Unit 5 Languages Around the World（知识清单）英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语Unit 5“Languages Around the World”知识清单系统整合了词汇、语法、写作三大核心模块，涵盖阅读词汇、写作词汇、词汇变形等多维度词汇训练，定语从句（关系副词）语法精讲，以及英语学习问题求助与经验分享写作指导，为学生构建从基础积累到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“高考频次标注+易错点专项突破+核心语法等价转换”构建知识体系，如将refer、despite等高频词标注考查频次，用“despite是介词，后接名词doing”助记口诀突破语法陷阱，设计定语从句“when=in which”等价转换表培养思维品质。配套写作框架、范文及多样化练习题，帮助学生提升语言能力与学习能力，教师可直接用于课堂教学与分层辅导，提升教学效率。

Unit 5 Languages Around the World 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅 2. ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 3. date back (to ...) 追溯到 4. no matter where/who/what 不论……；不管…… 5. point of view 观点；看法 6. relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到 二、写作词汇： 1. be based on 以……为基础 2. despite all difficulties 尽管困难重重 3. struggle for 为……奋斗/努力 4. appreciate the value of 珍视……的价值 5. meet the demand 满足需求 6. have a positive attitude to 对……持有积极态度 三、词汇变形： 1. refer vi. 参考；提及 → reference n. 参考；指称关系 2. vary v. 变化 → variety n. 多样化；变体 → various adj. 各种各样的 3. major v. 主修 → majority n. 大多数 4. globe n. 地球 → global adj. 全球的；全世界的 5. appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激 → appreciation n. 感激；欣赏 6. describe vt. 描述 → description n. 描写；形容 7. relate vt. 联系 → relation n. 关系 → relationship n. 人际关系 四、拓展词汇 1. billion n. 十亿 2. native adj. 本地的；土著的 n. 本地人 3. attitude n. 态度；看法 4. system n. 体系；制度；系统 5. factor n. 因素；要素 6. symbol n. 符号；象征 7. carve vt./vi. 雕刻 8. dynasty n. 王朝；朝代 9. dialect n. 方言；地方话 10. vocabulary n. 词汇 五、熟词生义 1. native 【熟义】本土的；本地的 【生义】adj. 天赋的；与生俱来的 2. means 【熟义】方式；方法 【生义】n. 财力；财富 3. affair 【熟义】公共事务；事件 【生义】n. 私事；绯闻 4. demand 【熟义】要求 【生义】n./v. （市场）需求；需要 5. appreciate 【熟义】感激；欣赏 【生义】vi. （资产）增值；涨价 写作 句型 1. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu ... 译文：它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期…… 2. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. 译文：即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写（文字）进行交流。 3. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language. 译文：随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。 4. I can never quite get the main idea. Any advice? 译文：我从来就没能完全搞懂过大意。有什么建议吗？ 语法 定语从句（二）——关系副词 where / when / why 写作 英语学习问题求助与经验分享 一、知识点精讲 1. refer v. 提及；参考；查阅；指代 高考频次：2024-2026年考查8次（短语超高频） 例句：You may refer to your notes when reviewing key points. 复习重难点时你可以查阅笔记。 必考短语 ①refer to 提及；参考；指代 ②refer to A as B 把A称作B ③reference n. 参考；参考文献 2. despite prep. 尽管；不管 高考频次：2024-2026年考查7次（语法填空、改错、写作） 例句：Despite many difficulties, we never give up our dreams. 尽管困难重重，我们从未放弃梦想。 考点辨析 despite + 名词/代词/动名词；though/although + 完整句子 3. date back to 追溯到；始于 高考频次：2024-2026年考查6次（语法填空时态必考） 例句：This traditional custom dates back to hundreds of years ago. 这项传统习俗可追溯至数百年前。 核心考点 date back to 只用一般现在时，无被动 拓展短语 out of date 过时的；up-to-date 最新的 4. major adj. 主要的；重大的 v. 主修 n. 专业 高考频次：2024-2026年考查5次（阅读、语法填空） 例句：Practice is a major part of language learning. 练习是语言学习的主要部分。 词汇拓展 major in 主修……专业 majority n. 大多数 5. no matter + wh- 无论…… 高考频次：2024-2026年考查6次（状语从句必考） 例句：No matter what happens, we should keep positive. 无论发生什么，我们都应保持积极心态。 核心考点 no matter who/what/how/when/where 仅引导让步状语从句；whatever/whoever 可引导名词性从句 6. regard v. 认为；看作 n. 尊重；关注 高考频次：2024-2026年考查7次（短语、句型） 例句：We regard honesty as one of the most important virtues. 我们将诚信视为最重要的美德之一。 高频短语 ①regard A as B 把A看作B ②regardless of 不管；不顾 ③as regards 关于；至于 7. appreciate v. 感激；欣赏；重视 高考频次：2024-2026年考查8次（语法填空最高频） 例句：We should appreciate the hard work of our parents and teachers. 我们应当感恩父母与老师的付出。 核心考点 appreciate it if... 如果你……我将不胜感激（写作万能句型） 词汇拓展 appreciation n. 感激；欣赏；鉴赏力 8. equal adj. 平等的；相等的 v. 等于；比得上 高考频次：2024-2026年考查4次（阅读、写作） 例句：Everyone is equal before the law. 法律面前人人平等。 固定搭配 be equal to 等同于；胜任 9. demand n. 需求；要求 v. 要求；需要 高考频次：2024-2026年考查5次（语法填空、阅读） 例句：Society demands young people to master more practical skills. 社会要求年轻人掌握更多实用技能。 高频搭配 meet/satisfy the demand 满足需求 demanding adj. 要求高的；费力的 10. relate v. 联系；相关；讲述 高考频次：2024-2026年考查6次（语法填空、阅读） 例句：Daily behavior is closely related to personal qualities. 日常行为与个人素养密切相关。 核心搭配 ①relate to 与……相关；理解体谅 ②be related to 与……有关 ③relation/relationship n. 关系；联系 二、核心语法精讲 限制性定语从句（关系副词 when/where/why） 一、核心考点总览 本单元重点考查关系副词引导的限制性定语从句，对应Unit4关系代词，共同构成高考定语从句完整体系。关系副词在从句中只作状语、不作主宾表，从句主干成分完整，核心可等价替换为「介词+which」，是语法填空、改错高频考点。三大关系副词精准对应时间、地点、原因三类场景，规则固定、可直接套用。 二、三大关系副词逐类精讲（含等价转换+时事例句） 1. when 时间关系副词 核心规则：先行词为时间名词（time、day、year、moment、occasion等），when在从句中作时间状语。 等价转换：when = in/on/at/during which（根据先行词搭配选择对应介词） 判定口诀：从句主谓完整，缺“在这个时间”状语，即用when。 例句：We cherish the year when traditional Chinese culture gained global popularity. 我们珍视中国传统文化风靡全球的那一年。（when = in which） 高频易错：若先行词在从句中作主语/宾语，不能用when，必须改用which/that。 2. where 地点关系副词 核心规则：先行词为具体地点或抽象地点，where在从句中作地点状语。 等价转换：where = in/at which 必考抽象地点：case（情况）、situation（情形）、position（处境）、stage（阶段）、environment（环境），无实体地点也统一用where。 例句：We live in a situation where cross-cultural communication happens every day. 我们身处一个跨文化交流日日发生的环境中。（抽象地点，where = in which） 例句：This is the ancient city where many foreign tourists experience Chinese traditional culture. 这就是众多外国游客体验中国传统文化的古城。（具体地点，where = in which） 高频易错：抽象地点是高考重灾区，切忌误用which/that。 3. why 原因关系副词 核心规则：唯一固定先行词the reason，why在从句中作原因状语，表“因为这个原因”。 等价转换：why = for which（唯一固定介词for，不可替换） 例句：This is the reason why more teenagers choose to learn foreign languages. 这就是越来越多青少年选择学习外语的原因。（why = for which） 高频易错：先行词非the reason，不可用why；若the reason在从句中作主宾，改用which/that。 三、高考万能做题步骤（秒判关系副词/代词） 1. 找先行词：定时间/地点/reason； 2. 代入从句：看是否缺主/宾/表； 3. 缺主宾→用关系代词(that/which/who)；句子完整缺状语→用关系副词(when/where/why)。 四、核心等价转换速记表 when = in/on/at which（时间状语） where = in/at which（具体地点+抽象地点） why = for which（仅限the reason） 定语从句·关系副词专项练习 单选题 1. I still remember the day ______ I first came to this beautiful senior high school. A. that　B. which　C. when　D. where 答案：C 解析：先行词the day表时间，从句结构完整（主谓齐全，不缺主宾），不需要关系代词，用关系副词when在句中作时间状语，故选C。 2. This is the community ______ many teenagers take part in volunteer activities every weekend. A. where　B. when　C. which　D. that 答案：A 解析：先行词the community表地点，从句句意完整、成分齐全，用关系副词where在句中作地点状语，指代in the community，故选A。 3. Please tell me the reason______ you gave up joining the school sports team. A. why　B. that　C. which　D. when 答案：A 解析：先行词为the reason表原因，固定用法用关系副词why引导定语从句，在从句中作原因状语，表“……的原因”，故选A。 4. We visited the village ______ the famous volleyball player Lang Ping once lived and worked. A. when　B. where　C. which　D. what 答案：B 解析：先行词the village是地点，从句中lived and worked为不及物动词，句子成分完整，用where作地点状语，故选B。 5. I will never forget the moment ______ I succeeded in solving my learning problems. A. which　B. that　C. when　D. why 答案：C 解析：先行词the moment表时间，从句主干完整，用关系副词when作时间状语，指代at the moment，故选C。 三、单元写作清单 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 世界语言 写作体裁：学习博客/咨询求助信（应用文） 写作话题：English study blog 英语学习问题求助与经验分享 1. 话题分析 本单元写作贴合语言学习主题，可用于博客分享或求助信写作。核心内容分为两类：一是描述自身英语学习的困惑（词汇匮乏、语法薄弱、听说能力差），向他人求助学习建议；二是分享个人有效的英语学习方法与经验。行文语气真诚、条理清晰，句式灵活，贴合高中生英语学习实际，是单元期末、月考高频写作题型。 2. 写作框架 第一段（开篇引入）：点明英语学习的重要性，引出自己的学习现状（存在的困难/收获的经验）。 第二段（主体核心内容）：若为求助：具体列举学习难点，说明自己的困扰，诚恳寻求建议；若为分享：分点介绍词汇、语法、听说读写的实用学习方法。 第三段（结尾总结）：表达坚持学习的决心，或感谢帮助、期待交流进步。 3. 写作素材 高频句型 ① English is one of the most important languages in the world. ② I have some trouble in learning English, especially in listening and vocabulary. ③ It is difficult for me to memorize new words and master grammar rules. ④ I hope you can give me some practical advice to improve my English. ⑤ Keeping reading and listening every day is an effective way to learn English. ⑥ I believe constant practice will help me make progress. 高频词汇 memorize vocabulary 记忆词汇；master grammar 掌握语法；improve listening and speaking 提升听说能力；effective learning methods 有效的学习方法；constant practice 坚持练习；make progress 取得进步；practical advice 实用建议 4. 范文背诵（求助信版） Dear Sir/Madam, I am a senior high school student. I know English is of great importance for our study and future development, but I have met many difficulties in my English study. I have two main problems. First, I find it hard to memorize new English words, so my vocabulary is too limited. Second, I can’t understand grammar rules well, which makes it difficult for me to write correct sentences. Besides, my listening and speaking skills are not good enough. I really want to improve my English but don’t know what to do. I would be grateful if you could offer me some practical learning suggestions. I will stick to effective methods and keep practicing to make progress. Yours faithfully, Li Hua 易错点01 refer to多义搭配+词形陷阱 助记口诀：refer to可查可提及，可指可涉多含义，名词reference要牢记。 一句话辨异：When we refer to traditional culture, we always refer to the treasures passed down from ancient times. 当我们提及传统文化时，我们指的是代代传承的瑰宝。 【错因辨析】 1. refer to四大高考词义：①查阅、参考；②提及、说到；③指代、意指；④涉及、关乎。 2. 固定搭配：refer to A as B 把A称作B（必考）。 3. 词形易错：refer (v.) → reference (n. 参考、文献)，双写r变形，学生常拼写错误。 【对点训练】 1. People often refer to this festival ______ a symbol of traditional culture.（填空） 答案：as 解析：refer to A as B 固定搭配。 2. You can look up the ______ (refer) books for more information.