菌甚至陨石，以对新的检测模型进行压力测试。 分析： 本句主语是"The research"；"published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"是过去分词短语作非限制性定语，补充说明研究发表信息；"involved"是谓语；"analysing more than 400 samples..."是动名词短语作宾语；"from ancient sediments, fossils, modern plants and animals, fungi, and even meteorites"是介词短语作定语，修饰"samples"；"to stress-test the new detection model"是动词不定式作目的状语。 4. "This represents an inspiring example of how modern technology can shine a light on the planet's most ancient stories and could reshape how we search for ancient life on Earth and other worlds," said Dr Michael Wong, an astrobiologist and planetary scientist who co-authored the study. 句意： “这展示了一个鼓舞人心的范例，说明现代技术如何能够揭示地球上最古老的故事，并可能重塑我们在地球和其他世界寻找古代生命的方式，”该研究的合著者、天体生物学家和行星科学家Michael Wong博士表示。 分析： 引语部分中，"This"是主语；"represents"是谓语；"an inspiring example"是宾语；"of how modern technology can shine a light on the planet's most ancient stories and could reshape how we search for ancient life on Earth and other worlds"是介词短语作定语，修饰"example"，其中"how"引导宾语从句，作"of"的介词宾语，该从句中"how we search for ancient life on Earth and other worlds"又作"reshape"的宾语从句；"said Dr Michael Wong"是倒装结构；"an astrobiologist and planetary scientist"是Dr Michael Wong的同位语；"who co-authored the study"是定语从句，修饰先行词"Dr Michael Wong"。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 （25-26高一下·广东·期末）Animal-like robots are popular. And yet, says Barbara Mazzolai, an Italian roboticist, the field of robotics is far less interested in exploring the other major category of living things — plants. She puts the unwillingness down to a common assumption that they are capable of neither motion nor perception (感知). “It’s not true at all,” she says. Dr. Mazzolai and her team recently created FiloBot, a robot based on climbing plants. Like the real thing, FiloBot is capable of growing, attaching to and wrapping itself around supports, and adapting itself to an environment in response to external stimuli. FiloBot imitates the behaviors of a climbing tree using sensors in its head which is also equipped with a layer of plastic and a heating element. By softening and extruding (挤压出) the plastic in a circular pattern, it can 3D-print its own body at a rate of two to seven millimeters per minute. Depending on brightness and direction, it changes the heat that the plastic is exposed to — lower temperatures result in a lighter body that increases in size more quickly, while higher temperatures make it thicker and stronger and grow more slowly. The researchers found that these simple functionalities were enough to let FiloBot move through a complex and unseen environment, cross gaps and find things to attach to. The lack of heavy on-board computing hardware, they say, means that it moves easily and requires minimal monitoring, while its slow pace means that it doesn’t disturb things around it. They suppose that this makes it suitable for future applications including environmental monitoring in hard-to-reach locations, or monitoring disaster sites where existing equipment is unstable. Dr. Mazzolai hopes that such projects will motivate other roboticists to draw inspiration from plants. The plant kingdom is a world, she says, with a completely different approach to the animal one. “And we can develop new technologies and artificial solutions, because it is so different.” 1．What leads to limited exploration of plant-like robots? A．The slow growth rate of plants. B．The lack of plant research capability. C．The misunderstanding of plant behavior. D．The difficulty of applying plant-like robots. 2．How does FiloBot grow? A．By pressing a motion sensor. B．By exposing itself to sunlight. C．By pushing out softened plastic. D．By controlling outside temperature. 3．What advantage does FiloBot have over traditional monitoring robots? A．It can grow extremely fast without materials. B．It won’t greatly disturb its surrounding environment. C．It relies on heavy computing hardware to work. D．It can operate well under unstable temperatures. 4．What is the purpose of this text? A．To point out the value of robotics. B．To present a newly invented robot. C．To call for more research into robots. D．To correct a misconception about plants. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】文章主要介绍新型植物仿生机器人FiloBot的原理、优势以及研发的意义。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“She puts the unwillingness down to a common assumption that they are capable of neither motion nor perception (感知).(她认为人们不愿研究植物机器人源于一种普遍认知：植物既不能移动，也没有感知能力。)”可知，人们对植物特性存在误解，导致植物类机器人研究较少。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“By softening and extruding (挤压出) the plastic in a circular pattern, it can 3D-print its own body at a rate of two to seven millimeters per minute.(它可以通过软化塑料并以环形轨迹将其挤出，以每分钟2至7毫米的速度3D打印出自己的躯体。)”可知，FiloBot依靠挤压软化的塑料实现生长。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The lack of heavy on-board computing hardware, they say, means that it moves easily and requires minimal monitoring, while its slow pace means that it doesn’t disturb things around it.(他们表示，这款机器人没有搭载沉重的机载计算硬件，因此移动起来十分轻便，所需的监控量极低；同时它缓慢的行进速度也不会惊扰周边的事物。)”可知，相比传统监测机器人，它不会严重干扰周边环境。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中“Dr. Mazzolai and her team recently created FiloBot, a robot based on climbing plants.(Mazzolai博士和她的团队近期研发出了FiloBot，一款以攀援植物为原型的机器人。)”可知，全文围绕科学家研发的FiloBot展开，介绍其工作原理、功能优势与应用前景，核心目的是介绍这款新发明的机器人。 Passage 2 （25-26高二下·河南郑州·期末）Despite medical progress, treating bone breaks with many small pieces remains a big challenge. It is time-consuming and often leads to poor healing, greatly affecting patients’ quality of life. For over 40 years, Professor Fan Shunwu dreamed of a bone-gluing material and passed the task to post-90s doctor Lin Xianfeng. His inspiration came during a visit to his hometown, where the ancient Luoyang Bridge has stood firm for centuries despite the wearing effect of seawater. The secret lies in oysters (牡蛎) raised under the bridge by ancient craftsmen. These shellfish produce adhesive (粘合的) threads and natural glue to attach tightly to granite piers (花岗岩桥墩). Their calcium-rich shells pile up layer by layer, filling gaps between stones and forming a strong barrier that defends the bridge against seawater. Instead of fighting the ocean, the craftsmen use the power of nature, which reflects the philosophy of learning from nature. Drawing on this bionic (仿生学的) principle, the team overcame key technical difficulties. After years of testing, they created “Bone 02” with three core breakthroughs: strong, instant adhesion in blood-rich environments, easy application, and gradual biodegradability. In over 150 clinical cases, it proved safe and effective. A young worker once suffered a terrible break in his wrist. The traditional treatment would require a large cut to implant a plate and some screws — risky and requiring a second operation for removal. With “Bone 02”, doctors made a 2-3 cm small cut, injected the adhesive, and fixed the bone in just 3 minutes. A three-month follow-up confirmed full healing — no complications and complete wrist function recovery. From laboratories to operating rooms, scientists continually push the boundaries of life and health. This original Chinese achievement, born from multidisciplinary cooperation, marks a major breakthrough. It applies to most bone breaks and holds broad prospects, contributing Chinese insights to global health. 5．What inspired Lin Xianfeng to develop the new adhesive? A．The natural ability of the shellfish. B．The durable quality of granite. C．The clever design of Luoyang Bridge. D．The previous findings in medicine. 6．Which of the following is a feature of “Bone 02”? A．Gentle muscle healing. B．Natural absorption. C．Increasing blood flow. D．Wound-free treatment. 7．Which can best replace the underlined word “complications” in paragraph 4? A．Positive changes. B．Severe breaks. C．Complex techniques. D．Secondary problems. 8．What’s the best title for the text? A．From Challenges to Achievements B．From Ancient Bridges to Modern Medicine C．A Creative Approach to Treating Bone Repair D．A Bionic Medical Breakthrough Inspired by Nature 【答案】5．A 6．B 7．D 8．D 【导语】文章主要介绍了中国科学家受洛阳桥牡蛎粘附原理启发，研发出一种名为“Bone 02”的仿生骨粘合剂，用于治疗粉碎性骨折，并取得了显著效果。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The secret lies in oysters (牡蛎) raised under the bridge by ancient craftsmen. These shellfish produce adhesive (粘合的) threads and natural glue to attach tightly to granite piers (花岗岩桥墩).(秘密在于古代工匠在桥下养殖的牡蛎。这些贝类会产生粘合丝和天然胶水，紧紧地附着在花岗岩桥墩上)”以及第三段“Drawing on this bionic (仿生学的) principle, the team overcame key technical difficulties.(基于这一仿生学原理，团队克服了关键的技术难题)”可知，贝类的天然粘附能力启发林贤丰开发新型骨粘合剂。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“After years of testing, they created “Bone 02” with three core breakthroughs: strong, instant adhesion in blood-rich environments, easy application, and gradual biodegradability.(经过多年的测试，他们创造了“Bone 02”，具有三大核心突破：在富含血液的环境中强力快速粘合、易于操作、可逐步生物降解)”可知，“Bone 02”的一个特点是生物降解，即可自然吸收。 7．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“A three-month follow-up confirmed full healing — no complications and complete wrist function recovery.(三个月的随访确认完全愈合——没有complications，手腕功能完全恢复)”以及前文提到传统治疗方法风险高、需要二次手术取出植入物可推知，complications指的是传统治疗方法可能带来的“并发症”或“继发问题”。故划线词意为“继发问题”，与“Secondary problems”同义。 8．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Drawing on this bionic (仿生学的) principle, the team overcame key technical difficulties. After years of testing, they created “Bone 02” with three core breakthroughs: strong, instant adhesion in blood-rich environments, easy application, and gradual biodegradability.(基于这一仿生学原理，团队克服了关键的技术难题。经过多年的测试，他们研发出“Bone 02”，具备三大核心技术突破：在富含血液的环境中具有强效、即时的粘附性，易于涂抹，并且可逐步生物降解)”结合文章主要介绍了中国科学家受洛阳桥牡蛎粘附原理启发，研发出一种名为“Bone 02”的仿生骨粘合剂，用于治疗粉碎性骨折，并取得了显著效果。可知，D选项“受自然启发的仿生医学突破”最符合文章标题。 Passage 3 （25-26高一下·河南驻马店·期末）John, a farmer in Kansas, USA, oversees his large family farm, having his father’s dark skin but none of the rough hands like a traditional farmer. He walks to the edge of the 300-hectare field and flies a silver drone (无人机) to map the field and examine from above to check whether the wheat lacks water. What makes all this possible is Edge AI — a new type that combines IoT (a network of sensors) and AI. Sensors (传感器) collect data on weather, soil, crops and pests, then AI analyzes it to help farmers make scientific decisions. In the past few years, many governments and companies worldwide have been pouring large sums of money into AI and smart farming, achieving precise watering and early disease checks. Traditional cloud-based AI needs constant Internet and power. Take Carlos, a small farmer in New Mexico who grows wheat on just 2 hectares, for example. He knows smart farming could help, but with poor Internet, no training and high costs, he says, “It’s too expensive and too hard.” Another problem is high energy use. Many sensors need constant power, yet in rural areas like Carlos’s village where there is no stable electricity, farmers have to replace batteries often, creating e-waste, and solar devices work poorly on cloudy days. Compared with that, Edge AI runs models directly on local devices(sensors, cameras, drones), not on distant clouds. This cuts delays and works well even with poor Internet or unstable power supply. Besides, Edge AI is cheaper. With low-power chips (芯片) and on-device intelligence, it reduces waste and makes smart farming affordable for small farms like Carlos’s. As the global population rises past 8 billion and food demand grows, Edge AI offers real hope. It can help farmers all over the world produce more food with fewer resources, reduce hunger and finally overcome the world’s food crisis. The future of farming is smart, fair, green and within everyone’s reach. 9．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Flying drones on his family farm. B．Managing his farm with drones. C．Checking crop water conditions. D．Engaging in traditional agriculture. 10．Why does Carlos refuse smart farming? A．It is risky and impractical. B．It is costly and demanding. C．He doesn’t believe in it. D．He has no access to it. 11．Which is one advantage of Edge AI? A．Stability of water supply. B．Owning powerful sensors. C．Localization of model operation. D．Requiring no Internet or power. 12．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The issues facing the world. B．The features of smart farming. C．The promising future of Edge AI. D．The crisis of the population growth. 【答案】9．B 10．B 11．C 12．C 【导语】文章主要介绍了Edge AI技术如何克服传统智慧农业弊端，助力全球农业实现高效可持续发展。 【详解】9．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“He walks to the edge of the 300-hectare field and flies a silver drone(无人机)to map the field and examine from above to check whether the wheat lacks water.(他走到300公顷的土地边缘，放飞一架银色无人机绘制农田地图，并从空中检查小麦是否缺水)”及第二段首句“What makes all this possible is Edge AI — a new type that combines IoT and AI.(让这一切成为可能的是Edge AI——一种结合了物联网和人工智能的新型技术)”可知，this指代前文约翰用无人机管理农场的行为。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“He knows smart farming could help, but with poor Internet, no training and high costs, he says, “It’s too expensive and too hard.”(他知道智慧农业能帮上忙，但由于网络差、缺乏培训且成本高昂，他说：“这太贵也太难了。”)”可知，卡洛斯拒绝智慧农业是因为其成本高且要求苛刻。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段首句“Compared with that, Edge AI runs models directly on local devices (sensors, cameras, drones), not on distant clouds.(与之相比，边缘Edge AI直接在本地设备（传感器、摄像头、无人机）上运行模型，而非依赖远程云端)”可知，Edge AI的优势之一是模型运行的本地化。 12．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“As the global population rises past 8 billion and food demand grows, Edge AI offers real hope. It can help farmers all over the world produce more food with fewer resources, reduce hunger and finally overcome the world’s food crisis.(随着全球人口突破80亿且粮食需求增长，Edge AI带来了真正的希望。它能帮助全球农民以更少资源生产更多粮食，减少饥饿并最终克服世界粮食危机)”可知，本段主要阐述了边缘AI的光明前景。 Passage 4 （25-26高一下·河北保定·期末）Technology is here to stay. 13 . However, they are often unsure how to help children use technology responsibly and keep a balance between online and offline time. Here are some tips. Have a device agreement Having a device usage agreement allows parents and children to work through what responsible technology usage looks like in your family and ensures that everyone knows. 14 . Kids are more likely to make sense of the reasons you have for limitations. 15 Although this tip seems like common sense, it is often hard to follow. This is because work keeps us busy, and people expect us to stay online all the time. If you make some offline time part of your day and tell your children about it, they will learn how good it is. Whether you read a book or just take a walk, letting your children know what you do offline will encourage them to do the same! Encourage non-tech activities One great way to keep kids off their screens is to ensure that they have other activities to fill their time. 16 . These activities are also great ways to help children to develop their social skills and confidence. Family time without tech Once a week, write a “family time without tech” in your schedule. It can be a meal or a trip. To help increase the success of outings, try designing special activities, i. e., going to the beach to build a sand castle that looks the same as a photo you have found online. 17 . A．Set a good example in technology use B．Communicate with children C．A little extra planning goes a long way D．The agreement is helpful to the settlement of conflict E．Parents are seeing more technology in their homes and jobs F．Also, writing an agreement together promotes understanding G．This can come in a variety of forms: football, cycling and more 【答案】13．E 14．F 15．A 16．G 17．C 【导语】文章就家长应该如何帮助孩子负责任地使用科技产品，保持线上和线下时间的平衡给出了几点建议。 【详解】13．根据上文“Technology is here to stay.(科技将长期存在。)”和下文“However, they are often unsure how to help children use technology responsibly and keep a balance between online and offline time.(然而，他们常常不确定如何帮助孩子负责任地使用科技产品，并在线上和线下时间之间保持平衡。)”可知，选项E. Parents are seeing more technology in their homes and jobs(父母在家中和工作场所看到更多科技产品的身影)中的Parents与下文中的they相对应，说明了在父母看到了科技存在的现状，承接上文，并引出了下文，表明父母不确定该如何帮助孩子正确地使用科技产品。 14．根据上文“Having a device usage agreement allows parents and children to work through what responsible technology usage looks like in your family and ensures that everyone knows.(制定设备使用协议可以让家长和孩子共同明确家庭中负责任的科技设备使用方式，并确保每个人都了解。)”和下文“Kids are more likely to make sense of the reasons you have for limitations.(孩子更可能理解你设定限制的原因。)”可知，空处应继续说明制定协议的益处，故选项F. Also, writing an agreement together promotes understanding(此外，共同撰写协议有助于增进理解)补充说明了共同撰写协议的好处，下文又进一步地说明了这一好处，衔接合理。 15．空处为段落主题句，应用祈使句；根据下文“If you make some offline time part of your day and tell your children about it, they will learn how good it is. Whether you read a book or just take a walk, letting your children know what you do offline will encourage them to do the same!(如果你每天安排一些离线时间，并告诉孩子你做了什么，他们就会明白这样做的好处。无论是读书还是散步，让你的孩子知道你在离线时的活动，都会鼓励他们也这样做！)”可知，该段主要建议父母要以身作则，故选项A. Set a good example in technology use(在科技设备使用方面树立良好榜样)是对该段的总结，符合段落主题。 16．根据上文“One great way to keep kids off their screens is to ensure that they have other activities to fill their time.(让孩子远离屏幕的一个好方法，就是确保他们有其他活动来充实自己的时间。)”和下文“These activities are also great ways to help children to develop their social skills and confidence.(这些活动也是帮助孩子发展社交技能和自信心的绝佳方式。)”可知，空处应该具体列举了能够让孩子远离屏幕的其他活动，故选项G. This can come in a variety of forms: football, cycling and more(这可以有多种形式：足球、自行车运动等等。)承上启下，衔接合理。 17．根据上文“To help increase the success of outings, try designing special activities, i. e., going to the beach to build a sand castle that looks the same as a photo you have found online.(为了提高外出活动的成功率，可以尝试设计一些特别的活动，例如去海滩搭建一座与网上找到的照片一模一样的沙堡。)”可知，选项C. A little extra planning goes a long way(一点点额外的计划会有很大的帮助)总结了上文提到的计划会带来的效果，符合语境。 Passage 5 （25-26高二下·福建南平·期末）David and Natasha became friends with a shared love of fitness and healthy eating. As chemists, they were aware of how harmful preservatives (防腐剂) can be to our bodies. Calcium propionate, for instance, prevents bread from going bad by 18 bacteria. But it also can increase the 19 of blood sugar problems and weight gain. After reading a study about the ability of mushroom fiber to 20 foods’ storage life, the two friends were 21 . With an ambitious goal of developing a 22 preservative, they bought mushroom stems (梗) from farmers who would otherwise throw them away. Seven years later, in 2023, their company 23 mushroom-fiber extract. When added to food products, it helps increase their 24 life without leaving a noticeable taste. The product is now being 25 by wine factories in New Zealand. “If it works, it can 26 the added sulfites (亚硫酸盐) that wine makers 27 right now for a longer shelf life,” says Brown. Grapes naturally produce sulfite, so the extra can be too much for some people to 28 . It’s a win-win-win: for the climate by reducing food waste emissions, for our 29 , and for the mushroom farmers who can sell their 30 . For the two friends, their shared 31 has grown into something bigger: a mission to make the food industry more 32 . 18．A．growing B．killing C．feeding D．spreading 19．A．risk B．trouble C．awareness D．influence 20．A．affect B．reduce C．restrict D．lengthen 21．A．calm B．patient C．interested D．confident 22．A．natural B．chemical C．effective D．common 23．A．invented B．promoted C．transformed D．launched 24．A．service B．shelf C．working D．survival 25．A．sold B．approved C．made D．tested 26．A．change B．restore C．replace D．absorb 27．A．rely on B．apply for C．give up D．cut out 28．A．abuse B．gain C．refuse D．tolerate 29．A．wealth B．identity C．health D．reputation 30．A．wine B．produce C．waste D．food 31．A．passion B．talent C．style D．personality 32．A．profitable B．sustainable C．attractive D．innovative 【答案】 18．B 19．A 20．D 21．C 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．D 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．C 30．C 31．A 32．B 【导语】文章讲述两位热爱健康生活的化学家发现化学防腐剂有害，受蘑菇纤维保鲜研究启发，用废弃蘑菇梗研发天然保鲜提取物。该产品可替代葡萄酒中亚硫酸盐，实现环保、护健康、助农户的三重共赢，推动食品行业可持续发展。 【详解】18．考查动名词。句意：身为化学家，他们清楚防腐剂会对人体造成多大危害。以丙酸钙为例，它通过杀灭细菌来防止面包变质。A. growing生长；B. killing杀死；C. feeding喂养；D. spreading传播。根据前文“Calcium propionate, for instance, prevents bread from going bad”可知，此处指丙酸钙用来阻止面包变质，原理是消灭导致食物腐烂的细菌。 19．考查名词。句意：但它也会增加患上血糖疾病和体重增长的风险。A. risk风险；B. trouble麻烦；C. awareness意识；D. influence影响。根据前文“they were aware of how harmful preservatives (防腐剂) can be to our bodies”可知，此处指化学防腐剂对人体有害，会提升患病的风险。 20．考查动词。句意：在阅读一篇关于蘑菇纤维能够延长食物储存期限的研究后，两位朋友产生了浓厚兴趣。A. affect影响；B. reduce减少；C. restrict限制；D. lengthen延长。根据后文“foods’ storage life”以及语境可知，此处指蘑菇纤维可以延长食物存放时间。 21．考查形容词。句意：在阅读一篇关于蘑菇纤维能够延长食物储存期限的研究后，两位朋友产生了浓厚兴趣。A. calm冷静的；B. patient耐心的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. confident自信的。根据后文“they bought mushroom stems (梗) from farmers”可知，二人看完研究后立刻行动研发新防腐剂，说明他们对此十分感兴趣。 22．考查形容词。句意：怀揣研发天然防腐剂的远大目标，他们从农户手中收购原本会被丢弃的蘑菇梗。A. natural天然的；B. chemical化学的；C. effective有效的；D. common普通的。根据前文“the ability of mushroom fiber to 　　　　 foods’ storage life”以及语境可知，二人选用蘑菇纤维做原料，是想研发天然无害的防腐剂。 23．考查动词。句意：七年后的2023年，他们的公司推出了蘑菇纤维提取物产品。A. invented发明；B. promoted推广；C. transformed改造；D. launched推出（产品）。根据后文“ When added to food products, it helps increase their 　　　　 life ”可知，此处指该产品正式面世投入使用，launch表示推出新产品。 24．考查名词。句意：将它添加到食品中，可以延长食品的保质期，且不会留下明显异味。A. service服务；B. shelf货架；C. working运作方式；D. survival生存。根据前文“the ability of mushroom fiber to 　　　　 foods’ storage life”以及后文“longer shelf life”原词复现可知，此处指延长食品的保质期，shelf life意为“保质期”。 25．考查动词。句意：这款产品如今正在新西兰多家葡萄酒厂进行测试。A. sold售卖；B. approved批准；C. made制造；D. tested测试。根据后文“If it works”可知，酒厂还在验证产品效果，尚未大规模使用。 26．考查动词。句意：布朗说：“如果产品有效，它就可以替代酿酒商如今为延长保质期而添加的亚硫酸盐。”A. change改变；B. restore恢复；C. replace替代；D. absorb吸收。根据后文“Grapes naturally produce sulfite, so the extra can be too much for some people to 　　　　 .”描述过多亚硫酸盐会给部分人群带来问题可知，此处指蘑菇提取物可以取而代之。 27．考查动词短语。句意：布朗说：“如果产品有效，它就可以替代酿酒商如今为延长保质期而添加的亚硫酸盐。”A. rely on依靠，使用；B. apply for申请；C. give up放弃；D. cut out切断。根据后文“right now for a longer shelf life”以及语境可知，此处指酿酒行业依靠亚硫酸盐延长葡萄酒存放时间。 28．考查动词。句意：葡萄本身会产生亚硫酸盐，额外添加的亚硫酸盐含量过高，部分人群无法承受。A. abuse滥用；B. gain获得；C. refuse拒绝；D. tolerate忍受，耐受。根据前文“But it also can increase the 　　　　 of blood sugar problems and weight gain.”可知，防腐剂对身体有害，亚硫酸盐也属于防腐剂，此处指过多亚硫酸盐对人体不友好，部分人身体无法承受。 29．考查名词。句意：这是三重共赢：减少食物浪费带来的排放、有益于我们的健康，也让蘑菇农户能售卖原本废弃的蘑菇梗。A. wealth财富；B. identity身份；C. health健康；D. reputation名声。根据前文“it also can increase the 　　　　 of blood sugar problems and weight gain”描述化学防腐剂危害人体可知，此处指天然蘑菇提取物对身体无害，是对健康有益。 30．考查名词。句意：这是三重共赢：减少食物浪费带来的排放、有益于我们的健康，也让蘑菇农户能售卖原本废弃的蘑菇梗。A. wine葡萄酒；B. produce农产品；C. waste废弃物；D. food食物。根据前文“they bought mushroom stems (梗) from farmers who would otherwise throw them away”可知，蘑菇梗原本是农户要丢掉的废料。 31．考查名词。句意：对这两位朋友而言，他们共同的热爱已经发展成更宏大的事业：让食品行业更可持续发展的使命。A. passion热爱；B. talent天赋；C. style风格；D. personality性格。根据开篇“David and Natasha became friends with a shared love of fitness and healthy eating”可知，他们的热爱已经发展成事业，passion是love的同义词复现。 32．考查形容词。句意：对这两位朋友而言，他们共同的热爱已经发展成更宏大的事业：让食品行业更可持续发展的使命。A. profitable盈利的；B. sustainable可持续的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. innovative创新的。根据前文“It’s a win-win-win: for the climate by reducing food waste emissions, for our 　　　　 , and for the mushroom farmers who can sell their 　　　　 . ”以及语境可知，该产品减少食物浪费、利用蘑菇废料、替换有害化学添加剂，全方位实现环保可持续。 Passage 6 （25-26高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dr. Richard Fairhurst, 33 new book The New Age Of Invention has just been published, has been interviewed. The following is what he tells us. There have been golden ages of invention throughout history. In Ancient China, there 34 (be) four great inventions: gunpowder, papermaking, printing and the compass. They changed the world forever. And now we are in the great new age of technology, when most of the new great 35 (invention) are tech-based. For example, advances in virtual 36 (real), wearable tech and the flexible battery have been made. 37 addition, important advances 38 (make) in medicine and environmental science so far thanks to increasing computer power. New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. What’s more, it’s possible 39 (create) an intelligent walking house. Most inventions start with 40 (recognise) a problem that needs 41 solution. But what remains 42 (importance) is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that’s the real spirit of invention. 【答案】 33．whose 34．were 35．inventions 36．reality 37．In 38．have been made 39．to create 40．recognising 41．a 42．important 【导语】本文主要通过采访理查德·费尔赫斯特博士，介绍了从中国古代四大发明到当代虚拟现实、3D打印等技术革新，阐明了识别问题与保持创造渴望是发明的核心精神。 【详解】33．考查定语从句。句意：理查德·费尔赫斯特博士的新书《发明的新时代》刚刚出版，他接受了采访。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Dr. Richard Fairhurst，指人，关系词在从句中作new book的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。 34．考查动词时态。句意：在中国古代，有四大发明：火药、造纸术、印刷术和指南针。根据时间状语In Ancient China可知，此处描述过去的事实，应用一般过去时；主语four great inventions为复数，be动词用were。 35．考查名词复数。句意：而现在，我们正处于伟大的新技术时代，大多数新的伟大发明都是以技术为基础的。invention为可数名词，由most of the new great修饰，应用复数形式inventions。 36．考查名词。句意：例如，虚拟现实、可穿戴技术和柔性电池都取得了进展。virtual为形容词，空处应用名词reality，作介词in的宾语；virtual reality为固定搭配，意为“虚拟现实”。 37．考查介词。句意：此外，由于计算机能力的不断提升，迄今为止医学和环境科学也取得了重要进展。in addition为固定搭配，意为“此外”，位于句首，首字母大写。 38．考查动词时态和语态。句意同上。根据时间状语so far可知，本句应用现在完成时；主语important advances与make之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，结构为have/has been + done；主语为复数，助动词用have。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：更重要的是，建造一座智能移动房屋是有可能的。it为形式主语，空处应用不定式to create作真正的主语。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数发明始于认识到一个需要解决的问题。空处作介词with的宾语，应用动名词recognising。 41．考查冠词。句意同上。solution为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。 42．考查形容词。句意：但重要的是，我们拥有思考和创造的强烈愿望，这才是真正的发明精神。空处位于系动词remains之后，应用形容词important作表语。 迁移应用篇 一、根据句意完成句子。 1.附近没有人可能会看见他试图闯入那所房子。 There was no one nearby who might see him trying to ______________________． 2. 提到做生意，各国都有其独特之处。 Each nation has its own peculiarities ______________________________． 3.每当出了问题，他总是试图将责任归咎于别人。 He always tries to _____________________________ when something goes wrong. 4.由于下雨，比赛取消了。 _______________________________________________________the match was cancelled. 5. 多亏了那份工作，我才成了一个喜欢阅读的人。 ___________________, I became an avid reader. 【答案】 1. break into the house 2. when it comes to doing business 3. lay/put the blame on others 4. Owing to/Because of/Due to/On account of/As a result of the rain 5. Thanks to the job 二、应用文写作 （25-26高一下·江苏南京·期末）假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Johnson给你发来邮件，询问你最钦佩的科学家是谁。请你用英语回复一封邮件，内容包括: 1. 你最钦佩的科学家的简介并阐述钦佩原因; 2. 这位科学家对你的影响。 注意 1. 词数80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Johnson, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________Best regards Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Johnson, I'm glad to receive your email. The scientist I admire most is Yuan Longping, known as the "Father of Hybrid Rice". He devoted his whole life to developing high-yield rice, which greatly helped solve global hunger. Besides his great achievements, his modesty and perseverance impress me deeply. Despite his great fame, he remained committed to the fields, constantly striving for better rice varieties. He has inspired me to study science hard. I hope to make small contributions to society with knowledge in the future. Best regards Li Hua $