Unit 1 Happy Holiday复合不定代词和一般过去时精讲精练2026-2027 学年人教版英语八年级上册

**基本信息** 初中英语新授课同步练，聚焦复合不定代词（新授）与一般过去时（复习），通过基础选择与综合转换题分层设计，构建"规则讲解-基础应用-综合转换"巩固路径，提升语言应用能力与逻辑思维。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础应用层|复合不定代词分类/使用规则、一般过去时动词变化|20道单选（如复合不定代词形容词后置、一般过去时标志词），直接考查核心语法点| |综合转换层|句式转换（否定/疑问）、易混词辨析|20道句型转换（如复合不定代词否定句、一般过去时特殊疑问句），强化语法综合应用|

答案解析 复合不定代词 一、单项选择（20题） 1. 答案：A。解析：形容词else修饰不定代词要后置，排除C、D；本句意为我还有别的话要说，表肯定含义用something else，nothing else没别的话不符合语境。 2. 答案：C。解析：none 专门指代上文提到的同一类物品（红毛衣），强调数量上一件不剩；nothing 指店里空无一物，语义过重；no one 只能指代人；something 表示有某物，均不符合语境。 3. 答案：B。解析：none of+人群，表这里除了你我谁都不认识；either两者其一，all全部，no one不能搭配of。 4. 答案：D。解析：not everybody表部分否定，并非所有人都喜欢电子阅读；nobody没人，somebody某人，anybody任何人均不符合逻辑。 5. 答案：C。解析：形容词wrong后置修饰something，即something wrong；固定搭配have sb. do sth.让某人做某事，用动词原形fix。 6. 答案：C。解析：形容词修饰不定代词后置，肯定句表示天上有奇妙的东西用something amazing；anything用于疑问/否定句。 7. 答案：B。解析：复合不定代词everyone作主语视为单数，be动词用is。 8. 答案：C。解析：someone作主语为单数；Listen!是现在进行时标志，结构is talking。 9. 答案：B。解析：no one作主语谓语动词用三单likes。 10. 答案：A。解析：everything一切事物，句意为那里的一切都清新美好；something某物，nothing没有东西，anything任何事物均不通顺。 11. 答案：D。解析：know nothing一无所知，句意：像一无所知一样去学习；everything所有事，something某事，anything任何事不符合语境。 12. 答案：B。解析：肯定句用something，否定句用anything；旅行后Helen买了东西，但Peter什么都没买。 13. 答案：A。解析：Nobody没人，答句后文自学，说明没人教他；everybody每个人，somebody某人，anybody任何人均矛盾。 14. 答案：C。解析：anybody任何人，句意：你不必成为任何人，做自己就好；somebody某人，everybody每个人，nobody没人不符合句意。 15. 答案：D。解析：everyone每个人，句意：每个人都能学好英语；someone某人，anyone任何人，no one没人逻辑不符。 16. 答案：D。解析：肯定陈述句指代某人用someone；anyone任何人（疑问/否定），no one没人，everyone所有人不符合后文“可能是他妈妈”。 17. 答案：D。解析：肯定句推测某人拿错字典用somebody；anybody任何人，nobody没人，everybody每个人语义不通。 18. 答案：D。解析：not everybody部分否定，我认为不是所有人都能通过考试；somebody某人，anybody任何人，nobody没人不符合。 19. 答案：C。解析：现在没人写作业，所有人都在玩耍；someone某人，anyone任何人，no one没人逻辑相反。 20. 答案：B。解析：No one没人，后文她独立完成，说明没人帮忙；someone某人，everyone所有人，anyone任何人矛盾。 二、句型转换（10题，每空一词） 1. 答案：isn’t anything。解析：something在否定句改为anything，be动词is变否定isn’t。 2. 答案：Nobody。解析：everybody全部肯定，完全否定用nobody。 3. 答案：didn’t; anything。解析：一般过去时实义动词否定加didn’t，动词还原read；something变anything。 4. 答案：Was; anything。解析：there be过去式一般疑问提前was；something改为anything。 5. 答案：Did; anything。解析：一般过去时实义动词一般疑问用Did，动词还原buy；something改为anything。 6. 答案：can see nobody；解析：not anybody = nobody，can’t see anybody = can see nobody。 7. 答案：something wrong。解析：固定同义句There’s something wrong with sth.某物出故障。 8. 答案：found nothing。解析：didn’t find anything = found nothing，时态保持过去式found。 9. 答案：didn’t meet anyone。解析：过去时否定加didn’t，动词还原meet；someone改为anyone。 10. 答案：too; anyone。解析：so...that no one = too...for anyone to do，too...to结构表太……而不能。 一般过去时 一、单项选择（15题） 1. 答案：C。解析：yesterday昨天是一般过去时标志，break过去式broke；breaks一般现在时，will break将来时，has broken现在完成时。 2. 答案：B。解析：in the 1980s二十世纪八十年代为过去时间，happen过去式happened。 3. 答案：B。解析：just now刚才，一般过去时，lend过去式lent。 4. 答案：B。解析：just now刚才，过去时，play过去式played。 5. 答案：C。解析：finished为过去式，整句时态统一过去，have过去式had。 6. 答案：B。解析：yesterday昨天，try过去式tried。 7. 答案：C。解析：last weekend上周末，plan过去式planned。 8. 答案：C。解析：last Mother’s Day去年母亲节，buy过去式bought。 9. 答案：D。解析：twenty years ago二十年前，build过去式built。 10. 答案：B。解析：three years ago三年前，live过去式lived。 11. 答案：B。解析：yesterday昨天，leave过去式left。 12. 答案：B。解析：yesterday过去时间，clean过去式cleaned。 13. 答案：B。解析：last year去年，单纯过去时间段用一般过去时studied。 14. 答案：A。解析：last week上周，lead过去式led。 15. 答案：C。解析：two days ago两天前，arrive过去式arrived；arrive无被动，排除D。 二、句型转换（10题，每空一词） 1. 答案：Were; wasn’t。解析：主语you搭配be动词过去式were；否定回答I wasn’t。 2. 一般疑问句：Did Mr. Sato help Benjamin repair the broken bowl?；肯定回答：Yes, he did.；否定回答：No, he didn’t.。解析：实义动词过去式变疑问加Did，动词还原help。 3. 答案：didn’t lose。解析：过去时实义动词否定didn’t+动词原形lose。 4. 答案：Did; have。解析：had为have过去式，一般疑问加Did，动词还原have。 5. 答案：didn’t do。解析：did为实义动词“做”，否定用didn’t do。 6. 答案：Where did。解析：划线in the park地点提问用Where；过去时加did，动词还原。 7. 答案：When did; support。解析：划线last year时间提问用When，助动词did后动词还原support。 8. 答案：was not / wasn’t。解析：含be动词was，直接加not变否定wasn’t。 9. 答案：didn’t put。解析：put过去式原形同形，否定加didn’t，动词用原形put。 10. 答案：didn’t have。解析：had to过去式，否定用didn’t have to。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版（新教材）八年级上册Unit 1 Happy Holiday语法讲练 核心语法1：复合不定代词（本单元新授语法） 知识点1 核心语法讲解 复合不定代词由some-/any-/no-/every- 前缀 + -one/-body/-thing 后缀构成，可指代人、事物，语法上统一视作单数。 前缀分类 -one（指代人） -body（指代人） -thing（指代事物） some- someone 某人 somebody 某人 something 某物/某事 any- anyone 任何人 anybody 任何人 anything 任何事物 no- no one 没有人 nobody 没有人 nothing 没有东西 every- everyone 每个人 everybody 每个人 everything 所有事物 知识点2 四大核心使用规则 规则1：句子成分：可作主语、宾语、表语 例句1：Everything goes well.（everything在句中充当主语。） 例句2：For lunch, we had something special.（something special作动词had的宾语） 例句3：Money isn’t everything.（everything放在系动词isn’t后，作表语） 规则2：作句子主语，谓语动词必须用第三人称单数 复合不定代词语法属性为单数，其后谓语动词用三单形式。 例句：Something is wrong with my watch. 解析：主语something为复合不定代词，视作单数，be动词使用is。 例句：Everyone is special. 解析：主语everyone视作单数，系动词搭配is。 规则3：形容词、to do不定式作定语，必须后置 固定结构：复合不定代词 + 形容词 / to do不定式； 1. 形容词后置 ✅ something interesting 有趣的事 例句：I have something interesting to tell you. 解析：形容词interesting后置修饰something。 2. 不定式to do后置，表用途 例句：Do you have anything to eat? 解析：to eat作后置定语，修饰anything，表示“用来吃的东西”。 规则4：some-类与any-类场景区分 1. some-类适用场景 ① 肯定陈述句；② would/could引导委婉请求、提建议的问句（期待对方肯定答复） 例句：Somebody is playing football now. 解析：肯定陈述句，使用somebody。 例句：Would you like something to eat? 解析：委婉提问，期待对方肯定答复，不用anything。 2. any-类适用场景 ① 否定句、普通疑问句；② 肯定句中翻译为“任何人/任何事” 例句：Did anyone call me? 解析：普通疑问句，指代人用anyone。 例句：Anyone can do this. 解析：肯定句，any表“任何”，anyone指任何人。 规则5：no-类词汇自带否定含义，禁止叠加not nobody / no one / nothing 本身表否定，简单句中不能再加not，否则构成双重否定语法错误。 ✅ There is nothing in the hotel room. ❌ There isn’t nothing in the hotel room.（双重否定，错误） 规则6：every-与not连用，表部分否定 结构：not + everyone / everything，翻译为“并非所有人/并非所有事”，不是全部否定；想要完全否定需替换为nobody/nothing。 例句：Not everyone likes travelling to ancient towns. 解析：not everyone 表部分否定，意思是“不是所有人都喜欢古镇旅行”。 知识点3 易混词汇对比辨析 (1) no one vs none - no one (= nobody)：仅指代人，后不能搭配of短语；用于回答who提问 例：No one forgot their passport. 解析：只说人，无of结构，回答“谁没来/谁忘记”。 - none：既可指人，也可指物；常搭配of + 名词复数；用于回答how many/how much提问 例：None of the visitors missed the tower. 解析：none of+复数名词，指代游客群体，回答数量问题。 (2) someone(合写) vs some one(分开写) / anyone vs any one - someone / anyone（合写）：仅指代人，后面不能接of短语 例：Someone is standing on the square. - some one / any one（分开写）：可指人或物品，后可搭配of短语 例：Any one of you can take photos here. 解析：any one of 表示“你们当中任意一个”，分开写才能搭配of。 (3) 复合不定词 + else 的所有格变形 else 修饰复合不定词时后置；所有格符号加在else后，结构：不定词 + else + ’s 例：somebody else’s travel budget 解析：else后置，所有格为else’s，意为“别人的预算”。 考点精练 一、单项选择（共20小题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 ( )1．—Have you finished your report, Jane? —Not yet. I still have ________ to say. A．something else B．nothing else C．else something D．else nothing ( )2．—Why not buy a red sweater in this style? —Because there is ________ left in the shop. A．nothing B．something C．none D．no one ( )3．—Why not borrow some money from your friends? —But I know ________ of the people here except you. A．either B．none C．all D．no one ( )4．—More and more students enjoy e-reading in their free time. —That’s true, but not ________ is interested in it. Some students like paper reading better. A．nobody B．somebody C．anybody D．everybody ( )5．There is ________ with my laptop. I will have someone ________ it this afternoon. A．something wrong；to fix B．wrong something；fix C．something wrong；fix D．wrong something；to fix ( )6．Look! There is ________ in the sky. It looks like a flying pancake. A．amazing anything B．anything amazing C．something amazing D．amazing something ( )7．Everyone ________ excited about the coming vacation. A．am B．is C．are D．be ( )8．Listen! Someone ________ about the power of plants in the next room. A．talk B．talks C．is talking D．are talking ( )9．No one in our class ________ taking apart their favourite model toys. A．like B．likes C．liking D．to like ( )10．— How was your trip to the countryside? — Wonderful! _________ there was so fresh and beautiful. A．Everything B．Something C．Nothing D．Anything ( )11．—Dad, can you tell me how to be a smart learner? —Only empty cups can be full of the most water, so remember to learn just like you know ________. A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing ( )12．After the trip, Helen bought ________, but Peter didn’t buy ________. A．anything, something B．something, anything C．something; nothing D．nothing; something ( )13．—Who taught him history last year? —________! He learnt it by himself. A．Nobody B．Everybody C．Somebody D．Anybody ( )14．—I’d like to be a lady like the star in the poster. She is so pretty. —Oh, dear. You don’t have to be ________. Just be yourself. A．somebody B．everybody C．anybody D．nobody ( )15．—Do you think ________ can learn English well? —Of course. If you practice every day and enjoy the process, you will make progress. A．someone B．anyone C．no one D．everyone ( )16．— ________ is waiting for Sam outside our school. It may be his mother. Let’s go and tell him. — OK. A．Anyone B．No one C．Everyone D．Someone ( )17．—I think _______ must have taken my dictionary by mistake. —Don’t worry. Let’s ask around. A．anybody B．nobody C．everybody D．somebody ( )18．—What an easy exam! It’s the easiest exam I’ve ever taken part in. —But I don’t think ________ can pass it. A．somebody B．anybody C．nobody D．everybody ( )19．No one is doing homework now. _____ is having fun. A．Someone B．Anyone C．Everyone D．No one ( )20．-Who helped Mary finish the task, Tony? -________. She did it by herself. A．Someone B．No one C．Everyone D．Anyone 二、句型转换（共10小题） 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。 1．There’s something wrong with my bike. (改为否定句) There ________ ________ wrong with my bike. 2．Everybody likes the interesting story. (改为否定句) ________ likes the interesting story. 3．Helen read something interesting in her free time. (变为否定句) Helen ________ read ________ interesting in her free time. 4．There was something important in the letter. (改为一般疑问句) ________ there ________ important in the letter? 5．Grace bought something for her parents on her trip. (改为一般疑问句) ________ Grace buy ________ for her parents on her trip? 6．I can’t see anybody deep in the forest. (改为同义句) I ________ ________ ________ deep in the forest. 7．My bicycle is broken. (改为同义句) There is ________ ________ with my bicycle. 8．The cat jumped inside the box and looked around, but didn’t find anything. (同义句转换) The cat jumped inside the box and looked around, but ________ ________. 9．She met someone interesting at the party. (改为否定句) She ______ ______ ______ interesting at the party. 10．The maths problem is so difficult that no one in our class can work it out. (保持句意不变) The maths problem is ________ difficult for ________ in our class to work out. 核心语法2：一般过去时（复习七下 U7-U8旧知） 知识点1 一般过去时定义与时间标志词 1. 含义：表示过去发生的动作或过去存在的状态，动作发生在过去，与现在无关。 例：I was a teacher 3 years ago.（过去存在的状态） 例：I played volleyball yesterday.（过去发生的动作） 2. 常用时间标志词 ① yesterday系列 ② …ago系列 ③ last系列 ④ just now(刚才) ⑤ in+过去年份 知识点2 动词过去式变化规则 （1）规则变化表 变化类型 变化规则 单词示例 一般情况 动词末尾直接加-ed look — looked；want — wanted；play — played 以e结尾的动词 词尾只加-d live — lived；hope — hoped 重读闭音节结尾（辅+元+辅） 双写末尾辅音字母，再加-ed stop — stopped；shop — shopped；plan — planned 辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i，再加-ed study — studied；worry — worried （2）不规则变化 无统一变化规则，参考不规则动词变化表； 单元旅行高频不规则：go—went, see—saw, take—took, forget—forgot。 知识点3 一般过去时完整句式结构 （1）含be动词(was/were)的句型 句式 结构+例句 肯定句 主语+was/were+其他；Our school trip was great last week. 否定句 主语+wasn’t/weren’t+其他；Our school trip wasn’t great last week. 一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+其他；Was your school trip great last week? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+Was/Were+主语+其他；How was your school trip last week? （2）含实义动词的句型 句式 结构+例句 肯定句 主语+动词过去式+其他；I watched TV last night. 否定句 主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他；I didn’t watch TV last night. 一般疑问句 Did+主语+动词原形+其他；Did you watch TV last night? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+Did+主语+动词原形；What did you do last night? 考点精练 一、单项选择（共15小题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 ( )1．Sam ________ his arm in the basketball match yesterday. A．breaks B．will break C．broke D．has broken ( )2．The story ________ in a small village in the 1980s. A．happens B．happened C．is happening D．will happen ( )3．— Andy, may I borrow your dictionary? I have problems with these words. — I am afraid not. I ________ it to Lily just now. A．lend B．lent C．will lend D．am lending ( )4．They ________ basketball on the playground just now. A．play B．played C．are playing D．will play ( )5．He ________ a good rest after he finished the work just now. A．have B．has C．had D．having ( )6．My brother ________ to fix the broken radio yesterday, but he didn’t succeed. A．tries B．tried C．will try D．has tried ( )7．—How was your last weekend? —Terrible! I ________ to visit a farm with my family, but the weather played a great joke on us. A．plan B．will plan C．planned D．am planning ( )8．She ________ a nice gift for her mother last Mother’s Day. A．buy B．buys C．bought D．will buy ( )9．They ________ their house twenty years ago. It looks very old now. A．build B．are building C．will build D．built ( )10．My uncle lives in Beijing now, but he ________ in Shanghai three years ago. A．lives B．lived C．is living D．will live ( )11．I ________ my book on the bus when I came back home yesterday. A．leave B．left C．leaves D．will leave ( )12．The team ________ the classroom in ten minutes yesterday. A．clean B．cleaned C．will clean D．cleans ( )13．My cousin ________ in an American university for three months last year. A．has studied B．studied C．studies D．was studying ( )14．The young man ________ his team to win the first place in the competition last week. A．led B．leads C．lead D．leading ( )15．The visitors ________ in Shenzhen about two days ago. A．are arriving B．will arrive C．arrived D．were arrived 二、句型转换（共10小题） 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。 1．I was in Shanghai yesterday. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) —________ you in Shanghai yesterday? —No, I ________. 2．Mr. Sato helped Benjamin repair the broken bowl. 一般疑问句：________________________ 肯定回答：________________ 否定回答：_______________ 3．The boy lost his key yesterday. (改为否定句) The boy ________ ________ his key yesterday. 4．He had dinner at a restaurant yesterday.（改为一般疑问句） _________he _________dinner at a restaurant yesterday? 5．She did her homework at school.（改为否定句） She_________ _________her homework at school. 6．We had a picnic in the park last weekend. (划线部分提问) ________ ________ you have a picnic last weekend? 7．The government supported farmers last year. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the government ________ farmers? 8．I was nervous when I had to give a speech.(改为否定句) I ________ ________ nervous when I had to give a speech. 9．He put his books on the desk last night.(改为否定句) He ______ ______ his books on the desk last night. 10．He had to walk to school last year.(改为否定句) He________ ________ to walk to school last year. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $