2026-2027学年人教版八年级英语上册同步语法讲解(感叹句)-(人教版)
2026-07-21
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摘要:
该初中英语感叹句知识清单系统梳理了感叹句语法要点,涵盖含义、两种基本结构、核心区别、使用注意事项及记忆口诀,构建了从语法规则理解到分层练习应用的递进式学习支架。
清单采用“结构对比+分层精练”设计,通过表格清晰呈现What与How的核心区别,标注中考高频考点如“a/an的选择”,并配套“看到名词用What,看到形副用How”的记忆口诀,培养学生语言能力与学习能力。分层练习题含基础、提升及中考真题,助力不同水平学生高效掌握,教师可直接用于课堂教学与分层辅导。
内容正文:
感叹句
(语法讲解+分层精练)
目 录
一、含义 1
二、感叹句的两种基本结构 1
1. What 引导的感叹句(强调名词) 1
2. How 引导的感叹句(强调形容词/副词/动词) 2
三、What 与 How 的核心区别 2
四、使用注意事项 2
1. 口语中常省略主语和谓语 2
2. a/an 的选择(中考高频考点) 2
3. 表数量的 few/little/many/much 前用 How 2
4. What 与 How 的互换 2
五、记忆口诀 2
六、中考分层练习题(30题) 3
基础篇(第1-10题) 3
提升篇(第11-20题) 3
中考真题篇(第21-30题) 4
一、含义
感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)是用来表达说话人喜、怒、哀、乐、惊讶、赞美等强烈感情的句子。句末用感叹号“!”,朗读时用降调。
感叹句一般由 what 或 how 引导,是中考必考语法点之一。
二、感叹句的两种基本结构
1. What 引导的感叹句(强调名词)
what 修饰名词,名词前可带形容词或冠词。
结构
例句
What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!
What a delicious meal it is!
What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!
What beautiful flowers these are!
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!
What fine weather it is today!
2. How 引导的感叹句(强调形容词/副词/动词)
how 修饰形容词、副词或整个句子。
结构
例句
How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!
How delicious the meal is!
How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
How fast he runs!
How + 主语 + 谓语!
How time flies!
三、What 与 How 的核心区别
对比项
What
How
强调对象
强调名词
强调形容词/副词/动词
判断技巧
去掉主谓后,剩余核心是名词→用 What
去掉主谓后,剩余核心是形容词/副词→用 How
典型结构
What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词
How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语
四、使用注意事项
1. 口语中常省略主语和谓语
· What a pity!(真遗憾!)
· How wonderful!(太棒了!)
2. a/an 的选择(中考高频考点)
what 引导的单数可数名词前,根据形容词的发音(而非拼写)选择 a 或 an。
· What a useful dictionary!(useful 以辅音音素 /juː/ 开头)
· What an amazing smell!(amazing 以元音音素 /ə/ 开头)
3. 表数量的 few/little/many/much 前用 How
· How little money I have!(√)
· 比较:What a little box!(此处 little 表“小”,非数量)
4. What 与 How 的互换
强调同一事物时,两种结构可互换:
· What a beautiful girl she is! = How beautiful the girl is!
· What an interesting book! = How interesting the book is!
五、记忆口诀
看到名词用 What,看到形副用 How;
单数可数加 a/an,复数不可数不加;
a/an 看发音不看拼写,主谓常常可省略。
六、中考分层练习题(30题)
📘 基础篇(第1-10题)
1. ______ a beautiful day it is!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
2. ______ fast he runs!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
3. ______ interesting story she told us!
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
4. ______ delicious the soup is!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
5. ______ beautiful flowers they are!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
6. ______ bad weather it is!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
7. ______ clever the boy is!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
8. ______ useful advice you gave me!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
9. ______ wonderful news it is!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
10. ______ hard they are working!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
📗 提升篇(第11-20题)
11. ______ honest boy he is!
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
12. ______ exciting news! We are all happy.
A. What B. How C. What an D. How an
13. —______ heavy snow! —Yes. Let’s make a snowman.
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
14. ______ time flies!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
15. ______ nice day! Let’s go out for a walk.
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
16. —______ do you like the new movie? —______ exciting it is!
A. How; What B. What; How C. How; How D. What; What
17. ______ lovely weather we are having!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
18. ______ fast the car is running!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
19. What a beautiful park it is! = ______ beautiful the park is!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
20. ______ unusual experience we had in the museum!
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
📙 中考真题篇(第21-30题)
21.—We are going to the Sanxingdui Ruins. ______ we are! —Have a good time!
A. What excited B. How excited C. How exciting
22.______ kind boy Mike is! He always helps his classmates with math.
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
23.______ beautiful the poem Mom Knows Best is! I want to read it to my mom.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
24.______ meaningful day! We volunteered to clean up our city park.
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
25.—Our team won the first place. —______ exciting news it is!
A. What B. How C. What an D. How an
26.—Li Lei won the first place. ______ good news it is! —Yes, we’re all happy for him.
A. How B. What a C. What
27.—______ wonderful experience our family had in the Mogao Caves! —I’m glad you had a good time.
A. What B. How C. How a D. What a
28.______ amazing it is! The Shenzhou XVIII members raise fish for the first time in Tiangong space station.
A. What B. How C. What an
29.______ good day! Why not take a walk along the sea?
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
30.—China won all the gold medals at the 2023 World Table Tennis Championships. —______ exciting news!
A. What a B. How a C. How D. What
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感叹句
(语法讲解+分层精练)
目 录
一、含义 1
二、感叹句的两种基本结构 1
1. What 引导的感叹句(强调名词) 1
2. How 引导的感叹句(强调形容词/副词/动词) 1
三、What 与 How 的核心区别 2
四、使用注意事项 2
1. 口语中常省略主语和谓语 2
2. a/an 的选择(中考高频考点) 2
3. 表数量的 few/little/many/much 前用 How 2
4. What 与 How 的互换 2
五、记忆口诀 2
六、中考分层练习题(30题) 2
基础篇(第1-10题) 2
提升篇(第11-20题) 4
中考真题篇(第21-30题) 5
一、含义
感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)是用来表达说话人喜、怒、哀、乐、惊讶、赞美等强烈感情的句子。句末用感叹号“!”,朗读时用降调。
感叹句一般由 what 或 how 引导,是中考必考语法点之一。
二、感叹句的两种基本结构
1. What 引导的感叹句(强调名词)
what 修饰名词,名词前可带形容词或冠词。
结构
例句
What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!
What a delicious meal it is!
What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!
What beautiful flowers these are!
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!
What fine weather it is today!
2. How 引导的感叹句(强调形容词/副词/动词)
how 修饰形容词、副词或整个句子。
结构
例句
How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!
How delicious the meal is!
How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
How fast he runs!
How + 主语 + 谓语!
How time flies!
三、What 与 How 的核心区别
对比项
What
How
强调对象
强调名词
强调形容词/副词/动词
判断技巧
去掉主谓后,剩余核心是名词→用 What
去掉主谓后,剩余核心是形容词/副词→用 How
典型结构
What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词
How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语
四、使用注意事项
1. 口语中常省略主语和谓语
· What a pity!(真遗憾!)
· How wonderful!(太棒了!)
2. a/an 的选择(中考高频考点)
what 引导的单数可数名词前,根据形容词的发音(而非拼写)选择 a 或 an。
· What a useful dictionary!(useful 以辅音音素 /juː/ 开头)
· What an amazing smell!(amazing 以元音音素 /ə/ 开头)
3. 表数量的 few/little/many/much 前用 How
· How little money I have!(√)
· 比较:What a little box!(此处 little 表“小”,非数量)
4. What 与 How 的互换
强调同一事物时,两种结构可互换:
· What a beautiful girl she is! = How beautiful the girl is!
· What an interesting book! = How interesting the book is!
五、记忆口诀
看到名词用 What,看到形副用 How;
单数可数加 a/an,复数不可数不加;
a/an 看发音不看拼写,主谓常常可省略。
六、中考分层练习题(30题)
📘 基础篇(第1-10题)
1. ______ a beautiful day it is!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
答案:A
解析:句中强调名词“day”,且 day 是可数名词单数,应填 What a。但选项中 What a 与 a beautiful day 中的 a 重复,此处 What a beautiful day 完整表达即为“多么美好的一天”。选 A(What a)。
2. ______ fast he runs!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
答案:B
解析:句中强调副词“fast”,用 How 引导。How fast he runs!(他跑得多快啊!)
3. ______ interesting story she told us!
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
答案:B
解析:强调名词“story”,单数可数名词,interesting 以元音音素开头,用 What an。
4. ______ delicious the soup is!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
答案:B
解析:强调形容词“delicious”,用 How。How delicious the soup is!(这汤多美味啊!)
5. ______ beautiful flowers they are!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
答案:A
解析:强调复数名词“flowers”,用 What,不加 a/an。What beautiful flowers they are!
6. ______ bad weather it is!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
答案:A
解析:weather 是不可数名词,用 What,不加 a/an。What bad weather it is!
7. ______ clever the boy is!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
答案:B
解析:强调形容词“clever”,用 How。How clever the boy is!
8. ______ useful advice you gave me!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
答案:A
解析:advice 是不可数名词,用 What,不加 a/an。注意 useful 虽是元音字母开头但发音以辅音 /juː/ 开头,但此处 advice 不可数,直接 What useful advice。
9. ______ wonderful news it is!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
答案:A
解析:news 是不可数名词,用 What,不加 a/an。
10. ______ hard they are working!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
答案:B
解析:强调副词“hard”,用 How。How hard they are working!
📗 提升篇(第11-20题)
11. ______ honest boy he is!
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
答案:B
解析:强调名词“boy”,单数可数名词,honest 以元音音素 /ɒ/ 开头(h 不发音),用 What an。
12. ______ exciting news! We are all happy.
A. What B. How C. What an D. How an
答案:A
解析:news 是不可数名词,用 What,不加 a/an。注意不要被 exciting 迷惑选 What an。
13. —______ heavy snow! —Yes. Let’s make a snowman.
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
答案:C
解析:snow 通常不可数,但此处“一场大雪”作可数名词单数理解,用 What a。同类用法:What a heavy rain!
14. ______ time flies!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
答案:B
解析:How time flies! 是固定用法,how 修饰整个句子。
15. ______ nice day! Let’s go out for a walk.
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
答案:C
解析:强调名词“day”,单数可数名词,用 What a。day 前有 nice 修饰,但核心仍是名词。
16. —______ do you like the new movie? —______ exciting it is!
A. How; What B. What; How C. How; How D. What; What
答案:C
解析:第一空问“你觉得怎么样”用 How;第二空强调形容词 exciting,用 How。
17. ______ lovely weather we are having!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
答案:A
解析:weather 是不可数名词,用 What,不加 a/an。
18. ______ fast the car is running!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
答案:B
解析:强调副词“fast”,用 How。
19. What a beautiful park it is! = ______ beautiful the park is!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
答案:B
解析:同义句转换,强调形容词 beautiful,用 How。
20. ______ unusual experience we had in the museum!
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
答案:B
解析:强调名词“experience”(可数名词单数,意为“一次经历”),unusual 以元音音素 /ʌ/ 开头,用 What an。
📙 中考真题篇(第21-30题)
21.—We are going to the Sanxingdui Ruins. ______ we are! —Have a good time!
A. What excited B. How excited C. How exciting
答案:B
解析:句意“我们多兴奋啊!”强调形容词 excited(指人感到兴奋),用 How excited。exciting 指事物令人兴奋,此处主语是 we,应用 excited。
22.______ kind boy Mike is! He always helps his classmates with math.
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
答案:C
解析:强调名词“boy”,单数可数名词,kind 以辅音音素 /k/ 开头,用 What a。
23.______ beautiful the poem Mom Knows Best is! I want to read it to my mom.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
答案:C
解析:强调形容词“beautiful”,用 How。How beautiful the poem is!
24.______ meaningful day! We volunteered to clean up our city park.
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
答案:C
解析:强调名词“day”,单数可数名词,meaningful 以辅音音素 /m/ 开头,用 What a。
25.—Our team won the first place. —______ exciting news it is!
A. What B. How C. What an D. How an
答案:A
解析:news 是不可数名词,用 What,不加 a/an。
26.—Li Lei won the first place. ______ good news it is! —Yes, we’re all happy for him.
A. How B. What a C. What
答案:C
解析:news 是不可数名词,用 What,不加 a/an。
27.—______ wonderful experience our family had in the Mogao Caves! —I’m glad you had a good time.
A. What B. How C. How a D. What a
答案:D
解析:experience 此处作可数名词,意为“一次经历”,单数可数名词,wonderful 以辅音音素 /w/ 开头,用 What a。
28.______ amazing it is! The Shenzhou XVIII members raise fish for the first time in Tiangong space station.
A. What B. How C. What an
答案:B
解析:强调形容词“amazing”,用 How。How amazing it is!
29.______ good day! Why not take a walk along the sea?
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
答案:B
解析:强调名词“day”,单数可数名词,用 What a。
30.—China won all the gold medals at the 2023 World Table Tennis Championships. —______ exciting news!
A. What a B. How a C. How D. What
答案:D
解析:news 是不可数名词,用 What,不加 a/an。
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