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2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册暑期语法预习—复合不定代词的用法
语法知识点:复合不定代词
1.概念:
由some、any、no、every加上-one、-body、-thing构成的不定代词叫作复合不定代词。复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句中用作主语、宾语或表语。
(注:除了no one以外,其他复合不定代词都写成一个词)
2.词汇分类:
词 缀
-one(人)
-body(人)
-thing(事物)
some-
someone
某人
somebody
某人
something
某事物
any-
anyone
任何人
anybody
任何人
anything
任何事物
no-
no one
没有人
nobody
没有人
nothing
没有什么
every-
everyone
每个人
everybody
每个人
everything
每个事物
3.语法规则:
(1)形容词后置:修饰代词的形容词放后面
正确:something interesting;错误:interesting something
拓展:anything important、nothing new
(2)主谓一致:不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数
eg1:Everything is fine.
eg2:Everyone is in the classroom.
(3)句式用法区分
① some-类:用于肯定句、委婉请求的疑问句(期盼肯定回答)
eg:Could I have something to drink?
② any-类:用于否定句、疑问句
eg:I don't need anything. Did you meet anyone?
③ no-类:本身表示否定,用于肯定句中,相当于“not+any-类”(同义转换考点)
eg1:nothing = not anything
eg2:nobody = no one = not anyone
eg3:I bought nothing.=I didn't buy anything.
④ every-类:用于肯定句,强调“全部、每一个”,不可以用于否定句(否定需要用not everyone,表示“并非所有人”)
eg1:Everyone likes this movie.
eg2:Not everyone likes this movie.
专项练习:
一、单项选择题:
1.Is there ________ in today’s newspaper?
A.something special B.special something
C.anything special D.special anything
2.Next time, I want to do ________.
A.something different B.different something
C.anything different D.different anything
3.To give her ________, please join us without ________ her about the party.
A.special something; telling B.something special; telling
C.special something; to tell D.something special; to tell
4.Nancy spoke in such a low voice that in the room could hear her.
A.somebody B.everybody C.anybody D.nobody
5.Jenny, do you have ________ to tell me?
A.anything important B.important anything
C.something important D.important something
6.Make sure _______ has the textbooks when the new term starts.
A.nobody B.anybody C.somebody D.everybody
7.— Did you see ________ in the room? — No, I saw ________.
A.someone; anyone B.anyone; no one
C.someone; no one D.anyone; someone
8.Everyone ________ excited about the coming vacation.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
9.—We’re looking for ________ to deal with the new computer virus (病毒).
—Maybe my brother is the right person. He is ________ engineer.
A.someone; a B.anyone; an
C.anyone; the D.someone; an
10.I can’t help you now. Ask ________ to help you.
A.somebody other B.else somebody
C.somebody else D.anybody other
11.Search for some information first. If you know ________ about it, you can’t make it.
A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything
12.You’re old enough to go travelling alone. I can help you book the hotel on the internet, but don’t wait for me to do ________ for you.
A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing
13.His uncle has more money than ________.
A.anyone B.anyone else C.anyone else’s D.anyone’s else
14.—Did you see ________ when you walked by the music classroom?
—Yes, I saw ________ cleaning the classroom.
A.anyone; anyone B.anyone; someone
C.someone; anyone D.everyone; someone
15.—Did you do ________ this summer?
—No, I just stayed at home most of the time to finish my homework.
A.something special B.anything special
C.special something D.special anything
二、单词拼写题:
16.________________ (每个人) can live happily in such a nice country.
17.—Do you have anything to say to me?
—No, n________.
18.There isn’t ________ (任何人) in the classroom. All the students are having a PE lesson in the playground.
19.Did you go a________ interesting during the holidays?
20.This washing machine doesn’t work. Maybe ________ (某物) is wrong with it.
三、完成句子:
21.多亏了詹妮,现在一切都好了。
________ ________ Jenny, ________ is OK now.
22.早上我们互相问好。
We say ________ ________ ________ ________ in the morning.
23.没有人知道答案。
__________ knows the answer.
24.多特别的陶杯!看,把手内侧有些微小图案!
________ clay cup! Look, there’s ________ tiny painted inside the handle!
25.什么都不穿你会看起来酷,感觉也很酷!
You’ll ________ and feel cool ________!
四、翻译题:
26.您还需要其他东西吗?
_____________________________________________________________________
27.昨天我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。(someone)
_____________________________________________________________________
28.每个人都可以就如何保护环境分享想法。
_____________________________________________________________________
29.你和任何人出去的吗?
_____________________________________________________________________
30.最重要的是学到一些有趣的东西。
_____________________________________________________________________
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2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册暑期语法预习—复合不定代词的用法
语法知识点:复合不定代词
1.概念:
由some、any、no、every加上-one、-body、-thing构成的不定代词叫作复合不定代词。复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句中用作主语、宾语或表语。
(注:除了no one以外,其他复合不定代词都写成一个词)
2.词汇分类:
词 缀
-one(人)
-body(人)
-thing(事物)
some-
someone
某人
somebody
某人
something
某事物
any-
anyone
任何人
anybody
任何人
anything
任何事物
no-
no one
没有人
nobody
没有人
nothing
没有什么
every-
everyone
每个人
everybody
每个人
everything
每个事物
3.语法规则:
(1)形容词后置:修饰代词的形容词放后面
正确:something interesting;错误:interesting something
拓展:anything important、nothing new
(2)主谓一致:不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数
eg1:Everything is fine.
eg2:Everyone is in the classroom.
(3)句式用法区分
① some-类:用于肯定句、委婉请求的疑问句(期盼肯定回答)
eg:Could I have something to drink?
② any-类:用于否定句、疑问句
eg:I don't need anything. Did you meet anyone?
③ no-类:本身表示否定,用于肯定句中,相当于“not+any-类”(同义转换考点)
eg1:nothing = not anything
eg2:nobody = no one = not anyone
eg3:I bought nothing.=I didn't buy anything.
④ every-类:用于肯定句,强调“全部、每一个”,不可以用于否定句(否定需要用not everyone,表示“并非所有人”)
eg1:Everyone likes this movie.
eg2:Not everyone likes this movie.
专项练习:
一、单项选择题:
1.Is there ________ in today’s newspaper?
A.something special
B.special something
C.anything special
D.special anything
【答案】C
【详解】句意:今天的报纸有什么特别的吗?
考查复合不定代词和定语后置。something某事(通常用于肯定句中);anything任何事物(通常用于否定句和疑问句中)。根据Is there...in today’s newspaper?可知,该句是一般疑问句,用anything;special是形容词,修饰不定代词,置于不定代词之后。故选C。
2.Next time, I want to do ________.
A.something different B.different something
C.anything different D.different anything
【答案】A
【详解】句意:下次,我想做点不一样的事。
考查不定代词的用法。something用作肯定句中;anything一般用于否定句或疑问句中;当形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词要后置,所以different something和different anything的表达形式是错误的。根据Next time, I want to do...,可知这里是肯定的语境,所以要用something。故选A。
3.To give her ________, please join us without ________ her about the party.
A.special something; telling B.something special; telling
C.special something; to tell D.something special; to tell
【答案】B
【详解】句意:为了给她一些特别的东西,请加入我们,不要告诉她关于聚会的事情。
在英语中,形容词修饰不定代词时要后置,因此“特别的东西”应该表达为something special;without为介词,其后跟动词-ing形式,因此第二个空应填telling。
4.Nancy spoke in such a low voice that in the room could hear her.
A.somebody B.everybody C.anybody D.nobody
【答案】D
【详解】句意:南希用如此低的声音说话,以至于房间里没人能听见她。
考查不定代词。somebody某人;everybody每个人;anybody任何人;nobody没人。根据Nancy spoke in such a low voice可知,南希说话声音如此之小以至于房间里没人能听到她(说的话)。故选D。
5.Jenny, do you have ________ to tell me?
A.anything important B.important anything
C.something important D.important something
【答案】A
【详解】句意:珍妮,你有什么重要的事要告诉我吗?
考查复合不定代词。anything任何事,用于疑问句和否定句中;something某事,用于肯定句中;important重要的,形容词。形容词important修饰复合不定代词时应后置,句子是一般疑问句,应用anything,故选A。
6.Make sure _______ has the textbooks when the new term starts.
A.nobody B.anybody C.somebody D.everybody
【答案】D
【详解】句意:新学期开始时,要确保每个人都有课本。
考查代词辨析。nobody没有人;anybody任何人;somebody某人;everybody每个人。根据when the new term starts.可知,新学期开始要确保每个人都有课本。故选D。
7.— Did you see ________ in the room? — No, I saw ________.
A.someone; anyone B.anyone; no one
C.someone; no one D.anyone; someone
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—— 你在房间里看见任何人了吗? —— 不,我谁都没看见。
someone某人;anyone任何人;no one没人。第一空是一般疑问句,用anyone;第二空根据答语No可知是否定含义,表示“没有人”,用no one。
8.Everyone ________ excited about the coming vacation.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
【答案】B
【详解】句意:每个人都对即将到来的假期感到兴奋。
am是(用于第一人称单数 I);is是(用于第三人称单数);are是(用于第二人称及复数);be是(动词原形)。Everyone是不定代词,作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,所以用is。故选B。
9.—We’re looking for ________ to deal with the new computer virus (病毒).
—Maybe my brother is the right person. He is ________ engineer.
A.someone; a B.anyone; an
C.anyone; the D.someone; an
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我们正在找人来对付新的电脑病毒。——也许我哥哥是合适的人选。他是一名工程师。
考查代词辨析和冠词。someone某人;anyone任何人。根据We’re looking for...可知是在寻找某个人,肯定句中用someone;第二个空表示泛指,engineer以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an。故选D。
10.I can’t help you now. Ask ________ to help you.
A.somebody other B.else somebody
C.somebody else D.anybody other
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我现在帮不了你。问问其他人来帮你吧。
考查不定代词的用法。somebody某人,常用于肯定句;anybody任何人,常用于否定句或疑问句;other其他的,常放在名词前;else其他的,常后置修饰不定代词或疑问代词。根据Ask ... to help you.可知,该句为肯定句,用不定代词somebody,else修饰不定代词要后置。故选C。
11.Search for some information first. If you know ________ about it, you can’t make it.
A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything
【答案】C
【详解】句意:先搜索一些信息。如果你对它一无所知,你就不能成功。
考查不定代词辨析。something某物;anything任何东西;nothing没有什么;everything每件事物。根据If you know...about it, you can’t make it.可知,此处应表示如果一无所知就不能成功。故选C。
12.You’re old enough to go travelling alone. I can help you book the hotel on the internet, but don’t wait for me to do ________ for you.
A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你已经足够大,可以独自旅行了。我可以帮你在网上预订酒店,但别等着我为你做所有事情。
考查不定代词辨析。everything一切事物,用于肯定句或疑问句;something某事,常用于肯定句;anything任何事物,常用于否定句或疑问句;nothing没有什么。根据You’re old enough to go travelling alone可知,此处强调“不要依赖我做所有事”,do everything for you表示“为你做一切”,符合语境。故选A。
13.His uncle has more money than ________.
A.anyone B.anyone else C.anyone else’s D.anyone’s else
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他的叔叔比其他任何人都有钱。
考查复合不定代词的用法。anyone任何人;else其他的,常修饰不定代词和疑问代词,且位于不定代词和疑问代词之后。故选B。
14.—Did you see ________ when you walked by the music classroom?
—Yes, I saw ________ cleaning the classroom.
A.anyone; anyone B.anyone; someone
C.someone; anyone D.everyone; someone
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你经过音乐教室的时候看见什么人了吗?——是的,我看见有人在打扫教室。
考查不定代词辨析。anyone某个人,通常用于否定句和疑问句;someone某个人,通常用于肯定句;everyone每个人。根据Did you see可知,第一空应用anyone,答句为肯定句,应用someone。故选B。
15.—Did you do ________ this summer?
—No, I just stayed at home most of the time to finish my homework.
A.something special B.anything special
C.special something D.special anything
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——这个夏天你做了什么特别的事吗? ——不,我大部分时间都只是待在家里完成作业。
考查不定代词。something某事,常用于肯定句;anything任何事,常用于否定句、疑问句。空格所在句为一般疑问句,应用anything,排除A、C。形容词修饰复合不定代词时应后置,排除D。故选B。
二、单词拼写题:
16.________________ (每个人) can live happily in such a nice country.
【答案】Everyone
【详解】句意:在如此好的国家,每个人都能生活的很幸福。
根据everyone每个人,代词做主语。故填Everyone。
17.—Do you have anything to say to me?
—No, n________.
【答案】(n)othing
【详解】句意:——你有什么要对我说的吗?——不,没什么。
根据Do you have anything to say to me和No以及首字母提示可知,没有什么想要对你说的,nothing符合语境。故填(n)othing。
18.There isn’t ________ (任何人) in the classroom. All the students are having a PE lesson in the playground.
【答案】anyone/anybody
【详解】句意:教室里一个人也没有。所有的学生都在操场上体育课。
结合句意和汉语提示可知,anyone/anybody“任何人”,复合不定代词,常用于否定句或疑问句中。故填anyone/anybody。
19.Did you go a________ interesting during the holidays?
【答案】anywhere/nywhere
【详解】句意:假期里你去什么有趣的地方了吗?
根据interesting during the holidays可知,空处指“一些地方”,本句为一般疑问句,表达“某个地方”在疑问句中需使用anywhere;形容词修饰不定副词时要后置。
20.This washing machine doesn’t work. Maybe ________ (某物) is wrong with it.
【答案】something
【详解】句意:这台洗衣机不工作了。也许它出了什么问题。
根据Maybe“也许”、is wrong with it“它出问题了”以及括号内的提示“某物”可知,这里需要一个表示“某物”的不定代词。“某物”的英文是something,常用于肯定句中,在此句中作主语,符合语境。故填something。
三、完成句子:
21.多亏了詹妮,现在一切都好了。
________ ________ Jenny, ________ is OK now.
【答案】Thanks to everything
【详解】对照中英文可知,缺少“多亏了”和“一切”。“多亏了”用thanks to,位于句首,首字母大写;“一切”用不定代词everything。故填Thanks;to;everything。
22.早上我们互相问好。
We say ________ ________ ________ ________ in the morning.
【答案】hi to each other
【详解】对比所给中英文可知,设空处为“互相问好”;say hi to“问好”;each other“互相”。故填hi;to;each;other。
23.没有人知道答案。
__________ knows the answer.
【答案】Nobody
【详解】“没有人”常见的英文表达是nobody。nobody常用来指人,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,句首词首字母需大写。故填Nobody。
24.多特别的陶杯!看,把手内侧有些微小图案!
________ clay cup! Look, there’s ________ tiny painted inside the handle!
【答案】What a special something
【详解】根据汉语提示和“...clay cup!”可知,第一句为感叹句,为“What a+adj+单数名词”结构,special意为“特别的”,作定语,修饰名词clay cup,句首首字母大写,因此第一空填What a special;根据汉语意思和there’s...tiny painted inside the handle可知,第二空为肯定句,“something+adj”意为“怎样的东西”,tiny作定语,放在不定代词something后面,因此第二空填something。故填What a special;something。
25.什么都不穿你会看起来酷,感觉也很酷!
You’ll ________ and feel cool ________!
【答案】look cool with nothing on
【详解】根据中英文可知,look cool“看起来酷”;with nothing on“什么都不穿”。will+动词原形。故填look cool;with nothing on。
四、翻译题:
26.您还需要其他东西吗?
_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】Do you need anything else?
【详解】“您还需要其他东西吗?”译为“Do you need anything else?”。“您”英文为you,人称代词主格作主语;“需要”英文为need,实义动词,疑问句,需借用助动词do(一般现在时,对应主语you);“其他东西”英文为“anything else”,else和不定代词连用,需后置,anything一般用于否定句和疑问句,此处用于疑问句。
27.昨天我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。(someone)
_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】I met someone who was an old friend on the street yesterday.
【详解】“昨天我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。”译为“I met someone who was an old friend on the street yesterday.”。句中有时间状语“昨天”(yesterday),表明句子应用一般过去时,谓语动词meet需变为过去式met。题干括号内明确提示使用someone,“老朋友”表达为someone who was an old friend;英语中状语的顺序通常是“地点+时间”,即on the street放在yesterday之前。
28.每个人都可以就如何保护环境分享想法。
_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】Everyone can share ideas on how to protect the environment.
【详解】根据汉语意思可知,本句时态为一般现在时。Everyone“每个人”,代词,作句子主语,谓语动词用单数形式;can“可以;能够”,情态动词,后接动词原形;share“分享”,动词。Ideas“想法;主意”,名词idea的复数形式。On“关于”,介词,引出分享想法的具体内容;how to protect“如何保护”,“疑问词+不定式”结构,作介词on的宾语;environment“环境”,名词,前通常加定冠词the。故填Everyone can share ideas on how to protect the environment.
29.你和任何人出去的吗?
_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】Did you go out with anyone?
【详解】分析题干可知,句子为一般疑问句,时态为一般过去时;you“你”,作句子主语;go out“出去”,动词短语;with“和……一起”,介词;anyone“任何人”,复合不定代词,用于疑问句和否定句中,作介词宾语;句子谓语动词为go,且时态为一般过去时,变一般疑问句时,要借助助动词did,后接动词原形,位于句首,首字母要大写。故填Did you go out with anyone?
30.最重要的是学到一些有趣的东西。
_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】The most important thing is to learn something interesting.
【详解】the most important thing最重要的事,作主语,放句首首字母要大写;不定代词something,有形容词修饰时,把形容词放在something后,表示学到一些有趣的东西,可用动词不定式to learn something interesting,在句中作表语。故填The most important thing is to learn something interesting.
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