（词形转换） 答案：reference 易错点02 despite介词用法从句陷阱 助记口诀：despite是介词，后接名词doing，不接句子记分明。 一句话辨异：Despite facing countless difficulties, we never give up our dreams and keep moving forward. 尽管面临无数困难，我们从未放弃梦想，始终前行。 【错因辨析】 1. 终极语法陷阱：despite + 名词/代词/doing，绝对不能接完整句子。 2. 同义替换：despite = in spite of（介词短语，用法一致）；though/although（连词，后接完整句子），改错高频辨析。 3. 学生高频错误：Despite he is tired, he keeps studying.（完全错误） 【对点训练】 1. Despite ______ (be) busy, she still sticks to reading every day.（填空） 答案：being 解析：despite后接动名词形式。 2. ______ (Although/Despite) it rains, we will go camping.（选词填空） 答案：Although 解析：后接完整句子，必须用连词although。 易错点03 date back to时态语态固定规则 助记口诀：追溯只用现在时，无被无进无过去，固定时态不偏移。 一句话辨异：This ancient building dates back to the Ming Dynasty and has a long history of hundreds of years. 这座古建筑追溯至明朝，拥有数百年悠久历史。 【错因辨析】 1. 高考绝对规则：date back to 只用一般现在时，无被动语态、无过去式、无进行时。 2. 高频错误：学生常写dated back to/ is dated back to，全部错误。 3. 衍生短语：out of date 过时的；up-to-date 最新的（写作高频）。 【对点训练】 1. The custom ______ (date) back to the 18th century.（语法填空） 答案：dates 解析：固定时态规则，只用一般现在时。 2. This old tradition is not ______ of date.（填空） 答案：out 易错点04 no matter wh-与wh-ever从句区别 助记口诀：no matter只让步，ever两类从句驻，名词状语都能入。 一句话辨异：No matter what difficulties we meet, we will stick to our goals; whatever helps us grow is valuable. 无论遇到什么困难，我们都坚守目标；任何助力我们成长的事物都是宝贵的。 【错因辨析】 1. no matter + wh-：仅引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句（主语、宾语从句）。 2. wh-ever（whatever/whoever等）：既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。 3. 语法填空高频考点：名词性从句只能用ever类，不能用no matter类。 【对点训练】 1. ______ (Whatever/No matter what) you do is worth respecting.（选词填空） 答案：Whatever 解析：引导主语从句，只能用whatever。 2. No matter ______ hard he tries, he never regrets his choice.（填空） 答案：how 易错点05 appreciate高频句型+熟词生义 助记口诀：appreciate后接it if，感激欣赏两大义，增值生义要知悉。 一句话辨异：I would greatly appreciate it if you could offer me some useful advice on my study. 如果你能给我一些有用的学习建议，我将不胜感激。 【错因辨析】 1. 写作万能固定句型：appreciate it if... 不胜感激，必须加形式宾语it，不可直接接if从句。 2. 基础词义：感激、欣赏；高考熟词生义：（资产、价值）增值、涨价。 3. 词形易错：appreciate (v.) → appreciation (n. 感激、欣赏)。 【对点训练】 1. I appreciate ______ if you can help me solve the problem.（填空） 答案：it 解析：固定句型，it作形式宾语。 2. His ______ (appreciate) of traditional art is beyond ordinary people.（词形转换） 答案：appreciation 一、默写重点单词（汉译英） 1. ___________ vi. 参考；提及 2. ___________ v. 变化；改变 3. ___________ v. 主修；专攻 4. ___________ n. 地球；球体 5. ___________ vt. 欣赏；感激 6. ___________ vt. 描述；描绘 7. ___________ vt. 联系；相关 8. ___________ n. 态度；看法 9. ___________ n. 因素；要素 10. ___________ n. 词汇 【答案】1. refer 2. vary 3. major 4. globe 5. appreciate 6. describe 7. relate 8. attitude 9. factor 10. vocabulary 二、词汇运用（根据句意及中文提示填空） 1. You can ________(查阅) to the dictionary when you meet new words. 2. Customs ________(变化) from country to country. 3. She ________(主修) in English literature in college. 4. As we all know, English is a ________(全球的) language. 5. I really ________(感激) your kind help. 6. Can you ________(描述) what the stranger looks like? 7. This problem is closely ________(相关的) to our daily life. 8. He has a positive ________(态度) towards study. 9. Hard work is a key ________(因素) of success. 10. You need to enlarge your ________(词汇) to learn English well. 【答案】1. refer 2. vary 3. majors 4. global 5. appreciate 6. describe 7. related 8. attitude 9. factor 10. vocabulary 三、重点句型默写（根据中文补全句子） 1. The history of this language ________________ hundreds of years ago.（固定短语） 这门语言的历史可以追溯到数百年前。 2. Life is full of ________________, so we should keep a peaceful mind.（固定短语） 人生充满沉浮，我们要保持平和的心态。 3. His speech ________________ his own experience and research.（固定搭配） 他的演讲以自身经历和研究为基础。 4. ________________ you learn, you should keep practicing.（让步状语从句） 不管你学什么语言，都要坚持练习。 5. We should learn to ________________ different cultures.（固定搭配） 我们要学会包容、接纳不同的文化。 【答案】 1. dates back to 2. ups and downs 3. is based on 4. No matter what language 5. relate to and respect 四、课文语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China is widely known for its ancient civilisation, 1. ________ has continued into modern times despite many ups and downs. One of the main factors 2. (be) ________ the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It 3. (date) ________ back several thousand years to ancient symbols on animal bones and shells. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a 4. (full) ________ developed writing system. Due to geographical division, different dialects and characters appeared, 5. (lead) ________ to cultural differences. However, Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven states, 6. (allow) ________ the writing system to develop in one direction. This system played a key role 7. ________ uniting Chinese people and culture. Nowadays, written Chinese connects the present 8. ________ the past. People can read ancient classic works. Chinese calligraphy, 9. (be) ________ a unique art form, is an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, more international students 10. (appreciate) ________ Chinese culture through this ancient language. 【答案】 1. which 2. is 3. dates 4. fully 5. leading 6. allowing 7. in 8. with 9. being 10. are appreciating 五、阅读理解 A Chinese ancient civilization has lasted for thousands of years without interruption, which is a miracle in world history. The Chinese writing system plays the most important role in inheriting and spreading Chinese civilization. 　　Ancient Chinese characters first appeared on animal bones and shells. These picture-based symbols developed into a mature writing system in the Shang Dynasty. Due to geographical separation, different dialects and character forms appeared in different regions. It was Emperor Qinshihuang who unified the writing system, which greatly promoted the unity of the Chinese nation and culture. 　　Nowadays, Chinese writing system still connects the past and the present. Modern people can read ancient classic works directly. As a special art form, Chinese calligraphy has become a symbol of Chinese culture. With China’s rising international status, more and more foreign students begin to learn Chinese and appreciate the charm of Chinese traditional culture. 1. What is the key factor for the continuity of Chinese civilization? 　　A. Rich traditional festivals 　　B. The Chinese writing system 　　C. Various ancient dialects 　　D. Advanced ancient technology 2. What contribution did Emperor Qinshihuang make to Chinese culture? 　　A. He invented ancient Chinese characters 　　B. He created Chinese calligraphy 　　C. He unified the Chinese writing system 　　D. He spread Chinese culture abroad 3. What can we infer from the last paragraph? 　　A. Chinese is the easiest language to learn 　　B. Chinese culture is gaining global popularity 　　C. All foreign students love Chinese culture 　　D. Ancient classics are hard for modern people to read 答案与解析 1. 答案：B 解析：原文第一段尾句点明，中华文明未曾中断的主要因素是汉字书写体系，其余选项文中无对应依据。 2. 答案：C 解析：第二段 “It was Emperor Qinshihuang who unified the writing system” 说明秦始皇统一文字，推动民族与文化统一。 3. 答案：B 解析：尾段提到越来越多外国留学生学习汉语、欣赏中华文化，可推断中国文化在全球愈发受欢迎；A、C 表述绝对，D 与原文相反。 B 完形填空（10 空，满分 15 分） Chinese civilization is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. It has continued uninterrupted throughout history, largely 1. ______ the Chinese writing system. 　　At first, ancient Chinese people 2. (carve) ______ simple symbols on bones and shells. These symbols were the origin of Chinese characters. Gradually, the writing system became3. (full) ______ developed. However, geographical division led 4. ______ different dialects and character differences. 　　Emperor Qinshihuang unified the seven states, 5. (make) ______ the writing system develop in one fixed direction. This measure is of great 6. (important) ______ for national unity and cultural inheritance. 　　Today, written Chinese still serves 7. ______ a bridge connecting the past and the present. People can communicate 8. (easy) ______ in writing despite different dialects. Chinese calligraphy, 9. ______ is a unique art, enriches our cultural life. More foreigners are beginning to learn Chinese and recognize the 10. (amaze) ______ charm of Chinese culture. 1. A. thanks to　　B. instead of　　C. except for　　D. according to 2. A. carved　　B. carve　　C. have carved　　D. will carve 3. A. full　　B. fully　　C. fuller　　D. fullest 4. A. in　　B. for　　C. to　　D. from 5. A. make　　B. made　　C. making　　D. to make 6. A. important　　B. importance　　C. importantly　　D. import 7. A. as　　B. for　　C. with　　D. like 8. A. easy　　B. easier　　C. easily　　D. ease 9. A. that　　B. which　　C. what　　D. who 10. A. amazed　　B. amazing　　C. amaze　　D. amazement 答案与解析 1. 答案：A 解析：thanks to 多亏、由于；句意：中华文明绵延不断，很大程度归功于汉字体系。 2. 答案：A 解析：讲述古代发生的动作，用一般过去时 carved。 3. 答案：B 解析：副词 fully 修饰形容词 developed；fully developed 成熟完善的。 4. 答案：C 解析：固定搭配 lead to 导致、造成。 5. 答案：C 解析：现在分词 making 作自然而然的结果状语。 6. 答案：B 解析：great 后接名词；of great importance = very important。 7. 答案：A 解析：固定搭配 serve as 充当、作为。 8. 答案：C 解析：副词 easily 修饰动词 communicate。 9. 答案：B 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，只能用 which。 10. 答案：B 解析：修饰事物 charm 用 - ing 形容词 amazing，意为 “令人震撼的”。 六、语法填空（10 空，满分 15 分） China is famous for its ancient civilisation 1. ______ has lasted thousands of years. One of the main reasons is the unique Chinese writing system. 　　Written Chinese first 2. (date) ______ back to ancient symbols on animal bones and shells. By the Shang Dynasty, the writing system 3. (become) ______ well-developed. Before the Qin Dynasty, geographical division caused many 4. (variety) ______ of characters and dialects. 　　Emperor Qinshihuang unified the country, 5. (allow) ______ the writing system to develop steadily. It played a key role in 6. (unite) ______ Chinese people and culture. 　　Nowadays, written Chinese connects modern society 7. ______ ancient history. People can read ancient classic works 8. (smooth) ______. Chinese calligraphy has become 9. ______ valuable cultural treasure. As China develops rapidly, more global learners10. (value) ______ the Chinese writing system and culture. 答案与解析 1. 答案：which/that 解析：限制性定语从句，先行词 civilisation 指物，关系代词可用 which/that。 2. 答案：dates 解析：固定短语 date back to 追溯到，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语单数。 3. 答案：had become 解析：by + 过去时间（商朝），表示 “过去之前已经完成”，用过去完成时。 4. 答案：varieties 解析：many 后接可数名词复数；varieties of 各种各样的。 5. 答案：allowing 解析：现在分词作结果状语，表统一国家带来的结果。 6. 答案：uniting 解析：介词 in 后接动名词。 7. 答案：with 解析：固定搭配 connect…with… 把…… 和…… 联系起来。 8. 答案：smoothly 解析：副词修饰动词 read。 9. 答案：a 解析：treasure 此处为可数名词，表 “一件瑰宝”，辅音音素开头用 a。 10. 答案：value 解析：由 nowadays 可知用一般现在时，主语 learners 为复数，动词原形 value。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Languages Around the World 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. 指的是；描述；提到；查阅 2. 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 3. 追溯到 4. 不论……；不管…… 5. 观点；看法 6. 与……相关；涉及；谈到 二、写作词汇： 1. 以……为基础 2. 尽管困难重重 3. 为……奋斗/努力 4. 珍视……的价值 5. 满足需求 6 对……持有积极态度 三、词汇变形： 1. refer vi. 参考；提及 → n. 参考；指称关系 2. vary v. 变化 → n. 多样化；变体 → adj. 各种各样的 3. major v. 主修 → n. 大多数 4. globe n. 地球 → adj. 全球的；全世界的 5. appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激 → n. 感激；欣赏 6. describe vt. 描述 → n. 描写；形容 7. relate vt. 联系 → n. 关系 → n. 人际关系 四、拓展词汇 1. _______________ n. 十亿 2. _______________ adj. 本地的；土著的 n. 本地人 3. _______________ n. 态度；看法 4. _______________ n. 体系；制度；系统 5. _______________ n. 因素；要素 6. _______________ n. 符号；象征 7. _______________ vt./vi. 雕刻 8. _______________ n. 王朝；朝代 9. _______________ n. 方言；地方话 10. _______________ n. 词汇 五、熟词生义 1. _______________ 【熟义】本土的；本地的 【生义】adj. 天赋的；与生俱来的 2. _______________ 【熟义】方式；方法 【生义】n. 财力；财富 3. _______________ 【熟义】公共事务；事件 【生义】n. 私事；绯闻 4. _______________ 【熟义】要求 【生义】n./v. （市场）需求；需要 5. _______________ 【熟义】感激；欣赏 【生义】vi. （资产）增值；涨价 写作 句型 1. It several thousand years to the use of longgu ... 译文：它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期…… 2. Even today, Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. 译文：即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写（文字）进行交流。 3. As China plays global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language. 译文：随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。 4. I can never quite . Any advice? 译文：我从来就没能完全搞懂过大意。有什么建议吗？ 语法 定语从句（二）——关系副词 where / when / why 写作 英语学习问题求助与经验分享 一、知识点精讲 1. refer v. 提及；参考；查阅；指代 高考频次：2024-2026年考查8次（短语超高频） 例句：You may refer to your notes when reviewing key points. 复习重难点时你可以查阅笔记。 必考短语 ① 提及；参考；指代 ② 把A称作B ③reference n. 参考；参考文献 2. despite prep. 尽管；不管 高考频次：2024-2026年考查7次（语法填空、改错、写作） 例句：Despite many difficulties, we never give up our dreams. 尽管困难重重，我们从未放弃梦想。 考点辨析 despite + ；though/although + 3. date back to 追溯到；始于 高考频次：2024-2026年考查6次（语法填空时态必考） 例句：This traditional custom dates back to hundreds of years ago. 这项传统习俗可追溯至数百年前。 核心考点 date back to 只用一般现在时， 拓展短语 过时的； 最新的 4. major adj. 主要的；重大的 v. 主修 n. 专业 高考频次：2024-2026年考查5次（阅读、语法填空） 例句：Practice is a major part of language learning. 练习是语言学习的主要部分。 词汇拓展 主修……专业 n. 大多数 5. no matter + wh- 无论…… 高考频次：2024-2026年考查6次（状语从句必考） 例句：No matter what happens, we should keep positive. 无论发生什么，我们都应保持积极心态。 核心考点 no matter who/what/how/when/where 仅引导让步状语从句；whatever/whoever 可引导名词性从句 6. regard v. 认为；看作 n. 尊重；关注 高考频次：2024-2026年考查7次（短语、句型） 例句：We regard honesty as one of the most important virtues. 我们将诚信视为最重要的美德之一。 高频短语 ① 把A看作B ② 不管；不顾 ③ 关于；至于 7. appreciate v. 感激；欣赏；重视 高考频次：2024-2026年考查8次（语法填空最高频） 例句：We should appreciate the hard work of our parents and teachers. 我们应当感恩父母与老师的付出。 核心考点 如果你……我将不胜感激（写作万能句型） 词汇拓展 appreciation n. 感激；欣赏；鉴赏力 8. equal adj. 平等的；相等的 v. 等于；比得上 高考频次：2024-2026年考查4次（阅读、写作） 例句：Everyone is equal before the law. 法律面前人人平等。 固定搭配 等同于；胜任 9. demand n. 需求；要求 v. 要求；需要 高考频次：2024-2026年考查5次（语法填空、阅读） 例句：Society demands young people to master more practical skills. 社会要求年轻人掌握更多实用技能。 高频搭配 meet/satisfy the demand 满足需求 demanding adj. 要求高的；费力的 10. relate v. 联系；相关；讲述 高考频次：2024-2026年考查6次（语法填空、阅读） 例句：Daily behavior is closely related to personal qualities. 日常行为与个人素养密切相关。 核心搭配 ① 与……相关；理解体谅 ② 与……有关 ③relation/relationship n. 关系；联系 二、核心语法精讲 限制性定语从句（关系副词 when/where/why） 一、核心考点总览 本单元重点考查关系副词引导的限制性定语从句，对应Unit4关系代词，共同构成高考定语从句完整体系。关系副词在从句中只作 、不作 ，从句主干成分完整，核心可等价替换为「介词+which」，是语法填空、改错高频考点。三大关系副词精准对应时间、地点、原因三类场景，规则固定、可直接套用。 二、三大关系副词逐类精讲（含等价转换+时事例句） 1. when 时间关系副词 核心规则：先行词为时间名词（time、day、year、moment、occasion等），when在从句中作时间状语。 等价转换：when = in/on/at/during which（根据先行词搭配选择对应介词） 判定口诀：从句主谓完整，缺“在这个时间”状语，即用when。 例句：We cherish the year when traditional Chinese culture gained global popularity. 我们珍视中国传统文化风靡全球的那一年。（when = in which） 高频易错：若先行词在从句中作主语/宾语，不能用when，必须改用which/that。 2. where 地点关系副词 核心规则：先行词为 或 ，where在从句中作 。 等价转换：where = 必考抽象地点：case（情况）、situation（情形）、position（处境）、stage（阶段）、environment（环境），无实体地点也统一用where。 例句：We live in a situation where cross-cultural communication happens every day. 我们身处一个跨文化交流日日发生的环境中。（抽象地点，where = in which） 例句：This is the ancient city where many foreign tourists experience Chinese traditional culture. 这就是众多外国游客体验中国传统文化的古城。（具体地点，where = in which） 高频易错：抽象地点是高考重灾区，切忌误用which/that。 3. why 原因关系副词 核心规则：唯一固定先行词 ，why在从句中作 ，表“因为这个原因”。 等价转换：why = for which（唯一固定介词for，不可替换） 例句：This is the reason why more teenagers choose to learn foreign languages. 这就是越来越多青少年选择学习外语的原因。（why = for which） 高频易错：先行词非the reason，不可用why；若the reason在从句中作主宾，改用which/that。 三、高考万能做题步骤（秒判关系副词/代词） 1. 找先行词：定时间/地点/reason； 2. 代入从句：看是否缺主/宾/表； 3. 缺主宾→用关系代词(that/which/who)；句子完整缺状语→用关系副词(when/where/why)。 四、核心等价转换速记表 when = （时间状语） where = （具体地点+抽象地点） why = （仅限the reason） 定语从句·关系副词专项练习 单选题 1. I still remember the day ______ I first came to this beautiful senior high school. A. that　B. which　C. when　D. where 2. This is the community ______ many teenagers take part in volunteer activities every weekend. A. where　B. when　C. which　D. that 3. Please tell me the reason______ you gave up joining the school sports team. A. why　B. that　C. which　D. when 4. We visited the village ______ the famous volleyball player Lang Ping once lived and worked. A. when　B. where　C. which　D. what 5. I will never forget the moment ______ I succeeded in solving my learning problems. A. which　B. that　C. when　D. why 三、单元写作清单 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 世界语言 写作体裁：学习博客/咨询求助信（应用文） 写作话题：English study blog 英语学习问题求助与经验分享 1. 话题分析 本单元写作贴合语言学习主题，可用于博客分享或求助信写作。核心内容分为两类：一是描述自身英语学习的困惑（词汇匮乏、语法薄弱、听说能力差），向他人求助学习建议；二是分享个人有效的英语学习方法与经验。行文语气真诚、条理清晰，句式灵活，贴合高中生英语学习实际，是单元期末、月考高频写作题型。 2. 写作框架 第一段（开篇引入）：点明英语学习的重要性，引出自己的学习现状（存在的困难/收获的经验）。 第二段（主体核心内容）：若为求助：具体列举学习难点，说明自己的困扰，诚恳寻求建议；若为分享：分点介绍词汇、语法、听说读写的实用学习方法。 第三段（结尾总结）：表达坚持学习的决心，或感谢帮助、期待交流进步。 3. 写作素材 高频句型 ① English is one of the most important languages in the world. ② I have some trouble in learning English, especially in listening and vocabulary. ③ It is difficult for me to memorize new words and master grammar rules. ④ I hope you can give me some practical advice to improve my English. ⑤ Keeping reading and listening every day is an effective way to learn English. ⑥ I believe constant practice will help me make progress. 高频词汇 记忆词汇； 掌握语法； 提升听说能力； 有效的学习方法； 坚持练习； 取得进步； 实用建议 4. 范文背诵（求助信版） Dear Sir/Madam, I am a senior high school student. I know English is of great importance for our study and future development, but I have met many difficulties in my English study. I have two main problems. First, I find it hard to memorize new English words, so my vocabulary is too limited. Second, I can’t understand grammar rules well, which makes it difficult for me to write correct sentences. Besides, my listening and speaking skills are not good enough. I really want to improve my English but don’t know what to do. I would be grateful if you could offer me some practical learning suggestions. I will stick to effective methods and keep practicing to make progress. Yours faithfully, Li Hua 易错点01 refer to多义搭配+词形陷阱 助记口诀：refer to可查可提及，可指可涉多含义，名词reference要牢记。 一句话辨异：When we refer to traditional culture, we always refer to the treasures passed down from ancient times. 当我们提及传统文化时，我们指的是代代传承的瑰宝。 【错因辨析】 1. refer to四大高考词义：①查阅、参考；②提及、说到；③指代、意指；④涉及、关乎。 2. 固定搭配：refer to A as B 把A称作B（必考）。 3. 词形易错：refer (v.) → reference (n. 参考、文献)，双写r变形，学生常拼写错误。 【对点训练】 1. People often refer to this festival ______ a symbol of traditional culture.（填空） 2. You can look up the ______ (refer) books for more information.（词形转换） 易错点02 despite介词用法从句陷阱 助记口诀：despite是介词，后接名词doing，不接句子记分明。 一句话辨异：Despite facing countless difficulties, we never give up our dreams and keep moving forward. 尽管面临无数困难，我们从未放弃梦想，始终前行。 【错因辨析】 1. 终极语法陷阱：despite + 名词/代词/doing，绝对不能接完整句子。 2. 同义替换：despite = in spite of（介词短语，用法一致）；though/although（连词，后接完整句子），改错高频辨析。 3. 学生高频错误：Despite he is tired, he keeps studying.（完全错误） 【对点训练】 1. Despite ______ (be) busy, she still sticks to reading every day.（填空） 。 2. ______ (Although/Despite) it rains, we will go camping.（选词填空） 易错点03 date back to时态语态固定规则 助记口诀：追溯只用现在时，无被无进无过去，固定时态不偏移。 一句话辨异：This ancient building dates back to the Ming Dynasty and has a long history of hundreds of years. 这座古建筑追溯至明朝，拥有数百年悠久历史。 【错因辨析】 1. 高考绝对规则：date back to 只用一般现在时，无被动语态、无过去式、无进行时。 2. 高频错误：学生常写dated back to/ is dated back to，全部错误。 3. 衍生短语：out of date 过时的；up-to-date 最新的（写作高频）。 【对点训练】 1. The custom ______ (date) back to the 18th century.（语法填空） 2. This old tradition is not ______ of date.（填空） 易错点04 no matter wh-与wh-ever从句区别 助记口诀：no matter只让步，ever两类从句驻，名词状语都能入。 一句话辨异：No matter what difficulties we meet, we will stick to our goals; whatever helps us grow is valuable. 无论遇到什么困难，我们都坚守目标；任何助力我们成长的事物都是宝贵的。 【错因辨析】 1. no matter + wh-：仅引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句（主语、宾语从句）。 2. wh-ever（whatever/whoever等）：既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。 3. 语法填空高频考点：名词性从句只能用ever类，不能用no matter类。 【对点训练】 1. ______ (Whatever/No matter what) you do is worth respecting.（选词填空） 2. No matter ______ hard he tries, he never regrets his choice.（填空） 易错点05 appreciate高频句型+熟词生义 助记口诀：appreciate后接it if，感激欣赏两大义，增值生义要知悉。 一句话辨异：I would greatly appreciate it if you could offer me some useful advice on my study. 如果你能给我一些有用的学习建议，我将不胜感激。 【错因辨析】 1. 写作万能固定句型：appreciate it if... 不胜感激，必须加形式宾语it，不可直接接if从句。 2. 基础词义：感激、欣赏；高考熟词生义：（资产、价值）增值、涨价。 3. 词形易错：appreciate (v.) → appreciation (n. 感激、欣赏)。 【对点训练】 1. I appreciate ______ if you can help me solve the problem.（填空） 2. His ______ (appreciate) of traditional art is beyond ordinary people.（词形转换） 一、默写重点单词（汉译英） 1. ___________ vi. 参考；提及 2. ___________ v. 变化；改变 3. ___________ v. 主修；专攻 4. ___________ n. 地球；球体 5. ___________ vt. 欣赏；感激 6. ___________ vt. 描述；描绘 7. ___________ vt. 联系；相关 8. ___________ n. 态度；看法 9. ___________ n. 因素；要素 10. ___________ n. 词汇 二、词汇运用（根据句意及中文提示填空） 1. You can ________(查阅) to the dictionary when you meet new words. 2. Customs ________(变化) from country to country. 3. She ________(主修) in English literature in college. 4. As we all know, English is a ________(全球的) language. 5. I really ________(感激) your kind help. 6. Can you ________(描述) what the stranger looks like? 7. This problem is closely ________(相关的) to our daily life. 8. He has a positive ________(态度) towards study. 9. Hard work is a key ________(因素) of success. 10. You need to enlarge your ________(词汇) to learn English well. 三、重点句型默写（根据中文补全句子） 1. The history of this language ________________ hundreds of years ago.（固定短语） 这门语言的历史可以追溯到数百年前。 2. Life is full of ________________, so we should keep a peaceful mind.（固定短语） 人生充满沉浮，我们要保持平和的心态。 3. His speech ________________ his own experience and research.（固定搭配） 他的演讲以自身经历和研究为基础。 4. ________________ you learn, you should keep practicing.（让步状语从句） 不管你学什么语言，都要坚持练习。 5. We should learn to ________________ different cultures.（固定搭配） 我们要学会包容、接纳不同的文化。 四、课文语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China is widely known for its ancient civilisation, 1. ________ has continued into modern times despite many ups and downs. One of the main factors 2. (be) ________ the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It 3. (date) ________ back several thousand years to ancient symbols on animal bones and shells. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a 4. (full) ________ developed writing system. Due to geographical division, different dialects and characters appeared, 5. (lead) ________ to cultural differences. However, Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven states, 6. (allow) ________ the writing system to develop in one direction. This system played a key role 7. ________ uniting Chinese people and culture. Nowadays, written Chinese connects the present 8. ________ the past. People can read ancient classic works. Chinese calligraphy, 9. (be) ________ a unique art form, is an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, more international students 10. (appreciate) ________ Chinese culture through this ancient language. 五、阅读理解 A Chinese ancient civilization has lasted for thousands of years without interruption, which is a miracle in world history. The Chinese writing system plays the most important role in inheriting and spreading Chinese civilization. 　　Ancient Chinese characters first appeared on animal bones and shells. These picture-based symbols developed into a mature writing system in the Shang Dynasty. Due to geographical separation, different dialects and character forms appeared in different regions. It was Emperor Qinshihuang who unified the writing system, which greatly promoted the unity of the Chinese nation and culture. 　　Nowadays, Chinese writing system still connects the past and the present. Modern people can read ancient classic works directly. As a special art form, Chinese calligraphy has become a symbol of Chinese culture. With China’s rising international status, more and more foreign students begin to learn Chinese and appreciate the charm of Chinese traditional culture. 1. What is the key factor for the continuity of Chinese civilization? 　　A. Rich traditional festivals 　　B. The Chinese writing system 　　C. Various ancient dialects 　　D. Advanced ancient technology 2. What contribution did Emperor Qinshihuang make to Chinese culture? 　　A. He invented ancient Chinese characters 　　B. He created Chinese calligraphy 　　C. He unified the Chinese writing system 　　D. He spread Chinese culture abroad 3. What can we infer from the last paragraph? 　　A. Chinese is the easiest language to learn 　　B. Chinese culture is gaining global popularity 　　C. All foreign students love Chinese culture 　　D. Ancient classics are hard for modern people to read B 完形填空（10 空，满分 15 分） Chinese civilization is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. It has continued uninterrupted throughout history, largely 1. ______ the Chinese writing system. 　　At first, ancient Chinese people 2. (carve) ______ simple symbols on bones and shells. These symbols were the origin of Chinese characters. Gradually, the writing system became3. (full) ______ developed. However, geographical division led 4. ______ different dialects and character differences. 　　Emperor Qinshihuang unified the seven states, 5. (make) ______ the writing system develop in one fixed direction. This measure is of great 6. (important) ______ for national unity and cultural inheritance. 　　Today, written Chinese still serves 7. ______ a bridge connecting the past and the present. People can communicate 8. (easy) ______ in writing despite different dialects. Chinese calligraphy, 9. ______ is a unique art, enriches our cultural life. More foreigners are beginning to learn Chinese and recognize the 10. (amaze) ______ charm of Chinese culture. 1. A. thanks to　　B. instead of　　C. except for　　D. according to 2. A. carved　　B. carve　　C. have carved　　D. will carve 3. A. full　　B. fully　　C. fuller　　D. fullest 4. A. in　　B. for　　C. to　　D. from 5. A. make　　B. made　　C. making　　D. to make 6. A. important　　B. importance　　C. importantly　　D. import 7. A. as　　B. for　　C. with　　D. like 8. A. easy　　B. easier　　C. easily　　D. ease 9. A. that　　B. which　　C. what　　D. who 10. A. amazed　　B. amazing　　C. amaze　　D. amazement 六、语法填空（10 空，满分 15 分） China is famous for its ancient civilisation 1. ______ has lasted thousands of years. One of the main reasons is the unique Chinese writing system. 　　Written Chinese first 2. (date) ______ back to ancient symbols on animal bones and shells. By the Shang Dynasty, the writing system 3. (become) ______ well-developed. Before the Qin Dynasty, geographical division caused many 4. (variety) ______ of characters and dialects. 　　Emperor Qinshihuang unified the country, 5. (allow) ______ the writing system to develop steadily. It played a key role in 6. (unite) ______ Chinese people and culture. 　　Nowadays, written Chinese connects modern society 7. ______ ancient history. People can read ancient classic works 8. (smooth) ______. Chinese calligraphy has become 9. ______ valuable cultural treasure. As China develops rapidly, more global learners10. (value) ______ the Chinese writing system and culture. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $