Unit 5 课时5 Section B Vocabulary in Use（分层作业）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 本练习以“基础达标-能力提升-拓展培优-思维进阶”分层设计，构建从词汇句型识记到语篇综合应用的知识巩固路径，兼顾语言能力培养与思维品质提升，适配新授课差异化教学需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础达标|核心词汇拼写、词组默写及基础句型应用|通过单词音标默写、汉译英填空夯实语言基础| |能力提升|词汇词性转换、语篇语境填空|设置词形变化、短文填空（如蝙蝠回声定位）训练综合运用| |拓展培优|篇章理解与信息匹配|采用阅读还原（Cool Inventions）、阅读理解（Pencils and Pens）提升语篇能力| |思维进阶|高阶思维与文化认知|设计完形填空（意外发明）、思辨简答及信息梳理表格，培养批判思维与文化意识|

Unit 5 Power of Ideas 课时5 Section B Vocabulary in Use 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 ( 词汇 afford v. 买得起；能做 company n. 公司；剧团 rapidly adv. 迅速地；快速地 gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 widely adv. 广泛地；普遍地 sticky adj. 黏（性）的；闷热的 production n. 生产；制作 carry out 执行；实施；进行 a strong glue一种强力胶水 try to do sth. 试图/努力做某事 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 provide sth. for sb. / provide sb. with sth. 为……提供某物 lead to sth./doing sth. 导致；通向；促成 later be removed稍后被移除 stay in the song book 留在歌本里 stick things粘东西 mark the pages给页面做标记 find a use for...找到……的用途 fall to the floor掉到地板上 idea for...关于……的主意 句型 1. The use of modern medicine has helped (to) control many dangerous diseases. 现代医学的应用帮助控制了许多危险疾病。 2 . An accident led to the invention of sticky notes. 一次意外催生了便利贴的发明。 3 . t could stick things, but it could be removed very easily. 它能粘住东西，但又能很容易地被揭下来。 4 . With the glue, the paper stayed in the song book, but it could later be removed . 有了这种胶水，纸张能固定在歌本里，之后又能被揭下来。 5 . They gradually became popular and now are widely used all over the world. 它们逐渐流行起来，如今已在全世界被广泛使用。 ) 一、单词默写。 1. _______ /ˈræpɪdli/ adv. 迅速地；快速地 2. ________ /əˈfɔːd/ v. 买得起；能做 3. _______ /ˈkʌmpəni/ n. 公司；剧团 4. ________ /ˈstɪki/ adj. 黏（性）的；闷热的 5. _______ /prəˈdʌkʃn/ n. 生产；制作 6. ________ /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 7. _______ /ˈwaɪdli/ adv. 广泛地；普遍地 二、词组默写。 1. 为……提供某物__________ 2. 负担得起做某事_____________________ 3. 执行；实施；进行__________ 4. 试图/努力做某事________ 5. 导致；通向；促成________ 6. 一种强力胶水 _______ 7. 粘东西________ 8. 找到……的用途_______ 9. 给页面做标记 __________________ 10. 掉到地板上 _______ 11. 留在歌本里________ 12. 稍后被移除_______ 13. 关于……的主意 __________________ 三、汉语提示填空题 1.政府正努力为偏远地区的孩子们提供更好的教育资源。 The government is trying to ________ better educational resources ________ children in remote areas. 2.对于低收入家庭来说，负担得起大城市的房价几乎是不可能的。 It is almost impossible for low-income families to ________ ________ ________ housing prices in big cities. 3.科学家们将在下个月对新研发的疫苗进行一系列安全测试。 The scientists will ________ ________ a series of safety tests on the newly developed vaccine next month. 4.一次小小的意外，最终促成了这款风靡全球的便携式充电宝的发明。 A small accident finally ________ ________ the invention of this world-famous portable power bank. 5.让他惊讶的是，他的一个临时想法竟然解决了困扰团队很久的技术难题。 ________ ________ ________, one of his casual ideas solved the technical problem that had troubled the team for a long time. 6.学生们正在用便利贴给课本上的重点段落做标记，方便复习。 The students are using sticky notes to ________ ________ ________ in their textbooks for review. 7.这种新型胶水能把纸张牢牢粘住，但之后又可以很容易地被揭下来。 This new type of glue can ________ paper firmly, but it can ________ ________ easily later. 8.他站起来回答老师的问题时，笔记不小心掉到了地上。 When he stood up to answer the teacher's question, his notebook accidentally ________ ________ the floor. 9.缺乏有效的沟通，往往会导致团队合作的失败。 Lack of effective communication often ________ ________ the failure of teamwork. 10. 随着技术的发展，人们可以更快地获取信息。 With the development of technology, people can get information ________ ________ ________. 四、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. The scientist made an important _________ (invent) that changed people's lives. 2. Regular exercise is very _________ (help) to your physical and mental health. 3. The museum has a large _________ (collect) of ancient Chinese art. 4. This new machine is widely used in the _________ (produce) of cars. 5. With the help of the new glue, the paper can ________ (remove) easily from the page without damage. 五、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。 (每个单词限用一次。每空限填一个单词。) call  danger  bat  we  clear  offer  similar  hear  million  challenge Nature is a great teacher for humans. It 1 us smart ideas to solve problems in life. When people first began to explore the oceans, they faced a big 2 . Light can hardly travel far in deep water. Even with strong lights, divers (潜水员) could only see a short distance. This made underwater activities very 3 . 