专题04 阅读理解之说明文（3年汇编）（河北专用）2024-2026年中考英语真题分类汇编

**基本信息** 聚焦初中英语说明文阅读理解，汇编2024-2026年河北中考真题及模拟题共15篇，主题涵盖生活科普、人工智能、文化传承等，精准匹配中考命题趋势。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|约50题|细节理解（如Freeze Dance游戏规则）、推理判断（文体出处）、词义猜测（如“downcast”）、主旨大意（机器人发展主题）|情境贴近真实生活（图表式实用说明文），能力层级从信息提取到逻辑推理（新增例证作用分析），紧密关联2026年真题多篇章考查趋势|

专题04 阅读理解之说明文 3年真题1年模拟 一、真题核心设问类型统计 设问类型 核心考查能力 2024年（单篇，共3题） 2026年（三篇，共11题） 细节理解题 原文定位、信息比对 2 6 推理判断题 逻辑推断、文体出处判断 0 3 词义猜测题 语境猜词、语义推断 0 1 主旨大意题 段落 / 全文主旨概括 1 1 二、命题规律与 2026 年真题核心变化 近年河北中考说明文考查权重持续提升，题材逐步从单一主题向多元语境延伸：2024 年聚焦河北本土生态修复主题，2026 年拓展为生活实用科普、人工智能发展、动物情感研究三大方向，完整覆盖 “人与自我、人与社会、人与自然” 三大主题语境，精准落实新课标主题引领的命题原则。 2026 年真题的标志性变化：一是考查规模扩容，由单篇 3 题增至 3 篇 11 题，说明文成为阅读理解的核心板块；二是语篇形式创新，首次出现图表式实用说明文，信息呈现更贴合真实生活场景；三是能力层级升级，新增词义猜测、例证作用分析等深层考点，考查重心从单纯信息提取转向逻辑推理与语篇解构，显著强化对思维品质的考查。 Passage 01 （2026·河北·中考真题） Last month, we introduced ball games suitable for kids. This month, another two screen-free games are strongly recommended. Freeze Dance Freeze Dance is one of the easiest games for kids—and maybe the most fun to play. Only a little bit of space and some music are needed. When the music starts, everyone dances. When the music stops, kids should stand still. The kids who are dancing are out. No one can move again until the music starts. Spider Web (蜘蛛网) Spider Web is a great outdoor game. Ropes are necessary for kids to play the game. With the ropes, kids create a spider web pattern (式样) on the ground. Kids try to jump between the ropes, but they can't touch the "spider web." Anyone who jumps into every open space without touching the web wins. ▲ No running. No pushing other kids. Safety comes first. 1．What should kids do when the music stops in Freeze Dance? A．Jump up. B．Have a dance. C．Stand still. D．Create a web. 2．What is necessary for kids to play Spider Web? A．Ropes. B．Balls. C．Music players. D．Touch screens. 3．Where is this text most probably from? A．A diary. B．A magazine. C．A history book. D．A personal letter. Passage 02 （2026·河北·中考真题）A Chinese robot became the unexpected star in an international kite festival. At the beginning of the festival, the robot held the string (线) of a kite flying in the sky and made up-and-down movements. The show lasted for 20 minutes and drew crowds of visitors to take photos. The robot in the international festival is a good example of human-like robots. In recent years, human-like running robots have greatly improved and surprised the world. This year, a robot from a Chinese company broke the men’s record for the half-marathon (半程马拉松). In another event, a robot, also from a Chinese company, came close to the men’s 100-meter world record. Robots are not just for flying a kite or running in competitions. They are also helping on farms. Picking tomatoes is tiring work for humans. Now farming robots can help with it. The robots first get information about the tomatoes on their own. The information is about whether the tomatoes are ripe (成熟的) or not and whether there is any tomato hidden behind leaves. With the information, the robots can work out the most effective way to pick the fruit. When picking tomatoes, the robots must choose ripe tomatoes and leave unripe ones untouched. There are many reasons for the rapid improvement of robots in recent years. The cost of building robots has fallen a lot. New computer chips allow machines to perform better. With the development of technology, robots are playing an increasingly important role in everyday life. 1．What did the robot do in the international kite festival? A．It made kites. B．It flew a kite. C．It hosted a kite show. D．It took photos of kites. 2．What did the two human-like running robots have in common? A．Coming from Chinese companies. B．Breaking the men’s running records. C．Taking part in an international festival. D．Winning first place in the half-marathon. 3．What is the first step for the robots to pick tomatoes? A．Finding hidden leaves. B．Learning farming methods. C．Collecting information. D．Taking away fallen tomatoes. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The future of robot industry. B．An international kite festival. C．The rapid development of robots. D．A race between robots and humans. Passage 03 （2026·河北·中考真题）Scientists have studied animals’ feelings for hundreds of years. However, the past research mainly focused on animals’ negative feelings, such as expressions of pain and fear. This can help reduce animals’ suffering, but it doesn’t tell what brings them happiness. Now some scientists are working together to better understand animals’ joy. They are trying to measure (测量) joy in animals in a new study. The scientists define (下定义) joy as a strong positive feeling which is caused by an event, such as seeing a friend or a favorite food. They have created a set of ways to measure the feeling in different animals. The scientists want to make sure that the final result is not from just guessing animals’ mind, but from scientific research. Some signs of joy are connected with actions. For example, some scientists have noticed that chimpanzees (黑猩猩) make laugh-like sounds while they are playing. Other scientists have noticed that dolphins (海豚) produce joyful sounds when happy things happen to them. However, actions do not tell the whole story. Horses seem to be happily playing, but they may actually have the opposite feeling: they are downcast. So the scientists are also examining animals’ brain chemistry and studying their body temperature changes to help tell if the animals are truly happy. Learning about joy in animals can improve the care of animals. And the new study about animals’ happiness can also help better understand humans’ happiness. 1．What does the new study about animals focus on? A．Their fear. B．Their happiness. C．Their food. D．Their friendship. 2．Why are chimpanzees and dolphins mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To record the challenge of studying animals. B．To explain the ways of making happy sounds. C．To show the connection between joy and actions. D．To tell the differences between two kinds of animals. 3．What does the underlined word “downcast” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Sad. B．Calm. C．Moved. D．Surprised. 4．What does the writer think of the new study? A．It makes people get close to nature. B．It improves animals’ daily behavior. C．It encourages people to keep animals. D．It benefits both animals and humans. Passage 04 （2024·河北·中考真题）The Hutuo River is the mother river of Shijiazhuang, the capital city of Hebei. About 20 years ago, it was dirty and almost dried up. Thanks to the government’s work, it has become much cleaner. Wu Wenzhong, a 58-year-old villager, lives near the river. “My friends and I often played with water, swam and caught fish in it when I was a child. I liked catching fish best,” he said. He remembers that the villagers had to cross the river by boat at that time. But as time passed by, it got dirty and started to dry up. To remediate (修复) the river, the government do a lot of things. They clean the river up and build levees (防洪堤) . They plant trees, grass and flowers to green the riverside. They set up fences (防护栏) and put up “No Swimming” signs along the river to protect people. They stop factories from putting waste water into the river. They keep an eye on the river to make sure it stays clean for the fish, birds and people who live nearby. They also have a long-term plan to keep the river in good condition. Now, there are more than 20 kinds of birds living around the river. It becomes a home for birds again. People can enjoy a day outdoors with the beauty of nature along the river. Wu and other villagers are happy to see the river looking good again. The Hutuo River’s story shows that when people work together to take care of nature, good things can happen. 1．What was Wu Wenzhong’s favourite activity when he was a child? A．Boating. B．Swimming. C．Planting trees. D．Catching fish. 2．Which question can help readers know the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．How does the river look? B．When do people green the riverside? C．Why is the river important? D．What do the government do for the river? 3．What do we know about today’s Hutuo River? A．Many birds live around it. B．Factories get water from it. C．Over 20 kinds of fish live in it. D．Villagers make boats near it. Passage 05 （2026・邯郸市・二模）There is lots of bottled water in our daily life. People often drink it quickly, but some store it for a long term or buy it in bulk when it’s on sale. Is keeping bottled water for months or years a bad idea? You might see a “sell-by date” or a “best-by date” on the label. What does this mean? Does water really rot? Water itself doesn’t go bad since it is just H2O with no sugar, protein or additives. The packaging is the real issue. Over 97% of bottled water is in plastic. The International Bottled Water Association (IBWA) says these plastic bottles have tiny holes that “might let surrounding air gases affect the taste and the smell of the drink”. The FDA (美国食品及药物管理局) doesn’t make bottled water makers list an expiration date because they think this product has an endless shelf life. Water past its “best-by date” might still be drinkable. This depends a lot on how it is stored. Some studies show that if water is stored in high heat for weeks, antimony (a chemical in many plastic bottles) can get into the water. But the increase in antimony is unlikely to harm people who drink this water. Anyway, leaving a case of water in your car during summer isn’t a good idea. Bottled water can handle some heat, but a good storage from the start makes it last longer and taste better. The IBWA website states that bottled water should be stored at least at room temperature. And if possible at lower temperatures. It should also be kept away from direct sunlight and household chemicals. 1．What does the underlined word “rot” probably mean in Paragraph One? A．Be sold out. B．Go bad after some time. C．Change color badly. D．Become too expensive. 2．What is the main reason bottled water might change in taste or smell? A．People store it incorrectly. B．It contains harmful chemicals. C．The water itself spoils over time. D．Bottles have small holes that let air in. 3．How does the writer support his points about bottled water safety? A．By sharing personal experiences. B．By interviewing water consumers. C．By using official research resources. D．By comparing bottled water brands. 4．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To tell people how to buy bottled water. B．To show problems with bottled water companies. C．To warn people about the danger of bottled water. D．To teach readers how to store bottled water correctly. Passage 06 （2026・邢台市・二模）Shijiazhuang is the capital of Hebei Province. It is the political, cultural, and economic (经济的) center of Hebei. To the west are the Taihang Mountains, and to the east is the great North China Plain. The Hutuo River runs through the city. In the city, there is the famous Nan Santiao Market, where people can buy all kinds of small goods. There is also an old hotel called Zheng Tai Hotel. It has seen many legendary (传奇的) stories of the past. Zhengding Ancient City is a symbol of Shijiazhuang’s history and culture. It has old city walls and beautiful ancient temples (寺庙). People there enjoy delicious food like “Eight Big Bowls” and Jin feng Braised Chicken. Not far from Shijiazhuang is the Zhaozhou Bridge. It is one of the oldest stone bridges in the world. The bridge is very strong, has a beautiful design, and people still admire it today. Shijiazhuang is a city with both modern life and old culture. Visitors can learn a lot of history and taste great food here. It is a wonderful place to explore (探索). 1．Where can people buy all kinds of small goods in Shijiazhuang? A．Zheng Tai Hotel. B．Zhengding Ancient City. C．Nan Santiao Market. D．Zhaozhou Bridge. 2．What does Zheng Tai Hotel show us about Shijiazhuang? A．Its modern buildings. B．Its past stories. C．Its delicious food. D．Its beautiful design. 3．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Shijiazhuang has beautiful mountains and rivers. B．Shijiazhuang is famous for its markets and bridges. C．Shijiazhuang is a city full of modern life. D．Shijiazhuang is a modern and cultural city. Passage 07 （2026・邢台市・二模）China is facing a more and more serious problem in teenage mental (心理) health. It is a double challenge that includes both feeling and behavior (行为) problems. Feeling Problems Many teenagers have feeling troubles. According to the Report on National Mental Health Development in China (2021-2022), 14.8% of teenagers are at risk of depression (抑郁). This means they often feel very unhappy and alone. Sadly, some teens hurt themselves or develop eating disorders like eating too much or too little to deal with their pain. Behavioral and Social Problems The internet also causes problems. Spending too much time online makes it difficult for teens to talk with people in real life. This can lead to loneliness and problems at school. Bullying, both online and with words, makes their mental wounds even deeper. Some teens also feel puzzled (困惑的) about who they are. They don’t know how to balance what they want and what their family hopes for, which can make them feel anxious. The Results The results are serious. In the short term, it hurts their studies and friendships. In some cases, teens might get into fights or even break the law because they can’t control their feelings. In the long term, these problems can turn into long-lasting mental illness, making it more difficult for them to live a normal life as adults. A Global (全球性的) Problem This is not just a problem in China. A UNICEF (联合国儿童基金会) report says that about 1 in 5 teenagers around the world have mental health problems. We must take this problem seriously and help our young people before it is too late. 1．What percentage of teenagers are at risk of depression according to the report? A．12.8%. B．14.8%. C．16.8%. D．18.8%. 2．What can cause teens to feel lonely and have problems at school? A．Eating disorders. B．Family expectations. C．Bullying with words. D．Too much time online. 3．What does the underlined word “anxious” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Worried. B．Excited. C．Bored. D．Surprised. 4．What may teenage mental health problems turn into in the long term? A．Studies and friendships. B．Long-lasting mental illness. C．Problems at school. D．Fights and breaking laws. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Global Mental Health Crisis. B．How to Help Teens with Problems. C．A Double Challenge for Teenagers. D．The Causes of Teenage Depression. Passage 08 （2026・石家庄市・二模）Have you ever yawned (打哈欠) while reading this text? If you have, don’t worry. Yawning is something we all do, even before we are born. But why do we yawn? For a long time, people believed that we yawn because our body needs more oxygen (氧气). When we are tired or bored, we breathe more slowly, so our brains don’t get enough oxygen. Yawning, then, is a deep breath. It brings in a lot of oxygen quickly. This explanation sounds reasonable, but studies have shown that it is probably wrong. When people are given more oxygen to breathe, they don’t yawn less. And when the air has less oxygen, they don’t yawn more. So what is the real reason? A newer explanation is that yawning helps cool down our brains. The brain works like a computer — when it gets too hot, it doesn’t work well. A deep yawn brings cool air into the mouth and nose. It then cools the blood going to the brain. This helps the brain work better. Studies have found that people yawn more when they are tired or stressed, because at those times the brain temperature is higher. Yawning can infect one person after another. When one person yawns, others around him or her often yawn too. Scientists believe this might be a form of empathy (同理心) — the ability to understand and share others’ feelings. In fact, the stronger this ability is, the more likely a person is to yawn. So next time you yawn in class, don’t feel embarrassed. Your brain might just need a little cool-down — or maybe you’re just showing empathy. 1．What did people use to believe about yawning? A．It means a person is bored. B．It helps the body get more oxygen. C．It only happens to adults. D．It is a sign of illness. 2．What does the new explanation say about yawning? A．It helps cool down the brain. B．It helps people breathe better. C．It makes people feel sleepy. D．It improves hearing. 3．When do people yawn more according to the new explanation? A．When they are happy. B．When they are tired or stressed. C．When they are exercising. D．When they are eating. 4．What does the underlined word “infect” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Hurt. B．Refuse. C．Spread. D．Punish. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Yawning Does No Good to People B．Ways to Cool Down the Brain C．Empathy Makes People Healthier D．The Hidden Causes of Yawning Passage 09 （2026・邯郸市・二模）The world of work will likely look very different by the time the present generation of kids finishes their education. Experts have predicted that the improved technology, especially artificial intelligence (AI) will change the way humans work in the future. Professor Tony Ryan said that AI will transform the future workforce across every industry, making some jobs outdated while creating others. While some jobs could be replaced by robots, others will still need a human touch. Ryan said jobs requiring “love and connection”, such as teaching, social work and nursing, would continue to be needed in the future. “We need to be careful that we shouldn’t get so obsessed (着迷) with the technology that we allow it to take our humanity.” He said. The University of South Australia’s Professor David Cropley said that technology would shape the careers of today’s kids as AI products continued to develop. “However, I don’t think this will simply replace humans in the world of work, instead, I see them as human assistants.” For example, in the medical consultation (咨询), AI might provide support like analyzing patients’ data, and scanning medical images, but the key interaction with the patient and final diagnosis (诊断) need to be done by human doctors. “The automation (自动化) and AI, as good as they might be, are still just nice tools.” Professor Cropley said. “Hammers and saws didn’t displace carpenters (木工), they just made the job easier and improved productivity for the human.” “Critical and creative thinkers with skills in science, technology, engineering and mathematics would also be in high demand by the 2050s.” He said. 1．According to Tony Ryan, which of the following jobs is not likely to be replaced by robots? A．Bank clerk. B．Factory worker. C．Computer programmer. D．Primary school teacher. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph3 refer to? A．Nursing. B．Teaching. C．Technology. D．Humanity. 3．What does Professor David Cropley think of AI products? A．Create their own world. B．Replace the humans. C．Be humans’ assistants. D．Be critical and creative thinkers. 4．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To advertise new AI products for the workplace. B．To warn people about the possible dangers of AI. C．To criticize schools for not teaching enough about AI. D．To explain how AI changes work but can’t replace people. 5．Where is this text most likely taken from? A．A travel guide. B．A technology magazine. C．A cookbook. D．A sports report. Passage 10 （2026・唐山开平・二模）It’s easy to forget, but you are the most important person in your world. Taking care of yourself is not selfish. It’s necessary for a happy life. When you feel good, everything in your life can get better, such as school, friends, and family. Many people think they should always put others first. However, you can’t pour from an empty cup. By focusing on your health and feelings, you can feel better and help others more. Remember: putting yourself first helps you be a better friend to others. Taking care of yourself means understanding your needs and setting limits. If something makes you feel drained and you have no energy left, it’s OK to say “no” and take a break. Find time for your hobbies, like drawing, playing outside, or reading. Let others know what you need clearly—like some quiet time, or help with a problem. Pay attention to what you’re thinking and how you’re feeling. This helps you understand yourself better. If you’re sad or upset, that’s OK. Accept your feelings and don’t be hard on yourself. You can write about them in a diary or talk to someone, like a family member or teacher. Research shows that accepting your feelings can actually reduce stress and improve mental (心理) health. When you put yourself first, you learn that you deserve (值得) love and care. This makes you stronger and helps you be a good friend to others. Self-care isn’t selfish—it’s the reason you can show up for the people who matter. 1．What may the writer agree about taking care of yourself? A．It is selfish. B．It is necessary. C．It’s a waste of time. D．It’s not a good idea. 2．What does “However, you can’t pour from an empty cup.” mean in Paragraph 2? A．You should always put others first. B．You must think more of others’ feelings. C．You need to drink as much water as you can. D．You can’t help others if you don’t take care of yourself. 3．What does the underlined word “drained” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Bored. B．Angry. C．Tired. D．Surprised. 4．How can writing in a diary help you according to the text? A．It helps you accept your feelings. B．It improves your writing skills. C．It makes you forget your problems. D．It teaches you to be hard on yourself. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．How to Be a Good Friend B．Why Self-Care Is Important C．Ways to Set Limits in Life D．The Meaning of Happiness Passage 11 （2026・秦皇岛市海港区・一模）Face changing, or “bian lian” in Chinese, is an important part of Sichuan Opera. It started as early as in the Ming Dynasty. And it is one of the great treasures in traditional Chinese culture. The changing faces show different feelings of performers in a special way. It’s believed that face changing comes from fighting against dangerous animals. In ancient times, people painted colorful pictures on their faces to scare the animals away. Later, it was used in the shows of Sichuan Opera. And as time went by, it turned into a great form of art. Face changing is one of the most mysterious arts, and many people are curious about the secret of face changing. Generally, there are three main face changing skills: wiping, blowing and pulling. Among them, pulling is the most difficult. The performer must move quickly and smoothly enough to pull down the masks which were hidden on the top of his head before the performance, to show his feelings like happiness, sadness, hate, or anger. Face changing is an ever-changing art, and it continues to develop with technology. By the early 1900s, performers could only change 3 masks in each performance. By the year of 2000, performers could change up to 8. Nowadays, using silk masks and modern technology, artists can change 18 to 20 different masks. 1．Why do the performers of Sichuan Opera change their faces on the stage? A．To play different roles. B．To show different feelings. C．To fight against animals. D．To play with the animals. 2．Which is the most difficult face changing skill? A．Mopping. B．Blowing. C．Pulling. D．Painting. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The development of face changing. B．The popularity of face changing. C．The introduction to Sichuan Opera. D．The importance of Sichuan Opera. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Sichuan Opera, a Traditional Chinese Art B．The skills of Face Changing C．Face Changing, a Traditional Chinese Art D．The Popularity of Face Changing Passage 12 （2026・邯郸市・二模）Volunteering can not only give back to the neighborhood, but also play an important part in the lives of others. But what qualities does a good volunteer need? Here are some answers. Working well with others is a key quality, and the best volunteers are comfortable working in an ever-changing team. For example, a good volunteer can work with people from different walks of life and take on the role of head or follower in different programs. Patience is one of the necessary qualities of a good volunteer. Most charities or organizations need to do many things at once. However, not everything moves as quickly as expected. So it’s important to be patient at this time. Patience is also important for volunteers who will communicate with children or the old people who are disabled. Volunteers often go out of their comfort zones because they need to learn many new things and face challenges. Sometimes they may be in trouble, so it’s important to stay positive. In a word, it’s not easy to be a good volunteer. People should try their best to learn how to do it well. 1．How many qualities are mentioned in the passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．Who is the passage most probably written for? A．People who are interested in being a good volunteer. B．People who often get into trouble and many difficulties. C．People who want to be the head of an important program. D．People who know the importance of working well with others. 3．Why is patience one of the necessary quality of a good volunteer? A．Because most charities need to do things at once. B．Because volunteers need to communicate with child or disabled old people. C．Because most volunteers are disabled. D．Because volunteers are often in trouble. Passage 13 （2026・石家庄・二模）We’ve heard news that kids died after being left in cars in the sun. According to research, kids’ body temperature rises three to five times faster than adults’. So young kids can develop terrible heatstroke (中暑) in just a few minutes. Hearing such news, three teenage researchers—Areen Alashmawy, Sara Altarawenh and Ayah Alkatib—wondered how to solve this problem. Together, they invented a device (设备) with a heatstroke-warning system (系统). Named “Safe in Car”, their invention tests the temperature and CO2 levels in a car. It can check how many people are inside and warn people about the car’s conditions by sending text messages to their smartphones. The invention also has a camera. When it’s connected to an app on their smartphones, people can see the car’s indoor temperature and CO2 levels from far away. This new invention also provides a way to solve the problem. When the indoor temperature or CO2 level reaches dangerous levels, the invention helps open the car windows, which could help save lives. The three researchers once tried to get help for their work. But when they went to engineers and doctors for advice, these adults thought their idea was full of challenges and even impossible. The young researchers are now proud to show them they made it. The three hope that their invention can someday be used in cars. They also imagine that one day it could send a warning call to the police and use GPS to show where the car is. It can really save people’s lives, especially kids’. 1．What made the three teenage researchers invent the device? A．The sad news about kids’ deaths. B．Their own unpleasant experiences. C．Their wish to win a prize. D．The unusual hot weather. 2．Which paragraphs tell us how “Safe in Car” works? A．Paragraphs 1 and 2. B．Paragraphs 2 and 3. C．Paragraphs 3 and 4. D．Paragraphs 4 and 5. 3．What did engineers and doctors think of the three researchers’ idea at first? A．Useless. B．Hopeful. C．Special. D．Challenging. 4．Where is the text probably from? A．A science magazine. B．A history book. C．A storybook. D．A sports newspaper. Passage 14 （2026・张家口・二模）Screens can be fun, but try to use them wisely. Spending too much time on screens might make you miss other fun things in life. Why are screens so hard to put down? Screens are made to catch your attention. Companies use bright colors, sounds, and rewards (奖励) to make their apps hard to put down. These things make you feel good, so you want to keep using them. It helps to understand how apps are designed. Then you can decide how much time to spend on screens. Not all screen time is bad. Watching a movie with your family is good. Using a screen for homework is also useful. But short videos can be a problem. They catch your eye, take up a lot of your time, and give you little back. If you don’t have a smartphone yet, consider starting with a simple phone. It is good for talking with friends, and it will not take over your life. If you already have a smartphone, learn to control how you use it. You can set a timer when you use your smartphone, so it reminds you to stop and take a break. When you study, put your smartphone somewhere out of sight (视野). Besides, make plans to do other things, like visiting friends. That way, you have a reason to stop and have something fun to do. 1．What do companies use to make their apps hard to put down? A．Funny videos and games. B．Simple designs and timers. C．Bright colors, sounds, and rewards. D．Family activities and homework. 2．Which is a good way to use screens according to the writer? A．Watching short videos alone. B．Watching a movie with family. C．Playing games for a long time. D．Chatting with friends all day. 3．Why does the writer suggest “make plans to do other things”? A．To make more friends. B．To get a new smartphone. C．To learn how to make a plan. D．To have a reason to stop screen time. 4．Who might the text be written for? A．Teenagers. B．Parents. C．Teachers. D．Designers. Passage 15 （2026・张家口・一模）Most people think fast delivery (快递) is new, but it’s actually very old. As early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties (商周时期), governments already had a way to send orders and news. This way was called yizhan. It was most developed in the Tang dynasty and continued to be used for hundreds of years. The yizhan was built to help pass documents far and fast. Riders would stop at these places to change horses or rest. Sometimes, they passed the messages to the next rider. Because of this, news, food, and even money for the emperors could travel quickly across the land. The yizhan was also built in a very ingenious way. These places were about 30 kilometers from each other. That was just right for a horse to go without stopping. Each place usually had houses for horses, rooms to keep things, kitchens, and beds for riders. Bigger places could hold many people and even had offices. Some had tall towers or flags so people could see them easily. Later, the yizhan took on more new roles. When the Mongols (蒙古人) ruled, it also helped foreign officers and official visitors who came for work. This way helped the government, business, and the sharing of culture. Even the famous traveler Marco Polo said it worked very well. Today, our post offices and ways to communicate still learn from this old idea. Keeping people in touch helped ancient China develop and it still helps us now. 1．When was yizhan most developed? A．In the Shang dynasty. B．In the Zhou dynasty. C．In the Tang dynasty. D．In the Song dynasty. 2．Why did riders stop at yizhan? A．To get food and money. B．To change horses or rest. C．To welcome foreign visitors. D．To give the messages to emperors. 3．What does the underlined word “ingenious” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Difficult. B．Expensive. C．Modern. D．Well-designed. 4．What new role did yizhan get during the Mongol rule? A．It built taller towers and flags. B．It helped spread Chinese food. C．It taught people how to ride horses. D．It served foreign officers and official visitors. 5．Which is the best title for the text? A．China’s Old “Post Office” B．The Rule of Ancient Emperors C．The Life of Marco Polo in China D．Horses and Riders in Ancient China 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题04阅读理解之说明文 3年真题1年模拟 三年真题分类园 Passage 01 1.C2.A 3.B Passage 02 1.B2.A3.C4.C Passage 03 1.B2.C3.A4.D Passage 04 1.D2.D3.A V 一年模拟练测园 Passage 05 1.B2.D3.C4.D Passage 06 1.C2.B3.D 1/3 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 07 1.B2.D3.A4.B5.C Passage 08 1.B2.A3.B4.C5.D Passage 09 1.D2.C3.C4.D5.B Passage 10 1.B2.D3.C4.A5.B Passage 11 1.B2.C3.A4.C Passage 12 1.B2.A3.B Passage 13 1.A2.C3.D4.A Passage 14 1.C2.B3.D4.A Passage 15 213 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 1.C2.B3.D4.D5.A 3/3 专题04 阅读理解之说明文 3年真题1年模拟 一、真题核心设问类型统计 设问类型 核心考查能力 2024年（单篇，共3题） 2026年（三篇，共11题） 细节理解题 原文定位、信息比对 2 6 推理判断题 逻辑推断、文体出处判断 0 3 词义猜测题 语境猜词、语义推断 0 1 主旨大意题 段落 / 全文主旨概括 1 1 二、命题规律与 2026 年真题核心变化 近年河北中考说明文考查权重持续提升，题材逐步从单一主题向多元语境延伸：2024 年聚焦河北本土生态修复主题，2026 年拓展为生活实用科普、人工智能发展、动物情感研究三大方向，完整覆盖 “人与自我、人与社会、人与自然” 三大主题语境，精准落实新课标主题引领的命题原则。 2026 年真题的标志性变化：一是考查规模扩容，由单篇 3 题增至 3 篇 11 题，说明文成为阅读理解的核心板块；二是语篇形式创新，首次出现图表式实用说明文，信息呈现更贴合真实生活场景；三是能力层级升级，新增词义猜测、例证作用分析等深层考点，考查重心从单纯信息提取转向逻辑推理与语篇解构，显著强化对思维品质的考查。 Passage 01 （2026·河北·中考真题） Last month, we introduced ball games suitable for kids. This month, another two screen-free games are strongly recommended. Freeze Dance Freeze Dance is one of the easiest games for kids—and maybe the most fun to play. Only a little bit of space and some music are needed. When the music starts, everyone dances. When the music stops, kids should stand still. The kids who are dancing are out. No one can move again until the music starts. Spider Web (蜘蛛网) Spider Web is a great outdoor game. Ropes are necessary for kids to play the game. With the ropes, kids create a spider web pattern (式样) on the ground. Kids try to jump between the ropes, but they can't touch the "spider web." Anyone who jumps into every open space without touching the web wins. ▲ No running. No pushing other kids. Safety comes first. 1．What should kids do when the music stops in Freeze Dance? A．Jump up. B．Have a dance. C．Stand still. D．Create a web. 2．What is necessary for kids to play Spider Web? A．Ropes. B．Balls. C．Music players. D．Touch screens. 3．Where is this text most probably from? A．A diary. B．A magazine. C．A history book. D．A personal letter. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍两款适合儿童、无需电子屏幕的小游戏：冰冻舞蹈和蜘蛛网游戏，分别讲解了两款游戏的所需道具、玩法以及统一的安全注意事项。 【详解】 1．介绍Freeze Dance板块原文：When the music stops, kids should stand still. 直接说明音乐停止时孩子们要静止站立，对应选项Stand still。 2．介绍Spider Web板块原文：Ropes are necessary for kids to play the game. 表明玩蜘蛛网游戏需要绳子，对应选项Ropes。 3．文章开头出现Last month和This month这类按月更新推荐内容的表述，整体是介绍儿童小游戏的科普推荐短文，最有可能出自杂志；日记、历史书、私人信件均不符合文章文体特征。 Passage 02 （2026·河北·中考真题）A Chinese robot became the unexpected star in an international kite festival. At the beginning of the festival, the robot held the string (线) of a kite flying in the sky and made up-and-down movements. The show lasted for 20 minutes and drew crowds of visitors to take photos. The robot in the international festival is a good example of human-like robots. In recent years, human-like running robots have greatly improved and surprised the world. This year, a robot from a Chinese company broke the men’s record for the half-marathon (半程马拉松). In another event, a robot, also from a Chinese company, came close to the men’s 100-meter world record. Robots are not just for flying a kite or running in competitions. They are also helping on farms. Picking tomatoes is tiring work for humans. Now farming robots can help with it. The robots first get information about the tomatoes on their own. The information is about whether the tomatoes are ripe (成熟的) or not and whether there is any tomato hidden behind leaves. With the information, the robots can work out the most effective way to pick the fruit. When picking tomatoes, the robots must choose ripe tomatoes and leave unripe ones untouched. There are many reasons for the rapid improvement of robots in recent years. The cost of building robots has fallen a lot. New computer chips allow machines to perform better. With the development of technology, robots are playing an increasingly important role in everyday life. 1．What did the robot do in the international kite festival? A．It made kites. B．It flew a kite. C．It hosted a kite show. D．It took photos of kites. 2．What did the two human-like running robots have in common? A．Coming from Chinese companies. B．Breaking the men’s running records. C．Taking part in an international festival. D．Winning first place in the half-marathon. 3．What is the first step for the robots to pick tomatoes? A．Finding hidden leaves. B．Learning farming methods. C．Collecting information. D．Taking away fallen tomatoes. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The future of robot industry. B．An international kite festival. C．The rapid development of robots. D．A race between robots and humans. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要围绕近年来机器人的快速发展展开，开篇用国际风筝节上的机器人表演引出话题，接着举例介绍了不同领域的机器人发展，最后分析了机器人近年快速进步的原因，点明机器人已经在人们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。 【详解】 1．根据第一段第二句“the robot held the string of a kite flying in the sky and made up-and-down movements”可知，机器人在风筝节上放了风筝。 2．根据第二段第三句“a robot from a Chinese company broke the men’s record...”和第四句“a robot, also from a Chinese company, came close to...”可知，这两个类人跑步机器人的共同点是都来自中国公司。 3．根据第三段第五句“The robots first get information about the tomatoes on their own”可知，摘番茄的第一步是收集信息。 4．文章通过风筝节表演、跑步比赛纪录、农场摘番茄三个实例展示了机器人的能力，并在最后一段总结了机器人快速进步的原因，全文主要围绕机器人的快速发展展开。 Passage 03 （2026·河北·中考真题）Scientists have studied animals’ feelings for hundreds of years. However, the past research mainly focused on animals’ negative feelings, such as expressions of pain and fear. This can help reduce animals’ suffering, but it doesn’t tell what brings them happiness. Now some scientists are working together to better understand animals’ joy. They are trying to measure (测量) joy in animals in a new study. The scientists define (下定义) joy as a strong positive feeling which is caused by an event, such as seeing a friend or a favorite food. They have created a set of ways to measure the feeling in different animals. The scientists want to make sure that the final result is not from just guessing animals’ mind, but from scientific research. Some signs of joy are connected with actions. For example, some scientists have noticed that chimpanzees (黑猩猩) make laugh-like sounds while they are playing. Other scientists have noticed that dolphins (海豚) produce joyful sounds when happy things happen to them. However, actions do not tell the whole story. Horses seem to be happily playing, but they may actually have the opposite feeling: they are downcast. So the scientists are also examining animals’ brain chemistry and studying their body temperature changes to help tell if the animals are truly happy. Learning about joy in animals can improve the care of animals. And the new study about animals’ happiness can also help better understand humans’ happiness. 1．What does the new study about animals focus on? A．Their fear. B．Their happiness. C．Their food. D．Their friendship. 2．Why are chimpanzees and dolphins mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To record the challenge of studying animals. B．To explain the ways of making happy sounds. C．To show the connection between joy and actions. D．To tell the differences between two kinds of animals. 3．What does the underlined word “downcast” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Sad. B．Calm. C．Moved. D．Surprised. 4．What does the writer think of the new study? A．It makes people get close to nature. B．It improves animals’ daily behavior. C．It encourages people to keep animals. D．It benefits both animals and humans. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了数百年来有关动物情绪的研究多聚焦负面情绪，如今科学家开展新研究，通过行为、脑部化学物质、体温变化等科学方式探究、衡量动物的愉悦情绪，同时说明这项研究既能更好照料动物，也有助于人类理解自身的幸福感。 【详解】 1．根据第二段中“Now some scientists are working together to better understand animals’ joy.”以及最后一段提到的“animals’ happiness”可知，这项新研究关注的是动物的快乐或幸福。 2．第三段开头给出中心句：“Some signs of joy are connected with actions.”，后文举黑猩猩、海豚发出愉悦声响的例子，是为了证明快乐和行为之间存在关联。 3．根据第四段中“Horses seem to be happily playing, but they may actually have the opposite feeling: they are downcast.””可知，downcast与前面的happily“快乐地”意思相反，因此应意为“悲伤的、沮丧的”，与sad同义。 4．根据最后一段“Learning about joy in animals can improve the care of animals. And the new study about animals’ happiness can also help better understand humans’ happiness.”可知，作者认为这项研究对动物和人类都有益处。 Passage 04 （2024·河北·中考真题）The Hutuo River is the mother river of Shijiazhuang, the capital city of Hebei. About 20 years ago, it was dirty and almost dried up. Thanks to the government’s work, it has become much cleaner. Wu Wenzhong, a 58-year-old villager, lives near the river. “My friends and I often played with water, swam and caught fish in it when I was a child. I liked catching fish best,” he said. He remembers that the villagers had to cross the river by boat at that time. But as time passed by, it got dirty and started to dry up. To remediate (修复) the river, the government do a lot of things. They clean the river up and build levees (防洪堤) . They plant trees, grass and flowers to green the riverside. They set up fences (防护栏) and put up “No Swimming” signs along the river to protect people. They stop factories from putting waste water into the river. They keep an eye on the river to make sure it stays clean for the fish, birds and people who live nearby. They also have a long-term plan to keep the river in good condition. Now, there are more than 20 kinds of birds living around the river. It becomes a home for birds again. People can enjoy a day outdoors with the beauty of nature along the river. Wu and other villagers are happy to see the river looking good again. The Hutuo River’s story shows that when people work together to take care of nature, good things can happen. 1．What was Wu Wenzhong’s favourite activity when he was a child? A．Boating. B．Swimming. C．Planting trees. D．Catching fish. 2．Which question can help readers know the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．How does the river look? B．When do people green the riverside? C．Why is the river important? D．What do the government do for the river? 3．What do we know about today’s Hutuo River? A．Many birds live around it. B．Factories get water from it. C．Over 20 kinds of fish live in it. D．Villagers make boats near it. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了河北省省会石家庄的母亲河——滹沱河的变迁。大约20年前，滹沱河污浊，几乎干涸。但是，由于政府的努力，滹沱河变得更加清洁。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“My friends and I often played with water, swam and caught fish in it when I was a child. I liked catching fish best”可知，吴文忠小时候最喜欢的活动是捕鱼。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。第三段主要描述了政府为了修复滹沱河所做的一系列工作，如清理河流，建造防洪堤，绿化河边，设置防护栏和“禁止游泳”的标志，阻止工厂将废水排入河中，监视河流保持清洁，以及制定长期计划保持河流良好状态等。所以，问题“政府为河流做了什么？”可以帮助读者了解第三段的主要内容。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Now, there are more than 20 kinds of birds living around the river. It becomes a home for birds again.”可知，现在有许多鸟类生活在滹沱河周围。故选A。 Passage 05 （2026・邯郸市・二模）There is lots of bottled water in our daily life. People often drink it quickly, but some store it for a long term or buy it in bulk when it’s on sale. Is keeping bottled water for months or years a bad idea? You might see a “sell-by date” or a “best-by date” on the label. What does this mean? Does water really rot? Water itself doesn’t go bad since it is just H2O with no sugar, protein or additives. The packaging is the real issue. Over 97% of bottled water is in plastic. The International Bottled Water Association (IBWA) says these plastic bottles have tiny holes that “might let surrounding air gases affect the taste and the smell of the drink”. The FDA (美国食品及药物管理局) doesn’t make bottled water makers list an expiration date because they think this product has an endless shelf life. Water past its “best-by date” might still be drinkable. This depends a lot on how it is stored. Some studies show that if water is stored in high heat for weeks, antimony (a chemical in many plastic bottles) can get into the water. But the increase in antimony is unlikely to harm people who drink this water. Anyway, leaving a case of water in your car during summer isn’t a good idea. Bottled water can handle some heat, but a good storage from the start makes it last longer and taste better. The IBWA website states that bottled water should be stored at least at room temperature. And if possible at lower temperatures. It should also be kept away from direct sunlight and household chemicals. 1．What does the underlined word “rot” probably mean in Paragraph One? A．Be sold out. B．Go bad after some time. C．Change color badly. D．Become too expensive. 2．What is the main reason bottled water might change in taste or smell? A．People store it incorrectly. B．It contains harmful chemicals. C．The water itself spoils over time. D．Bottles have small holes that let air in. 3．How does the writer support his points about bottled water safety? A．By sharing personal experiences. B．By interviewing water consumers. C．By using official research resources. D．By comparing bottled water brands. 4．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To tell people how to buy bottled water. B．To show problems with bottled water companies. C．To warn people about the danger of bottled water. D．To teach readers how to store bottled water correctly. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，主要探讨了瓶装水的保质期问题。文章解释了为什么水本身不会变质，但塑料包装可能会导致水质变化，并引用了国际瓶装水协会和美国食品药品监督管理局的观点，最后给出了正确储存瓶装水的建议。 【详解】 1．根据第二段“The packaging is the real issue... these plastic bottles have tiny holes that ‘might let surrounding air gases affect the taste and the smell of the drink’.”可知，导致味道或气味改变的主要原因是瓶子的微小孔隙让空气进入。 2．根据第二段“The packaging is the real issue... these plastic bottles have tiny holes that ‘might let surrounding air gases affect the taste and the smell of the drink’.”可知，导致味道或气味改变的主要原因是瓶子的微小孔隙让空气进入。 3．作者在文中多次引用权威机构的信息来支持观点，例如第二段引用了“The International Bottled Water Association (IBWA)”关于塑料瓶微孔的说法，第三段引用了“The FDA”关于保质期和锑含量的研究，第四段引用了“The EBWA website”的建议。这说明作者是通过使用官方研究资源来支持观点的。 4．最后一段主要讲述了EBWA网站关于储存瓶装水的建议：“stored at least at room temperature”、“kept away from direct sunlight and household chemicals”。这一段的核心目的就是指导读者如何正确地储存瓶装水。 Passage 06 （2026・邢台市・二模）Shijiazhuang is the capital of Hebei Province. It is the political, cultural, and economic (经济的) center of Hebei. To the west are the Taihang Mountains, and to the east is the great North China Plain. The Hutuo River runs through the city. In the city, there is the famous Nan Santiao Market, where people can buy all kinds of small goods. There is also an old hotel called Zheng Tai Hotel. It has seen many legendary (传奇的) stories of the past. Zhengding Ancient City is a symbol of Shijiazhuang’s history and culture. It has old city walls and beautiful ancient temples (寺庙). People there enjoy delicious food like “Eight Big Bowls” and Jin feng Braised Chicken. Not far from Shijiazhuang is the Zhaozhou Bridge. It is one of the oldest stone bridges in the world. The bridge is very strong, has a beautiful design, and people still admire it today. Shijiazhuang is a city with both modern life and old culture. Visitors can learn a lot of history and taste great food here. It is a wonderful place to explore (探索). 1．Where can people buy all kinds of small goods in Shijiazhuang? A．Zheng Tai Hotel. B．Zhengding Ancient City. C．Nan Santiao Market. D．Zhaozhou Bridge. 2．What does Zheng Tai Hotel show us about Shijiazhuang? A．Its modern buildings. B．Its past stories. C．Its delicious food. D．Its beautiful design. 3．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Shijiazhuang has beautiful mountains and rivers. B．Shijiazhuang is famous for its markets and bridges. C．Shijiazhuang is a city full of modern life. D．Shijiazhuang is a modern and cultural city. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了河北省会石家庄的地理位置、特色景点、历史文化与城市风貌。 【详解】 1．第二段提到“In the city, there is the famous Nan Santiao Market, where people can buy all kinds of small goods.”，说明人们可以在南三条市场买到各类小商品。 2．第二段提到“There is also an old hotel called Zheng Tai Hotel. It has seen many legendary stories of the past.”，说明正太酒店见证了石家庄传奇的过往故事。 3．文章结尾提到“Shijiazhuang is a city with both modern life and old culture.”，点明了全文主旨，即石家庄是一座兼具现代生活与传统文化的城市。 Passage 07 （2026・邢台市・二模）China is facing a more and more serious problem in teenage mental (心理) health. It is a double challenge that includes both feeling and behavior (行为) problems. Feeling Problems Many teenagers have feeling troubles. According to the Report on National Mental Health Development in China (2021-2022), 14.8% of teenagers are at risk of depression (抑郁). This means they often feel very unhappy and alone. Sadly, some teens hurt themselves or develop eating disorders like eating too much or too little to deal with their pain. Behavioral and Social Problems The internet also causes problems. Spending too much time online makes it difficult for teens to talk with people in real life. This can lead to loneliness and problems at school. Bullying, both online and with words, makes their mental wounds even deeper. Some teens also feel puzzled (困惑的) about who they are. They don’t know how to balance what they want and what their family hopes for, which can make them feel anxious. The Results The results are serious. In the short term, it hurts their studies and friendships. In some cases, teens might get into fights or even break the law because they can’t control their feelings. In the long term, these problems can turn into long-lasting mental illness, making it more difficult for them to live a normal life as adults. A Global (全球性的) Problem This is not just a problem in China. A UNICEF (联合国儿童基金会) report says that about 1 in 5 teenagers around the world have mental health problems. We must take this problem seriously and help our young people before it is too late. 1．What percentage of teenagers are at risk of depression according to the report? A．12.8%. B．14.8%. C．16.8%. D．18.8%. 2．What can cause teens to feel lonely and have problems at school? A．Eating disorders. B．Family expectations. C．Bullying with words. D．Too much time online. 3．What does the underlined word “anxious” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Worried. B．Excited. C．Bored. D．Surprised. 4．What may teenage mental health problems turn into in the long term? A．Studies and friendships. B．Long-lasting mental illness. C．Problems at school. D．Fights and breaking laws. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Global Mental Health Crisis. B．How to Help Teens with Problems. C．A Double Challenge for Teenagers. D．The Causes of Teenage Depression. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要指出青少年心理健康问题日益严峻，介绍了情感和行为问题及其危害，并说明这是全球性难题，呼吁重视并帮助青少年。 【详解】 1．根据小标题“Feeling Problems”段落中的句子“According to the Report on National Mental Health Development in China (2021-2022), 14.8% of teenagers are at risk of depression”可知，报告显示有14.8%的青少年面临抑郁风险。 2．根据小标题“Behavioral and Social Problems”段落中的句子“Spending too much time online… This can lead to loneliness and problems at school”可知，花费太多时间上网会导致青少年感到孤独并在学校遇到问题。 3．根据划线词所在句的前文“They don’t know how to balance what they want and what their family hopes for”，他们不知道如何平衡自己的愿望和家庭的期望，这种冲突情境通常会让人感到压力、担忧或焦虑。选项中Worried“担忧的”与anxious“焦虑的”含义最接近。 4．根据小标题“The Results”段落中的最后一句“In the long term, these problems can turn into long-lasting mental illness”可知，从长远来看，这些问题可能会转变为持久的精神疾病。 5．文章开头指出中国青少年心理健康面临严峻问题，并明确提到“It is a double challenge that includes both feeling and behavior problems”，这是一个包含情感和行为问题的双重挑战， 后续段落分别详细介绍了这两方面的问题、结果及全球背景。因此，“A Double Challenge for Teenagers”最适合作为本文的标题。 Passage 08 （2026・石家庄市・二模）Have you ever yawned (打哈欠) while reading this text? If you have, don’t worry. Yawning is something we all do, even before we are born. But why do we yawn? For a long time, people believed that we yawn because our body needs more oxygen (氧气). When we are tired or bored, we breathe more slowly, so our brains don’t get enough oxygen. Yawning, then, is a deep breath. It brings in a lot of oxygen quickly. This explanation sounds reasonable, but studies have shown that it is probably wrong. When people are given more oxygen to breathe, they don’t yawn less. And when the air has less oxygen, they don’t yawn more. So what is the real reason? A newer explanation is that yawning helps cool down our brains. The brain works like a computer — when it gets too hot, it doesn’t work well. A deep yawn brings cool air into the mouth and nose. It then cools the blood going to the brain. This helps the brain work better. Studies have found that people yawn more when they are tired or stressed, because at those times the brain temperature is higher. Yawning can infect one person after another. When one person yawns, others around him or her often yawn too. Scientists believe this might be a form of empathy (同理心) — the ability to understand and share others’ feelings. In fact, the stronger this ability is, the more likely a person is to yawn. So next time you yawn in class, don’t feel embarrassed. Your brain might just need a little cool-down — or maybe you’re just showing empathy. 1．What did people use to believe about yawning? A．It means a person is bored. B．It helps the body get more oxygen. C．It only happens to adults. D．It is a sign of illness. 2．What does the new explanation say about yawning? A．It helps cool down the brain. B．It helps people breathe better. C．It makes people feel sleepy. D．It improves hearing. 3．When do people yawn more according to the new explanation? A．When they are happy. B．When they are tired or stressed. C．When they are exercising. D．When they are eating. 4．What does the underlined word “infect” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Hurt. B．Refuse. C．Spread. D．Punish. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Yawning Does No Good to People B．Ways to Cool Down the Brain C．Empathy Makes People Healthier D．The Hidden Causes of Yawning 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要探讨了人类打哈欠的原因，介绍了旧的观点、新的科学解释以及打哈欠的传染性。 【详解】 1．根据第二段中“For a long time, people believed that we yawn because our body needs more oxygen (氧气).”可知，过去人们认为打哈欠是因为身体需要更多氧气。 2．根据第三段中“A newer explanation is that yawning helps cool down our brains.”可知，新的解释认为打哈欠有助于给大脑降温。 3．根据第三段中“Studies have found that people yawn more when they are tired or stressed”可知，根据新解释，人们在疲劳或有压力时打哈欠更多。 4．根据第四段中“Yawning can infect one person after another. When one person yawns, others around him or her often yawn too.”可知，一个人打哈欠会引起周围人也打哈欠，说明打哈欠会“传染/传播”，由此可知，“infect”与Spread“传播”意思一致。 5．通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了关于打哈欠原因的不同解释（氧气说、降温说、同理心说），旨在揭示打哈欠背后的原因，因此选项D“The Hidden Causes of Yawning (打哈欠的隐藏原因)”最适合作为文章的标题。 Passage 09 （2026・邯郸市・二模）The world of work will likely look very different by the time the present generation of kids finishes their education. Experts have predicted that the improved technology, especially artificial intelligence (AI) will change the way humans work in the future. Professor Tony Ryan said that AI will transform the future workforce across every industry, making some jobs outdated while creating others. While some jobs could be replaced by robots, others will still need a human touch. Ryan said jobs requiring “love and connection”, such as teaching, social work and nursing, would continue to be needed in the future. “We need to be careful that we shouldn’t get so obsessed (着迷) with the technology that we allow it to take our humanity.” He said. The University of South Australia’s Professor David Cropley said that technology would shape the careers of today’s kids as AI products continued to develop. “However, I don’t think this will simply replace humans in the world of work, instead, I see them as human assistants.” For example, in the medical consultation (咨询), AI might provide support like analyzing patients’ data, and scanning medical images, but the key interaction with the patient and final diagnosis (诊断) need to be done by human doctors. “The automation (自动化) and AI, as good as they might be, are still just nice tools.” Professor Cropley said. “Hammers and saws didn’t displace carpenters (木工), they just made the job easier and improved productivity for the human.” “Critical and creative thinkers with skills in science, technology, engineering and mathematics would also be in high demand by the 2050s.” He said. 1．According to Tony Ryan, which of the following jobs is not likely to be replaced by robots? A．Bank clerk. B．Factory worker. C．Computer programmer. D．Primary school teacher. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph3 refer to? A．Nursing. B．Teaching. C．Technology. D．Humanity. 3．What does Professor David Cropley think of AI products? A．Create their own world. B．Replace the humans. C．Be humans’ assistants. D．Be critical and creative thinkers. 4．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To advertise new AI products for the workplace. B．To warn people about the possible dangers of AI. C．To criticize schools for not teaching enough about AI. D．To explain how AI changes work but can’t replace people. 5．Where is this text most likely taken from? A．A travel guide. B．A technology magazine. C．A cookbook. D．A sports report. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了人工智能（AI）对未来工作的影响，指出AI会改变工作方式，但无法完全取代人类，同时强调了具备特定技能的批判性和创造性思维者在未来将备受需求。 【详解】 1．第二段提到Ryan said jobs requiring ‘love and connection’, such as teaching, social work and nursing, would continue to be needed in the future.”小学教师属于教学工作，符合这一描述。银行职员、工厂工人、计算机程序员文中未提及不会被取代，所以小学教师不太可能被机器人取代。 2．第三段“We need to be careful that we shouldn’t get so obsessed (着迷) with the technology that we allow it to take our humanity.”，这里的“it”指代前文提到的“technology”（技术）。 3．根据第三段中 Professor David Cropley 的观点文中提到“However, I don’t think this will simply replace humans in the world of work, instead, I see them as humans assistants.”。所以他认为人工智能产品是人类的助手。 4．文章开篇指出专家预测改进的技术尤其是人工智能将改变人类的工作方式，接着分别阐述了Tony Ryan和David Cropley教授的观点，说明人工智能会改变工作但不能取代人类。D选项解释人工智能如何改变工作但不能取代人类，符合文章主旨。 5．本文主要讨论了人工智能（AI）和技术对未来工作及人类角色的影响，涉及科技专家的观点和未来趋势预测，这类文章最可能出现在科技杂志上。 Passage 10 （2026・唐山开平・二模）It’s easy to forget, but you are the most important person in your world. Taking care of yourself is not selfish. It’s necessary for a happy life. When you feel good, everything in your life can get better, such as school, friends, and family. Many people think they should always put others first. However, you can’t pour from an empty cup. By focusing on your health and feelings, you can feel better and help others more. Remember: putting yourself first helps you be a better friend to others. Taking care of yourself means understanding your needs and setting limits. If something makes you feel drained and you have no energy left, it’s OK to say “no” and take a break. Find time for your hobbies, like drawing, playing outside, or reading. Let others know what you need clearly—like some quiet time, or help with a problem. Pay attention to what you’re thinking and how you’re feeling. This helps you understand yourself better. If you’re sad or upset, that’s OK. Accept your feelings and don’t be hard on yourself. You can write about them in a diary or talk to someone, like a family member or teacher. Research shows that accepting your feelings can actually reduce stress and improve mental (心理) health. When you put yourself first, you learn that you deserve (值得) love and care. This makes you stronger and helps you be a good friend to others. Self-care isn’t selfish—it’s the reason you can show up for the people who matter. 1．What may the writer agree about taking care of yourself? A．It is selfish. B．It is necessary. C．It’s a waste of time. D．It’s not a good idea. 2．What does “However, you can’t pour from an empty cup.” mean in Paragraph 2? A．You should always put others first. B．You must think more of others’ feelings. C．You need to drink as much water as you can. D．You can’t help others if you don’t take care of yourself. 3．What does the underlined word “drained” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Bored. B．Angry. C．Tired. D．Surprised. 4．How can writing in a diary help you according to the text? A．It helps you accept your feelings. B．It improves your writing skills. C．It makes you forget your problems. D．It teaches you to be hard on yourself. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．How to Be a Good Friend B．Why Self-Care Is Important C．Ways to Set Limits in Life D．The Meaning of Happiness 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文讲述了自我关爱的重要性，告诉人们好好照顾自己不是自私，照顾好自己的身心不仅能让自己更快乐，也能更好地帮助他人。 【详解】 1．根据第一段第二句“Taking care of yourself is not selfish. It’s necessary for a happy life.”可知，作者认为照顾自己是必要的。 2．根据第二段上下文“Many people think they should always put others first. However, you can’t pour from an empty cup. By focusing on your health and feelings, you can feel better and help others more.”可知，这句话是一个比喻，意为如果自己不照顾好自己（杯子是空的），就无法给予他人帮助（倒出水）。 3．根据第三段划线词后的语境“...and you have no energy left”可知，drained此处指精力耗尽、疲惫的。故Tired疲倦的，符合语境。 4．根据第四段“Accept your feelings...You can write about them in a diary...Research shows that accepting your feelings can actually reduce stress...”可知，写日记是接受情感的一种方式，有助于接受自己的感受。 5．通读全文可知，文章主要阐述了self-care照顾自己不是自私，而是必要的，并解释了其原因及好处，如改善心理健康、更好地帮助他人等。故“为什么自我照顾很重要”最能概括文章主旨，是本文的最佳标题。 Passage 11 （2026・秦皇岛市海港区・一模）Face changing, or “bian lian” in Chinese, is an important part of Sichuan Opera. It started as early as in the Ming Dynasty. And it is one of the great treasures in traditional Chinese culture. The changing faces show different feelings of performers in a special way. It’s believed that face changing comes from fighting against dangerous animals. In ancient times, people painted colorful pictures on their faces to scare the animals away. Later, it was used in the shows of Sichuan Opera. And as time went by, it turned into a great form of art. Face changing is one of the most mysterious arts, and many people are curious about the secret of face changing. Generally, there are three main face changing skills: wiping, blowing and pulling. Among them, pulling is the most difficult. The performer must move quickly and smoothly enough to pull down the masks which were hidden on the top of his head before the performance, to show his feelings like happiness, sadness, hate, or anger. Face changing is an ever-changing art, and it continues to develop with technology. By the early 1900s, performers could only change 3 masks in each performance. By the year of 2000, performers could change up to 8. Nowadays, using silk masks and modern technology, artists can change 18 to 20 different masks. 1．Why do the performers of Sichuan Opera change their faces on the stage? A．To play different roles. B．To show different feelings. C．To fight against animals. D．To play with the animals. 2．Which is the most difficult face changing skill? A．Mopping. B．Blowing. C．Pulling. D．Painting. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The development of face changing. B．The popularity of face changing. C．The introduction to Sichuan Opera. D．The importance of Sichuan Opera. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Sichuan Opera, a Traditional Chinese Art B．The skills of Face Changing C．Face Changing, a Traditional Chinese Art D．The Popularity of Face Changing 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了川剧变脸的起源、技巧以及发展历程。 【详解】 1．第一段指出“The changing faces show different feelings of performers in a special way.”，变脸以一种特殊的方式展现表演者不同的情感，所以川剧演员在舞台上变脸是为了表现不同的情感。 2．第三段指出“Generally, there are three main face changing skills: wiping, blowing and pulling. Among them, pulling is the most difficult.”，变脸主要有抹脸、吹脸和扯脸三种技巧，其中扯脸是最难的。 3．最后一段讲述了变脸从20世纪初每场表演只能换3张面具，到2000年能换8张，再到如今借助丝绸面具和现代技术可换18到20张面具，整体围绕变脸的发展历程展开，所以该段主要讲的是变脸的发展。 4．全文围绕“变脸”展开，介绍了它的地位、起源、技巧与发展，核心主题是变脸这一中国传统艺术，因此“Face Changing, a Traditional Chinese Art”最适合作为文章标题。 Passage 12 （2026・邯郸市・二模）Volunteering can not only give back to the neighborhood, but also play an important part in the lives of others. But what qualities does a good volunteer need? Here are some answers. Working well with others is a key quality, and the best volunteers are comfortable working in an ever-changing team. For example, a good volunteer can work with people from different walks of life and take on the role of head or follower in different programs. Patience is one of the necessary qualities of a good volunteer. Most charities or organizations need to do many things at once. However, not everything moves as quickly as expected. So it’s important to be patient at this time. Patience is also important for volunteers who will communicate with children or the old people who are disabled. Volunteers often go out of their comfort zones because they need to learn many new things and face challenges. Sometimes they may be in trouble, so it’s important to stay positive. In a word, it’s not easy to be a good volunteer. People should try their best to learn how to do it well. 1．How many qualities are mentioned in the passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．Who is the passage most probably written for? A．People who are interested in being a good volunteer. B．People who often get into trouble and many difficulties. C．People who want to be the head of an important program. D．People who know the importance of working well with others. 3．Why is patience one of the necessary quality of a good volunteer? A．Because most charities need to do things at once. B．Because volunteers need to communicate with child or disabled old people. C．Because most volunteers are disabled. D．Because volunteers are often in trouble. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了成为优秀志愿者所需的三项核心品质，以及这些品质在志愿工作中的作用。 【详解】 1．文章第二段提到了“Working well with others”（与他人合作），第三段提到了“Patience”（耐心），第四段提到了“stay positive”（保持积极），共提到了三种优秀志愿者所需的品质。 2．文章开头提出问题“But what qualities does a good volunteer need?”（一个好的志愿者需要什么品质？），结尾总结“People should try their best to learn how to do it well.”（人们应尽最大努力学习如何做好它）。整篇文章旨在指导那些想要成为优秀志愿者的人，因此最可能是写给对成为优秀志愿者感兴趣的人看的。 3．根据第三段内容“Patience is also important for volunteers who will communicate with children or the old people who are disabled.”（耐心对于将与儿童或残疾老人沟通的志愿者也很重要）可知，因为需要与这些特定人群沟通，所以耐心是必要的品质。 Passage 13 （2026・石家庄・二模）We’ve heard news that kids died after being left in cars in the sun. According to research, kids’ body temperature rises three to five times faster than adults’. So young kids can develop terrible heatstroke (中暑) in just a few minutes. Hearing such news, three teenage researchers—Areen Alashmawy, Sara Altarawenh and Ayah Alkatib—wondered how to solve this problem. Together, they invented a device (设备) with a heatstroke-warning system (系统). Named “Safe in Car”, their invention tests the temperature and CO2 levels in a car. It can check how many people are inside and warn people about the car’s conditions by sending text messages to their smartphones. The invention also has a camera. When it’s connected to an app on their smartphones, people can see the car’s indoor temperature and CO2 levels from far away. This new invention also provides a way to solve the problem. When the indoor temperature or CO2 level reaches dangerous levels, the invention helps open the car windows, which could help save lives. The three researchers once tried to get help for their work. But when they went to engineers and doctors for advice, these adults thought their idea was full of challenges and even impossible. The young researchers are now proud to show them they made it. The three hope that their invention can someday be used in cars. They also imagine that one day it could send a warning call to the police and use GPS to show where the car is. It can really save people’s lives, especially kids’. 1．What made the three teenage researchers invent the device? A．The sad news about kids’ deaths. B．Their own unpleasant experiences. C．Their wish to win a prize. D．The unusual hot weather. 2．Which paragraphs tell us how “Safe in Car” works? A．Paragraphs 1 and 2. B．Paragraphs 2 and 3. C．Paragraphs 3 and 4. D．Paragraphs 4 and 5. 3．What did engineers and doctors think of the three researchers’ idea at first? A．Useless. B．Hopeful. C．Special. D．Challenging. 4．Where is the text probably from? A．A science magazine. B．A history book. C．A storybook. D．A sports newspaper. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了三名青少年受儿童被遗忘在车内中暑死亡的新闻启发，发明了名为“Safe in Car”的车内中暑预警装置，该装置能监测车内环境、发送警报甚至自动开窗，虽最初不被专业人士看好，但她们希望其未来能更好地保护儿童生命安全。 【详解】 1．根据文章第二段第一句“Hearing such news, three teenage researchers…wondered how to solve this problem.”可知，是有关孩子死亡的悲伤新闻促使他们发明了该设备。 2．文章第三段介绍了该设备如何检测温度、二氧化碳水平以及发送短信警告；第四段介绍了当达到危险水平时设备如何自动打开车窗。这两段主要讲述了“Safe in Car”的工作原理和过程。 3．根据文章第五段第二句“But when they went to engineers and doctors for advice, these adults thought their idea was full of challenges and even impossible.”可知，起初他们认为这个想法充满挑战（Challenging）。 4．本文主要介绍了一项由青少年发明的科技装置（device），涉及温度检测、二氧化碳水平、GPS定位等科学技术内容，旨在解决生活中的安全问题。这类文章最可能出现在科学杂志上，而非历史书、故事书或体育报纸。 Passage 14 （2026・张家口・二模）Screens can be fun, but try to use them wisely. Spending too much time on screens might make you miss other fun things in life. Why are screens so hard to put down? Screens are made to catch your attention. Companies use bright colors, sounds, and rewards (奖励) to make their apps hard to put down. These things make you feel good, so you want to keep using them. It helps to understand how apps are designed. Then you can decide how much time to spend on screens. Not all screen time is bad. Watching a movie with your family is good. Using a screen for homework is also useful. But short videos can be a problem. They catch your eye, take up a lot of your time, and give you little back. If you don’t have a smartphone yet, consider starting with a simple phone. It is good for talking with friends, and it will not take over your life. If you already have a smartphone, learn to control how you use it. You can set a timer when you use your smartphone, so it reminds you to stop and take a break. When you study, put your smartphone somewhere out of sight (视野). Besides, make plans to do other things, like visiting friends. That way, you have a reason to stop and have something fun to do. 1．What do companies use to make their apps hard to put down? A．Funny videos and games. B．Simple designs and timers. C．Bright colors, sounds, and rewards. D．Family activities and homework. 2．Which is a good way to use screens according to the writer? A．Watching short videos alone. B．Watching a movie with family. C．Playing games for a long time. D．Chatting with friends all day. 3．Why does the writer suggest “make plans to do other things”? A．To make more friends. B．To get a new smartphone. C．To learn how to make a plan. D．To have a reason to stop screen time. 4．Who might the text be written for? A．Teenagers. B．Parents. C．Teachers. D．Designers. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了屏幕（手机/平板）让人沉迷的原因，区分了有益和有害的屏幕使用方式，并给出了控制屏幕时间的实用建议。 【详解】 1．第二段第三句“Companies use bright colors, sounds, and rewards to make their apps hard to put down.”，原文直接说明公司使用“明亮的色彩、声音和奖励”让应用难以放下。 2．第三段第二句“Watching a movie with your family is good.”，作者明确指出和家人一起看电影是有益的屏幕使用方式。 3．第五段最后一句“That way, you have a reason to stop and have something fun to do.”，制定其他计划的目的是为了有理由停止使用屏幕。 4．文章针对“是否拥有智能手机”“如何控制使用”等给出了具体建议，目标读者是青少年。 Passage 15 （2026・张家口・一模）Most people think fast delivery (快递) is new, but it’s actually very old. As early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties (商周时期), governments already had a way to send orders and news. This way was called yizhan. It was most developed in the Tang dynasty and continued to be used for hundreds of years. The yizhan was built to help pass documents far and fast. Riders would stop at these places to change horses or rest. Sometimes, they passed the messages to the next rider. Because of this, news, food, and even money for the emperors could travel quickly across the land. The yizhan was also built in a very ingenious way. These places were about 30 kilometers from each other. That was just right for a horse to go without stopping. Each place usually had houses for horses, rooms to keep things, kitchens, and beds for riders. Bigger places could hold many people and even had offices. Some had tall towers or flags so people could see them easily. Later, the yizhan took on more new roles. When the Mongols (蒙古人) ruled, it also helped foreign officers and official visitors who came for work. This way helped the government, business, and the sharing of culture. Even the famous traveler Marco Polo said it worked very well. Today, our post offices and ways to communicate still learn from this old idea. Keeping people in touch helped ancient China develop and it still helps us now. 1．When was yizhan most developed? A．In the Shang dynasty. B．In the Zhou dynasty. C．In the Tang dynasty. D．In the Song dynasty. 2．Why did riders stop at yizhan? A．To get food and money. B．To change horses or rest. C．To welcome foreign visitors. D．To give the messages to emperors. 3．What does the underlined word “ingenious” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Difficult. B．Expensive. C．Modern. D．Well-designed. 4．What new role did yizhan get during the Mongol rule? A．It built taller towers and flags. B．It helped spread Chinese food. C．It taught people how to ride horses. D．It served foreign officers and official visitors. 5．Which is the best title for the text? A．China’s Old “Post Office” B．The Rule of Ancient Emperors C．The Life of Marco Polo in China D．Horses and Riders in Ancient China 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国古代的驿站制度，包括其起源、功能、设计以及后来的发展演变。 【详解】 1．第一段明确提到“It was most developed in the Tang dynasty and continued to be used for hundreds of years.”，说明驿站在唐朝最为发达。 2．第二段提到“Riders would stop at these places to change horses or rest.”，说明骑手在驿站停留是为了换马或休息。 3．第三段第一句“The yizhan was also built in a very ingenious way.”表明驿站的建造方式很特别，结合后文描述了驿站的巧妙设计：相距约30公里、配备马厩、储藏室、厨房、床铺等，大型驿站还有塔楼或旗帜便于识别，因此“ingenious”意为“设计巧妙的”。 4．第四段提到“When the Mongols (蒙古人) ruled, it also helped foreign officers and official visitors who came for work.”，说明在蒙古人统治时期，驿站为外国官员和官方访客提供服务。 5．文章主要围绕中国古代的驿站展开，介绍了它如同古代“邮局”般的作用，所以最佳标题是“China’s Old ‘Post Office’”。 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $