Unit 3 Sports and Fitness（知识清单）英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语Unit 3 Sports and Fitness知识清单系统整合了词汇、语法、写作及核心知识点，涵盖阅读词汇、写作词汇、词汇变形等五大词汇模块，反意疑问句语法要点，“个人健康生活记录”写作指导及11个高频考点精讲，为学生构建了从基础积累到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“高考频次标注”“易错点助记口诀”“写作框架模板”三维设计构建知识体系，如将work out标注为9次高频短语并配“算出解决是熟义，锻炼制定是生义”口诀，反意疑问句总结“否词never等算否定，前缀否定不算数”解题口诀，写作提供“开篇总述-主体记录-感悟总结”框架及范文。这些设计精准对接语言能力培养，强化思维品质训练，不同层次学生可通过默写练习、语法填空等自主巩固，教师能直接利用易错点分析和对点训练设计分层教学，提升课堂效率。

Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. 跟随；到达；进步；赶快 2. 田径 3. 锻炼；计算出；解决 4. 树立榜样 5. 破裂；破碎；崩溃 6. 丧失信心；泄气 7. 放弃；投降 8. 有道理；合乎情理 9. 假装做某事 10. 即使；虽然 11. 有作用或影响 12. 而不是 13. 停止做；剪下 14. 有时；偶尔 15. ... 与……比较 二、写作词汇： 1. 获得成功；准时到达 2. 保持积极心态 3. 坚持做某事 4. 增强体质 5. 克服困难 6. 锻炼身体 三、词汇变形： 1. fit adj. 健康的；合适的 → n. 健康；健壮；适合 2. determine vt. 决心；决定 → n. 决心；决定 3. injure vt. 使受伤 → adj. 受伤的 → n. 伤害；损伤 4. strong adj. 强壮的 → n. 力量；体力 → vt. 加强 5. fail v. 失败 → n. 失败；失败者 6. compete vi. 竞争 → n. 比赛；竞争 → adj. 有竞争力的 → n. 竞争者 7. pretend v. 假装 → n. 伪装；假装 8. positive adj. 积极的 → adv. 积极地；肯定地 9. stress n./v. 压力；强调 → adj. 感到压力的 → adj. 有压力的 四、拓展词汇 1. _______________ n. 体育场；运动场 2. _______________ n. 拳击运动 3. _______________ n. 马拉松赛跑 4. _______________ n. 运动员；运动健儿 5. _______________ n. 传奇人物；传说 6. _______________ n. 冠军；优胜者 7. _______________ adj. 优美的；优雅的 8. _______________ adj. 苗条的；单薄的 9. _______________ n./v. 日常饮食；节食 10. _______________ n./v. 慢跑 五、熟词生义 1. _______________ 【熟义】计算出 【生义】锻炼；制定方案；解决问题 2. _______________ 【熟义】n. 跑道；轨道 【生义】vt. 追踪；监测 3. _______________ 【熟义】n. 压力 【生义】vt. 强调；着重指出 4. _______________ 【熟义】做到 【生义】准时抵达；康复；获得成功 写作 句型 1. Would you like ______________ to the soccer game? 译文：你想去看足球比赛吗？ 2. One of the best players had been injured, and the team captain had to leave ______________ heart problems. 译文：最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了，而且队长也因心脏问题离队。 3. The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago______________ young people since 1996. 译文：他（乔丹）在芝加哥所创建的“男女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。 4. I tried no-fat, low-fat, 5:2, only bananas, no bananas—I almost ______________, too. 译文：我尝试了无脂肪、低脂肪、5:2饮食法、只吃香蕉、不吃香蕉——我也几近疯狂。 语法 反意疑问句（附加疑问句 Tag Questions） 写作 A page in a wellness book 个人健康生活记录 一、知识点精讲 1. sense n. 感觉；意识；意义 v. 感知；察觉到 高考频次：2024-2026年考查8次（短语辨析超高频） 例句：Regular exercise gives us a strong sense of relaxation. 规律运动能带给我们强烈的放松感。 高频必考短语 ①______________有道理；讲得通 ②______________ 理解；弄懂 ③i______________在某种意义上 ④____________________________责任感/幽默感 2. event n. 大事；活动；赛事；事件 高考频次：2024-2026年考查4次（阅读、完形） 例句：The school holds various sports events every semester. 学校每学期都会举办各类体育赛事。 3. host n. 主人；东道主；主持人 v. 主办；主持 高考频次：2024-2026年考查5次（阅读、语法填空） 例句：Our city will host an international sports meeting next year. 我市明年将主办一场国际体育赛事。 拓展搭配 ____________________________大量；许多 4. work out 锻炼；解决；算出；制定 高考频次：2024-2026年考查9次（短语最高频） 例句：Many teenagers work out every morning to keep fit. 许多青少年每天晨练保持健康。 多义考点 ①锻炼身体 ②______________ ③算出数据 ④______________ 5. make it 成功；准时到达；熬过困境 高考频次：2024-2026年考查6次（完形、情景交际） 例句：If you keep working hard, you will finally ______________. 只要坚持努力，你终将获得成功。 6. apart adv. 分开；分离；相距 高考频次：2024-2026年考查5次（短语辨析） 例句：________________________________________________________. 不同爱好让我们的性格各具特色。 高频短语 ①______________崩溃；破碎；瓦解 ②______________除……之外（包含/排除皆可） 7. give up 放弃；认输 高考频次：2024-2026年考查6次（完形、写作） 例句：Strong-willed people never give up when facing failures. 意志坚定的人面对失败从不轻言放弃。 搭配拓展 ____________________________放弃做某事 8. pretend v. 假装；装作 高考频次：2024-2026年考查4次（语法填空、完形） 例句：Don’t pretend to know what you actually don’t understand. 不要不懂装懂。 固定搭配 ____________________________ 假装做某事 ____________________________ 假装正在做某事 9. make a difference 有影响；起作用；带来改变 高考频次：2024-2026年考查7次（写作万能金句） 例句：Small daily efforts can make a big difference in our future. 日常微小的努力能极大改变我们的未来。 10. rather adv. 相当；宁愿 高考频次：2024-2026年考查6次（句型、辨析） 例句：We should focus on progress rather than perfect results. 我们应关注进步而非完美的结果。 核心搭配 ______________而不是 ____________________________宁愿做某事 11. compare v. 比较；对比 高考频次：2024-2026年考查5次（语法填空、非谓语） 例句：We should compare our present self with our past self. 我们应该和过去的自己作比较。 固定搭配 ①______________ 把A与B对比 ②______________ 把A比作B ③______________ 与……相比（作状语，高考必考） 二、核心语法精讲 反意疑问句 一、核心考点总览 反意疑问句核心规则为____________________________，高考重点考查否定词判定、否定前缀区分、不定代词特殊尾句三大易错点，规则固定，熟记特例即可稳定得分。 1. 显性否定词，主句视为否定句（前否后肯） 核心规则：句中包含 never、hardly、little、few、seldom、rarely 等显性否定词汇，主句判定为否定，疑问尾句用肯定形式。 经典例句：Few teenagers stick to daily high-intensity sports training, do they? 很少有青少年坚持每日高强度体育训练，是吗？ 2. 否定前缀，主句仍视为肯定句（前肯后否） 核心规则：un-、dis-、in-、im- 等否定前缀构成的词汇，仅改变单词词义，不改变句子肯定属性，主句为肯定句，尾句用否定形式。 经典例句：It is unfair to judge athletes only by a single competition result, isn’t it? 仅凭一场赛事结果评判运动员是不公平的，不是吗？ 高频易错：切勿将含否定前缀的句子误判为否定句。 3. 不定代词作主语的特殊规则 核心规则：① 指人不定代词（everyone/everybody/someone/somebody/no one/nobody）作主语，尾句主语统一用 they；② 指物不定代词（everything/anything/nothing/something）作主语，尾句主语统一用 it。 经典例句：Everyone takes part in community fitness activities in their spare time, don’t they? 每个人都会在课余时间参与社区健身活动，不是吗？ 三、高考极简解题口诀 否词never等算否定，前缀否定不算数；人人用it物用they，前肯后否定无误。 三、单元写作清单 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 运动与健康 写作体裁：健康日志/健康短文（说明文+记叙文） 写作话题：A page in a wellness book 个人健康生活记录 1. 话题分析 本话题为单元核心写作题型，结合记叙文与说明文特点，以个人视角记录健康生活状态。核心内容包含个人日常运动习惯、作息规律、饮食方式，同时阐述运动健身带来的改变与身心健康感悟。写作语言平实真诚，贴合生活，重点突出“运动强身、自律健体”的主题，时态以一般现在时为主。 2. 写作框架 第一段（开篇总述）：点明健康的重要性，引出自己长期坚持健康的生活方式。 第二段（主体具体记录）：分别介绍作息习惯、饮食原则、日常运动安排；说明坚持运动带来的身体、心态变化。 第三段（感悟总结）：分享身心健康感悟，呼吁坚持运动、保持自律的健康生活方式。 3. 写作素材 高频句型 ① Health is the most precious wealth in our life. ② I have kept a healthy lifestyle for a long time. ③ I keep early hours and never stay up late to keep energetic. ④ I stick to doing sports every day to build up my body. ⑤ Healthy eating and regular exercise keep me physically and mentally healthy. ⑥ Sports not only strengthen my body but also shape my personality. 高频词汇 ______________ 早睡早起；______________强身健体；______________规律运动； ______________健康饮食；______________保持精力充沛；______________ 身心健康； ______________ 坚持 4. 范文背诵 A Page in a Wellness Book Health plays an important role in our study and daily life. To keep fit, I have kept a healthy lifestyle all the time. I have a regular daily routine. I get up early and never stay up late, so I can always keep energetic in class. For my diet, I prefer healthy food like vegetables and fruits and seldom eat junk food. Besides, I stick to doing sports every day. In my spare time, I often run, play basketball or do morning exercises. Regular exercise helps me strengthen my body and relieve study pressure. From my experience, I deeply realize that healthy living habits and sports are the key to physical and mental health. I will keep holding on to this good lifestyle and encourage my classmates to exercise together. 易错点01 work out多义熟词生义陷阱 助记口诀：算出解决是熟义，锻炼制定是生义，语境判断分清晰。 一句话辨异：I work out every morning to keep fit and often work out practical plans for my study. 我每天晨练强身健体，同时经常制定实用的学习计划。 【错因辨析】 高考四大核心词义，熟词生义为阅读完形高频考点： 1. 熟义：算出、解决（难题）；2. 高频生义：锻炼身体（单元核心义）；3. 生义：制定（计划）；4. 引申义：进展、顺利进行。 易错点：学生仅掌握“计算”含义，忽略运动、制定词义，导致语境翻译出错。 【对点训练】 1. Regularly ______ (work) out is beneficial to physical health.（语法填空） 2. Everything ______ (work) out perfectly in the end.（填空） 易错点02 make it情景交际高频易错 助记口诀：make it不只是做到，成功抵达熬得过，情景交际必考它。 一句话辨异：Though I met many difficulties, I finally made it to the finish line and achieved my goal. 尽管困难重重，我最终成功抵达终点，实现了目标。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心熟词生义：make it 不止“做成某事”，高考高频义：①（困境中）成功；②准时抵达；③熬过困境、康复。 2. 情景交际易错：拒绝邀约常用“I can’t make it”，表“我来不了、无法赴约”，学生极易误解为“我做不到”。 3. 无被动、无进行时，固定口语短语。 【对点训练】 1. —Can you attend the party tonight? —Sorry, I can’t ______ it.（填空） 2. With persistent efforts, he finally ______ (make) it to the top.（填空） 易错点03 apart from用法辨析（介词短语陷阱） 助记口诀：apart from最特殊，包含排除都可覆，语境区分不含糊。 一句话辨异：Apart from minor mistakes, the composition is perfect. 除了几处小错误之外，这篇作文堪称完美。 【错因辨析】 1. apart from 是高考唯一兼具包含、排除双重含义的介词短语： ①表排除：除……之外（不含后者，等同于except）；②表包含：除……之外还有（等同于besides）。 2. 高频错点：学生混淆apart from、except、besides，无法根据语境判断含义。 3. 衍生短语：fall apart 崩溃、破碎，完形高频短语。 【对点训练】 1. ______ from hard work, good luck also leads to success.（填空） 2. His confidence fell ______ after he failed the exam.（填空） 易错点04 pretend固定句型搭配 助记口诀：pretend后接不定式，常态to do进行to be doing。 一句话辨异：He pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 老师走进教室时，他假装正在看书。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心必考搭配：pretend to do sth 假装做某事（常态动作）；pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事（进行动作）。 2. 致命错误：pretend后绝对不接doing/that从句，学生常误用pretend doing。 3. 词形易错：pretend (v.) → pretence (n. 伪装)，不可误写。 【对点训练】 1. The boy pretended ______ (sleep) when his mother entered.（填空） 2. She pretended ______ (know) nothing about the secret.（填空） 易错点05 compared with非谓语必考 助记口诀：比较状语用被动，compared with/to定通用，主语是人不用改。 一句话辨异：Compared with traditional books, e-books are more convenient to carry. 与传统书籍相比，电子书携带更便捷。 【错因辨析】 1. 高考语法填空超级高频：compared with/to 作状语，固定用过去分词，无需考虑主语主动被动，属于固定句式。 2. 易错陷阱：学生常误写为comparing with，绝对错误。 3. 搭配区分：compare A with B 对比两者；compare A to B 把A比作B。 【对点训练】 1. ______ (compare) with rural areas, cities have more public resources.（语法填空） 2. People often compare youth ______ the rising sun.（填空） 一、默写重点单词（汉译英） 1. ___________ adj. 健康的；合适的 2. ___________ vt. 决心；决定 3. ___________ vt. 使受伤；损害 4. ___________ adj. 强壮的；坚固的 5. ___________ vi. 竞争；比赛 6. ___________ v. 假装；装作 7. ___________ adj. 积极的；正面的 8. ___________ n. 压力 v. 强调 9. ___________ n. 运动员；运动健儿 10. ___________ n. 冠军；优胜者 二、词汇运用（根据句意及中文提示填空） 1. Regular exercise improves our physical ________(健康). 2. She showed great ________(决心) to achieve her dream. 3. Luckily, no one got ________(受伤) in the accident. 4. Daily exercise can ________(增强) our body. 5. He took part in the swimming ________(比赛) last week. 6. Don’t ________(假装) to know everything. 7. We should hold a ________(积极的) attitude towards life. 8. Many students are ________(倍感压力的) before exams. 9. He is a professional ________(运动员) in running. 10. She became the world ________(冠军) at the age of 20. 三、重点句型默写（根据中文补全句子） 1. Regular exercise ________________________ to our health.（固定搭配） 规律运动对我们的健康大有好处。 2. We should never ________________________ when we meet difficulties.（固定短语） 遇到困难时我们绝不应该灰心。 3. ________________________ you stick to it, you will succeed finally.（让步状语从句） 即使过程很艰难，只要你坚持下去，终会成功。 4. He decided to keep on training ________________________ giving up.（固定短语） 他决定继续训练，而不是放弃。 5. Working out every day helps us ________________________.（固定搭配） 每天锻炼有助于我们增强体质、保持健康。 四、课文语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As a player, Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country. As a coach, she led the China women's volleyball team 1. ________ medals at world championships and the Olympics. As a person, Lang Ping 2. (love) ________ by fans at home and abroad. When the Chinese team 3. (prepare) ________ for the 2015 World Cup, her determination was tested. The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart. Two important players were unable to take part in the match, 4. (make) ________ it a big challenge for the team. 5. ________, Lang Ping did not lose heart. She knew that her young players could win if they 6. (work) ________ together as a team. Two weeks later, they became world champions! In 2016, she led the team 7. (win) ________ the Olympic gold in Brazil. Michael Jordan, known 8. ________ "Air Jordan", is another sports legend. His success lies in 9. (learn) ________ from failures. He always tries his best and never gives up, 10. (inspire) ________ countless young people. 五、阅读理解 A Sports stars are living legends who inspire millions of young people. Lang Ping and Michael Jordan are two world-famous sports icons with great spirit. 　　As a coach, Lang Ping devoted herself to Chinese volleyball. In 2015, the Chinese women’s volleyball team faced huge challenges. Two key players left the team, and the whole team was falling apart. However, Lang Ping never lost heart. She encouraged young players to cooperate and fight together. Finally, the team won the world championship and achieved great success. 　　Known as "Air Jordan", Michael Jordan changed basketball with his wonderful skills. His success does not only come from his talent, but also his strong mental strength. He believes that the secret of success is learning from failures. He never gives up and always tries his best in every game. He also devotes himself to helping young people grow. 　　These sports legends teach us that perseverance and teamwork are the key to success. Their spirit will always inspire teenagers to keep working hard. 1. What difficulty did Lang Ping’s team meet in 2015? 　　A. The coach gave up the team 　　B. Two important players left the team 　　C. All players lacked experience 　　D. The team lost many games 2. What is the secret of Jordan’s success? 　　A. Natural talent 　　B. Good luck 　　C. Learning from failures 　　D. Team support 3. What can we learn from the two sports legends? 　　A. Talent is the most important for success 　　B. Never give up and value teamwork 　　C. Sports stars never meet difficulties 　　D. Failure means the end of dreams B 完形填空（10空，满分15分） 　　Sports play an important role in our life. Many teenagers work out regularly to keep fit. Sports not only build our body but also shape our personality. 　　Lang Ping is a legendary coach. When her team was __1__ apart, she never lost heart. She made her team __2__ together and finally made __3__ in the world competition. Her determination inspires countless young people. 　　Michael Jordan is another sports legend. He is good at __4__ (show) his perfect skills in games. Compared __5__ other players, he has stronger mental strength. He always pretends __6__ (be) calm in difficult situations and learns __7__ every failure. 　　Apart __8__ their professional skills, their perseverance is more valuable. They teach us that no matter how hard the situation is, we should never quit. With continuous practice, we can finally make __9__ and realize our dreams in the __10__. 1. A. falling　　B. breaking　　C. taking　　D. putting 2. A. cooperate　　B. to cooperate　　C. cooperating　　D. cooperated 3. A. it　　B. that　　C. this　　D. one 4. A. showing　　B. show　　C. to show　　D. shown 5. A. with　　B. to　　C. for　　D. at 6. A. being　　B. to be　　C. been　　D. be 7. A. with　　B. for　　C. from　　D. in 8. A. with　　B. from　　C. to　　D. off 9. A. sense　　B. progress　　C. money　　D. peace 10. A. past　　B. present　　C. future　　D. moment 六、语法填空（10空，满分15分） 　　Lang Ping and Michael Jordan are great sports legends 1. ________ inspire teenagers greatly. 　　As a coach, Lang Ping 2. (lead) ________ the Chinese volleyball team to many victories. In 2015, the team 3. (face) ________ huge challenges. Two players were injured, making the team 4. (fall) ________ apart. However, she encouraged players 5. (unite) ________ and fight hard. Finally, they became world champions. 　　Michael Jordan 6. (know) ________ as "Air Jordan". His skills are impressive, but his spirit is more 7. (amaze) ________. He keeps working out and learns from failures, 8. (make) ________ him successful. 　　Sports stars always show strong willpower. Their stories tell us that hard work and perseverance are the key 9. ________ success. We should keep practicing and never give up when we meet 10. ________ (difficulty). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快 2. track and field 田径 3. work out 锻炼；计算出；解决 4. set an example 树立榜样 5. fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃 6. lose heart 丧失信心；泄气 7. give up 放弃；投降 8. make sense 有道理；合乎情理 9. pretend to do sth 假装做某事 10. even if/though 即使；虽然 11. make a difference 有作用或影响 12. rather than 而不是 13. cut ... out 停止做；剪下 14. now and then 有时；偶尔 15. compare ... with/to ... 与……比较 二、写作词汇： 1. make it 获得成功；准时到达 2. keep a positive attitude 保持积极心态 3. stick to doing sth 坚持做某事 4. build up strength 增强体质 5. overcome difficulties 克服困难 6. take exercise 锻炼身体 三、词汇变形： 1. fit adj. 健康的；合适的 → fitness n. 健康；健壮；适合 2. determine vt. 决心；决定 → determination n. 决心；决定 3. injure vt. 使受伤 → injured adj. 受伤的 → injury n. 伤害；损伤 4. strong adj. 强壮的 → strength n. 力量；体力 → strengthen vt. 加强 5. fail v. 失败 → failure n. 失败；失败者 6. compete vi. 竞争 → competition n. 比赛；竞争 → competitive adj. 有竞争力的 → competitor n. 竞争者 7. pretend v. 假装 → pretence n. 伪装；假装 8. positive adj. 积极的 → positively adv. 积极地；肯定地 9. stress n./v. 压力；强调 → stressed adj. 感到压力的 → stressful adj. 有压力的 四、拓展词汇 1. stadium n. 体育场；运动场 2. boxing n. 拳击运动 3. marathon n. 马拉松赛跑 4. athlete n. 运动员；运动健儿 5. legend n. 传奇人物；传说 6. champion n. 冠军；优胜者 7. graceful adj. 优美的；优雅的 8. slim adj. 苗条的；单薄的 9. diet n./v. 日常饮食；节食 10. jog n./v. 慢跑 五、熟词生义 1. work out 【熟义】计算出 【生义】锻炼；制定方案；解决问题 2. track 【熟义】n. 跑道；轨道 【生义】vt. 追踪；监测 3. stress 【熟义】n. 压力 【生义】vt. 强调；着重指出 4. make it 【熟义】做到 【生义】准时抵达；康复；获得成功 写作 句型 1. Would you like to go to the soccer game? 译文：你想去看足球比赛吗？ 2. One of the best players had been injured, and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems. 译文：最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了，而且队长也因心脏问题离队。 3. The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996. 译文：他（乔丹）在芝加哥所创建的“男女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。 4. I tried no-fat, low-fat, 5:2, only bananas, no bananas—I almost went bananas, too. 译文：我尝试了无脂肪、低脂肪、5:2饮食法、只吃香蕉、不吃香蕉——我也几近疯狂。 语法 反意疑问句（附加疑问句 Tag Questions） 写作 A page in a wellness book 个人健康生活记录 一、知识点精讲 1. sense n. 感觉；意识；意义 v. 感知；察觉到 高考频次：2024-2026年考查8次（短语辨析超高频） 例句：Regular exercise gives us a strong sense of relaxation. 规律运动能带给我们强烈的放松感。 高频必考短语 ①make sense 有道理；讲得通 ②make sense of 理解；弄懂 ③in a sense 在某种意义上 ④a sense of responsibility/humor 责任感/幽默感 2. event n. 大事；活动；赛事；事件 高考频次：2024-2026年考查4次（阅读、完形） 例句：The school holds various sports events every semester. 学校每学期都会举办各类体育赛事。 3. host n. 主人；东道主；主持人 v. 主办；主持 高考频次：2024-2026年考查5次（阅读、语法填空） 例句：Our city will host an international sports meeting next year. 我市明年将主办一场国际体育赛事。 拓展搭配 a host of 大量；许多 4. work out 锻炼；解决；算出；制定 高考频次：2024-2026年考查9次（短语最高频） 例句：Many teenagers work out every morning to keep fit. 许多青少年每天晨练保持健康。 多义考点 ①锻炼身体 ②解决难题 ③算出数据 ④制定计划 5. make it 成功；准时到达；熬过困境 高考频次：2024-2026年考查6次（完形、情景交际） 例句：If you keep working hard, you will finally make it. 只要坚持努力，你终将获得成功。 6. apart adv. 分开；分离；相距 高考频次：2024-2026年考查5次（短语辨析） 例句：Different hobbies make our personalities different from each other apart. 不同爱好让我们的性格各具特色。 高频短语 ①fall apart 崩溃；破碎；瓦解 ②apart from 除……之外（包含/排除皆可） 7. give up 放弃；认输 高考频次：2024-2026年考查6次（完形、写作） 例句：Strong-willed people never give up when facing failures. 意志坚定的人面对失败从不轻言放弃。 搭配拓展 give up doing sth 放弃做某事 8. pretend v. 假装；装作 高考频次：2024-2026年考查4次（语法填空、完形） 例句：Don’t pretend to know what you actually don’t understand. 不要不懂装懂。 固定搭配 pretend to do sth 假装做某事 pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事 9. make a difference 有影响；起作用；带来改变 高考频次：2024-2026年考查7次（写作万能金句） 例句：Small daily efforts can make a big difference in our future. 日常微小的努力能极大改变我们的未来。 10. rather adv. 相当；宁愿 高考频次：2024-2026年考查6次（句型、辨析） 例句：We should focus on progress rather than perfect results. 我们应关注进步而非完美的结果。 核心搭配 rather than 而不是 would rather do sth 宁愿做某事 11. compare v. 比较；对比 高考频次：2024-2026年考查5次（语法填空、非谓语） 例句：We should compare our present self with our past self. 我们应该和过去的自己作比较。 固定搭配 ①compare A with B 把A与B对比 ②compare A to B 把A比作B ③compared with/to 与……相比（作状语，高考必考） 二、核心语法精讲 反意疑问句 一、核心考点总览 反意疑问句核心规则为前肯后否、前否后肯，高考重点考查否定词判定、否定前缀区分、不定代词特殊尾句三大易错点，规则固定，熟记特例即可稳定得分。 1. 显性否定词，主句视为否定句（前否后肯） 核心规则：句中包含 never、hardly、little、few、seldom、rarely 等显性否定词汇，主句判定为否定，疑问尾句用肯定形式。 经典例句：Few teenagers stick to daily high-intensity sports training, do they? 很少有青少年坚持每日高强度体育训练，是吗？ 2. 否定前缀，主句仍视为肯定句（前肯后否） 核心规则：un-、dis-、in-、im- 等否定前缀构成的词汇，仅改变单词词义，不改变句子肯定属性，主句为肯定句，尾句用否定形式。 经典例句：It is unfair to judge athletes only by a single competition result, isn’t it? 仅凭一场赛事结果评判运动员是不公平的，不是吗？ 高频易错：切勿将含否定前缀的句子误判为否定句。 3. 不定代词作主语的特殊规则 核心规则：① 指人不定代词（everyone/everybody/someone/somebody/no one/nobody）作主语，尾句主语统一用 they；② 指物不定代词（everything/anything/nothing/something）作主语，尾句主语统一用 it。 经典例句：Everyone takes part in community fitness activities in their spare time, don’t they? 每个人都会在课余时间参与社区健身活动，不是吗？ 三、高考极简解题口诀 否词never等算否定，前缀否定不算数；人人用it物用they，前肯后否定无误。 三、单元写作清单 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 运动与健康 写作体裁：健康日志/健康短文（说明文+记叙文） 写作话题：A page in a wellness book 个人健康生活记录 1. 话题分析 本话题为单元核心写作题型，结合记叙文与说明文特点，以个人视角记录健康生活状态。核心内容包含个人日常运动习惯、作息规律、饮食方式，同时阐述运动健身带来的改变与身心健康感悟。写作语言平实真诚，贴合生活，重点突出“运动强身、自律健体”的主题，时态以一般现在时为主。 2. 写作框架 第一段（开篇总述）：点明健康的重要性，引出自己长期坚持健康的生活方式。 第二段（主体具体记录）：分别介绍作息习惯、饮食原则、日常运动安排；说明坚持运动带来的身体、心态变化。 第三段（感悟总结）：分享身心健康感悟，呼吁坚持运动、保持自律的健康生活方式。 3. 写作素材 高频句型 ① Health is the most precious wealth in our life. ② I have kept a healthy lifestyle for a long time. ③ I keep early hours and never stay up late to keep energetic. ④ I stick to doing sports every day to build up my body. ⑤ Healthy eating and regular exercise keep me physically and mentally healthy. ⑥ Sports not only strengthen my body but also shape my personality. 高频词汇 keep early hours 早睡早起；build up one’s body 强身健体；regular exercise 规律运动；healthy diet 健康饮食；stay energetic 保持精力充沛；physical and mental health 身心健康；stick to 坚持 4. 范文背诵 A Page in a Wellness Book Health plays an important role in our study and daily life. To keep fit, I have kept a healthy lifestyle all the time. I have a regular daily routine. I get up early and never stay up late, so I can always keep energetic in class. For my diet, I prefer healthy food like vegetables and fruits and seldom eat junk food. Besides, I stick to doing sports every day. In my spare time, I often run, play basketball or do morning exercises. Regular exercise helps me strengthen my body and relieve study pressure. From my experience, I deeply realize that healthy living habits and sports are the key to physical and mental health. I will keep holding on to this good lifestyle and encourage my classmates to exercise together. 易错点01 work out多义熟词生义陷阱 助记口诀：算出解决是熟义，锻炼制定是生义，语境判断分清晰。 一句话辨异：I work out every morning to keep fit and often work out practical plans for my study. 我每天晨练强身健体，同时经常制定实用的学习计划。 【错因辨析】 高考四大核心词义，熟词生义为阅读完形高频考点： 1. 熟义：算出、解决（难题）；2. 高频生义：锻炼身体（单元核心义）；3. 生义：制定（计划）；4. 引申义：进展、顺利进行。 易错点：学生仅掌握“计算”含义，忽略运动、制定词义，导致语境翻译出错。 【对点训练】 1. Regularly ______ (work) out is beneficial to physical health.（语法填空） 答案：working 解析：动名词作主语，work out此处表“锻炼”。 2. Everything ______ (work) out perfectly in the end.（填空） 答案：works 解析：work out 此处表“进展顺利”。 易错点02 make it情景交际高频易错 助记口诀：make it不只是做到，成功抵达熬得过，情景交际必考它。 一句话辨异：Though I met many difficulties, I finally made it to the finish line and achieved my goal. 尽管困难重重，我最终成功抵达终点，实现了目标。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心熟词生义：make it 不止“做成某事”，高考高频义：①（困境中）成功；②准时抵达；③熬过困境、康复。 2. 情景交际易错：拒绝邀约常用“I can’t make it”，表“我来不了、无法赴约”，学生极易误解为“我做不到”。 3. 无被动、无进行时，固定口语短语。 【对点训练】 1. —Can you attend the party tonight? —Sorry, I can’t ______ it.（填空） 答案：make 解析：can’t make it 固定交际用语，表“无法赴约、来不了”。 2. With persistent efforts, he finally ______ (make) it to the top.（填空） 答案：made 易错点03 apart from用法辨析（介词短语陷阱） 助记口诀：apart from最特殊，包含排除都可覆，语境区分不含糊。 一句话辨异：Apart from minor mistakes, the composition is perfect. 除了几处小错误之外，这篇作文堪称完美。 【错因辨析】 1. apart from 是高考唯一兼具包含、排除双重含义的介词短语： ①表排除：除……之外（不含后者，等同于except）；②表包含：除……之外还有（等同于besides）。 2. 高频错点：学生混淆apart from、except、besides，无法根据语境判断含义。 3. 衍生短语：fall apart 崩溃、破碎，完形高频短语。 【对点训练】 1. ______ from hard work, good luck also leads to success.（填空） 答案：Apart 解析：apart from 此处表包含，“除了努力之外还有运气”。 2. His confidence fell ______ after he failed the exam.（填空） 答案：apart 解析：fall apart 固定短语，表“崩溃、受挫”。 易错点04 pretend固定句型搭配 助记口诀：pretend后接不定式，常态to do进行to be doing。 一句话辨异：He pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 老师走进教室时，他假装正在看书。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心必考搭配：pretend to do sth 假装做某事（常态动作）；pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事（进行动作）。 2. 致命错误：pretend后绝对不接doing/that从句，学生常误用pretend doing。 3. 词形易错：pretend (v.) → pretence (n. 伪装)，不可误写。 【对点训练】 1. The boy pretended ______ (sleep) when his mother entered.（填空） 答案：to be sleeping 解析：强调进门瞬间正在假装睡觉，用to be doing。 2. She pretended ______ (know) nothing about the secret.（填空） 答案：to know 易错点05 compared with非谓语必考 助记口诀：比较状语用被动，compared with/to定通用，主语是人不用改。 一句话辨异：Compared with traditional books, e-books are more convenient to carry. 与传统书籍相比，电子书携带更便捷。 【错因辨析】 1. 高考语法填空超级高频：compared with/to 作状语，固定用过去分词，无需考虑主语主动被动，属于固定句式。 2. 易错陷阱：学生常误写为comparing with，绝对错误。 3. 搭配区分：compare A with B 对比两者；compare A to B 把A比作B。 【对点训练】 1. ______ (compare) with rural areas, cities have more public resources.（语法填空） 答案：Compared 解析：compared with 固定状语搭配。 2. People often compare youth ______ the rising sun.（填空） 答案：to 解析：compare A to B 把A比作B。 一、默写重点单词（汉译英） 1. ___________ adj. 健康的；合适的 2. ___________ vt. 决心；决定 3. ___________ vt. 使受伤；损害 4. ___________ adj. 强壮的；坚固的 5. ___________ vi. 竞争；比赛 6. ___________ v. 假装；装作 7. ___________ adj. 积极的；正面的 8. ___________ n. 压力 v. 强调 9. ___________ n. 运动员；运动健儿 10. ___________ n. 冠军；优胜者 【答案】1. fit 2. determine 3. injure 4. strong 5. compete 6. pretend 7. positive 8. stress 9. athlete 10. champion 二、词汇运用（根据句意及中文提示填空） 1. Regular exercise improves our physical ________(健康). 2. She showed great ________(决心) to achieve her dream. 3. Luckily, no one got ________(受伤) in the accident. 4. Daily exercise can ________(增强) our body. 5. He took part in the swimming ________(比赛) last week. 6. Don’t ________(假装) to know everything. 7. We should hold a ________(积极的) attitude towards life. 8. Many students are ________(倍感压力的) before exams. 9. He is a professional ________(运动员) in running. 10. She became the world ________(冠军) at the age of 20. 【答案】1. fitness 2. determination 3. injured 4. strengthen 5. competition 6. pretend 7. positive 8. stressed 9. athlete 10. champion 三、重点句型默写（根据中文补全句子） 1. Regular exercise ________________________ to our health.（固定搭配） 规律运动对我们的健康大有好处。 2. We should never ________________________ when we meet difficulties.（固定短语） 遇到困难时我们绝不应该灰心。 3. ________________________ you stick to it, you will succeed finally.（让步状语从句） 即使过程很艰难，只要你坚持下去，终会成功。 4. He decided to keep on training ________________________ giving up.（固定短语） 他决定继续训练，而不是放弃。 5. Working out every day helps us ________________________.（固定搭配） 每天锻炼有助于我们增强体质、保持健康。 【答案】 1. makes a great difference 2. lose heart 3. Even if/though the process is hard 4. rather than 5. build up strength and keep fit 四、课文语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As a player, Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country. As a coach, she led the China women's volleyball team 1. ________ medals at world championships and the Olympics. As a person, Lang Ping 2. (love) ________ by fans at home and abroad. When the Chinese team 3. (prepare) ________ for the 2015 World Cup, her determination was tested. The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart. Two important players were unable to take part in the match, 4. (make) ________ it a big challenge for the team. 5. ________, Lang Ping did not lose heart. She knew that her young players could win if they 6. (work) ________ together as a team. Two weeks later, they became world champions! In 2016, she led the team 7. (win) ________ the Olympic gold in Brazil. Michael Jordan, known 8. ________ "Air Jordan", is another sports legend. His success lies in 9. (learn) ________ from failures. He always tries his best and never gives up, 10. (inspire) ________ countless young people. 【答案】 1. to 2. is loved 3. was preparing 4. making 5. However 6. worked 7. to win 8. as 9. learning 10. inspiring 五、阅读理解 A Sports stars are living legends who inspire millions of young people. Lang Ping and Michael Jordan are two world-famous sports icons with great spirit. 　　As a coach, Lang Ping devoted herself to Chinese volleyball. In 2015, the Chinese women’s volleyball team faced huge challenges. Two key players left the team, and the whole team was falling apart. However, Lang Ping never lost heart. She encouraged young players to cooperate and fight together. Finally, the team won the world championship and achieved great success. 　　Known as "Air Jordan", Michael Jordan changed basketball with his wonderful skills. His success does not only come from his talent, but also his strong mental strength. He believes that the secret of success is learning from failures. He never gives up and always tries his best in every game. He also devotes himself to helping young people grow. 　　These sports legends teach us that perseverance and teamwork are the key to success. Their spirit will always inspire teenagers to keep working hard. 1. What difficulty did Lang Ping’s team meet in 2015? 　　A. The coach gave up the team 　　B. Two important players left the team 　　C. All players lacked experience 　　D. The team lost many games 2. What is the secret of Jordan’s success? 　　A. Natural talent 　　B. Good luck 　　C. Learning from failures 　　D. Team support 3. What can we learn from the two sports legends? 　　A. Talent is the most important for success 　　B. Never give up and value teamwork 　　C. Sports stars never meet difficulties 　　D. Failure means the end of dreams 答案与解析 1. 答案：B 解析：原文第二段明确说明2015年女排困境：两名主力队员离队，队伍濒临溃散，对应B选项。 2. 答案：C 解析：第三段“He believes that the secret of success is learning from failures”直接点明乔丹的成功秘诀是从失败中学习。 3. 答案：B 解析：文章末段总结，两位传奇运动员的共同点：坚持不懈、重视团队合作。ACD表述错误，与原文主旨相悖。 B 完形填空（10空，满分15分） 　　Sports play an important role in our life. Many teenagers work out regularly to keep fit. Sports not only build our body but also shape our personality. 　　Lang Ping is a legendary coach. When her team was __1__ apart, she never lost heart. She made her team __2__ together and finally made __3__ in the world competition. Her determination inspires countless young people. 　　Michael Jordan is another sports legend. He is good at __4__ (show) his perfect skills in games. Compared __5__ other players, he has stronger mental strength. He always pretends __6__ (be) calm in difficult situations and learns __7__ every failure. 　　Apart __8__ their professional skills, their perseverance is more valuable. They teach us that no matter how hard the situation is, we should never quit. With continuous practice, we can finally make __9__ and realize our dreams in the __10__. 1. A. falling　　B. breaking　　C. taking　　D. putting 2. A. cooperate　　B. to cooperate　　C. cooperating　　D. cooperated 3. A. it　　B. that　　C. this　　D. one 4. A. showing　　B. show　　C. to show　　D. shown 5. A. with　　B. to　　C. for　　D. at 6. A. being　　B. to be　　C. been　　D. be 7. A. with　　B. for　　C. from　　D. in 8. A. with　　B. from　　C. to　　D. off 9. A. sense　　B. progress　　C. money　　D. peace 10. A. past　　B. present　　C. future　　D. moment 答案与解析 1. 答案：A 解析：固定搭配 fall apart 崩溃、溃散，对应球队陷入困境的语境。 2. 答案：A 解析：固定结构 make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事，用动词原形。 3. 答案：A 解析：固定搭配 make it 获得成功、达成目标，高频口语短语。 4. 答案：A 解析：固定搭配 be good at doing sth. 擅长做某事，at为介词。 5. 答案：A 解析：固定搭配 compared with/to 与……相比，本题with更常用。 6. 答案：B 解析：固定搭配 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事。 7. 答案：C 解析：固定搭配 learn from 从……中学习。 8. 答案：B 解析：固定搭配 apart from 除……之外。 9. 答案：B 解析：固定搭配make progress 取得进步，贴合坚持努力的语境。 10. 答案：C 解析：in the future 在未来，指未来实现梦想。 六、语法填空（10空，满分15分） 　　Lang Ping and Michael Jordan are great sports legends 1. ________ inspire teenagers greatly. 　　As a coach, Lang Ping 2. (lead) ________ the Chinese volleyball team to many victories. In 2015, the team 3. (face) ________ huge challenges. Two players were injured, making the team 4. (fall) ________ apart. However, she encouraged players 5. (unite) ________ and fight hard. Finally, they became world champions. 　　Michael Jordan 6. (know) ________ as "Air Jordan". His skills are impressive, but his spirit is more 7. (amaze) ________. He keeps working out and learns from failures, 8. (make) ________ him successful. 　　Sports stars always show strong willpower. Their stories tell us that hard work and perseverance are the key 9. ________ success. We should keep practicing and never give up when we meet 10. ________ (difficulty). 答案与解析 1. 答案：who/that 解析：定语从句，先行词是人（legends），关系代词用who/that。 2. 答案：has led 解析：郎平至今带领球队多次夺冠，动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时。 3. 答案：faced 解析：2015年为过去时间，用一般过去时。 4. 答案：fall 解析：固定结构 make sb./sth. do 使……做某事，用动词原形。 5. 答案：to unite 解析：固定搭配 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。 6. 答案：is known 解析：固定搭配 be known as 作为……被熟知，客观事实用一般现在时被动。 7. 答案：amazing 解析：修饰抽象名词spirit，用-ing形容词，令人敬佩的。 8. 答案：making 解析：现在分词作结果状语，表顺其自然的结果。 9. 答案：to 解析：固定搭配 the key to success 成功的关键。 10. 答案：difficulties 解析：difficulty表示“各种困难”时为可数名词，用复数。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $