Unit 5 语法讲练一【后缀-ty /-ity】2026-2027学年仁爱科普版英语九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦中考高频名词后缀-ty/-ity，以“规则-语义-应用”逻辑构建方法体系，融合科技话题实现语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法讲解|构词规则/语义分类|后缀区分口诀（短词-ty/长词-ity）、词性转换四步法|从构词本质→变形规则→语义功能，形成“定义-规则-应用”链条| |语法练习|108题（含3篇科技短文）|固定搭配记忆法、语境化填词技巧|通过基础默写→句型转换→综合填空，实现从知识到能力迁移|

Unit 5 A Path Toward a Better World Grammar in Use：【后缀 -ty / -ity】语法讲解（一） 一、核心定义 本课时重点学习两大名词后缀 -ty 与 -ity，是中考高频构词考点： 1. 构词本质：形容词 → 名词，后缀 -ty / -ity 加在形容词词尾，转化为抽象名词，词义对应“……性质、状态、程度、特质”。 2. 区分： ◦ -ty：多用于短形容词后，表属性、状态； ◦ -ity：多用于多音节形容词后，表抽象特质、能力、客观状态。 3. 句子功能：变形后的名词可作主语、宾语、表语，常搭配动词have/make/show。 二、-ty / -ity 完整用法精讲 （一）后缀 -ty 变形规则（短形容词为主） 1. 普通形容词直接加 -ty • safe (adj.安全的) → safety (n.安全) • honest (adj.诚实的) → honesty (n.诚实) 【例句】：Safety is the most important thing for lab experiments. 实验室做实验，安全是第一位的。 2. 以e结尾形容词，去e加 -ty • due (adj.应得的) → duty (n.责任) 3. 特殊变形：true → truth（真相，特殊拼写单独记忆） （二）后缀 -ity 变形规则（多音节长形容词） 1. 形容词以 -e 结尾：去e + -ity • creative (adj.有创造力的) → creativity (n.创造力) • real (adj.真实的) → reality (n.现实) • possible (adj.可能的) → possibility (n.可能性) 【例句】：Creativity helps scientists invent new robots. 创造力帮助科学家发明新型机器人。 2. 形容词以 -al 结尾：变al为ality • personal (adj.个人的) → personality (n.性格、个性) 3. 形容词以 -ous 结尾：去ous + -osity • curious (adj.好奇的) → curiosity (n.好奇心) 4. 形容词以 -able 结尾：去e + -ility • able (adj.有能力的) → ability (n.能力) （三）-ty / -ity 单词分类汇总（科技发明单元话题） 后缀 -ty 词汇 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. safety 安全 2. honesty 诚实 3. difficulty 困难 4. truth 真相 后缀 -ity 词汇（单元核心必考） 1. creativity 创造力 2. reality 现实 3. possibility 可能性 4. nationality 国籍 5. personality 个性 6. curiosity 好奇心 7. ability 能力 8. virtuality 虚拟 （四）核心语义解析 1. 表人物品质：honesty诚实、curiosity好奇心、creativity创造力、personality个性 2. 表客观状态：safety安全、difficulty困难、reality现实 3. 表客观潜力：possibility可能性、ability能力、nationality国籍 三、中考必考句型模板（科技发明话题） 1. 名词作主语：抽象名词 + be + 形容词 Creativity is necessary for inventors. 创造力对发明家来说必不可少。 2. 固定搭配 have the + 名词 (ability/curiosity) Scientists have the ability to create new technology. 科学家拥有创造新技术的能力。 3. 固定搭配 meet difficulties 遇到困难 We will meet many difficulties in inventing robots. 研发机器人我们会遇到很多困难。 4. there be + a possibility that… 存在……的可能性 There is a possibility that AI will change our life. 人工智能有可能改变我们的生活。 5. make sure of one’s safety 保障某人的安全 New machines are made to make sure of workers’ safety. 新机器用来保障工人安全。 四、写作高频固定搭配（科技发明专用） 1. virtual reality 虚拟现实 2. high creativity 超强创造力 3. solve difficulties 解决难题 4. the possibility of robot development 机器人发展的可能性 5. lab safety 实验室安全 6. describe one’s personality 描述某人的性格 7. strong curiosity 强烈的好奇心 8. have the ability to invent 拥有发明创造的能力 9. turn dreams into reality 将梦想变为现实 10. honesty of scientists 科学家的诚实品质 五、易混易错点总结 1. 拼写易错点： difficult → difficulty（去e+ty）；create → creativity（去e+ity）；able → ability（去e+ility） 2. 词性区分：形容词描述特征，ty/ity名词描述状态 例：He is honest.(adj.) → His honesty wins trust.(n.) 3. 单复数：difficulty表“多种困难”时可加s，其余抽象名词大多不可数 many difficulties 许多难题；much safety 充分的安全保障 4. 后缀区分口诀：短词用-ty，长词多音节用-ity 六、写作万能句型（单元作文直接套用） 1. Curiosity and creativity push scientists to invent new high-tech products. 好奇心与创造力推动科学家研发高科技新产品。 2. We should pay attention to safety when we operate industrial robots. 操作工业机器人时我们必须注意安全。 3. There is a great possibility that virtual reality will be widely used in daily life. 虚拟现实极有可能在日常生活中广泛普及。 4. Only people with strong ability can turn their great invention dreams into reality. 只有能力出众的人，才能将伟大的发明梦想变为现实。 Grammar in Use：【后缀 -ty / -ity】语法练习（一） 一、基础单词&短语默写（28题） 形容词变形：adj. → -ty / -ity 名词 1. safe _______________ 2. honest _______________ 3. difficult _______________ 4. true _______________ 5. creative _______________ 6. real _______________ 7. possible _______________ 8. national _______________ 9. personal _______________ 10. curious _______________ 11. able _______________ 科技话题短语默写 12. 