专题03 阅读表达（3年汇编）（河北专用）2024-2026年中考英语真题分类汇编

**基本信息** 该汇编聚焦初中英语阅读表达，整合2024-2026年河北中考真题及2026年多地模拟题共15篇短文，以简略回答为主，通过“打包行李学数学”等跨学科生活情境，强化信息提取与迁移应用能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读表达（简略回答）|每篇5题，共15篇|细节查找（如2024真题问armadillo避险行为）、开放表达（如2026真题举例日常学数学活动）|情境从科普（仿生学）延伸至生活实践（志愿面试、环保行动），开放题要求“举例+解释”，契合中考命题从基础到综合运用的梯度|

专题03 阅读表达 3年真题1年模拟 一、三年真题设问类型统计 设问类型 核心考查能力 2024年（共5题） 2025年（共5题） 2026年（共5题） 细节查找题 原文定位、信息提取 4 4 4 归纳概括题 整合信息、总结共性 1 0 0 开放表达题 迁移应用、观点输出 0 1 1 二、命题规律与 2026 年真题核心变化 三年真题语篇均以说明文为核心载体，题材逐步从科普知识向生活实践延伸：2024 年聚焦仿生学科普知识，2025 年为志愿面试实用建议，2026 年以 “打包行李学数学” 为主题，实现生活场景与跨学科知识的深度融合，完全契合新课标 “在真实情境中发展核心素养” 的培养要求。 题型层面，2024 年采用 “完成句子+简略回答” 混合命题形式，2025 年起统一为 5 道简略回答并延续至 2026 年，题型框架稳定成熟。2026 年最突出的变化在于开放题层级升级：由单纯的观点表达升级为 “举例+解释” 的综合运用任务，要求学生结合生活实际迁移知识，对思维品质和语言综合运用能力的考查显著强化。 Passage 01 （2026·河北·中考真题）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Packing for a family holiday often feels like a rush to remember necessary things like socks or medicine. However, for children, packing can be valuable because it helps them learn math in real life. Counting is a basic math skill. Before they pack, children should first think about the activities in the holiday. Different activities require different things. Then they will count the days about the trip and how many things they will take. For example, if swimming is included, they may need to take swimming clothes. If the trip lasts seven days, they will consider how many clothes they need. In this process (过程), they practice counting. Sometimes, the suitcase is not big enough. After they fail to pack everything in, children quickly learn the importance of space. They might try folding (折叠) their clothes in different ways to make them smaller. By trying again and again, children start to understand something like volume (容积). More importantly, the questions from adults can guide children toward deep thinking. For example, when the mother sees her child put milk and clothes together, she may ask her child if it is OK to do so. The child has to consider whether it is proper to pack that way. If not, the child will think about what the proper way is. Deep thinking is what children need when they solve difficult math problems. Learning math happens not only at a desk but also in other places. Therefore, when parents do housework, children should try to take part if possible. 1．Why can packing be valuable to children? 2．What should children first think about before they pack? 3．When do children quickly learn the importance of space according to paragraph 3? 4．What can guide children toward deep thinking when they pack? 5．What other daily activities can help children learn math? Give one example and explain. Passage 02 （2025·河北·中考真题）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 We may have an interview for our volunteer work. And the following suggestions will help make the interview a success. We should do some research on the volunteer work. We can call the organization or visit its website to find out some information about it. It’s also important for us to think about what questions the interviewers may ask. It will help us to keep the interview going smoothly. When leaving for the interview, we must remember to take everything we need. And we’re supposed to be at the interview about 30 minutes early. It allows us to get ready for the interview. Before we go into the interview room, we can take a deep breath to relax ourselves. When we hear someone ask us to go inside, we can enter the room. We should greet the interviewers with a smile and stand until they ask us to sit down. In answering questions, we had better be confident to show our talent and skills. It’s important to look into the interviewers’ eyes even if we are very nervous and shy. If we can’t understand the interviewers’ questions, it’s OK to ask the interviewers to explain them further. Before the interview is over, the interviewers usually invite us to ask some questions. We can ask a question about the work or the interview. For example, “What kind of training do you offer to volunteers?” We are supposed to thank the interviewers before we leave. With these suggestions, we will have a good chance of getting volunteer work. 1．How can we do research on the volunteer work? 2．Why are we supposed to be at the interview early? 3．What can we do to relax ourselves before we go into the interview room? 4．What should we do if we can’t understand the interviewers’ questions? 5．What question do you want to ask the interviewers before the interview is over? (Your question should be different from the underlined one in the text.) Passage 03 （2024·河北·中考真题）阅读下面短文，按要求完成下面小题。 Nature has many ways to solve problems. We humans learn a lot from animals and plants in nature. There is a science about how we copy great ideas from animals and plants to create helpful products. It is called biomimetics (仿生学) . Some animals such as this sugar glider have wing-like structures (结构) to help them fly from tree to tree. When they jump, they spread out their arms and legs to help them fly down easily. Wing-suits, a kind of clothes, can let people experience flying. The idea of these clothes comes from the sugar glider. Some animals have structures used for self-protection. An armadillo has a hard cover that can protect it from other dangerous animals. When an armadillo feels that it is in danger, it will change into a ball. Once the dangerous animal goes away, it comes out of the ball. The armadillo has taught people to create a backpack with a hard surface. The surface of the backpack protects things inside from being broken. Plants have helped people come up with amazing inventions, too. Perhaps the best-known example is Velcro (尼龙搭扣) . It includes two pieces of cloth. They stick to each other when they are pressed together. Velcro is used on everything from handbags to clothes. The idea of Velcro is from burrs (带芒刺的小果实) of a plant. They have special structures to allow themselves to stick to people’s clothing or hair. They are taken to other places in this way. From these examples, we can see biomimetics is widely used in our daily life. What other problems will nature help us solve in the future? Let’s wait and see! 1、2题完成句子； 3-5题简略回答问题。 1．We humans learn a lot from . 2．The sugar gliders spread out to help them fly down easily. 3．What will an armadillo do if it feels that it is in danger? 4．Where is Velcro used? 5．What do the kind of plant and two kinds of animals in the text have in common?  (依据短文内容从两个不同的方面回答) Passage 04 （2026・邯郸市・二模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Recently I have paid a visit to Harvard University where there are top-class scientists and professors and the best academic system in the world. I was pretty shocked when I first stepped onto the campus. Well, it’s not even really a campus. It’s more like a district in a small town. Harvard’s main buildings are from the 18th century. They look very old and simple. You might even say they are a little shabby. They don’t fit the modern idea of university at all. The buildings are surrounded by grass and trees, so I felt as if I had walked into a medieval castle. But when I looked across the street, busy shops and in-fashion students made me feel like I was in the 21st century again. It creates a strong contrast and brings a special atmosphere to the school. Our tour guide Gary took us around and told us, “You see this grass field in the center of the school? Here is where they host their graduation ceremony. They just set up tents and benches and have a very simple ceremony.” Unbelievable!! Who would think the most talented students just graduate on the lawn? I saw some students put a blanket on the grass and lie down to read a book. When I listened to the soft sound of pages turning, along with the singing of birds, I felt very calm. There was no competitive feeling at all. Harvard had the world’s first computer in its science center and there are hundreds of high-end computers too. Its religion and literature departments are also among the best. It is the perfect mix of tradition and new technology. It makes Harvard a very attractive place to study in. I hope one day I will attend my dream school—Harvard. 1．Where have I visited recently? 2．When were the main buildings built in the university? 3．How did I feel when I listened to the soft sound of pages turning, along with the singing of birds? 4．What makes Harvard a very attractive place to study in? 5．Would you like to go to Harvard to study? Why? Passage 05 （2026・唐山路南・二模）People are always changing. Many people have changed a lot. They change themselves because of different reasons. Let’s see the following people talking about their changes. Dave: When I was in primary school, I used to be crazy about eating junk food, so I was very heavy. Then one day I realized I should change myself, so I exercised more and gave up junk food. Now I’ve got thinner and healthier. Lucy: In the past, I used to spend all of my pocket money on snacks and beautiful clothes. About two years ago, a TV show about poor kids impressed me. I decided to do something good with my money. Now I’m used to giving away most of my pocket money to charity (慈善机构). Eric: I used to be afraid to talk to anyone else. My parents were worried about me a lot. Then one day I read a book named 30 Days—change your habits, change your life. Since then, I’ve tried to express myself to others. I’ve become more outgoing. Mary: I used to hate P.E. and was often absent from P.E. lessons. Later, my P.E. teacher Mr. Li advised me to do more sports to keep fit and train my mind. I thought he might be right and I fell in love with sports. Now I look forward to P.E. lessons and I can play soccer very well. 1．Why was Dave too heavy when he was in primary school? 2．What has changed Lucy’s way of spending pocket money? 3．How has Eric changed since he read 30 Days— change your habits, change your life? 4．What did Mr. Li advise Mary to do? 5．Write about one of your changes with “used to”. Passage 06 （2026・石家庄市・二模）Experiencing changes is a common part of life. People change with age, not only in appearance (外貌) but also in thinking. These are natural changes and it would be surprising without them. We also experience changes because of alterations (改变) in the environment. These can sometimes influence us. People can do a number of things when facing big changes. Most importantly, they need to realize their own feelings about things and find a trusted person to talk to. People hope these people will be able to offer support during the period of change. People respond (应对) to changes differently. Some people really enjoy the idea of a change and a challenge. To support one another, people need to be sensitive (敏感的) to other people’s feelings. After all, something exciting for one person may be very worrying for someone else. Most people feel nervous or worried about some things, but feel very confident about others. Knowing these parts of yourself can help you deal with changes. You can first look for the parts of the changes within your ability. This can help you deal with the parts of the changes beyond your comfort zone. It can sometimes help to look back at your life so far and see your way of dealing with all the changes you have already experienced. 1．What natural changes do people have with age? 2．What should people do when facing big changes? 3．Why do people need to be sensitive to others’ feelings? 4．How can people deal with the parts of change beyond their confidence? 5．What changes have you had recently? How did you deal with them? Passage 07 （2026・秦皇岛市海港区・一模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Everyone may have disagreements with others, sometimes about small things like what game to play, but sometimes about more serious subjects. Disagreements are uncomfortable. Here are some ways to make your conversation meaningful. Be a good listener Even if you disagree with someone, you should be a good listener. To show you’re listening, you can look into his eyes and listen with interest. Another way to show that you’re listening is by asking questions or repeating what he said. You can start by saying, “OK. I understand you, you are saying…” Use polite language When someone has an opinion you don’t agree with, don’t mind it too much. Avoid using impolite language, like “stupid” “foolish” or “silly”. Instead, focus on speaking calmly. For example, you may begin with “I feel” or “I see this another way.” Stick to the facts If you have a strong opinion, it’s better to stick to the facts instead of feelings. Start by asking if you can share your opinion. If you are stopped by someone, you can remind him that it’s your turn to speak. Find common ground If you find that you can’t change each other, look for the points you both agree on. This way, you can understand each other’s opinion clearly. As we all know, healthy communication is worth the effort because it builds strong relationships and communities. 1．What is the second way to show you are listening? 2．What kind of language can’t we use when we have different opinions? 3．What should we stick to if we have a strong opinion? 4．Why is healthy communication worth the effort? 5．What would you like to do if you have disagreement with others? Why? Passage 08 （2026・保定市莲池区・一模）Sunshine does make people happier. Imagine how cheerful you are when it clears up after long cold rainy days. Let’s discover the science behind sunlight. Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical called serotonin (血清素). When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin. Higher levels of serotonin will keep you in good spirits. At night, when there is little or no light, your body produces another chemical—melatonin (褪黑激素). It helps your body relax and will make you feel tired, which can prepare you for a good night’s sleep. You should keep a good balance between these two chemicals. However, for many people, it is hard to balance sunlight with darkness. The light in a house is usually about 100 times less than that outside on a sunny day. That’s why those people who stay indoors a lot should get outside in the sunshine. They can get some exercise, enjoy the fresh air and be happy, all at the same time. There are places where it gets dark for a long time in winter. People in those places are easier to get seasonal affective disorder (SAD). People with SAD usually go through bad experiences such as low energy and sadness. The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial lights for some time. The roles that sunshine plays in people’s life are more than those above. For example, your body produces Vitamin D from sunlight, which is important for being healthy. In fact, there is more science about sunlight for you to discover. So next time, when you notice the sunshine on your shoulder, take a moment to think, “Why do we love sunshine?” 1．What will happen if your body has more serotonin? 2．When does our body produce melatonin? 3．Why do people who stay indoors need to go out for sunshine? 4．What is the most common treatment for people with SAD? 5．Why do we love sunshine? (Your answer should be different from the reasons in the text.) Passage 09 （2026・张家口市・二模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Rebecca Young, now age 13, designed a solar-powered blanket (太阳能毯) and won first prize among 70,000 students in the UK Primary Engineer competition. Where did you get the idea? When I would go outside in the winter months, I always saw homeless people with very little to stay warm. It always made me so sad. I wanted to come up with something that could help them. How does your invention work? My solar-powered blanket takes sunlight during the day and stores it into a battery (电池) . At night, the blanket uses the energy it saved. It turns off when it gets warm enough so it won’t get too hot. How did you bring your idea to life? I did research on other sleeping bags and backpacks and then created a drawing for the competition. After I won, the engineers actually built a real model of my idea. It uses copper wires (铜线) to make the blankets warm, and solar panels (太阳能板) to collect energy from the sun. I made something that might one day help a person on the street. That thought is amazing to me. Why do you love science? Science is great because it makes us curious and teaches us how to ask, try, and fix things. I want kids to know: if they can dream it, they can make it real. Nothing is impossible! 1．How did Rebecca feel when she saw homeless people with very little to stay warm? 2．When will the solar-powered blanket turn itself off? 3．What did Rebecca do before she created a drawing for the competition? 4．Why does Rebecca love science? 5．What can you learn from Rebecca’s story? Passage 10 （2026・保定市・一模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Many actions have been taken to fight against food waste, but one young man is making a big difference with technology. Liu Jichen, 23, a student from Tsinghua University, has developed a WeChat mini programme called Clear Your Plate. After a meal, users can open the mini-programme and take a picture of their empty plates. And then, users can collect points and use them to buy gifts or meals given away to children in poor areas. Liu and his team started the “Clear Your Plate” campaign (行动) in November for the fifth year. Over 1,017 universities all over the country joined in it. The one-month campaign interested almost 1.6 million people and reduced food waste by 862 tons, China Youth Daily reported. “Technological innovation (创新) is a good way to reduce food waste,” Liu thought. He organized a team of 20 members to work on the project at the end of 2019. The AI had problems in identifying (识别) photos of empty plates, so the team spent half a year collecting over 100,000 samples (样本) in restaurants. The mini-programme was put in use on Oct. 16th, 2020, World Food Day. They then launched a campaign later that year. Now, the mini programme has more than 5 million users. “We hope our efforts can start a new idea among the young people by encouraging them to value their food and develop the habit of saving food.” Liu said. “Through the campaign, we hope to encourage everyone to take action against food waste and to offer Chinese wisdom to solve global food problems.” he added. 1．What is the name of Liu Jichen’s WeChat mini-programme? 2．How do users get points on this mini-programme? 3．How long does the campaign last each year? 4．Why did the team collect samples in restaurants? 5．What do you think of this campaign? How can you save food in your daily life? Passage 11 （2026・唐山市开平区・二模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Do you think AI’s answers are always correct? The answer is “No”. Sometimes its answers may seem correct while they are actually wrong. Scientists call this “AI hallucination (幻觉)”. Why does AI hallucinate? Scientists have found several reasons. First, the information AI learns from may be wrong. Think of the internet as a huge library. AI learns by reading the “books” in it. Some of these “books” have mistakes, and AI copies them without knowing they are wrong. Second, AI tries to guess when it doesn’t know the answer for sure. AI finds patterns in things and uses them to make guesses. However, for some questions, guessing is not possible. For example, in a class of 50 students, knowing the birthdays of 49 students does not help you guess the last one’s birthday. AI faces the same problem—some things cannot be known by guessing. Third, AI developers don’t teach AI to say “I don’t know”. Why not? Because they worry fewer people will turn to AI for help if it often says “I don’t know”. Then how do they train AI? They give AI rewards (奖励) for giving an answer—even a wrong one, but no reward for saying “I don’t know”. That’s why AI would rather make up an answer than admit (承认) it doesn’t know. Remember: AI is a useful tool, but it is not always right. So what can we do? Think about the three reasons above. You may find the answer. 1．What is “AI hallucination”? 2．Why are AI’s answers sometimes wrong according to paragraph 3? 3．What does AI do when it doesn’t know the answer for sure? 4．How do AI developers train AI not to say “I don’t know.”? 5．AI’s answers are not always correct. What should we do to deal with this problem? Passage 12 （2026・唐山市路南区・一模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Modern Technology: Changing Our Life for the Better In the modern world, technology is developing rapidly and has become an important part of our daily life. It has greatly changed how we live, work and study, bringing convenience and progress to people all over the world. Among all modern technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), smart home and new energy vehicles are the most common and influential ones in our daily life. AI is widely used in many fields. It can recognize human voices, help students with their studies by providing educational resources, and assist workers in finishing difficult tasks more efficiently. Smart home systems make our life easier: smart lights adjust brightness automatically, smart refrigerators remind us of food expiration, and smart sweepers clean houses without people’s help. New energy vehicles are environmentally friendly, producing no harmful gases, and their intelligent navigation systems can help drivers find the best routes quickly. These technologies not only make our life more convenient but also promote social development. They save our time, reduce environmental pollution and help us solve many difficult problems. With the continuous development of technology, we can look forward to a smarter and better future. However, we should also use technology properly to avoid its negative effects. 1．What are the most common and influential modern technologies in daily life? 2．How can AI help students according to the passage? 3．What can smart refrigerators do for people? 4．Why are new energy vehicles environmentally friendly? 5．What do you think we should do to use modern technology properly? Passage 13 （2026・石家庄市新华区・一模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 It’s wintertime. In China, November, December, January and February are winter months. They include six solar terms (节气): lidong (Beginning of Winter), xiaoxue (Minor Snow), daxue (Major Snow), dongzhi (Winter Solstice), xiaohan (Minor Cold) and dahan (Major Cold). Winter begins at lidong (Nov 7 — 8), after which most parts of the country can start to expect cold weather. On this day, after a year of hard work, people are happy to take a break and spend some time with family. The northern part of China celebrates lidong by having dumplings and mutton soup. Xiaoxue (Nov 22 — 23) and daxue (Dec 6 — 8) come after lidong. During xiaoxue, northern China can expect snow and temperatures to slowly fall below 0℃. Daxue means even more snow and bigger temperature drops. At dongzhi (Dec 21 — 23), the shortest day of the year and the longest night come in China. Many places around the country can expect the coldest weather yet. Ancient Chinese people would often start counting “nine cold periods (数九寒天)” starting from dongzhi. Every cold period has nine days. They believed that after 81 cold days, spring would arrive. Xiaohan (Jan 4 — 6) usually brings the lowest temperatures of the year. There may be high winds and sleet (雨雪). Finally, during dahan (Jan 19 — 21), the sleety weather fills the fields with snow. All Chinese are ready to welcome Chinese New Year after dahan. Spring Festival, China’s most important festival, falls at this time. After that, a new round of solar terms will start. 1．How do people from the northern part of China celebrate lidong? 2．What does daxue mean according to the text? 3．When does the shortest day of the year come in China? 4．What are Chinese people ready to do after dahan? 5．Of all the six solar terms in the text, which one do you like best? Why? Passage 14 （2026・衡水市桃城区・二模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Reducing Food Waste in Schools Food waste is a common problem in many schools. A survey showed that daily food waste in a middle school’s restaurant could meet the lunch needs of 200 students. Many students don’t realize food waste harms not only the environment but also our society. The way food is served can cause waste. For example, large portions (份) or too many choices make students take more food than they can eat. There are many things that schools can do to solve the problem. Schools can do a survey to find out which foods are wasted most: Workers can divide the waste into different kinds, weigh it and keep a record. Then, schools can reduce food waste by changing how they cook and serve food according to the survey results. For example, if the main cause of food waste is large portions, they can let students choose their own food instead of giving them a heavily laden tray (装得满满的盘子). Teaching students how to avoid food waste also helps. Schools can encourage students to form groups to plan activities like Cleaning Your Plate. Schools can also use apps or computer programs to encourage more students to join in and take action. Don’t forget to praise students who do well because it helps them stay excited and keep going. At last, recycle the food waste rather than simply throwing it away. The food that is left over can be managed more wisely. Collect it and give it away to local food banks or take part in composting (堆肥) programs that turn food waste into fertilizer (肥料) for school gardens. 1．What is food waste harmful to? 2．What can schools do to find out which foods are wasted most? 3．How can schools reduce food waste if the main cause is large portions? 4．Why should schools praise students who do well? 5．What will you do to help cut down on food waste at your school? Passage 15 （2026・邢台市・二模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste go into oceans and soil. Plastic does not break down easily. Instead, it becomes microplastics (微塑料), which are very small pieces of plastic. These microplastics enter the food chain (食物链) when animals eat them. Finally, they may harm our health. At the same time, chemical pollution is also a big problem. Factories release heavy metals (重金属) and pesticides (农药) into the environment. These chemicals pollute soil, water, and air. They kill animals and make people sick. We must take action now to stop pollution. Here are some suggestions. First, we should reduce the use of plastic. For example, we can use cloth bags instead of plastic bags. Second, we need to recycle plastic waste properly. Governments should build more recycling stations. Third, factories must follow strict rules to stop chemical pollution. They should clean waste water before pouring it out. Finally, we can plant more trees. Trees help clean the air and soil. Everyone can help. If we work together, we can make the Earth a cleaner and safer place. Let’s act now! 1．What do microplastics come from? 2．How does chemical pollution harm the environment? 3．Why should we use cloth bags instead of plastic bags? 4．What should factories do to stop chemical pollution? 5．What suggestion can you give to help stop plastic pollution? (Your answer should be different from the suggestions in the passage.) 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读表达 3年真题1年模拟 Passage 01 1．Because it helps them learn math in real life. 2．The activities in the holiday. 3．After they fail to pack everything in. 4．The questions from adults. 5．Going shopping can help. When children go shopping with their parents, they need to count the goods and calculate the total price of the goods, which can practice their calculation and counting skills. Passage 02 1．By calling the organization or visiting its website./ We can call the organization or visit its website./ … 2．Because it allows us to get ready for the interview./ It allows us to get ready for the interview./ … 3．Take a deep breath./ We can take a deep breath to relax ourselves./ … 4．Ask the interviewers to explain them further./ We should ask the interviewers to explain them further./ … 5．When can I get the result of the interview? / What should I do if I pass the interview?/ … Passage 03 1．animals and plants in nature 2．their arms and legs 3．It will change into a ball. 4．Velcro is used on everything from handbags to clothes. 5．①They have special structures. ②They help people to create helpful products. Passage 04 1．Harvard University 2．In the 18th century 3．I felt calm. 4．The perfect mix of tradition and new technology. 5．Yes. Because there are top-class scientists and professors and the best academic system in the world. I want to study in the university.（合理作答即可） Passage 05 1．Because he used to be crazy about eating junk food. 2．A TV show about poor kids. 3．He has tried to express himself to others and become more outgoing. 4．He advised her to do more sports to keep fit and train her mind. 5．示例：I used to be afraid of speaking in public, but now I can talk to people confidently. Passage 06 1．Appearance and thinking. 2．Realize their own feelings and find a trusted person to talk to. 3．To support one another. 4．By looking for the parts of the changes within their ability first. 5．I changed my school. I talked to my parents and teachers for help. (Answers may vary) Passage 07 1．By asking questions or repeating what he said./To ask questions or repeat what he said 2．Impolite language (, like “stupid” “foolish” or “silly”)./ We can’t use impolite language (, like “stupid” “foolish” or “silly”)./ We should avoid using impolite language (, like “stupid” “foolish” or “silly”)./… 3．The facts (instead of feelings). / We should stick to the facts (instead of feelings). 4．Because it builds strong relationships and communities. 5．I’d like to/ will / would… (if I have disagreements with others). Because… Passage 08 1．It will keep you in good spirits. 2．At night. 3．Because the light indoors is much weaker than sunlight, and going outside lets them get exercise, enjoy fresh air and feel happier. 4．To sit under bright artificial lights for some time. 5．Because it gives us warmth./Sunshine can make plants grow well, which brings us beautiful flowers and fresh food./… Passage 09 1．Sad./Very sad./She felt sad. 2．When it gets warm enough./When it is warm enough. 3．She did research on other sleeping bags and backpacks. 4．Because it makes us curious and teaches us how to ask, try, and fix things. 5．（示例）If we have a dream, we should try to make it come true./We can use science to help others. Passage 10 1．Clear Your Plate. 2．By taking a picture of their empty plates. 3．One month. 4．Because the AI had problems in identifying photos of empty plates. 5．It is meaningful. I can order less food and finish all the food on my plate. Passage 11 1．It refers to the situation where AI’s answers seem correct but are actually wrong. 2．Because the information AI learns from may be wrong. 3．It tries to guess. 4．They give AI rewards for giving an answer but no reward for saying “I don’t know”. 5．We should think about the three reasons above. Passage 12 1．Artificial intelligence (AI), smart home and new energy vehicles. 2．It can help students with their studies by providing educational resources. 3．They can remind people of food expiration. 4．Because they produce no harmful gases. 5．(示例) We should use technology to help us study and work, not waste time on it. / We should avoid using technology in a wrong way that harms others or the environment. Passage 13 1．They celebrate lidong by having dumplings and mutton soup. 2．Daxue means even more snow and bigger temperature drops. 3．The shortest day of the year comes at dongzhi in China. 4．Chinese people are ready to welcome Chinese New Year after dahan. 5．Lidong, because on that day I can eat delicious dumplings with my family. Passage 14 1．The environment and our society. 2．Do a survey, divide the waste into different kinds, weigh it and keep a record. 3．They can let students choose their own food instead of giving them a heavily laden tray. 4．Because it helps them stay excited and keep going. 5．I will take only the food I can eat and join the Cleaning Your Plate activity. Passage 15 1．Plastic waste. 2．It pollutes soil, water and air, kills animals and makes people sick. 3．To reduce the use of plastic. 4．Clean waste water before pouring it out. 5．We should not litter plastic waste. 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读表达 3年真题1年模拟 一、三年真题设问类型统计 设问类型 核心考查能力 2024年（共5题） 2025年（共5题） 2026年（共5题） 细节查找题 原文定位、信息提取 4 4 4 归纳概括题 整合信息、总结共性 1 0 0 开放表达题 迁移应用、观点输出 0 1 1 二、命题规律与 2026 年真题核心变化 三年真题语篇均以说明文为核心载体，题材逐步从科普知识向生活实践延伸：2024 年聚焦仿生学科普知识，2025 年为志愿面试实用建议，2026 年以 “打包行李学数学” 为主题，实现生活场景与跨学科知识的深度融合，完全契合新课标 “在真实情境中发展核心素养” 的培养要求。 题型层面，2024 年采用 “完成句子+简略回答” 混合命题形式，2025 年起统一为 5 道简略回答并延续至 2026 年，题型框架稳定成熟。2026 年最突出的变化在于开放题层级升级：由单纯的观点表达升级为 “举例+解释” 的综合运用任务，要求学生结合生活实际迁移知识，对思维品质和语言综合运用能力的考查显著强化。 Passage 01 （2026·河北·中考真题）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Packing for a family holiday often feels like a rush to remember necessary things like socks or medicine. However, for children, packing can be valuable because it helps them learn math in real life. Counting is a basic math skill. Before they pack, children should first think about the activities in the holiday. Different activities require different things. Then they will count the days about the trip and how many things they will take. For example, if swimming is included, they may need to take swimming clothes. If the trip lasts seven days, they will consider how many clothes they need. In this process (过程), they practice counting. Sometimes, the suitcase is not big enough. After they fail to pack everything in, children quickly learn the importance of space. They might try folding (折叠) their clothes in different ways to make them smaller. By trying again and again, children start to understand something like volume (容积). More importantly, the questions from adults can guide children toward deep thinking. For example, when the mother sees her child put milk and clothes together, she may ask her child if it is OK to do so. The child has to consider whether it is proper to pack that way. If not, the child will think about what the proper way is. Deep thinking is what children need when they solve difficult math problems. Learning math happens not only at a desk but also in other places. Therefore, when parents do housework, children should try to take part if possible. 1．Why can packing be valuable to children? 2．What should children first think about before they pack? 3．When do children quickly learn the importance of space according to paragraph 3? 4．What can guide children toward deep thinking when they pack? 5．What other daily activities can help children learn math? Give one example and explain. 【答案】1．Because it helps them learn math in real life. 2．The activities in the holiday. 3．After they fail to pack everything in. 4．The questions from adults. 5．Going shopping can help. When children go shopping with their parents, they need to count the goods and calculate the total price of the goods, which can practice their calculation and counting skills. 【导语】本文主要讲述了打包行李这一家庭活动如何帮助孩子在现实生活中学习数学技能，如计数、空间感和深度思考，并建议孩子参与家务。 【详解】 1．文章第1段提到“for children, packing can be valuable because it helps them learn math in real life”，可知打包对孩子有价值是因为能帮助他们在现实生活中学习数学。 2．文章第2段提到“Before they pack, children should first think about the activities in the holiday.”，可知打包前孩子应先考虑假期活动。 3．文章第3段提到“After they fail to pack everything in, children quickly learn the importance of space.”，可知当孩子没能把所有东西装进去时能快速学到空间的重要性。 4．文章第4段提到”the questions from adults can guide children toward deep thinking”，可知成年人的问题能引导孩子深度思考。 5．本题为开放性试题，结合实际，言之有理即可。 Passage 02 （2025·河北·中考真题）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 We may have an interview for our volunteer work. And the following suggestions will help make the interview a success. We should do some research on the volunteer work. We can call the organization or visit its website to find out some information about it. It’s also important for us to think about what questions the interviewers may ask. It will help us to keep the interview going smoothly. When leaving for the interview, we must remember to take everything we need. And we’re supposed to be at the interview about 30 minutes early. It allows us to get ready for the interview. Before we go into the interview room, we can take a deep breath to relax ourselves. When we hear someone ask us to go inside, we can enter the room. We should greet the interviewers with a smile and stand until they ask us to sit down. In answering questions, we had better be confident to show our talent and skills. It’s important to look into the interviewers’ eyes even if we are very nervous and shy. If we can’t understand the interviewers’ questions, it’s OK to ask the interviewers to explain them further. Before the interview is over, the interviewers usually invite us to ask some questions. We can ask a question about the work or the interview. For example, “What kind of training do you offer to volunteers?” We are supposed to thank the interviewers before we leave. With these suggestions, we will have a good chance of getting volunteer work. 1．How can we do research on the volunteer work? 2．Why are we supposed to be at the interview early? 3．What can we do to relax ourselves before we go into the interview room? 4．What should we do if we can’t understand the interviewers’ questions? 5．What question do you want to ask the interviewers before the interview is over? (Your question should be different from the underlined one in the text.) 【答案】1．By calling the organization or visiting its website./ We can call the organization or visit its website./ … 2．Because it allows us to get ready for the interview./ It allows us to get ready for the interview./ … 3．Take a deep breath./ We can take a deep breath to relax ourselves./ … 4．Ask the interviewers to explain them further./ We should ask the interviewers to explain them further./ … 5．When can I get the result of the interview? / What should I do if I pass the interview?/ … 【导语】本文主要讲述了如何成功应对志愿者工作面试的建议。 【详解】 1．根据“We can call the organization or visit its website to find out some information about it”可知，我们可以通过打电话给组织或访问其网站来了解相关信息。故填By calling the organization or visiting its website./ We can call the organization or visit its website./ … 2．根据“It allows us to get ready for the interview”可知，提前到达可以让我们为面试做好准备。故填Because it allows us to get ready for the interview./ It allows us to get ready for the interview./ … 3．根据“we can take a deep breath to relax ourselves”可知，我们可以深呼吸来放松自己。故填Take a deep breath./ We can take a deep breath to relax ourselves./ … 4．根据“it’s OK to ask the interviewers to explain them further”可知，可以请面试官进一步解释问题。故填Ask the interviewers to explain them further./ We should ask the interviewers to explain them further./ … 5．开放性作答，言之有理即可。参考答案为When can I get the result of the interview? / What should I do if I pass the interview?/ … Passage 03 （2024·河北·中考真题）阅读下面短文，按要求完成下面小题。 Nature has many ways to solve problems. We humans learn a lot from animals and plants in nature. There is a science about how we copy great ideas from animals and plants to create helpful products. It is called biomimetics (仿生学) . Some animals such as this sugar glider have wing-like structures (结构) to help them fly from tree to tree. When they jump, they spread out their arms and legs to help them fly down easily. Wing-suits, a kind of clothes, can let people experience flying. The idea of these clothes comes from the sugar glider. Some animals have structures used for self-protection. An armadillo has a hard cover that can protect it from other dangerous animals. When an armadillo feels that it is in danger, it will change into a ball. Once the dangerous animal goes away, it comes out of the ball. The armadillo has taught people to create a backpack with a hard surface. The surface of the backpack protects things inside from being broken. Plants have helped people come up with amazing inventions, too. Perhaps the best-known example is Velcro (尼龙搭扣) . It includes two pieces of cloth. They stick to each other when they are pressed together. Velcro is used on everything from handbags to clothes. The idea of Velcro is from burrs (带芒刺的小果实) of a plant. They have special structures to allow themselves to stick to people’s clothing or hair. They are taken to other places in this way. From these examples, we can see biomimetics is widely used in our daily life. What other problems will nature help us solve in the future? Let’s wait and see! 1、2题完成句子； 3-5题简略回答问题。 1．We humans learn a lot from . 2．The sugar gliders spread out to help them fly down easily. 3．What will an armadillo do if it feels that it is in danger? 4．Where is Velcro used? 5．What do the kind of plant and two kinds of animals in the text have in common?  (依据短文内容从两个不同的方面回答) 【答案】1．animals and plants in nature 2．their arms and legs 3．It will change into a ball. 4．Velcro is used on everything from handbags to clothes. 5．①They have special structures. ②They help people to create helpful products. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了三种具有特殊结构并且能够帮助人们创造有用产品的动植物。文章告诉我们仿生学在我们的日常生活中得到了广泛的应用。 1．根据“We humans learn a lot from animals and plants in nature.”可知，我们人类从自然界的动植物身上学到了很多东西。故填animals and plants in nature。 2．根据“When they jump, they spread out their arms and legs to help them fly down easily.”可知，当它们跳跃时，它们张开胳膊和腿，帮助它们轻松地飞下来。故填their arms and legs。 3．根据“When an armadillo feels that it is in danger, it will change into a ball.”可知，当犰狳感觉到自己处于危险之中时，它会变成一个球。故填It will change into a ball. 4．根据“Velcro is used on everything from handbags to clothes.”可知，尼龙搭扣被用于从手提包到衣服的所有东西上。故填Velcro is used on everything from handbags to clothes. 5．根据“Some animals such as this sugar glider have wing-like structures (结构) to help them fly from tree to tree”、“Some animals have structures used for self-protection.”及“They have special structures to allow themselves to stick to people’s clothing or hair.”可知，它们都具有特殊的结构；根据“Wing-suits, a kind of clothes, can let people experience flying. The idea of these clothes comes from the sugar glider.”、“The armadillo has taught people to create a backpack with a hard surface.”及“The idea of Velcro is from burrs (带芒刺的小果实) of a plant.”可知，它们都帮助人们创造出了有帮助的产品。故填①They have special structures. ②They help people to create helpful products. Passage 04 （2026・邯郸市・二模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Recently I have paid a visit to Harvard University where there are top-class scientists and professors and the best academic system in the world. I was pretty shocked when I first stepped onto the campus. Well, it’s not even really a campus. It’s more like a district in a small town. Harvard’s main buildings are from the 18th century. They look very old and simple. You might even say they are a little shabby. They don’t fit the modern idea of university at all. The buildings are surrounded by grass and trees, so I felt as if I had walked into a medieval castle. But when I looked across the street, busy shops and in-fashion students made me feel like I was in the 21st century again. It creates a strong contrast and brings a special atmosphere to the school. Our tour guide Gary took us around and told us, “You see this grass field in the center of the school? Here is where they host their graduation ceremony. They just set up tents and benches and have a very simple ceremony.” Unbelievable!! Who would think the most talented students just graduate on the lawn? I saw some students put a blanket on the grass and lie down to read a book. When I listened to the soft sound of pages turning, along with the singing of birds, I felt very calm. There was no competitive feeling at all. Harvard had the world’s first computer in its science center and there are hundreds of high-end computers too. Its religion and literature departments are also among the best. It is the perfect mix of tradition and new technology. It makes Harvard a very attractive place to study in. I hope one day I will attend my dream school—Harvard. 1．Where have I visited recently? 2．When were the main buildings built in the university? 3．How did I feel when I listened to the soft sound of pages turning, along with the singing of birds? 4．What makes Harvard a very attractive place to study in? 5．Would you like to go to Harvard to study? Why? 【答案】1．Harvard University 2．In the 18th century 3．I felt calm. 4．The perfect mix of tradition and new technology. 5．Yes. Because there are top-class scientists and professors and the best academic system in the world. I want to study in the university.（合理作答即可） 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者最近参观哈佛大学的经历，描述了哈佛的建筑特色、学习氛围、设施条件以及作者对哈佛的印象和向往。 【详解】 1．文章首段明确提到“Recently I have paid a visit to Harvard University...”，可直接提取答案。 2．文章第三段开头点明“Harward’s main buildings are from the 18th century”，据此得出建筑建造时间。 3．文章第五段记载“When I listened to the soft sound of pages turning, along with the singing of birds, I felt very calm”，直接提取作者的感受作为答案。 4．文章第六段结尾指出“It is the perfect mix of tradition and new technology. It makes Harvard a very attractive place to study in”，可直接提炼核心答案。 5．本题为开放性试题，结合文中哈佛的顶尖师资、优质学术体系、独特校园氛围、传统与科技融合的办学优势等内容，简洁合理作答即可。 Passage 05 （2026・唐山路南・二模）People are always changing. Many people have changed a lot. They change themselves because of different reasons. Let’s see the following people talking about their changes. Dave: When I was in primary school, I used to be crazy about eating junk food, so I was very heavy. Then one day I realized I should change myself, so I exercised more and gave up junk food. Now I’ve got thinner and healthier. Lucy: In the past, I used to spend all of my pocket money on snacks and beautiful clothes. About two years ago, a TV show about poor kids impressed me. I decided to do something good with my money. Now I’m used to giving away most of my pocket money to charity (慈善机构). Eric: I used to be afraid to talk to anyone else. My parents were worried about me a lot. Then one day I read a book named 30 Days—change your habits, change your life. Since then, I’ve tried to express myself to others. I’ve become more outgoing. Mary: I used to hate P.E. and was often absent from P.E. lessons. Later, my P.E. teacher Mr. Li advised me to do more sports to keep fit and train my mind. I thought he might be right and I fell in love with sports. Now I look forward to P.E. lessons and I can play soccer very well. 1．Why was Dave too heavy when he was in primary school? 2．What has changed Lucy’s way of spending pocket money? 3．How has Eric changed since he read 30 Days— change your habits, change your life? 4．What did Mr. Li advise Mary to do? 5．Write about one of your changes with “used to”. 【答案】1．Because he used to be crazy about eating junk food. 2．A TV show about poor kids. 3．He has tried to express himself to others and become more outgoing. 4．He advised her to do more sports to keep fit and train her mind. 5．示例：I used to be afraid of speaking in public, but now I can talk to people confidently. 【导语】本文主要讲述了人们因不同原因发生改变的现象，并通过 Dave、Lucy、Eric、Mary 四位同学的分享，介绍了他们各自的变化及背后原因，展现了成长过程中积极的自我提升。 【详解】 1．文中Dave的部分直接说明“When I was in primary school, I used to be crazy about eating junk food, so I was very heavy.”，因此答案是原文直接信息。 2．文中Lucy的部分明确指出“About two years ago, a TV show about poor kids made me impressed. I decided to do something good with my money.”，这是原文中的关键信息，可直接提取。 3．文中Eric的部分提到“Since then, I’ve tried to express myself to others. I’ve become more outgoing.”，这是原文直接给出的变化结果，可直接作答。 4．文中Mary的部分直接给出了老师的建议“Later, my P.E. teacher Mr. Li advised me to do more sports to keep fit and train my mind.”，答案几乎是原文引述。 5．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，但需要使用“used to”结构描述自己的一个变化，结合生活实际，合理表述过去与现在的不同即可。 Passage 06 （2026・石家庄市・二模）Experiencing changes is a common part of life. People change with age, not only in appearance (外貌) but also in thinking. These are natural changes and it would be surprising without them. We also experience changes because of alterations (改变) in the environment. These can sometimes influence us. People can do a number of things when facing big changes. Most importantly, they need to realize their own feelings about things and find a trusted person to talk to. People hope these people will be able to offer support during the period of change. People respond (应对) to changes differently. Some people really enjoy the idea of a change and a challenge. To support one another, people need to be sensitive (敏感的) to other people’s feelings. After all, something exciting for one person may be very worrying for someone else. Most people feel nervous or worried about some things, but feel very confident about others. Knowing these parts of yourself can help you deal with changes. You can first look for the parts of the changes within your ability. This can help you deal with the parts of the changes beyond your comfort zone. It can sometimes help to look back at your life so far and see your way of dealing with all the changes you have already experienced. 1．What natural changes do people have with age? 2．What should people do when facing big changes? 3．Why do people need to be sensitive to others’ feelings? 4．How can people deal with the parts of change beyond their confidence? 5．What changes have you had recently? How did you deal with them? 【答案】 1．Appearance and thinking. 2．Realize their own feelings and find a trusted person to talk to. 3．To support one another. 4．By looking for the parts of the changes within their ability first. 5．I changed my school. I talked to my parents and teachers for help. (Answers may vary) 【导语】本文主要讲述了变化是生活中常见的一部分，人们随年龄和环境会发生改变，并给出了面对变化时的应对建议。 【详解】 1．文中第一段“People change with age, not only in appearance but also in thinking.”明确指出人们随年龄发生的自然变化包括外貌和思维，可直接从原文得出答案。 2．第二段“Most importantly, they need to realize their own feelings about things and find a trusted person to talk to.”明确说明面对大变化时人们应意识到感受并找信任的人交谈，答案可直接提取原文。 3．文章第三段“…To support one another, people need to be sensitive to other people’s feelings.”直接表明不同人对变化的反应不同，对一个人来说刺激的事对另一个可能是令人担忧的，敏感感知他人情绪能帮助互相支持，根据原文内容整理得出原因。 4．根据文章第四段“You can first look for the parts of the changes within your ability. This can help you deal with the parts of the changes beyond your comfort zone.”可知处理超出信心部分的变化要先从能力范围内的部分入手，答案是原文直接信息。 5．本题是开放性试题，结合自身实际作答，应对方式可参考文中建议，表述合理即可。 Passage 07 （2026・秦皇岛市海港区・一模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Everyone may have disagreements with others, sometimes about small things like what game to play, but sometimes about more serious subjects. Disagreements are uncomfortable. Here are some ways to make your conversation meaningful. Be a good listener Even if you disagree with someone, you should be a good listener. To show you’re listening, you can look into his eyes and listen with interest. Another way to show that you’re listening is by asking questions or repeating what he said. You can start by saying, “OK. I understand you, you are saying…” Use polite language When someone has an opinion you don’t agree with, don’t mind it too much. Avoid using impolite language, like “stupid” “foolish” or “silly”. Instead, focus on speaking calmly. For example, you may begin with “I feel” or “I see this another way.” Stick to the facts If you have a strong opinion, it’s better to stick to the facts instead of feelings. Start by asking if you can share your opinion. If you are stopped by someone, you can remind him that it’s your turn to speak. Find common ground If you find that you can’t change each other, look for the points you both agree on. This way, you can understand each other’s opinion clearly. As we all know, healthy communication is worth the effort because it builds strong relationships and communities. 1．What is the second way to show you are listening? 2．What kind of language can’t we use when we have different opinions? 3．What should we stick to if we have a strong opinion? 4．Why is healthy communication worth the effort? 5．What would you like to do if you have disagreement with others? Why? 【答案】1．By asking questions or repeating what he said./To ask questions or repeat what he said 2．Impolite language (, like “stupid” “foolish” or “silly”)./ We can’t use impolite language (, like “stupid” “foolish” or “silly”)./ We should avoid using impolite language (, like “stupid” “foolish” or “silly”)./… 3．The facts (instead of feelings). / We should stick to the facts (instead of feelings). 4．Because it builds strong relationships and communities. 5．I’d like to/ will / would… (if I have disagreements with others). Because… 【导语】本文主要介绍了与他人发生分歧时，让沟通更有意义的几种方法，包括做一个好的倾听者、使用礼貌用语、坚持事实、寻找共同点，并强调健康沟通对建立良好关系的重要性。 1．依据原文第二段“Another way to show that you’re listening is by asking questions or repeating what he said.”，可知第二种方法是“by asking questions or repeating what he said”。因此答案是原文直接信息。 2．依据原文第三段“Avoid using impolite language, like ‘stupid’ ‘foolish’ or ‘silly’.”，可知不能使用“impolite language”。这是原文中的具体信息，直接提取。 3．根据原文第四段“If you have a strong opinion, it’s better to stick to the facts instead of feelings.”，可知我们应该坚持的是“the facts”。因此答案是原文直接信息。 4．依据原文最后一段“As we all know, healthy communication is worth the effort because it builds strong relationships and communities.”，可知健康的沟通值得付出努力的原因是“it builds strong relationships and communities”。因此答案是原文直接信息。 5．依据原文提到“Find common ground”是解决分歧的方法之一，结合自身理解作答即可，答案不唯一，合理即可。 Passage 08 （2026・保定市莲池区・一模）Sunshine does make people happier. Imagine how cheerful you are when it clears up after long cold rainy days. Let’s discover the science behind sunlight. Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical called serotonin (血清素). When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin. Higher levels of serotonin will keep you in good spirits. At night, when there is little or no light, your body produces another chemical—melatonin (褪黑激素). It helps your body relax and will make you feel tired, which can prepare you for a good night’s sleep. You should keep a good balance between these two chemicals. However, for many people, it is hard to balance sunlight with darkness. The light in a house is usually about 100 times less than that outside on a sunny day. That’s why those people who stay indoors a lot should get outside in the sunshine. They can get some exercise, enjoy the fresh air and be happy, all at the same time. There are places where it gets dark for a long time in winter. People in those places are easier to get seasonal affective disorder (SAD). People with SAD usually go through bad experiences such as low energy and sadness. The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial lights for some time. The roles that sunshine plays in people’s life are more than those above. For example, your body produces Vitamin D from sunlight, which is important for being healthy. In fact, there is more science about sunlight for you to discover. So next time, when you notice the sunshine on your shoulder, take a moment to think, “Why do we love sunshine?” 1．What will happen if your body has more serotonin? 2．When does our body produce melatonin? 3．Why do people who stay indoors need to go out for sunshine? 4．What is the most common treatment for people with SAD? 5．Why do we love sunshine? (Your answer should be different from the reasons in the text.) 【答案】 1．It will keep you in good spirits. 2．At night. 3．Because the light indoors is much weaker than sunlight, and going outside lets them get exercise, enjoy fresh air and feel happier. 4．To sit under bright artificial lights for some time. 5．Because it gives us warmth./Sunshine can make plants grow well, which brings us beautiful flowers and fresh food./… 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了阳光影响人体健康与情绪的科学原理，包括血清素、褪黑激素的作用，以及季节性情感障碍的成因与改善方法，同时阐述了阳光在促进维生素D合成等方面的其他益处。 【详解】 1．根据文章第二段中“Higher levels of serotonin will keep you in good spirits.答案是原文信息，直接提取。 2．根据文章第二段中“At night, when there is little or no light, your body produces another chemical—melatonin.答案是原文信息，直接提取。 3．根据文章第三段中“The light in a house is usually about 100 times less than that outside on a sunny day. That’s why those people who stay indoors a lot should get outside in the sunshine. They can get some exercise, enjoy the fresh air and be happy, all at the same time.答案是原文信息，直接提取。 4．根据文章第四段中“The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial lights for some time.答案是原文信息，直接提取。 5．开放性试题，答案不唯一。文中提到了阳光让人快乐、帮助睡眠、提供维生素D等原因，题目要求给出文中未提及的理由。结合生活常识，阳光还能提供温暖或帮助植物生长等。 Passage 09 （2026・张家口市・二模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Rebecca Young, now age 13, designed a solar-powered blanket (太阳能毯) and won first prize among 70,000 students in the UK Primary Engineer competition. Where did you get the idea? When I would go outside in the winter months, I always saw homeless people with very little to stay warm. It always made me so sad. I wanted to come up with something that could help them. How does your invention work? My solar-powered blanket takes sunlight during the day and stores it into a battery (电池) . At night, the blanket uses the energy it saved. It turns off when it gets warm enough so it won’t get too hot. How did you bring your idea to life? I did research on other sleeping bags and backpacks and then created a drawing for the competition. After I won, the engineers actually built a real model of my idea. It uses copper wires (铜线) to make the blankets warm, and solar panels (太阳能板) to collect energy from the sun. I made something that might one day help a person on the street. That thought is amazing to me. Why do you love science? Science is great because it makes us curious and teaches us how to ask, try, and fix things. I want kids to know: if they can dream it, they can make it real. Nothing is impossible! 1．How did Rebecca feel when she saw homeless people with very little to stay warm? 2．When will the solar-powered blanket turn itself off? 3．What did Rebecca do before she created a drawing for the competition? 4．Why does Rebecca love science? 5．What can you learn from Rebecca’s story? 【答案】1．Sad./Very sad./She felt sad. 2．When it gets warm enough./When it is warm enough. 3．She did research on other sleeping bags and backpacks. 4．Because it makes us curious and teaches us how to ask, try, and fix things. 5．（示例）If we have a dream, we should try to make it come true./We can use science to help others. 【导语】本文主要是13岁的英国女孩Rebecca Young分享了自己发明太阳能毯帮助无家可归者的灵感来源、工作原理、实现过程以及她对科学的热爱。 【详解】 1．第二段“Where did you get the idea?”。直接提取原文句子“It always made me so sad.”，得出答案。 2．第三段“How does your invention work?”。直接提取原文句子“It turns off when it gets warm enough”，得出答案。 3．第四段“How did you bring your idea to life?”。直接提取原文句子“I did research on other sleeping bags and backpacks and then created a drawing”，得出答案。 4．第五段“Why do you love science?”。直接提取原文句子“Science is great because it makes us curious and teaches us how to ask, try, and fix things.”，得出答案。 5．属于开放观点题。结合文中关键事实：她因同情无家可归者而发明太阳能毯、她相信“if they can dream it, they can make it real”，可概括为We can use science to help others/If we have a dream, we should work hard to make it come true. Passage 10 （2026・保定市・一模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Many actions have been taken to fight against food waste, but one young man is making a big difference with technology. Liu Jichen, 23, a student from Tsinghua University, has developed a WeChat mini programme called Clear Your Plate. After a meal, users can open the mini-programme and take a picture of their empty plates. And then, users can collect points and use them to buy gifts or meals given away to children in poor areas. Liu and his team started the “Clear Your Plate” campaign (行动) in November for the fifth year. Over 1,017 universities all over the country joined in it. The one-month campaign interested almost 1.6 million people and reduced food waste by 862 tons, China Youth Daily reported. “Technological innovation (创新) is a good way to reduce food waste,” Liu thought. He organized a team of 20 members to work on the project at the end of 2019. The AI had problems in identifying (识别) photos of empty plates, so the team spent half a year collecting over 100,000 samples (样本) in restaurants. The mini-programme was put in use on Oct. 16th, 2020, World Food Day. They then launched a campaign later that year. Now, the mini programme has more than 5 million users. “We hope our efforts can start a new idea among the young people by encouraging them to value their food and develop the habit of saving food.” Liu said. “Through the campaign, we hope to encourage everyone to take action against food waste and to offer Chinese wisdom to solve global food problems.” he added. 1．What is the name of Liu Jichen’s WeChat mini-programme? 2．How do users get points on this mini-programme? 3．How long does the campaign last each year? 4．Why did the team collect samples in restaurants? 5．What do you think of this campaign? How can you save food in your daily life? 【答案】 1．Clear Your Plate. 2．By taking a picture of their empty plates. 3．One month. 4．Because the AI had problems in identifying photos of empty plates. 5．It is meaningful. I can order less food and finish all the food on my plate. 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了清华大学学生刘济琛开发“光盘打卡”微信小程序，利用科技创新鼓励人们节约粮食、减少浪费的故事。 【详解】 1．文章第二段明确指出“Liu Jichen, 23, a student from Tsinghua University, has developed a WeChat mini programme called Clear Your Plate.”这是原文中的具体小程序名称，直接提取。 2．文章第二段明确指出“After a meal, users can open the…users can collect points.”答案为原文信息，直接提取，并在句首用By加动词现在分词表示通过某种方式。 3．文章第三段明确指出“The one-month campaign interested…China Youth Daily reported..”这是原文中的具体时间，直接提取。 4．文章第四段明确给出团队收集餐馆样品的原因“The AI had problems in…over 100,000 samples.”答案为原文信息，直接提取，并在句首用Because引导原因状语从句。 5．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，但观点需基于文章事实。结合文章内容和自己对文中行动的看法以及在日常生活中如何节约食物，合理作答即可。文章最后一段指出“We hope our efforts can…develop the habit of saving food.” 活动旨在倡导节约，鼓励年轻人珍惜食物，说明这个行动是非常有意义的，在日常生活中我们应该不浪费食物，吃完每餐的食物。可填It is meaningful. I can order less food and finish all the food on my plate. Passage 11 （2026・唐山市开平区・二模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Do you think AI’s answers are always correct? The answer is “No”. Sometimes its answers may seem correct while they are actually wrong. Scientists call this “AI hallucination (幻觉)”. Why does AI hallucinate? Scientists have found several reasons. First, the information AI learns from may be wrong. Think of the internet as a huge library. AI learns by reading the “books” in it. Some of these “books” have mistakes, and AI copies them without knowing they are wrong. Second, AI tries to guess when it doesn’t know the answer for sure. AI finds patterns in things and uses them to make guesses. However, for some questions, guessing is not possible. For example, in a class of 50 students, knowing the birthdays of 49 students does not help you guess the last one’s birthday. AI faces the same problem—some things cannot be known by guessing. Third, AI developers don’t teach AI to say “I don’t know”. Why not? Because they worry fewer people will turn to AI for help if it often says “I don’t know”. Then how do they train AI? They give AI rewards (奖励) for giving an answer—even a wrong one, but no reward for saying “I don’t know”. That’s why AI would rather make up an answer than admit (承认) it doesn’t know. Remember: AI is a useful tool, but it is not always right. So what can we do? Think about the three reasons above. You may find the answer. 1．What is “AI hallucination”? 2．Why are AI’s answers sometimes wrong according to paragraph 3? 3．What does AI do when it doesn’t know the answer for sure? 4．How do AI developers train AI not to say “I don’t know.”? 5．AI’s answers are not always correct. What should we do to deal with this problem? 【答案】 1．It refers to the situation where AI’s answers seem correct but are actually wrong. 2．Because the information AI learns from may be wrong. 3．It tries to guess. 4．They give AI rewards for giving an answer but no reward for saying “I don’t know”. 5．We should think about the three reasons above. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了AI 幻觉的含义，详细说明了人工智能给出错误答案的三大原因，最后提醒我们 AI 并非永远正确，使用时要理性辨别、仔细核对。        【详解】 1．第一段明确解释“AI hallucination”是“Sometimes its answers may seem correct while they are actually wrong”，整合为定义即可。 2．第三段指出“the information AI learns from may be wrong...Some of these ‘books’ have mistakes, and AI copies them without knowing they are wrong”，直接引用原因。 3．第四段提到“AI tries to guess when it doesn’t know the answer for sure. AI finds patterns in things and uses them to make guesses”，提取核心行为“tries to guess by finding patterns”。 4．第五段明确“They give AI rewards for giving an answer—even a wrong one, but no reward for saying ‘I don’t know’”，直接回答训练方式。 5．第六段指出“Think about the three reasons above”，直接提取答案。 Passage 12 （2026・唐山市路南区・一模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Modern Technology: Changing Our Life for the Better In the modern world, technology is developing rapidly and has become an important part of our daily life. It has greatly changed how we live, work and study, bringing convenience and progress to people all over the world. Among all modern technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), smart home and new energy vehicles are the most common and influential ones in our daily life. AI is widely used in many fields. It can recognize human voices, help students with their studies by providing educational resources, and assist workers in finishing difficult tasks more efficiently. Smart home systems make our life easier: smart lights adjust brightness automatically, smart refrigerators remind us of food expiration, and smart sweepers clean houses without people’s help. New energy vehicles are environmentally friendly, producing no harmful gases, and their intelligent navigation systems can help drivers find the best routes quickly. These technologies not only make our life more convenient but also promote social development. They save our time, reduce environmental pollution and help us solve many difficult problems. With the continuous development of technology, we can look forward to a smarter and better future. However, we should also use technology properly to avoid its negative effects. 1．What are the most common and influential modern technologies in daily life? 2．How can AI help students according to the passage? 3．What can smart refrigerators do for people? 4．Why are new energy vehicles environmentally friendly? 5．What do you think we should do to use modern technology properly? 【答案】1．Artificial intelligence (AI), smart home and new energy vehicles. 2．It can help students with their studies by providing educational resources. 3．They can remind people of food expiration. 4．Because they produce no harmful gases. 5．(示例) We should use technology to help us study and work, not waste time on it. / We should avoid using technology in a wrong way that harms others or the environment. 【导语】本文主要介绍了人工智能、智能家居、新能源汽车这几种对日常生活影响重大的现代科技，说明了它们给人们生活带来的便利与积极作用，同时也提醒人们要合理使用科技，避免其带来的负面影响。 【详解】 1．第一段指出“artificial intelligence (AI), smart home and new energy vehicles are the most common and influential ones in our daily life”，说明人工智能、智能家居、新能源汽车是日常生活中最常见和影响最大的现代技术。答案直接提取即可。 2．第2段指出“It can recognize human voices, help students with their studies by providing educational resources"它能识别人声，通过提供教育资源帮助学生学习。答案直接提取即可。 3．第2段指出“smart refrigerators remind us of food expiration”智能冰箱会提醒我们食物快过期了。答案直接提取即可。 4．第二段指出“New energy vehicles are environmentally friendly, producing no harmful gases”新能源汽车非常环保，不会产生任何有害气体。答案直接提取即可。 5．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，但观点需基于文中事实，文中提到 “we should also use technology properly to avoid its negative effects”。因此，只要遵循这个观点言之有理即可。 Passage 13 （2026・石家庄市新华区・一模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 It’s wintertime. In China, November, December, January and February are winter months. They include six solar terms (节气): lidong (Beginning of Winter), xiaoxue (Minor Snow), daxue (Major Snow), dongzhi (Winter Solstice), xiaohan (Minor Cold) and dahan (Major Cold). Winter begins at lidong (Nov 7 — 8), after which most parts of the country can start to expect cold weather. On this day, after a year of hard work, people are happy to take a break and spend some time with family. The northern part of China celebrates lidong by having dumplings and mutton soup. Xiaoxue (Nov 22 — 23) and daxue (Dec 6 — 8) come after lidong. During xiaoxue, northern China can expect snow and temperatures to slowly fall below 0℃. Daxue means even more snow and bigger temperature drops. At dongzhi (Dec 21 — 23), the shortest day of the year and the longest night come in China. Many places around the country can expect the coldest weather yet. Ancient Chinese people would often start counting “nine cold periods (数九寒天)” starting from dongzhi. Every cold period has nine days. They believed that after 81 cold days, spring would arrive. Xiaohan (Jan 4 — 6) usually brings the lowest temperatures of the year. There may be high winds and sleet (雨雪). Finally, during dahan (Jan 19 — 21), the sleety weather fills the fields with snow. All Chinese are ready to welcome Chinese New Year after dahan. Spring Festival, China’s most important festival, falls at this time. After that, a new round of solar terms will start. 1．How do people from the northern part of China celebrate lidong? 2．What does daxue mean according to the text? 3．When does the shortest day of the year come in China? 4．What are Chinese people ready to do after dahan? 5．Of all the six solar terms in the text, which one do you like best? Why? 【答案】1．They celebrate lidong by having dumplings and mutton soup. 2．Daxue means even more snow and bigger temperature drops. 3．The shortest day of the year comes at dongzhi in China. 4．Chinese people are ready to welcome Chinese New Year after dahan. 5． Lidong, because on that day I can eat delicious dumplings with my family. 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国冬季的特点和六个冬季节气。 【详解】 1．根据第二段最后一句“The northern part of China celebrates lidong by having dumplings and mutton soup.”可知，中国北方地区以吃饺子和羊肉汤来庆祝立冬。 2．根据第三段最后一句“Daxue means even more snow and bigger temperature drops.”可知，大雪意味着更多的雪和更大的气温下降。 3．根据第四段首句“At dongzhi (Dec 21 — 23), the shortest day of the year and the longest night come in China.”可知，冬至这天是中国一年中白天最短、黑夜最长的一天。 4．根据最后一段中“All Chinese are ready to welcome Chinese New Year after dahan.”可知，大寒之后，中国人准备迎接中国新年。 5．开放性题目，答案不唯一，根据文章介绍的六个冬季节气，选出最喜欢的一个，并说明理由，表述合理即可。 Passage 14 （2026・衡水市桃城区・二模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Reducing Food Waste in Schools Food waste is a common problem in many schools. A survey showed that daily food waste in a middle school’s restaurant could meet the lunch needs of 200 students. Many students don’t realize food waste harms not only the environment but also our society. The way food is served can cause waste. For example, large portions (份) or too many choices make students take more food than they can eat. There are many things that schools can do to solve the problem. Schools can do a survey to find out which foods are wasted most: Workers can divide the waste into different kinds, weigh it and keep a record. Then, schools can reduce food waste by changing how they cook and serve food according to the survey results. For example, if the main cause of food waste is large portions, they can let students choose their own food instead of giving them a heavily laden tray (装得满满的盘子). Teaching students how to avoid food waste also helps. Schools can encourage students to form groups to plan activities like Cleaning Your Plate. Schools can also use apps or computer programs to encourage more students to join in and take action. Don’t forget to praise students who do well because it helps them stay excited and keep going. At last, recycle the food waste rather than simply throwing it away. The food that is left over can be managed more wisely. Collect it and give it away to local food banks or take part in composting (堆肥) programs that turn food waste into fertilizer (肥料) for school gardens. 1．What is food waste harmful to? 2．What can schools do to find out which foods are wasted most? 3．How can schools reduce food waste if the main cause is large portions? 4．Why should schools praise students who do well? 5．What will you do to help cut down on food waste at your school? 【答案】1．The environment and our society. 2．Do a survey, divide the waste into different kinds, weigh it and keep a record. 3．They can let students choose their own food instead of giving them a heavily laden tray. 4．Because it helps them stay excited and keep going. 5．I will take only the food I can eat and join the Cleaning Your Plate activity. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了学校食物浪费的现状及其危害，并详细介绍了学校可以通过调查、改变供餐方式、教育学生以及回收浪费食物等措施来减少食物浪费。 【详解】 1．第1段提到：“Many students don’t realize food waste harms not only the environment but also our society.”，说明食物浪费危害环境和社会。 2．第2段提到：“Schools can do a survey to find out which foods are wasted most”，说明学校可以通过做调查来了解情况。 3．第3段提到：“if the main cause of food waste is large portions, they can let students choose their own food instead of giving them a heavily laden tray.”，明确给出减少食物浪费的做法是让学生自己选择食物。 4．第4段说明原因：“Don’t forget to praise students who do well because it helps them stay excited and keep going.”，说明表扬能帮助学生保持热情并坚持行动。 5．本题为开放性试题，结合文章主题“减少食物浪费”，回答合理即可。 Passage 15 （2026・邢台市・二模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste go into oceans and soil. Plastic does not break down easily. Instead, it becomes microplastics (微塑料), which are very small pieces of plastic. These microplastics enter the food chain (食物链) when animals eat them. Finally, they may harm our health. At the same time, chemical pollution is also a big problem. Factories release heavy metals (重金属) and pesticides (农药) into the environment. These chemicals pollute soil, water, and air. They kill animals and make people sick. We must take action now to stop pollution. Here are some suggestions. First, we should reduce the use of plastic. For example, we can use cloth bags instead of plastic bags. Second, we need to recycle plastic waste properly. Governments should build more recycling stations. Third, factories must follow strict rules to stop chemical pollution. They should clean waste water before pouring it out. Finally, we can plant more trees. Trees help clean the air and soil. Everyone can help. If we work together, we can make the Earth a cleaner and safer place. Let’s act now! 1．What do microplastics come from? 2．How does chemical pollution harm the environment? 3．Why should we use cloth bags instead of plastic bags? 4．What should factories do to stop chemical pollution? 5．What suggestion can you give to help stop plastic pollution? (Your answer should be different from the suggestions in the passage.) 【答案】 1．Plastic waste. 2．It pollutes soil, water and air, kills animals and makes people sick. 3．To reduce the use of plastic. 4．Clean waste water before pouring it out. 5．We should not litter plastic waste. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了塑料污染和化学污染的危害，并提出了停止污染、保护环境的建议。 【详解】 1．第一段“...plastic waste go into oceans and soil ... Instead, it becomes microplastics ”可推知，微塑料来源于塑料废物，即Plastic waste. 2．第二段“These chemicals pollute soil, water, and air.  They kill animals and make people sick.”直接给出答案，化学污染污染土壤、水和空气，杀死动物并使人患病。注意第三人称谓语动词变化。 3．第四段“First, we should reduce the use of plastic. For example, we can use cloth bags instead of plastic bags.”可知答案：使用布袋是为了减少塑料的使用。 4．第四段“They should clean waste water before pouring it out. ”直接给出答案：工厂应该清洁废水后再排放。 5．这是一道开放性问题，文中建议了减少使用、回收、工厂处理废水和植树，我们可以建议不乱扔塑料垃圾等。 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $