内容正文:
情态动词can / could
(语法讲解+分层精练)
目 录
一、表示请求(Request)——请对方做某事 1
二、表示许可(Permission)——请求对方允许自己做某事 2
三、Can 与 Could 在请求/许可中的区别 2
四、否定形式(三种情况) 2
1. 否定疑问句(表示催促、建议或惊讶) 2
2. 请求对方“不要做某事” 3
3. 否定回答(拒绝) 3
五、核心易错点(必须记牢) 3
六、记忆口诀 3
七、中考分层练习题(30题) 3
基础篇(第1-10题) 3
提升篇(第11-20题) 4
中考真题篇(第21-30题) 5
一、表示请求(Request)——请对方做某事
句型
语气
使用场合
Can you (please) + 动词原形?
直接、口语化
熟人、朋友、家人
Could you (please) + 动词原形?
委婉、礼貌
陌生人、长辈、正式场合
Could you please not + 动词原形?
委婉请求对方不要做某事
任何场合
例句:
· Can you help me carry this box?(你能帮我搬这个箱子吗?)
· Could you please open the window?(请您打开窗户好吗?)
· Could you please not talk loudly?(请您不要大声说话好吗?)
回答方式:
· 肯定:Sure. / Of course. / No problem. / Yes, I can.
· 否定:Sorry, I can't. / I'm afraid I can't.
⚠️ 回答只能用 can 或 can't,绝对不能用 could 或 couldn't。
二、表示许可(Permission)——请求对方允许自己做某事
句型
语气
使用场合
Can I + 动词原形?
直接、非正式
熟人之间
Could I + 动词原形?
委婉、礼貌
正式场合或对长辈
例句:
· Can I use your pen?(我能用你的笔吗?)
· Could I borrow your dictionary?(我可以借你的字典吗?)
回答方式:
· 肯定:Yes, you can. / Sure. / Go ahead. / Of course.
· 否定:No, you can't. / Sorry, you can't. / I'm afraid you can't.
⚠️ 回答同样只能用 can / can't,不能说 Yes, you could. / No, you couldn't.
三、Can 与 Could 在请求/许可中的区别
对比点
can
could
语气
直接、随便
委婉、客气、有礼貌
场合
朋友、家人、同学
老师、长辈、陌生人、正式场合
时间含义
不表示过去,只指现在/将来
不表示过去,只表礼貌(这是最容易错的!)
回答
用 can / can't
回答时仍用 can / can't,绝不用 could
四、否定形式(三种情况)
1. 否定疑问句(表示催促、建议或惊讶)
· Can't you + 动词原形?(难道你不能……吗?)
· Couldn't you + 动词原形?(您难道不能……吗?——更委婉)
· 例:Can't you come earlier?(你就不能早点来吗?)
· 回答仍用 can / can't。
2. 请求对方“不要做某事”
· Can you please not + 动词原形?
· Could you please not + 动词原形?(更礼貌)
· 例:Could you please not eat in class?(请你不要在课堂上吃东西好吗?)
3. 否定回答(拒绝)
· 一律用 can't,不可以用 couldn't。
· 例:Could I watch TV? → No, you can't.
五、核心易错点(必须记牢)
1. 请求句中的 could 不是过去式,只表示礼貌。
2. 回答 Could I / Could you 时,只能用 can / can't。
3. 否定请求要把 not 放在动词原形前面(Could you please not + v.)。
4. 否定疑问句 Can't you...? 不是否定,而是反问或催促。
六、记忆口诀
请求对方用 Can you,Could you 更客气;
请求许可用 Can I,Could I 更知礼;
回答千万用 can,不用 could 要牢记;
否定 not 放后面,please 千万别忘记。
七、中考分层练习题(30题)
📘 基础篇(第1-10题)
1. —______ you please pass me the ruler? —Sure, here you are.
A. Can B. Could C. May D. Must
2. —Could I use your phone? —Yes, you ______.
A. could B. can C. may D. must
3. —Can you help me with my bag? —Sorry, I ______. I have to go now.
A. can't B. couldn't C. may not D. needn't
4. ______ you please not make so much noise? The baby is sleeping.
A. Can B. Could C. May D. Should
5. —Could I borrow your pen? —Of course, you ______.
A. could B. can C. may D. might
6. —______ I have a glass of water? —Sure, help yourself.
A. Can B. Could C. May D. 以上均可(选B最佳)
7. —Can you tell me the time? —______, it's 3 o'clock.
A. Yes, I can B. No, I can't C. Yes, I could D. Sorry
8. —Could you please close the door? —______, I'll do it now.
A. Yes, I could B. No, I couldn't C. Sure, I can D. Sorry, I can't
9. —Can I park my car here? —No, you ______. Look at the “No parking” sign.
A. can't B. couldn't C. may not D. needn't
10. ______ you please not eat in the classroom?
A. Can B. Could C. May D. Must
📗 提升篇(第11-20题)
11. —Could I go to the movies tonight? —No, you ______. You have homework.
A. couldn't B. can't C. may not D. might not
12. —Can't you come a little earlier? —______, but I have to take my sister to school.
A. Yes, I can B. No, I can't C. Yes, I could D. No, I couldn't
13. —Could you please not speak so fast? —Sorry, I ______ speak more slowly.
A. can B. could C. can't D. couldn't
14. —______ I ask you a question? —Yes, please.
A. Can B. Could C. May D. 以上均可(选B最佳)
15. —Could you help me with my English? —______, but I'm not good at it.
A. I can B. I could C. Yes, I can D. No, I can't
16. —Can you pass me that book? —______, here you are.
A. Yes, I can B. No, I can't C. Yes, I could D. No, I couldn't
17. —Could I take this seat? —Sorry, you ______. It's taken.
A. can't B. couldn't C. may not D. needn't
18. —______ you please not leave the door open? —Oh, sorry.
A. Can B. Could C. May D. Must
19. —Can I use your dictionary? —Of course, you ______.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
20. —Could you please water the flowers? —______, I'll do it after lunch.
A. Yes, I can B. No, I can't C. Yes, I could D. No, I couldn't
📙 中考真题篇(第21-30题)
21.—Could I borrow your pen? —Yes, you ______.
A. could B. can C. may D. must
22.—Can you pass me the book? —Sure, I ______.
A. can B. could C. may D. must
23.—Could you please not talk loudly? —Sorry, I ______ do it again.
A. can B. could C. can't D. couldn't
24.—Can I park here? —No, you ______. It's a no-parking zone.
A. can't B. couldn't C. may not D. needn't
25.—Could I use your phone? —Of course, you ______.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
26.—Can you help me with this heavy box? —______, no problem.
A. Yes, I can B. No, I can't C. Yes, I could D. No, I couldn't
27.—Could I have some more water? —Sure, you ______.
A. can B. could C. may D. must
28.—Can you tell me the way to the station? —Yes, I ______. Go straight.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
29.—Could you please open the window? —______, I'll do it right away.
A. Yes, I can B. No, I can't C. Yes, I could D. No, I couldn't
30.—Can I take this seat? —Sorry, you ______. It's already taken.
A. can't B. couldn't C. may not D. needn't
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
情态动词can / could
(语法讲解+分层精练)
目 录
一、表示请求(Request)——请对方做某事 1
二、表示许可(Permission)——请求对方允许自己做某事 2
三、Can 与 Could 在请求/许可中的区别 2
四、否定形式(三种情况) 2
1. 否定疑问句(表示催促、建议或惊讶) 2
2. 请求对方“不要做某事” 2
3. 否定回答(拒绝) 3
五、核心易错点(必须记牢) 3
六、记忆口诀 3
七、中考分层练习题(30题) 3
基础篇(第1-10题) 3
提升篇(第11-20题) 4
中考真题篇(第21-30题) 6
一、表示请求(Request)——请对方做某事
句型
语气
使用场合
Can you (please) + 动词原形?
直接、口语化
熟人、朋友、家人
Could you (please) + 动词原形?
委婉、礼貌
陌生人、长辈、正式场合
Could you please not + 动词原形?
委婉请求对方不要做某事
任何场合
例句:
· Can you help me carry this box?(你能帮我搬这个箱子吗?)
· Could you please open the window?(请您打开窗户好吗?)
· Could you please not talk loudly?(请您不要大声说话好吗?)
回答方式:
· 肯定:Sure. / Of course. / No problem. / Yes, I can.
· 否定:Sorry, I can't. / I'm afraid I can't.
⚠️ 回答只能用 can 或 can't,绝对不能用 could 或 couldn't。
二、表示许可(Permission)——请求对方允许自己做某事
句型
语气
使用场合
Can I + 动词原形?
直接、非正式
熟人之间
Could I + 动词原形?
委婉、礼貌
正式场合或对长辈
例句:
· Can I use your pen?(我能用你的笔吗?)
· Could I borrow your dictionary?(我可以借你的字典吗?)
回答方式:
· 肯定:Yes, you can. / Sure. / Go ahead. / Of course.
· 否定:No, you can't. / Sorry, you can't. / I'm afraid you can't.
⚠️ 回答同样只能用 can / can't,不能说 Yes, you could. / No, you couldn't.
三、Can 与 Could 在请求/许可中的区别
对比点
can
could
语气
直接、随便
委婉、客气、有礼貌
场合
朋友、家人、同学
老师、长辈、陌生人、正式场合
时间含义
不表示过去,只指现在/将来
不表示过去,只表礼貌(这是最容易错的!)
回答
用 can / can't
回答时仍用 can / can't,绝不用 could
四、否定形式(三种情况)
1. 否定疑问句(表示催促、建议或惊讶)
· Can't you + 动词原形?(难道你不能……吗?)
· Couldn't you + 动词原形?(您难道不能……吗?——更委婉)
· 例:Can't you come earlier?(你就不能早点来吗?)
· 回答仍用 can / can't。
2. 请求对方“不要做某事”
· Can you please not + 动词原形?
· Could you please not + 动词原形?(更礼貌)
· 例:Could you please not eat in class?(请你不要在课堂上吃东西好吗?)
3. 否定回答(拒绝)
· 一律用 can't,不可以用 couldn't。
· 例:Could I watch TV? → No, you can't.
五、核心易错点(必须记牢)
1. 请求句中的 could 不是过去式,只表示礼貌。
2. 回答 Could I / Could you 时,只能用 can / can't。
3. 否定请求要把 not 放在动词原形前面(Could you please not + v.)。
4. 否定疑问句 Can't you...? 不是否定,而是反问或催促。
六、记忆口诀
请求对方用 Can you,Could you 更客气;
请求许可用 Can I,Could I 更知礼;
回答千万用 can,不用 could 要牢记;
否定 not 放后面,please 千万别忘记。
七、中考分层练习题(30题)
📘 基础篇(第1-10题)
1. —______ you please pass me the ruler? —Sure, here you are.
A. Can B. Could C. May D. Must
答案:B
解析:请求对方递东西,用 Could you please 最礼貌委婉。
2. —Could I use your phone? —Yes, you ______.
A. could B. can C. may D. must
答案:B
解析:回答 Could I... 肯定用 can,不用 could。
3. —Can you help me with my bag? —Sorry, I ______. I have to go now.
A. can't B. couldn't C. may not D. needn't
答案:A
解析:拒绝对方请求用 can't,couldn't 表过去不能,不合语境。
4. ______ you please not make so much noise? The baby is sleeping.
A. Can B. Could C. May D. Should
答案:B
解析:委婉请求对方不要吵闹,用 Could you please not。
5. —Could I borrow your pen? —Of course, you ______.
A. could B. can C. may D. might
答案:B
解析:回答许可问句,肯定用 can。
6. —______ I have a glass of water? —Sure, help yourself.
A. Can B. Could C. May D. 以上均可(选B最佳)
答案:B
解析:请求许可,Could 最委婉。若单选,选 B。
7. —Can you tell me the time? —______, it's 3 o'clock.
A. Yes, I can B. No, I can't C. Yes, I could D. Sorry
答案:A
解析:回答 Can you 用 Yes, I can。
8. —Could you please close the door? —______, I'll do it now.
A. Yes, I could B. No, I couldn't C. Sure, I can D. Sorry, I can't
答案:C
解析:肯定回答 Could you 用 Sure, I can。
9. —Can I park my car here? —No, you ______. Look at the “No parking” sign.
A. can't B. couldn't C. may not D. needn't
答案:A
解析:否定许可用 can't。
10. ______ you please not eat in the classroom?
A. Can B. Could C. May D. Must
答案:B
解析:委婉请求对方不要做,用 Could you please not。
📗 提升篇(第11-20题)
11. —Could I go to the movies tonight? —No, you ______. You have homework.
A. couldn't B. can't C. may not D. might not
答案:B
解析:否定回答 Could I 用 can't。
12. —Can't you come a little earlier? —______, but I have to take my sister to school.
A. Yes, I can B. No, I can't C. Yes, I could D. No, I couldn't
答案:A
解析:Can't you...? 是反问,回答用 can,意为“我能,但是……”。
13. —Could you please not speak so fast? —Sorry, I ______ speak more slowly.
A. can B. could C. can't D. couldn't
答案:A
解析:表示“我能说慢些”,用 can,表能力(此处用于回应请求,仍属请求场景)。
14. —______ I ask you a question? —Yes, please.
A. Can B. Could C. May D. 以上均可(选B最佳)
答案:B
解析:请求许可,Could 最礼貌。
15. —Could you help me with my English? —______, but I'm not good at it.
A. I can B. I could C. Yes, I can D. No, I can't
答案:C(或A)
解析:回答请求,肯定用 Yes, I can。A 虽然也对,但更完整是 Yes, I can。此处选 C。
16. —Can you pass me that book? —______, here you are.
A. Yes, I can B. No, I can't C. Yes, I could D. No, I couldn't
答案:A
解析:肯定回答用 Yes, I can。
17. —Could I take this seat? —Sorry, you ______. It's taken.
A. can't B. couldn't C. may not D. needn't
答案:A
解析:否定许可用 can't。
18. —______ you please not leave the door open? —Oh, sorry.
A. Can B. Could C. May D. Must
答案:B
解析:委婉请求对方不要做,用 Could you please not。
19. —Can I use your dictionary? —Of course, you ______.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
答案:A
解析:肯定回答许可,用 can。
20. —Could you please water the flowers? —______, I'll do it after lunch.
A. Yes, I can B. No, I can't C. Yes, I could D. No, I couldn't
答案:A
解析:肯定回答请求,用 Yes, I can。
📙 中考真题篇(第21-30题)
21.—Could I borrow your pen? —Yes, you ______.
A. could B. can C. may D. must
答案:B
解析:回答 Could I... 的许可问句,肯定回答用 can,这是中考最高频考点。
22.—Can you pass me the book? —Sure, I ______.
A. can B. could C. may D. must
答案:A
解析:肯定回答 Can you 请求,用 I can。could 用于回答时是错误用法。
23.—Could you please not talk loudly? —Sorry, I ______ do it again.
A. can B. could C. can't D. couldn't
答案:C
解析:答句意为“对不起,我不能再那样做了”,用 can't 表示“不能”。注意否定请求的回答常用 can't 或 won't,此处选项限定 can/could,选 can't。
24.—Can I park here? —No, you ______. It's a no-parking zone.
A. can't B. couldn't C. may not D. needn't
答案:A
解析:否定许可用 can't,不可以用 couldn't。
25.—Could I use your phone? —Of course, you ______.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
答案:A
解析:回答 Could I 用 can,这是固定规则。
26.—Can you help me with this heavy box? —______, no problem.
A. Yes, I can B. No, I can't C. Yes, I could D. No, I couldn't
答案:A
解析:肯定回答请求,用 Yes, I can。
27.—Could I have some more water? —Sure, you ______.
A. can B. could C. may D. must
答案:A
解析:许可的肯定回答用 can。
28.—Can you tell me the way to the station? —Yes, I ______. Go straight.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
答案:A
解析:回答 Can you 的请求,用 I can。
29.—Could you please open the window? —______, I'll do it right away.
A. Yes, I can B. No, I can't C. Yes, I could D. No, I couldn't
答案:A
解析:肯定回答 Could you,用 Yes, I can。
30.—Can I take this seat? —Sorry, you ______. It's already taken.
A. can't B. couldn't C. may not D. needn't
答案:A
解析:否定许可用 can't,表示“不能”。
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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