虚拟现实 _______________ 13. 超强创造力 _______________ 14. 解决研发难题 _______________ 15. 机器人发展的可能性 _______________ 16. 实验室安全 _______________ 17. 强烈的好奇心 _______________ 18. 拥有发明创造的能力 _______________ 19. 将梦想变为现实 _______________ 拓展默写 20. 诚实（名词）_______________ 21. 国籍（名词）_______________ 22. 个性；性格（名词）_______________ 23. 可能性（名词）_______________ 24. 克服研发中的困难 _______________ 25. 保障工人安全 _______________ 26. 科学家的优秀品质 _______________ 27. 高科技发明（短语）_______________ 28. 工业机器人（短语）_______________ 二、用所给单词正确形式填空（20题） 1. We must pay attention to our _______________ (safe) when we use new machines. 2. Inventors will meet lots of _______________ (difficult) during their research. 3. _______________ (honest) is a basic quality for every scientist. 4. There is a _______________ (possible) that robots will help us finish all housework. 5. Great _______________ (create) makes people invent virtual reality technology. 6. Different scientists have different _______________ (nation) and personalities. 7. A good inventor should have strong _______________ (curious) about new things. 8. Everyone has the _______________ (able) to create small inventions in daily life. 9. We should face the _______________ (real) that high-tech also brings new problems. 10. His _______________ (person) makes him good at inventing new tools. 11. The workers’ _______________ (safe) is the first rule of the factory. 12. Many _______________ (difficult) will appear when we develop AI products. 13. Her _______________ (honest) won the trust of all science researchers. 14. Scientists are discussing the _______________ (possible) of space robots. 15. The _______________ (create) of young students surprises all teachers. 16. We have different _______________ (national), but we love technology together. 17. Little kids’ _______________ (curious) pushes them to explore new machines. 18. Everyone can have the _______________ (able) to turn ideas into inventions. 19. We have to accept the _______________ (real) that some old machines will be replaced. 20. The _______________ (difficult) of this invention is beyond our imagination. 三、句型改写（形容词转换为-ty/-ity名词，12道） 例句：He is curious about technology. → His curiosity about technology is strong. 1. The lab environment is safe for workers. → The lab guarantees workers’ _______________. 2. It is difficult to invent new robots. → We face lots of _______________ inventing new robots. 3. The young scientist is honest. → His _______________ wins everyone’s respect. 4. The girl is creative in designing VR machines. → Her _______________ helps her design great VR products. 5. It is possible for AI to work with humans. → There is a _______________ that AI can work with humans. 6. He is able to create new high-tech tools. → He has the _______________ to create new high-tech tools. 7. These scientists are curious about space technology. → Their _______________ drives them to do space research. 8. The dream of robots is real in modern times. → The dream of robots has become _______________. 9. Every country has its own national culture. → People from different _______________ study technology together. 10. Everyone has different personal thoughts on invention. → Different _______________ lead to different invention ideas. 11. The factory’s working place is safe for operators. → The factory ensures the _______________ of all operators. 12. It is difficult to develop virtual reality products. → We meet many _______________ when developing VR products. 四、单项选择（18道，辨析形容词/名词、后缀变形、词义） 1. We must put workers’ ______ first in the robot factory. A. safe B. safety C. safely D. safer 2. Inventors often meet many ______ in their research. A. difficult B. difficulty C. difficulties D. difficultly 3. ______ is a necessary quality for every science worker. A. Honest B. Honesty C. Honestly D. Honester 4. There is a ______ that VR will be used in all schools soon. A. possible B. possibility C. possibly D. more possible 5. Great ______ helps scientists make new high-tech inventions. A. creative B. creativity C. create D. creatively 6. People from different ______ take part in the robot competition. A. national B. nationality C. nationalities D. nation 7. A good inventor always has strong ______ for new machines. A. curious B. curiosity C. curiously D. curiouser 8. Every student has the ______ to make small inventions at home. A. able B. ability C. ably D. more able 9. We have to face the ______ that AI will change our daily life. A. real B. reality C. really D. realist 10. Different ______ bring different ideas for robot design. A. personal B. personality C. personalities D. person 11. The ______ of this new invention takes us one year to solve. A. difficult B. difficulty C. difficultly D. more difficult 12. The factory makes strict rules to keep all workers’ ______. A. safe B. safety C. safely D. safer 13. His ______ makes all the science teachers trust him. A. honest B. honesty C. honestly D. honestest 14. Young students’ ______ in technology amazes all inventors. A. creative B. creativity C. create D. creates 15. Is there any ______ that robots can work in deep sea? A. possible B. possibility C. possibly D. impossible 16. Kids’ natural ______ pushes them to explore VR equipment. A. curious B. curiosity C. curiously D. curious 17. Everyone has the ______ to turn invention dreams into truth. A. able B. ability C. ably D. disabled 18. We accept the ______ that high-tech brings both good and bad sides. A. real B. reality C. really D. realistic 五、中英互译（20题，科技发明写作专项） 汉译英 1. 操作机器时保障自身安全 ________________________ 2. 研发机器人过程中遇到许多难题 ________________________ 3. 科学家最重要的品质是诚实 ________________________ 4. 虚拟现实技术普及的可能性 ________________________ 5. 超强的创造力助力高科技发明 ________________________ 6. 不同国籍的研究者共同研发AI ________________________ 7. 对新鲜事物保持强烈的好奇心 ________________________ 8. 每个人都拥有创造小发明的能力 ________________________ 9. 将我们的发明梦想变为现实 ________________________ 10. 不同性格带来不一样的设计思路 ________________________ 英译汉 1. pay attention to lab safety ________________________ 2. solve difficulties in technical research ________________________ 3. the honesty of scientific researchers ________________________ 4. the possibility of space robot development ________________________ 5. high creativity for VR invention ________________________ 6. people from different nationalities ________________________ 7. strong curiosity about new technology ________________________ 8. have the ability to design new machines ________________________ 9. turn invention dreams into reality ________________________ 10. different personalities of inventors ________________________ 六、短文综合填空（3篇原创科技主题短文，括号词变形，使用-ty/-ity名词） Passage 1（科学家品质） Great scientists share special qualities. First, they have strong 1.________ (curious) about new technology. Second, they have amazing 2.________ (create) to invent new machines. People from different 3.________ (national) can work together because of their love for science. Different 4.________ (person) bring different invention ideas. Every scientist has the 5.________ (able) to face technical 6.________ (difficult). They all value 7.________ (honest) during research. There is a 8.________ (possible) that their small ideas will become great inventions. They never fear the 9.________ (real) of failure, and they always put lab 10.________ (safe) in the first place. Passage 2（虚拟现实VR科技） Virtual reality is popular modern technology. It needs great 1.________ (create) to improve its equipment. When we use VR machines, we must care about our 2.________ (safe). Developers meet lots of 3.________ (difficult) to make VR cheap for students. There is a 4.________ (possible) that VR will be used in all classrooms. Kids’ strong 5.________ (curious) makes them love virtual world games. Every designer has the 6.________ (able) to make better VR products. People of different 7.________ (national) study VR tech together. Different 8.________ (person) create different virtual environments. We have to accept the 9.________ (real) that VR still has weak points. 10.________ (honest) helps developers fix VR’s problems quickly. Passage 3（工业机器人研发） Many factories use industrial robots now. Developing robot technology has many 1.________ (difficult). Engineers with great 2.________ (create) design smarter robots. Factories make strict rules to protect workers’ 3.________ (safe). There is a 4.________ (possible) that robots will finish most heavy work soon. Young engineers’ strong 5.________ (curious) pushes robot progress. Every engineer has the 6.________ (able) to improve robot functions. Workers from different 7.________ (national) work on robot projects. Different 8.________ (person) offer different robot design plans. We have to face the 9.________ (real) that robots can’t fully replace humans. 10.________ (honest) communication helps teams solve robot problems fast. 参考答案 一、基础单词&短语默写 1. safety 2. honesty 3. difficulty 4. truth 5. creativity 6. reality 7. possibility 8. nationality 9. personality 10. curiosity 11. ability 12. virtual reality 13. high creativity 14. solve research difficulties 15. the possibility of robot development 16. lab safety 17. strong curiosity 18. have the ability to invent 19. turn dreams into reality 20. honesty 21. nationality 22. personality 23. possibility 24. overcome difficulties in research 25. make sure of workers’ safety 26. excellent qualities of scientists 27. high-tech inventions 28. industrial robots 二、用所给单词正确形式填空 1. safety 2. difficulties 3. Honesty 4. possibility 5. creativity 6. nationalities 7. curiosity 8. ability 9. reality 10. personality 11. safety 12. difficulties 13. honesty 14. possibility 15. creativity 16. nationalities 17. curiosity 18. ability 19. reality 20. difficulty 三、句型改写 1. safety 2. difficulties 3. honesty 4. creativity 5. possibility 6. ability 7. curiosity 8. reality 9. nationalities 10. personalities 11. safety 12. difficulties 四、单项选择 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.B 18.B 五、中英互译 汉译英 1. ensure your own safety when operating machines 2. meet many difficulties while developing robots 3. Honesty is the most important quality for scientists. 4. the possibility of the popularization of virtual reality technology 5. High creativity helps with high-tech inventions. 6. Researchers from different nationalities develop AI together. 7. keep strong curiosity about new things 8. Everyone has the ability to create small inventions. 9. turn our invention dreams into reality 10. Different personalities bring different design ideas 英译汉 1. 注意实验室安全 2. 解决技术研发中的难题 3. 科研人员的诚实品质 4. 太空机器人研发的可能性 5. 虚拟现实发明所需的高创造力 6. 不同国籍的人们 7. 对新技术强烈的好奇心 8. 拥有设计新机器的能力 9. 将发明梦想变为现实 10. 发明家各不相同的性格 六、短文综合填空 Passage 1 1. curiosity 2. creativity 3. nationalities 4. personalities 5. ability 6. difficulties 7. honesty 8. possibility 9. reality 10. safety Passage 2 1. creativity 2. safety 3. difficulties 4. possibility 5. curiosity 6. ability 7. nationalities 8. personalities 9. reality 10. Honesty Passage 3 1. difficulties 2. creativity 3. safety 4. possibility 5. curiosity 6. ability 7. nationalities 8. personalities 9. reality 10. Honesty $