4 of years ago, nature had already solved this problem. Bats can fly quickly and safely in complete darkness. They send out special sounds that humans can’t 5 . These sounds hit objects and echo (发出回声). Bats catch the echoes and make a “sound picture” of their surroundings (周围的事物). This amazing ability is 6 echolocation (回声定位). Scientists studied 7 ability of echolocation carefully. They developed a 8 technology for underwater use—sonar (声呐). Ships use sonar to send sound waves into water. By catching the echoes, people can know what lies under the sea 9 . Nature is full of hidden wisdom. If we learn from nature carefully, we can keep inventing new things to make 10 life safer and better. 六、阅读还原。 Cool inventions make our daily life easier and more fun. These smart creations solve small problems and bring big convenience to people of all ages. Read on to learn about some cool inventions that change our life. 1 A US company created the “Cool Can” to chill your drink fast. Just press a button on the can—it mixes water with a special chemical inside to take in heat. Your drink can cool from 22℃ to 6℃ in seconds and stay cool for about 45 minutes. 2 Scientists have created special fake plants that can clean indoor air. Unlike real plants, they use light to turn CO2 into oxygen much more effectively. In tests, they removed about 90% of CO2 from the air—far more than real plants can do. 3 An inventor made a smart glove. It can turn sign language into spoken words. You wear it and use your hands to sign. Then, the glove says the words out loud for you. It was made to help people who cannot speak. It gives them more freedom when they talk to others. 4 Researchers have created a “plant bandage” that helps plants heal (愈合) wounds faster. It works similarly to our cut bandages and uses natural materials that are safe for plants. This new discovery could help farmers and scientists protect crops and plants more effectively. 5 The Yoomiily is a portable machine that lets you shower without getting really wet. It sprays mist to clean you and then quickly pulls the water back, so your skin stays almost dry. Weighing only four kilograms, it’s easy to carry for camping or trips. Cool inventions make people more efficient, comfortable and healthy in daily lives. Try to create or use cool inventions—they can change our life greatly! A．Translate Signs into Speech B．Cool Your Drink Instantly C．Shower without Getting Wet D．Protect Plants with a Bandage E．Clean Air with Fake Plants 七、阅读理解。 Pencils and Pens No one knows who invented pencils or when it happened. A Swiss described a pencil in a book in 1565. He said it was a piece of wood with lead inside it. Pencils weren’t popular, and people continued to write with pens. They used bird feathers as pens. Then, in 1795, someone started making pencils from graphite (石墨), and they became very popular. One pencil can write about 50,000 English words or make a line of 55 kilometers long. People wrote with feather pens and then used pens with metal points. They had to dip (蘸) the point into ink after every few letters. Next, someone invented a fountain pen (钢笔) that could hold ink inside it. A fountain pen can write several pages before you have to fill it again. Two Hungarian brothers, Ladislao and Georg Biro, invented the ballpoint pen. English pilots liked the pens. They couldn’t write with fountain pens in airplanes because the ink leaked out. Later, a French company called Bic bought the Biros’ company. Some people call ballpoint pens “Bics”. Australians call them “Biros”. Whatever we call them, we use them every day. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．A ________ described a pencil in a book in 1565. A．Canadian B．German C．Swiss D．Japanese 2．The first pens were birds’ ________. A．feathers B．stones C．graphites D．metals 3．One pencil can write about ________ English words. A．1,795 B．50,000 C．55 D．1,943 4．Which of the following is NOT TRUE? A．A fountain pen can hold ink inside it. B．Ballpoint pens are good for writing in airplanes. C．Fountain pens may leak ink. D．Biros’ company bought Bic. 5．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．We use pens and pencils every day. B．There were many kinds of pens before ballpoint pens. C．Pens and pencils are very useful inventions. D．Pens were invented earlier than pencils. 八、完形填空。 Great Inventions by Mistake Many of the foods we love today were not planned. They were invented by accident. The story of potato chips is a perfect 1 . In 1853, a cook named George Crum got very 2 when a customer kept sending his French fries back, complaining (抱怨) that they were too 3 . So Crum cut the potatoes as thin as 4 and fried them until they were crispy. To 5 the customer a lesson, he even put lots of salt on them. 6 , the customer loved them! These thin and crispy potatoes were 7 “Saratoga Chips” and later became known as potato chips. Potato chips are not the only accidental 8 . The ice cream cone (圆锥) was also invented by chance. The story 9 back to 1904. An ice cream seller at the World’s Fair 10 plates so he couldn’t sell his ice cream. Luckily, the waffle (华夫饼) seller next to him had an idea. He rolled (卷) his waffles into the shape of a cone. The ice cream was then placed 11 the waffle cones. It was a perfect 12 and a great success! These stories show that some of the most 13 foods in the world came from mistakes and quick thinking. Today, potato chips are made in factories everywhere. And when you eat an ice cream cone, you are 14 a piece of history in your hand. So, the next time you try a new snack, think about 15 story. It might have a surprising beginning. 1．A．ability B．example C．suggestion D．environment 2．A．relaxed B．excited C．mad D．sleepy 3．A．tasty B．crispy C．thick D．thin 4．A．paper B．wood C．metal D．glass 5．A．learn B．teach C．receive D．provide 6．A．Sadly B．Angrily C．Luckily D．Surprisingly 7．A．sold B．called C．found D．tasted 8．A．instrument B．invention C．introduction D．influence 9．A．goes B．brings C．takes D．thinks 10．A．ran after B．stuck to C．took pride in D．ran out of 11．A．from B．across C．into D．between 12．A．purpose B．background C．standard D．solution 13．A．expensive B．boring C．delicious D．healthy 14．A．holding B．piercing C．regretting D．exchanging 15．A．his B．her C．its D．their Part 1: Read and Explore Inventions have played an important role in shaping the world we live in today. From the wheel to the Internet, these inventions have changed the way we live, work and communicate. Let’s look back at some of the most important inventions in human history and their influence on society. The wheel was invented thousands of years ago. It has been a good tool in transportation, farming, and manufacturing (制造业). It completely changed the way that goods were transported and traded. That made it easier and faster to move from one place to another. Another important invention was the printing press, which was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. The printing press made it possible to produce plenty of books. The steam engine (蒸汽机) is another important invention that changed the world. Originally invented by Thomas Newcomen in the early 18th century, it was later improved and popularized by James Watt. The invention made it possible for machines to be powered (给……提供动力) by steam, rather than water or animals. This led to the development of new industries such as iron (铁) production and transportation. The telephone is perhaps one of the most important inventions of all time. Alexander Graham Bell’s invention in 1876 changed the way that people communicate with each other. It allowed people to talk to each other over long distances. It has become an important tool for businesses, governments, and individuals alike. The Internet is perhaps the most transformative (变革的) invention of our time. The World Wide Web was created by Tim Berners Lee in the 1980s, and it has changed the way that we get information, connect with others, and the way we run a business. Part 2: Skills Challenge Task 1: Critical Thinking（思辨简答） 1. What great change did the wheel bring to human society? _______________________________________________________ 2. Write two detailed facts about the steam engine: Detail 1: _______________________________________________________ Detail 2: _______________________________________________________ 3. Write a short English sentence to praise the power of great inventions: “___________________________________!” Task 2: Complete the chart（信息梳理表格） Inventions Inventor / Improver Main influence on society The wheel Unknown, invented thousands of years ago 1. ________________________ Printing press Johannes Gutenberg 2. ________________________ Steam engine Thomas Newcomen (inventor); 3._______ (improver) Powered machines by steam and developed new industries Telephone 4. ________________________ Allowed long-distance communication World Wide Web Tim Berners Lee 5. ________________________ Task 3: Vocabulary Practice 从方框中选择合适的单词填空。有一个多余单词。每个单词只能使用一次。 ( transport, inventions, communicate, industry, transform, printing press， powered ) 1. Important __________ have greatly changed our way of life. 2. The wheel improved the __________ and trade of goods thousands of years ago. 3. The __________ produced lots of books for people to read. 4. The steam engine pushed the development of new __________. 5. The telephone helps people __________ over long distances. 6. The Internet continues to __________ the whole world. ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Power of Ideas 课时5 Section B Vocabulary in Use 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 ( 词汇 afford v. 买得起；能做 company n. 公司；剧团 rapidly adv. 迅速地；快速地 gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 widely adv. 广泛地；普遍地 sticky adj. 黏（性）的；闷热的 production n. 生产；制作 carry out 执行；实施；进行 a strong glue一种强力胶水 try to do sth. 试图/努力做某事 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 provide sth. for sb. / provide sb. with sth. 为……提供某物 lead to sth./doing sth. 导致；通向；促成 later be removed稍后被移除 stay in the song book 留在歌本里 stick things粘东西 mark the pages给页面做标记 find a use for...找到……的用途 fall to the floor掉到地板上 idea for...关于……的主意 句型 1. The use of modern medicine has helped (to) control many dangerous diseases. 现代医学的应用帮助控制了许多危险疾病。 2 . An accident led to the invention of sticky notes. 一次意外催生了便利贴的发明。 3 . t could stick things, but it could be removed very easily. 它能粘住东西，但又能很容易地被揭下来。 4 . With the glue, the paper stayed in the song book, but it could later be removed . 有了这种胶水，纸张能固定在歌本里，之后又能被揭下来。 5 . They gradually became popular and now are widely used all over the world. 它们逐渐流行起来，如今已在全世界被广泛使用。 ) 一、单词默写。 1. _______ /ˈræpɪdli/ adv. 迅速地；快速地 2. ________ /əˈfɔːd/ v. 买得起；能做 3. _______ /ˈkʌmpəni/ n. 公司；剧团 4. ________ /ˈstɪki/ adj. 黏（性）的；闷热的 5. _______ /prəˈdʌkʃn/ n. 生产；制作 6. ________ /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 7. _______ /ˈwaɪdli/ adv. 广泛地；普遍地 【答案】1.rapidly 2.afford 3.company 4.sticky 5.production 6.gradually 7.widely 二、词组默写。 1. 为……提供某物__________ 2. 负担得起做某事_____________________ 3. 执行；实施；进行__________ 4. 试图/努力做某事________ 5. 导致；通向；促成________ 6. 一种强力胶水 _______ 7. 粘东西________ 8. 找到……的用途_______ 9. 给页面做标记 __________________ 10. 掉到地板上 _______ 11. 留在歌本里________ 12. 稍后被移除_______ 13. 关于……的主意 __________________ 【答案】1.provide sth. for sb. / provide sb. with sth. 2.afford to do sth. 3.carry out 4.try to do sth. 5.lead to sth./doing sth. 6.a strong glue 7.stick things 8.find a use for... 9.mark the pages 10.fall to the floor 11.stay in the song book 12.later be removed 13.idea for... 三、汉语提示填空题 1.政府正努力为偏远地区的孩子们提供更好的教育资源。 The government is trying to ________ better educational resources ________ children in remote areas. 2.对于低收入家庭来说，负担得起大城市的房价几乎是不可能的。 It is almost impossible for low-income families to ________ ________ ________ housing prices in big cities. 3.科学家们将在下个月对新研发的疫苗进行一系列安全测试。 The scientists will ________ ________ a series of safety tests on the newly developed vaccine next month. 4.一次小小的意外，最终促成了这款风靡全球的便携式充电宝的发明。 A small accident finally ________ ________ the invention of this world-famous portable power bank. 5.让他惊讶的是，他的一个临时想法竟然解决了困扰团队很久的技术难题。 ________ ________ ________, one of his casual ideas solved the technical problem that had troubled the team for a long time. 6.学生们正在用便利贴给课本上的重点段落做标记，方便复习。 The students are using sticky notes to ________ ________ ________ in their textbooks for review. 7.这种新型胶水能把纸张牢牢粘住，但之后又可以很容易地被揭下来。 This new type of glue can ________ paper firmly, but it can ________ ________ easily later. 8.他站起来回答老师的问题时，笔记不小心掉到了地上。 When he stood up to answer the teacher's question, his notebook accidentally ________ ________ the floor. 9.缺乏有效的沟通，往往会导致团队合作的失败。 Lack of effective communication often ________ ________ the failure of teamwork. 10. 随着技术的发展，人们可以更快地获取信息。 With the development of technology, people can get information ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 1. provide; for / provide; with 2. afford to pay 3. carry out 4. led to 5. To his surprise 6. mark key parts / mark the pages 7. stick; be removed 8. fell to 9. results in 10. much more rapidly 四、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. The scientist made an important _________ (invent) that changed people's lives. 2. Regular exercise is very _________ (help) to your physical and mental health. 3. The museum has a large _________ (collect) of ancient Chinese art. 4. This new machine is widely used in the _________ (produce) of cars. 5. With the help of the new glue, the paper can ________ (remove) easily from the page without damage. 【答案】1.invention 2. helpful 3. collection 4. production 5. be removed 五、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。 (每个单词限用一次。每空限填一个单词。) call  danger  bat  we  clear  offer  similar  hear  million  challenge Nature is a great teacher for humans. It 1 us smart ideas to solve problems in life. When people first began to explore the oceans, they faced a big 2 . Light can hardly travel far in deep water. Even with strong lights, divers (潜水员) could only see a short distance. This made underwater activities very 3 . 4 of years ago, nature had already solved this problem. Bats can fly quickly and safely in complete darkness. They send out special sounds that humans can’t 5 . These sounds hit objects and echo (发出回声). Bats catch the echoes and make a “sound picture” of their surroundings (周围的事物). This amazing ability is 6 echolocation (回声定位). Scientists studied 7 ability of echolocation carefully. They developed a 8 technology for underwater use—sonar (声呐). Ships use sonar to send sound waves into water. By catching the echoes, people can know what lies under the sea 9 . Nature is full of hidden wisdom. If we learn from nature carefully, we can keep inventing new things to make 10 life safer and better. 【答案】 1．offers 2．challenge 3．dangerous 4．Millions 5．hear 6．called 7．bats’ 8．similar 9．clearly 10．our 【导语】本文讲述了人类借鉴大自然中蝙蝠的回声定位能力，研发出适用于水下探测的声呐技术，说明了大自然蕴藏着宝贵的智慧，人类虚心向自然学习，就能不断发明创造，让我们的生活变得更美好。 1．句意：它为我们提供解决生活问题的聪明点子。“offer sb. sth.”是固定搭配，表示“为某人提供某物”，符合句意；句子用一般现在时，主语是It（指代 Nature），动词需用第三人称单数形式offers。 2．句意：当人们最初开始探索海洋时，他们面临着一个巨大的挑战。后文提到“Light can hardly travel far in deep water…divers could only see a short distance”，说明深海探索是一个难题与挑战，应用“challenge”，前面有a提示名词用单数。 3．句意：这使得水下活动非常危险。潜水员在深海中视线极短，这种情况会让水下活动充满风险，此空作宾语补足语，需用“danger”的形容词形式“dangerous”表示“危险的”。 4．句意：数百万年前，大自然就已经解决了这个问题。“millions of”是固定搭配，表示“数百万的”，用来形容时间久远，句首首字母需大写，所以用“Millions”。 5．句意：它们发出人类无法听到的特殊声音。蝙蝠发出的是超声波，属于人类听觉范围外的声音，“can’t”后接动词原形“hear”。 6．句意：这种惊人的能力被称为回声定位。“be called”是被动语态结构，表示“被称为”，用来介绍这种能力的名称，因此用过去分词“called”。 7．句意：科学家们仔细研究了蝙蝠的回声定位能力。此处需要名词所有格表示“蝙蝠的（能力）”，泛指蝙蝠，应用“bat”的复数所有格形式“bats’”。 8．句意：他们发明了一种类似的水下技术——声呐。此处需要形容词作定语，修饰名词technology，上文提到研究蝙蝠的回声定位能力，声呐的原理和蝙蝠的回声定位原理相似，应用“similar”。 9．句意：通过捕捉回声，人们可以清楚地知道海底有什么。此处需要副词修饰动词“know”，“clear” 的副词形式“clearly”表示“清楚地”，符合句意。 10．句意：如果我们认真向大自然学习，我们就能不断发明新事物，让我们的生活更安全、更美好。此处需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词“life”，“we”的形容词性物主代词是“our”，表示“我们的”。 六、阅读还原。 Cool inventions make our daily life easier and more fun. These smart creations solve small problems and bring big convenience to people of all ages. Read on to learn about some cool inventions that change our life. 1 A US company created the “Cool Can” to chill your drink fast. Just press a button on the can—it mixes water with a special chemical inside to take in heat. Your drink can cool from 22℃ to 6℃ in seconds and stay cool for about 45 minutes. 2 Scientists have created special fake plants that can clean indoor air. Unlike real plants, they use light to turn CO2 into oxygen much more effectively. In tests, they removed about 90% of CO2 from the air—far more than real plants can do. 3 An inventor made a smart glove. It can turn sign language into spoken words. You wear it and use your hands to sign. Then, the glove says the words out loud for you. It was made to help people who cannot speak. It gives them more freedom when they talk to others. 4 Researchers have created a “plant bandage” that helps plants heal (愈合) wounds faster. It works similarly to our cut bandages and uses natural materials that are safe for plants. This new discovery could help farmers and scientists protect crops and plants more effectively. 5 The Yoomiily is a portable machine that lets you shower without getting really wet. It sprays mist to clean you and then quickly pulls the water back, so your skin stays almost dry. Weighing only four kilograms, it’s easy to carry for camping or trips. Cool inventions make people more efficient, comfortable and healthy in daily lives. Try to create or use cool inventions—they can change our life greatly! A．Translate Signs into Speech B．Cool Your Drink Instantly C．Shower without Getting Wet D．Protect Plants with a Bandage E．Clean Air with Fake Plants 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文围绕改变生活的实用创意发明展开，分段介绍了五种不同功能的趣味发明。 1．根据“A US company created the ‘Cool Can’ to chill your drink fast.”可知，本段介绍能快速冷却饮料的酷冷罐，核心是快速冰镇饮品，B选项“瞬间冷却你的饮料”，精准概括本段核心内容，与段落功能完全契合。故选B。 2．根据“Scientists have created special fake plants that can clean indoor air.”可知，本段重点介绍可净化室内空气的人造仿真植物，核心功能是用假植物清洁空气，E选项“用假植物净化空气”，贴合本段主旨，承接下文具体说明内容。故选E。 3．根据“It can turn sign language into spoken words.”可知，本段介绍能将手语转化为口语的智能手套，核心作用是翻译手语为语音，A选项“把手语翻译成语音”，直接对应发明的核心功能，概括本段内容。故选A。 4．根据“Researchers have created a ‘plant bandage’ that helps plants heal wounds faster.”可知，本段讲述帮助植物快速愈合伤口的植物绷带，核心是用绷带保护、修复植物，D选项“用绷带保护植物”，契合本段描述的发明用途与核心。故选D。 5．根据“The Yoomiily is a portable machine that lets you shower without getting really wet.”可知，本段介绍可淋浴但几乎不会打湿身体的便携设备，核心特点是淋浴不沾水，C选项“淋浴不被打湿”，准确概括本段发明的核心功能，与内容匹配。故选C。 七、阅读理解。 Pencils and Pens No one knows who invented pencils or when it happened. A Swiss described a pencil in a book in 1565. He said it was a piece of wood with lead inside it. Pencils weren’t popular, and people continued to write with pens. They used bird feathers as pens. Then, in 1795, someone started making pencils from graphite (石墨), and they became very popular. One pencil can write about 50,000 English words or make a line of 55 kilometers long. People wrote with feather pens and then used pens with metal points. They had to dip (蘸) the point into ink after every few letters. Next, someone invented a fountain pen (钢笔) that could hold ink inside it. A fountain pen can write several pages before you have to fill it again. Two Hungarian brothers, Ladislao and Georg Biro, invented the ballpoint pen. English pilots liked the pens. They couldn’t write with fountain pens in airplanes because the ink leaked out. Later, a French company called Bic bought the Biros’ company. Some people call ballpoint pens “Bics”. Australians call them “Biros”. Whatever we call them, we use them every day. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．A ________ described a pencil in a book in 1565. A．Canadian B．German C．Swiss D．Japanese 2．The first pens were birds’ ________. A．feathers B．stones C．graphites D．metals 3．One pencil can write about ________ English words. A．1,795 B．50,000 C．55 D．1,943 4．Which of the following is NOT TRUE? A．A fountain pen can hold ink inside it. B．Ballpoint pens are good for writing in airplanes. C．Fountain pens may leak ink. D．Biros’ company bought Bic. 5．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．We use pens and pencils every day. B．There were many kinds of pens before ballpoint pens. C．Pens and pencils are very useful inventions. D．Pens were invented earlier than pencils. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了铅笔、羽毛笔、钢笔、圆珠笔的发明与发展历程，说明了不同时期笔的特点与改进，展现书写工具对人类文明进步的重要意义。 1．细节理解题。根据“A Swiss described a pencil in a book in 1565.”可知，1565年一位瑞士人在书中描述了铅笔，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“They used bird feathers as pens.”可知，最早的笔是鸟的羽毛，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“One pencil can write about 50,000 English words...”可知，一支铅笔能写约50000个英文单词，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Later, a French company called Bic bought the Biros’ company.”可知，是Bic公司收购了Biros兄弟的公司，选项D错误，故选D。 5．主旨大意题。本文按时间顺序介绍了铅笔和羽毛笔、金属尖笔、钢笔、圆珠笔的发明与发展，体现其作为实用发明的价值，故选C。 八、完形填空。 Great Inventions by Mistake Many of the foods we love today were not planned. They were invented by accident. The story of potato chips is a perfect 1 . In 1853, a cook named George Crum got very 2 when a customer kept sending his French fries back, complaining (抱怨) that they were too 3 . So Crum cut the potatoes as thin as 4 and fried them until they were crispy. To 5 the customer a lesson, he even put lots of salt on them. 6 , the customer loved them! These thin and crispy potatoes were 7 “Saratoga Chips” and later became known as potato chips. Potato chips are not the only accidental 8 . The ice cream cone (圆锥) was also invented by chance. The story 9 back to 1904. An ice cream seller at the World’s Fair 10 plates so he couldn’t sell his ice cream. Luckily, the waffle (华夫饼) seller next to him had an idea. He rolled (卷) his waffles into the shape of a cone. The ice cream was then placed 11 the waffle cones. It was a perfect 12 and a great success! These stories show that some of the most 13 foods in the world came from mistakes and quick thinking. Today, potato chips are made in factories everywhere. And when you eat an ice cream cone, you are 14 a piece of history in your hand. So, the next time you try a new snack, think about 15 story. It might have a surprising beginning. 1．A．ability B．example C．suggestion D．environment 2．A．relaxed B．excited C．mad D．sleepy 3．A．tasty B．crispy C．thick D．thin 4．A．paper B．wood C．metal D．glass 5．A．learn B．teach C．receive D．provide 6．A．Sadly B．Angrily C．Luckily D．Surprisingly 7．A．sold B．called C．found D．tasted 8．A．instrument B．invention C．introduction D．influence 9．A．goes B．brings C．takes D．thinks 10．A．ran after B．stuck to C．took pride in D．ran out of 11．A．from B．across C．into D．between 12．A．purpose B．background C．standard D．solution 13．A．expensive B．boring C．delicious D．healthy 14．A．holding B．piercing C．regretting D．exchanging 15．A．his B．her C．its D．their 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文讲述了薯片和冰淇淋甜筒的意外发明故事，说明许多美食源于偶然和快速思考。 1．句意：薯片的故事是一个完美的例子。 ability能力；example例子；suggestion建议；environment环境。根据下文可知详细介绍了薯片的例子。故选B。 2．句意：1853 年，一位名叫George Crum的厨师非常生气，因为一位顾客不断地把他的炸薯条退回，抱怨说它们太厚了。 relaxed放松的；excited兴奋的；mad生气的；sleepy困倦的。根据“a customer kept sending his French fries back”可知，顾客反复退回炸薯条，厨师应是生气的。故选C。 3．句意：1853 年，一位名叫George Crum的厨师非常生气，因为一位顾客不断地把他的炸薯条退回，抱怨说它们太厚了。 tasty美味的；crispy脆的；thick厚的；thin薄的。根据后文“So Crum cut the potatoes as thin...”可知，之前的薯条太厚了。故选C。 4．句意：于是Crum把土豆切得像纸一样薄，然后将其油炸至酥脆。 paper纸；wood木头；metal金属；glass玻璃。“as thin as paper”表示“薄得像纸一样”，可以形容极薄。故选A。 5．句意：为了给这位顾客一个教训，他还往薯条上撒了大量的盐。 learn学习；teach教授；receive接收；provide提供。固定搭配“teach sb a lesson”表示“给某人一个教训”。故选B。 6．句意：出乎意料的是，这位顾客竟然很喜欢这些薄而酥脆的薯条！ Sadly悲伤地；Angrily愤怒地；Luckily幸运地；Surprisingly出乎意料地。根据“To ... the customer a lesson, he even put lots of salt on them.”和“the customer loved them”可知，本来是想给顾客一个教训，结果顾客非常喜欢这些薯条，强调出乎意外。故选D。 7．句意：这些薄而酥脆的薯条被称为“萨拉托加薯片”，后来就演变成了我们熟知的薯片。 sold出售；called称为；found发现；tasted品尝。“Saratoga Chips”是薯条名称，因此是“被叫做……”。故选B。 8．句意：薯片并非唯一的意外发明。 instrument工具；invention发明；introduction介绍；influence影响。根据“The ice cream cone (圆锥) was also invented by chance.”可知，薯片是意外发明之一。故选B。 9．句意：故事追溯到1904年。 goes去；brings带来；takes带去；thinks认为。根据“The story ... back to 1904.”可知，故事追溯到1904年。goes back to“追溯”为固定搭配。故选A。 10．句意：世界博览会上的一位冰淇淋售卖者由于缺少盘子而无法继续售卖冰淇淋。 ran after追赶；stuck to坚持；took pride in自豪；ran out of用完。根据“so he couldn’t sell his ice cream”可知是盘子用完了。故选D。 11．句意：然后冰淇淋被放入华夫筒中。 from来自；across穿过；into进入；between之间。根据“The ice cream was then placed ... the waffle cones.”可知，冰淇淋被放入华夫筒中。故选C。 12．句意：这是一个完美的解决方案，也取得了巨大的成功！ purpose目的；background背景；standard标准；solution解决方案。根据前文“The ice cream was then placed 　  ... the waffle cones.”可知，冰淇淋放入华夫饼筒中，解决了冰淇淋没有盘子装的问题。故选D。 13．句意：这些故事表明，世界上一些最美味的食物正是源于失误和机智的创造。 expensive昂贵的；boring无聊的；delicious美味的；healthy健康的。前文介绍了冰淇淋甜筒和薯片的发明，由此可知是指美味的食物。故选C。 14．句意：而当你吃着冰淇淋甜筒时，你手中握着的正是历史的一部分。 holding握着；piercing刺穿；regretting后悔；exchanging交换。根据“And when you eat an ice cream cone, you are ... a piece of history in your hand.”可知，冰淇淋甜筒是握在手里的。故选A。 15．句意：所以，下次当你尝试一种新零食时，不妨想想它的故事吧。 his他的；her她的；its它的；their他们的。指代前文“snack”，用“its”。故选C。 Part 1: Read and Explore Inventions have played an important role in shaping the world we live in today. From the wheel to the Internet, these inventions have changed the way we live, work and communicate. Let’s look back at some of the most important inventions in human history and their influence on society. The wheel was invented thousands of years ago. It has been a good tool in transportation, farming, and manufacturing (制造业). It completely changed the way that goods were transported and traded. That made it easier and faster to move from one place to another. Another important invention was the printing press, which was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. The printing press made it possible to produce plenty of books. The steam engine (蒸汽机) is another important invention that changed the world. Originally invented by Thomas Newcomen in the early 18th century, it was later improved and popularized by James Watt. The invention made it possible for machines to be powered (给……提供动力) by steam, rather than water or animals. This led to the development of new industries such as iron (铁) production and transportation. The telephone is perhaps one of the most important inventions of all time. Alexander Graham Bell’s invention in 1876 changed the way that people communicate with each other. It allowed people to talk to each other over long distances. It has become an important tool for businesses, governments, and individuals alike. The Internet is perhaps the most transformative (变革的) invention of our time. The World Wide Web was created by Tim Berners Lee in the 1980s, and it has changed the way that we get information, connect with others, and the way we run a business. Part 2: Skills Challenge Task 1: Critical Thinking（思辨简答） 1. What great change did the wheel bring to human society? _______________________________________________________ 2. Write two detailed facts about the steam engine: Detail 1: _______________________________________________________ Detail 2: _______________________________________________________ 3. Write a short English sentence to praise the power of great inventions: “___________________________________!” Task 2: Complete the chart（信息梳理表格） Inventions Inventor / Improver Main influence on society The wheel Unknown, invented thousands of years ago 1. ________________________ Printing press Johannes Gutenberg 2. ________________________ Steam engine Thomas Newcomen (inventor); 3._______ (improver) Powered machines by steam and developed new industries Telephone 4. ________________________ Allowed long-distance communication World Wide Web Tim Berners Lee 5. ________________________ Task 3: Vocabulary Practice 从方框中选择合适的单词填空。有一个多余单词。每个单词只能使用一次。 ( transport, inventions, communicate, industry, transform, printing press， powered ) 1. Important __________ have greatly changed our way of life. 2. The wheel improved the __________ and trade of goods thousands of years ago. 3. The __________ produced lots of books for people to read. 4. The steam engine pushed the development of new __________. 5. The telephone helps people __________ over long distances. 6. The Internet continues to __________ the whole world. 【答案】 Task 1 1.It totally changed the transport and trade of goods and made travelling faster and easier. 2.Detail 1: It was first invented by Thomas Newcomen in the early 18th century. Detail 2: James Watt improved and made the steam engine widely used later. 3.Great inventions push the whole world forward!/ Inventions truly change the world! Task 2 1.It helped transport, farm and manufacture, and improved goods trade and travelling 2.It made it possible to produce plenty of books 3.James Watt 4.Alexander Graham Bell 5.It changed the way people get information, connect with others and run a business. Task 3 1. inventions 2.transport 3.printing press 4.industry 5.communicate 6.transform ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $