Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元提升强化练-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 1　Science and Scientists单元提升强化练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025海南海口海南中学高二上期中) In 1957 a group of physicists gathered in a lecture hall to be addressed by a Chinese American woman.As she told her recent experiment and its results,the response was dead silence for two minutes,then a thunderous applause continued for ten minutes.The woman was Chien-Shiung Wu,known as the First Lady of Physics,who transformed nuclear science through her work on the Manhattan Project and other groundbreaking experiments. Born in 1912,Wu was unlike many Chinese women of her time,and received a formal education.Fascinated by new discoveries and the story of women scientists,she entered the university to study physics and began scientific studies. It was a time of rapid change in both the field of physics and China.Domestic unrest and a bad relationship with Japan made life at home uneasy.With the help of an uncle,she immigrated to the United States for graduate school. Wu planned to go to the University of Michigan,but a tour of the University of California,Berkeley — and word that a student center at Michigan did not allow female students to enter through the front door — changed her mind.At Berkeley Wu was visible for her gender and race,her male colleagues commenting as much on her appearance as her keen mind.She quickly gained a reputation and became an expert in the newly discovered phenomenon of nuclear fission (核裂变). After graduation,she headed to Smith College to teach women physics.During World War Ⅱ Wu went to Princeton University,where she became the physics department’s first female instructor.But shortly after her arrival,her career took an unexpected turn in 1944.She ended up joining the staff at Columbia University on a top-secret research program now known as the Manhattan Project. 1.Why did the lecture cause a thunderous applause? A.Because the lecture was boring. B.Because the lecture was humorous. C.Because the lecture was excellent. D.Because the lecture was common. 2.What inspired Wu to study physics? A.The formal education she received. B.The success of women scientists. C.The background of her family. D.The rapid change in the field of physics. 3.What happened to Wu in America? A.She was looked down on at Berkeley. B.She went to the University of Michigan at first. C.She taught women physics at Princeton University. D.She joined a top-secret research program at Columbia University. 4.Which of the following best describes Wu as a scientist? A.Modest and independent. B.Creative and warm-hearted. C.Responsible and cautious. D.Committed and ambitious. B (2025北京九中高二上期中) For several decades,there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science,funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science.In response,scientists have tended to stress the success of science.After all,scientists have been right about most things. Stressing successes isn’t wrong,but for many people it’s not persuasive.An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science?” is that scientists use the so-called scientific method.If you’ve got a high school science textbook lying around,you’ll probably find that answer in it.But what is typically thought to be the scientific method — develop a hypothesis (假设),then design an experiment to test it — isn’t what scientists actually do.Science is dynamic:new methods get invented;old ones get abandoned;and sometimes,scientists can be found doing many different things. If there is no identifiable scientific method,then what is the reason for trust in science?The answer is how those claims are evaluated.The common element in modern science,regardless of the specific field or the particular methods being used,is the strict scrutiny (审查) of claims.It’s this tough,sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected.A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation (责任) to find faults. A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively.No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens,if not hundreds,of heads.In areas that have been contested,like climate science and vaccine safety,it’s thousands.This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist,even a very famous one,disagrees with the claim.And this is why diversity in science — the more people looking at a claim from different angles — is important. Does this process ever go wrong?Of course.Scientists are humans.There is always the possibility of revising a claim on the basis of new evidence.Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed,they do exist.But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (矛盾的):that science produces both novelty and stability.Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence,but this is a strength of science,not a weakness. 5.How does the author think of the scientific method? A.Stable.　　　　 B.Persuasive. C.Changeable. D.Unrealistic. 6.What does the underlined word “vetted” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Explained. B.Examined. C.Repeated. D.Released. 7.According to the passage,what may the author agree? A.It is not persuasive to reject those faulty claims. B.Settled science tends to be collectively overturned. C.A leading expert cannot play a decisive role in a scrutiny. D.Diversity in knowledge is the common element in science. 8.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A.Put Your Faith in Science B.Defend the Truth in Science C.Apply Your Mind to Science D.Explore a Dynamic Way to Science C (2025广西高二上期中) Tired of standing in line?Wait a bit longer,and you may never have to again. Amazon has opened 24 of its Amazon Go stores,which use cameras and artificial intelligence (AI) to see what you’ve taken off shelves and charge you as you walk out.Some companies are closely copying Amazon’s approach to using AI-powered cameras fixed in ceilings.But others are trying an entirely different way to skip the checkout:smart shopping carts.These companies have added cameras and sensors to the carts,and are using AI to tell what you’ve put in them.Customers pay by entering a credit card,or through an online payment system.When a customer exits the store,a green light on the shopping cart shows that their order is complete,and they’re charged. The companies behind the smart carts,including Caper and Veeve,say it’s much easier to add technology to the shopping cart than to an entire store.Amazon’s Go stores rely on hundreds of cameras in the ceiling.The shelves also include sensors to tell when an item is removed.Ahmed Beshry,co-founder of Caper,believes the technology to run Go is too expensive to use in a large-format grocery store.Neither Caper nor Veeve has said how much their smart shopping carts will cost,making it difficult to compare the different formats.Shariq Siddiqui,CEO of Veeve,said,“We’re always happy when Amazon is doing something.They force retailers (零售店) to get out of their old school thinking.” Each time a business uses AI and cameras,it raises questions about customers’ privacy and the effect on jobs.Beshry notes that the cameras in his shopping cart point down into the cart,so only a customer’s hand and part of hir or her arm will be captured on cameras. 9.What do we know about the smart shopping carts? A.They are able to recognize goods put in them. B.They are linked to the cameras fixed in the ceilings. C.They flash the green light when the order is canceled. D.They can tell customers where to find what they want. 10.What does Beshry think of the technology used in Amazon’s Go stores? A.It is likely to help retailers to think differently. B.It has attracted many more retailers than before. C.It is far more expensive than their shopping carts. D.It may reduce the cost of running a store greatly. 11.When it comes to AI and cameras,what makes the public worried most? A.That they can only buy goods online. B.That goods in the stores may be more expensive. C.That they have to wait in a line for a longer time. D.That somebody may know their privacy. 12.What is the main idea of the text? A.The new technology improves retail sale. B.AI-powered cameras are used in retail stores. C.Artificial intelligence affects the future of the job market. D.Smart shopping carts will let you skip the line. Ⅱ.七选五 (2025江苏南通海安中学高二上期中) Many of us have a dream that we would love to achieve.Having dreams is fine,but achieving them is another thing.It covers a lot of elements,like determination,motivation,single-mindedness,courage,commitment and so on.　1　 Staying motivated can be hard,especially if you think you are frustrated frequently.  How do we get motivated to realize our dreams?The first thing that can’t be ignored is to figure out our dreams.Actually,our dream is usually a bit vague.　2　 The next step is to turn it into a series of goals.A long-term goal will be the ultimate dream — let’s say,setting up a new business.Short-term and medium-term goals will be the stages on the road to the final goal.  If you have set goals step by step,it’s time to keep yourself motivated.Above all,being positive is of great importance.　3　 Once faced with such situations,you should find a support system.After all,surroundings have a great influence on what people are like.In view of this,you’d better mix with motivated people around us to keep you in high spirits.Because such guys always smile at any difficulties,firmly believing that after the wind and rain,there is a rainbow.　4　 And they can provide you with positive emotional value,such as encouragement,support and appreciation.If surrounded by those people,how can you suffer from frustration and negative thoughts?  　5　 What you should do is tackle it as soon as you realize your motivation has gone.Think about why your self-motivation has been lost and then look at how you can bring it back.Don’t ignore it,or you will come to regret your lack of action.Work to get that self-motivation back and get back on the road to success.  A.Your plan itself is a foundation of self-motivation. B.So it is necessary to make a clear whole plan in advance. C.Their optimism and confidence must reflect back on you. D.Among them,I think motivation is the most important one. E.In addition,it is important not to worry about losing motivation. F.There are so many sources available to anyone seeking motivation. G.However,you are often stuck in frustration and even doubt yourself. Ⅲ.完形填空 (2025广东华侨中学高二上期中) Heman Bekele,a 14-year-old from Virginia,stood out as the winner of the 2023 Young Scientist Challenge.Among the ten finalists he　1　 the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist” with his 　2　 creation known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS),a bar of soap created for the very first time at a low cost to treat melanoma,the most common kind of skin cancer.  Rather than a cure,Bekele’s brilliant idea　3　 the development of a soap that aims to help the patient’s cells stay active while fighting melanoma.He always has endless passion for biology and technology,and the Young Scientist Challenge just 　4　 him with the perfect platform to display his ideas.Reflecting on his 　5　 Bekele shared that his childhood experience had played a crucial role in 　6　 his innovative thinking.“Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun,I wanted to raise people’s awareness of 　7　 related to constant sun exposure.”  “I wanted to make my idea accessible to a broad audience.” Bekele remarked during an interview with the media.Bekele also passionately expressed his 　8　 of turning the soap into a world where skin cancer treatment is within 　9　 for all. He was grateful that he had received invaluable 　10　 from a product-engineering specialist,who connected him with other scientists to 　11　 him in reaching his ambitious plans.  While similar methods are available for skin cancer treatments,his solution is a more　12　 option.In the future,Bekele longs to 　13　 his invention by trial and error and establish a nonprofit organization 　14　 to providing fair skin cancer treatment to as many people as possible,bringing 　15　 to the battle against skin cancer.  1.A.obtained B.desired C.analyzed D.defeated 2.A.efficient B.objective C.potential D.groundbreaking 3.A.insists on B.switches on C.focuses on D.agrees on 4.A.armed B.satisfied C.provided D.assisted 5.A.profession B.inspiration C.determination D.imagination 6.A.shaping B.displaying C.obeying D.detecting 7.A.challenges B.theories C.prospect D.advantages 8.A.fear B.doubt C.surprise D.dream 9.A.distance B.space C.limit D.reach 10.A.praise B.welcome C.guidance D.invitation 11.A.require B.remind C.press D.assist 12.A.fashionable B.affordable C.accurate D.relevant 13.A.perfect B.clear C.control D.picture 14.A.used B.addicted C.committed D.opposed 15.A.recognition B.hope C.comfort D.device Ⅳ.语法填空 (2025河北保定六校高二上期中) Benjamin Lou is a computer scientist and advocate who was born with a rare genetic disorder 1.　　　　　(call) spinal muscular atrophy (SMA),which affects the muscles used for moving the body.At the age of one,he became 2.　　　　　　(complete) paralyzed (瘫痪) from the chest down,making it difficult for him to breathe,feed himself,or move around without assistance.Despite these 3.　　　　　　(challenge),Benjamin beat the odds and entered Massachusetts Institute of Technology,4.　　　　　　 he earned a degree in computer science and artificial intelligence.  By now,Benjamin 5.　　　　　　(become) an inspirational figure for individuals with disabilities,using his experiences to raise 6.　　　　　　(aware) about the importance of accessibility to technology and advocating policies that make digital tools more usable for people with disabilities.He has also worked on 7.　　　　　　(develop) assistive technologies,such as a voice-controlled computer interface that can be used by people with limited mobility.  In addition 8.　　　　　　　　 his work in technology,Benjamin is a passionate advocate for disability rights,using his platform to challenge stereotypes and promote understanding of living with a disability.Through his writing and speaking engagements,he hopes to encourage others 9.　　　　　　　　(accept) their differences and work towards creating 10.　　　　　　 more inclusive society for all.  知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.claim n. 　　　　　  2.frustration n. 　　　　　  3.tackle vt. 　　　　　　　　　  4.crucial adj. 　　　　　　　　  二、熟词生义 1.word　本文义:n.　　　　　　　  其他义:n. 　　　　　  2.raise　本文义:vt. 　　　　　　　  其他义:vt. 　　　　　  三、词块速记 1.dead silence 　　　　　　　　　  2.be fascinated by 　　　　　　　　  3.in response 　　　　　　　  4.be tired of 　　　　　  5.trial and error 　　　　　　　　　　　  四、长难句分析 The woman was Chien-Shiung Wu,known as the First Lady of Physics,who transformed nuclear science through her work on the Manhattan Project and other groundbreaking experiments. 本句是一个复合句,The woman was Chien-Shiung Wu 是　　　　　　;known as...是过去分词短语作　　　　　　,who引导　　　　　　　　　　　　。  句意:  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考答案 Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了“物理界第一夫人”吴健雄的生平,讲述了她的求学经历、科研之路以及对核科学的贡献。 1.C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As she told her recent experiment and its results,the response was dead silence for two minutes,then a thunderous applause continued for ten minutes.”可知,当她向听众介绍她的实验和结果后,现场先是沉默了两分钟,随后是长达十分钟的雷鸣般的掌声,由此可推知,她的演讲很精彩。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fascinated by new discoveries and the story of women scientists,she entered the university to study physics and began scientific studies.”可知,吴健雄被新发现和女科学家的故事所吸引,所以选择学习物理。 3.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But shortly after her...program now known as the Manhattan Project.”可知,吴健雄到美国后,加入了哥伦比亚大学的一个绝密研究项目,该项目现在被称为曼哈顿计划。 4.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The woman was Chien-Shiung Wu,...other groundbreaking experiments.”、第四段以及最后一段中的“After graduation,she headed to Smith College to teach women ...where she became the physics department’s first female instructor.”可知,吴健雄致力于物理学的研究,并取得很多开创性的成果,故她是一个具有奉献精神和有雄心的科学家。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了为什么科学值得我们信任。 5.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But what is typically thought to be the scientific method...scientists can be found doing many different things.”可知,作者认为科学不是一成不变的,是新的方法不断发明,取代旧的方法。即科学方法不是固定的,而是变化的,我们不能一成不变地依赖一种方法。 6.B　词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句的前文“A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively.”可知,科学判断的一个关键方面是集体判断。由此推知,画线词意为“审查,仔细检查”。 7.C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively...disagrees with the claim.”可知,科学观点是经过多人审查的,而不是某一个人,即使是非常著名的科学家也不能在审查中起决定性作用。 8.A　标题归纳题。根据第一段及最后一段中的“Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence,but this is a strength of science,not a weakness.”可知,文章主要论述了我们为什么要相信科学。由此可知,A项适合作本文最佳标题。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新科技——智能购物车。它可以让人们免去长时间排队等待结账。 9.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But others are trying an entirely different way to skip the checkout:smart shopping carts...using AI to tell what you’ve put in them.”可知,智能购物车上增加了摄像机和传感器,并运用AI技术可以告知你购物车里放了什么东西,即智能购物车能够识别放在购物车里面的货物。 10.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Ahmed Beshry,co-founder of Caper,believes the technology to run Go is too expensive to use in a large-format grocery store.”可知 Beshry认为把运用到Go商店的技术应用到大型杂货店里太昂贵了。 11.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Each time a business uses AI and cameras,it raises questions about customers’ privacy and the effect on jobs.”可知,当提到 AI 技术和摄像机时,公众最担心的是隐私问题和对工作的影响。 12.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章围绕智能购物车展开,D项“智能购物车会让你跳过排队”符合文意。 Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了实现梦想,保持动力的方法。 1.D　根据上下文可知,题空处承接上下文,说明作者很看重诸多要素中的动力。D项中的“motivation”呼应下文的“Staying motivated”。 2.B　根据下文“The next step is to turn it into a series of goals.”可知,题空处应说明第一步应该怎么做。故B项“因此,有必要提前制定一个明确的整体计划”切题,下文中的“it”指代B选项中的“plan”。 3.G　根据上下文推知题空处与上文为转折关系,说明与积极相反的情况。故G项切题,下文的“such situations”指选项G中提到的“常常陷入沮丧,甚至怀疑自己”的情况。 4.C　根据上文“In view of this,you’d better mix with...after the wind and rain,there is a rainbow.”可知,题空处承接上文说明与积极的人交往对自己的影响。故C项切题。 5.E　根据下文“What you should do is tackle it as soon as you realize your motivation has gone...get back on the road to success.”可知,下文主要告诉我们在失去动力时应该怎么处理,所以不要担心会失去动力。故E选项切题。 Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了14岁少年Heman Bekele因发明低成本治疗黑色素瘤的肥皂而获得2023年“美国顶尖年轻科学家”称号的故事。 1.A　根据上文“stood out as the winner”及下文“the title of ‘America’s Top Young Scientist’”可知,此处obtain意为获得。 2.D　根据下文“created for the very first time”可知,这项发明是首次创造出来的,具有开创性。 3.C　根据下文“the development of a soap that aims to help the patient’s cells stay active while fighting melanoma”可知,此处指专注于开发一种肥皂。 4.C　根据下文“him with the perfect platform to display his ideas”可知,比赛为他提供了展示自己想法的平台。 5.B　根据上文“his childhood experience had played a crucial role”可知,此处指回顾他的灵感来源。 6.A　根据下文“his innovative thinking”可知,童年经历塑造了他的创新思维。 7.A　根据上文“work tirelessly under the sun”及下文“related to constant sun exposure”可知,此处指持续暴露在阳光下所带来的挑战。 8.D　根据下文“turning the soap into a world”可知,此处指他的梦想。 9.D　根据上文“a world where skin cancer treatment is within”可知,此处指触手可及,within reach为固定短语,意为“触手可及;够得着”。 10.C　根据上文“invaluable”及下文“from a product-engineering specialist”可知,此处指专家给了他宝贵的指导。 11.D　根据上文“connected him with other scientists”可知,此处指帮助他实现计划。 12.B　根据上文“at a low cost to treat melanoma”可知,他的解决方案更实惠,负担得起。 13.A　根据下文“by trial and error”可知,他希望通过试验完善发明。 14.C　根据下文“to providing fair skin cancer treatment to as many people as possible”可知,该组织致力于提供公平治疗。 15.B　根据上文“bringing”及下文“to the battle against skin cancer”可知,此处指带来希望。 Ⅳ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了出生时患有罕见病的励志少年Benjamin Lou,他克服各种挑战进入麻省理工学院,成为一名计算机科学家的故事。 1.called　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语动词is,故题空处作非谓语。动词call和“genetic disorder”之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,故填called。 2.completely　考查词性转换。设空处修饰形容词“paralyzed” 应填副词形式,故填completely。 3.challenges　考查名词复数。challenge是可数名词,由空前的“these”可知应用复数形式,故填challenges。 4.where　考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Massachusetts Institute of Technology,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。 5.has become　考查时态和主谓一致。根据“By now”可知句子用现在完成时,主语表示单数意义,故填has become。 6.awareness　考查名词。设空处作动词“raise”的宾语,应填名词,故填awareness。 7.developing　考查非谓语动词。work on doing sth“致力于做某事”,故此处应用动名词形式,故填developing。 8.to　考查固定短语。句意:除了从事科技工作外,Benjamin还是残疾人权利的热情倡导者,利用他的平台挑战刻板印象,促进对残疾人生活的理解。in addition to除了,故填to。 9.to accept　考查非谓语动词。句意:通过他的写作和演讲,他希望鼓励其他人接受他们的差异,并努力为所有人创造一个更加包容的社会。encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事,故填to accept。 10.a　考查冠词。society“社会”,用作可数名词,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,more首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。 知识积累卡 一、1.主张　2.挫折　3.着手处理,解决　4.至关重要的 二、1.消息　话语;单词　2.提出　提升 三、1.死一样的寂静　2.被……所吸引　3.作为回应　4.厌烦　5.反复试验,不断摸索 四、主句　后置定语　非限制性定语从句 这位女士就是被称为“物理学第一夫人”的吴建雄,她通过在曼哈顿计划和其他开创性实验中的工作改变了核科学。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $