Unit 5 课时4 SectionB 1a-1f（分层作业）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 该同步练习以“核心知识速记”为基础，通过“基础达标-能力提升-拓展培优-思维进阶”四层设计，构建从词汇句型到语篇应用的知识巩固路径，适配新授课分层教学需求，培养语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础达标|核心词汇/词组/基础句型|机械默写（单词音标填空）→语境填空（汉译英），夯实语言基础| |能力提升|词汇运用/语法（被动语态等）|词形变化（动词时态/词性转换）→短文选词，强化语法应用| |拓展培优|语篇理解/信息匹配|阅读还原（段落排序）→细节理解（选择题），提升语篇分析能力| |思维进阶|综合应用/批判性思维|完形填空→批判性问题（故事启示）→创意写作/口语任务，发展高阶思维与表达能力|

Unit 5 Power of Ideas 课时4 Section B (1a-1f) 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 ( 词汇 reality n. 现实；事实 shape v. 塑造 n. 形状 rapid adj. 迅速的；瞬间的 responsible adj. 作为原因的；有责任的 responsible for sth 引起某事 expensive adj. 昂贵的；价格高的 stone n. 石头；岩石 birth n. 起源；诞生 officer n. 官员；高级职员 none pron. 没有一个；毫无 creation n. 创造；作品 cheap adj. 便宜的adv. 低廉地 ideal adj. 最合适的；理想的n. 理想；完美的人（或事物） suitable adj. 合适的；适宜的 certain adj. 某些；确定的pron.（不提及人或事物的名称时用）某些 speed up （使）加速 later on 后来；其后 result in 造成；导致 lead to 导致；造成 depend on 依赖；取决于 pour over 把……倒在……上 be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 be made from 由…… 制成（看不出原材料） in the Western/Eastern Han Dynasty 在西汉 / 东汉时期 句型 1. It, more than any other invention , was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world. 与其他任何发明相比，它更是信息快速传播的原因，而这种传播塑造了我们的现代世界。 2. Later on, the papermaking technique did not only speed up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. 后来，造纸术不仅加快了中国文化的发展，也改变了世界各地的文明。 3. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive. 然而，所有这些材料要么难以使用和保存，要么非常昂贵。 4. When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books. 在随后的几个世纪里，当纸和印刷术结合在一起时，书籍的数量迅速增加。 5. Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. 接下来，液体被倒在竹筛上，只留下纤维。 ) 一、单词默写。 1. ________ /riˈæləti/ n. 现实；事实 2. _______ /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 作为原因的；有责任的 3. ________ /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 迅速的；瞬间的 4. ________ /ʃeɪp/ v. 塑造 n. 形状 5. ________ /stəʊn/ n. 石头；岩石 6. ________ /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的；价格高的 7. ________ /ˈɒfɪsə(r)/ n. 官员；高级职员 8. _______ /nʌn/ pron. 没有一个；毫无 9. ________ /aɪˈdiːəl/ adj. 理想的n. 理想 10. ________ /ˈsɜːtn/ adj. 某些；确定的pron. 某些 11. ________/ˈsuːtəbl/ adj. 合适的；适宜的 12. _______ /tʃiːp/ adj. 便宜的adv.低廉地 13. ________ /kriˈeɪʃn/ n. 创造；作品 14. ________ /bɜːθ/ n. 起源；诞生 二、词组默写。 1. 引起某事；对…… 负责_______________________ 2. 依赖；取决于 ____________________ 3. （使）加速 __________ 4. 导致；造成；通向________ 5. 造成；导致________ 6. 适合做某事_______ 7. 由…… 制成（看不出原材料）________ 8. 后来；其后_______ 9. 在西汉 / 东汉时期_______________________ 10. 把……倒在……上___________________ 三、汉语提示填空题 1. 造纸术的发明对信息的快速传播负有重大责任。 The invention of papermaking ______ ______ ______ the rapid spread of information. 2. 液体被倒在 竹筛上，只留下了纤维。 The liquid ______ ______ ______ a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. 3. 这座古老的桥由坚固的石头建成，已经屹立了数百年。 This ancient bridge ______ strong stones and has stood for hundreds of years. 4. 造纸术的传播导致了书籍数量的迅速增长。 The spread of papermaking ______ ______ a rapid increase in the number of books. 5. 后来，蔡伦的造纸术传遍了世界各地。 ______ ______, Cai Lun’s papermaking technique spread all over the world. 6. 这种特殊的纸张适合用于水彩画。 This special paper ______ watercolor painting. 7. 我们的现代世界在很大程度上依赖于许多古代发明。 Our modern world greatly ______ ______ many ancient inventions. 8. 肥皂是由油脂和其他原料制成的。 Soap ______ ______ ______ oil and other materials. 9. 每天学习新技能会加快我们的成长，让我们成为更自信的青少年。 Learning new skills every day ______ ______ our growth and makes us become more confident teenagers. 10. 在某一段时期，人们使用昂贵的材料来书写。 For ______ ______ ______ of time, people used expensive materials to write on. 四、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Many old things ______ (make) of stone and wood hundreds of years ago. 2. The great invention was ______ (respond) for changing people’s way of life. 3. My brother became interested in ______ (create) new things in his free time. 4. The weather today is ______ (suit) to go for a walk in the park. 5. The liquid ______ (pour) over the bamboo screen just now. 五、选词填空。 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给的词的适当形式填空，每个词限用一次。 another show    actual   with    carry invent  However   he  one good James Dyson is a famous British inventor. One of his well-known 1 is the bagless vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器). He invented it in 1978. Today Dyson still remembers that day. “I was the only man in the world 2 a bagless vacuum cleaner!” he said. Dyson, 74, wasn’t 3 an engineer at first. When he studied art at the Royal College of Art in London, he began 4 an interest in design (设计). There he invented his 5 product, the Sea Truck. It was a boat for 6 anything between islands. Then he started his first company (公司) to make and sell 7 invention, the Ball barrow, a kind of vehicle (交通工具). But later Dyson left his company because he didn’t agree with his partners. After that Dyson began to improve on the vacuum cleaner. In 1985, Dyson took his vacuum cleaners to Japan and allowed the Japanese to sell them. 8 , he didn’t make much money. Several years later Dyson decided to produce and sell the machine 9 . By 2005, Dyson controlled both the European and American markets. Along the way, Dyson discovered the secret of success, “The 10  the products are, the more people buy them. ” 六、阅读还原。 People often use the natural world as inspiration for their inventions. 1 Here are some examples. Animals can do many things that humans can’t do, like flying or staying underwater for a long time. 2 Thanks to it, people can travel far in the air. This has helped to develop trade and travelling. The idea of the submarine (潜水艇) comes from a sea animal. It can travel underwater. 3 Plants around us are also great sources of ideas for other wonderful inventions. The self-cleaning glass window and the cloth used to make umbrellas were both inspired by the leaves of a lotus plant, with their ability to wash away dirty things in the rain. 4 Georges de Mestral was a Swiss engineer who, while walking his dog in the forest in, noticed that his coat was covered in burrs (苍耳). Through a microscope, he discovered that burrs were able to attach themselves to clothing and other surfaces. This observation sparked his inspiration, finally leading to the invention of Velcro. It has become a fastener (扣件) for shoes, jackets and even spacesuits. 5 Scientists and inventors have tried to learn more about things in nature to create better, stronger and safer tools for our everyday life. A．Another product is Velcro. B．The plane is one of the greatest inventions in our history. C．It is very useful to scientists in learning about the undersea world. D．However, not all inventions come from nature. E．By watching animals and plants, they invent new things to serve humans. F. It is true that nature has inspired lots of inventions and technologies. 七、阅读理解。 Inventions That Changed Our Life and the Environment Inventions have a great influence on our life. Some inventions not only make our life more convenient but also help protect the environment. The solar panel is one such invention. It was invented in the 1950s. It can turn sunlight into electricity, which helps save energy. Many people prefer to use solar panels in their homes because they are eco-friendly and can reduce electricity bills. Another useful invention is the reusable water bottle. Before it was invented, people used a lot of plastic bottles, which caused serious pollution. Reusable water bottles are usually made of stainless steel or glass, which can be used many times. They are popular among people who care about the environment. The electric car is also a great invention for the environment. It was invented to replace traditional cars that use gasoline. Electric cars don’t produce waste gas, so they are good for air quality. More and more people are choosing electric cars as their daily transportation. These inventions show that technology can help us live a better and greener life. We should support eco-friendly inventions and do our part to protect the environment. 1．Why did people use to use a lot of plastic bottles? A．Because they were cheap. B．Because they were heavy. C．Because reusable bottles were not invented. D．Because they were good for the environment. 2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The history of plastic bottles. B．The harm of plastic pollution. C．The invention of reusable water bottles. D．The materials of reusable water bottles. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about the electric car? A．It was invented in the 1950s. B．It runs on sunlight. C．It does not produce waste gas. D．It is more polluting than traditional cars. 4．What do the three inventions have in common? A．They are all expensive. B．They are all eco-friendly. C．They were invented in the same year. D．They are all made of plastic. 5．What is the writer’s attitude towards eco-friendly inventions? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Uninterested. 八、完形填空。 When I was a child, my grandfather told me a story about how the umbrella was invented. The first umbrellas were used in China and Egypt over 4,000 years ago. They weren’t for rain, 1 for protecting people from the sun. In ancient times, only important people like kings and queens used them. The umbrella, as we know it today, has 2 long and interesting history. It is believed that the Chinese were the first to 3 waterproof (防水的) umbrellas by waxing (上蜡) their paper umbrellas. From China, the umbrella 4 to other parts of the world. In the 18th century, the umbrella became popular in Europe. An Englishman named Jonas Hanway was one of the first people to keep 5 an umbrella in England. At first, people laughed at him. But soon, many others started to use umbrellas too. Today, umbrellas come in many different colors and styles. They are used by millions of people around the world. It’s amazing that such a 6 object has such a long history. The invention of the umbrella shows human creativity in solving 7 problems. This story made me realize that many great inventions were created to meet basic human 8 . They have been improved by generations (一代人) of people. Next time you use an umbrella, remember that you are using an invention with a 9 of thousands of years. It’s not just a tool; it’s a piece of 10 that connects us to our past and bridges the eastern and western countries. 1．A．and B．but C．so 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．buy B．make C．sell 4．A．walked B．flew C．spread 5．A．repairing B．designing C．using 6．A．simple B．expensive C．modern 7．A．difficult B．social C．daily 8．A．needs B．dreams C．hobbies 9．A．journey B．price C．history 10．A．art B．nature C．culture Part 1: Read and Explore It was a rainy, windy October afternoon. Garth stood outside his house with a wide smile. The weather was perfect for testing his new invention—Umbrella Hat. He could hardly wait to see whether it could keep the rain off. He walked along the street. The hat worked. Suddenly, three boys in his neighborhood appeared and stopped him. Todd, the oldest one, pulled his Umbrella Hat off his head. “What’s this?” he asked. “It’s an Umbrella Hat. You can wear it on rainy days and…” Garth said. The boy laughed, “Will anyone wear that stupid thing?” Todd threw the hat onto the ground and then ran off. Garth picked up his Umbrella Hat from the ground with tears. “Maybe Todd was right. In reality (现实), who would ever need my invention?” He lowered his head and said to himself. Suddenly, he raised his head and saw a lady looking at him. “I was just leaving my house when I saw you and those boys. Are you okay?” Then she saw the broken Umbrella Hat and asked, “Er…what’s that?” “It’s my Umbrella Hat. I thought it out and made it by myself,” answered Garth. “What a creative mind you have! Don’t ever let stupid boys play jokes on you! Keep inventing and one day you will create something really great!” she said. “And you’ve given me a wonderful idea,” she continued. “I have a gadget (小器具) shop—Gadgets 4U. I’d like to hold a competition to find the best young gadget inventor in our town. I’ll display (展示) three best inventions. I’m sure you’ll have a chance of winning a prize.” Garth was very surprised. Gadgets 4U was one of his favorite places. The thought of having his invention displayed in that wonderful place was so exciting. He suddenly felt much better and could already feel lots of new ideas coming out! Part 2: Skills Challenge Task 1: Critical Thinking (批判性思维) 1. Why did Garth feel sad after Todd took away his Umbrella Hat? ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What encouragement did the lady give to Garth? Write one sentence. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 请用一句英文概括故事启示（须含 invent/invention）： ________________________________________________________________________________ Task 2: Language Focus（聚焦本课被动语态） 改写句子，改为被动语态，每空一词： 1. Todd threw the hat onto the ground. The hat ______ ______ onto the ground by Todd. 2. Garth made the Umbrella Hat by himself. The Umbrella Hat ______ ______ by Garth alone. 3. The shop will display his best inventions. His best inventions ______ ______ ______ in the shop. Task 3: Creative Project 创意输出 请完成句子：写出 2 个做法。 We should never laugh at others’ inventions and 1._______________ new ideas bravely. Also, we all know how wonderful inventions 2._______________ by creative young people. Part 3: Think and Create（Interview 口语任务） Suppose you are the lady from Gadgets 4U, and your partner is Garth. Make up a short dialogue with at least one passive sentence and one object clause. ________________________________________________________________________________ ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Power of Ideas 课时4 Section B (1a-1f) 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 ( 词汇 reality n. 现实；事实 shape v. 塑造 n. 形状 rapid adj. 迅速的；瞬间的 responsible adj. 作为原因的；有责任的 responsible for sth 引起某事 expensive adj. 昂贵的；价格高的 stone n. 石头；岩石 birth n. 起源；诞生 officer n. 官员；高级职员 none pron. 没有一个；毫无 creation n. 创造；作品 cheap adj. 便宜的adv. 低廉地 ideal adj. 最合适的；理想的n. 理想；完美的人（或事物） suitable adj. 合适的；适宜的 certain adj. 某些；确定的pron.（不提及人或事物的名称时用）某些 speed up （使）加速 later on 后来；其后 result in 造成；导致 lead to 导致；造成 depend on 依赖；取决于 pour over 把……倒在……上 be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 be made from 由…… 制成（看不出原材料） in the Western/Eastern Han Dynasty 在西汉 / 东汉时期 句型 1. It, more than any other invention , was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world. 与其他任何发明相比，它更是信息快速传播的原因，而这种传播塑造了我们的现代世界。 2. Later on, the papermaking technique did not only speed up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. 后来，造纸术不仅加快了中国文化的发展，也改变了世界各地的文明。 3. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive. 然而，所有这些材料要么难以使用和保存，要么非常昂贵。 4. When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books. 在随后的几个世纪里，当纸和印刷术结合在一起时，书籍的数量迅速增加。 5. Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. 接下来，液体被倒在竹筛上，只留下纤维。 ) 一、单词默写。 1. ________ /riˈæləti/ n. 现实；事实 2. _______ /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 作为原因的；有责任的 3. ________ /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 迅速的；瞬间的 4. ________ /ʃeɪp/ v. 塑造 n. 形状 5. ________ /stəʊn/ n. 石头；岩石 6. ________ /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的；价格高的 7. ________ /ˈɒfɪsə(r)/ n. 官员；高级职员 8. _______ /nʌn/ pron. 没有一个；毫无 9. ________ /aɪˈdiːəl/ adj. 理想的n. 理想 10. ________ /ˈsɜːtn/ adj. 某些；确定的pron. 某些 11. ________/ˈsuːtəbl/ adj. 合适的；适宜的 12. _______ /tʃiːp/ adj. 便宜的adv.低廉地 13. ________ /kriˈeɪʃn/ n. 创造；作品 14. ________ /bɜːθ/ n. 起源；诞生 【答案】 1.reality 2.responsible 3.rapid 4.shape 5.stone 6.expensive 7.officer 8.none 9.ideal 10.certain 11.suitable 12.cheap 13.creation 14.birth 二、词组默写。 1. 引起某事；对…… 负责_______________________ 2. 依赖；取决于 ____________________ 3. （使）加速 __________ 4. 导致；造成；通向________ 5. 造成；导致________ 6. 适合做某事_______ 7. 由…… 制成（看不出原材料）________ 8. 后来；其后_______ 9. 在西汉 / 东汉时期_______________________ 10. 把……倒在……上___________________ 【答案】 1.be responsible for 2.depend on 3.speed up 4.lead to 5.result in 6.be suitable to do sth. 7.be made from 8.later on 9.in the Western/Eastern Han Dynasty 10.pour over 三、汉语提示填空题 1. 造纸术的发明对信息的快速传播负有重大责任。 The invention of papermaking ______ ______ ______ the rapid spread of information. 2. 液体被倒在 竹筛上，只留下了纤维。 The liquid ______ ______ ______ a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. 3. 这座古老的桥由坚固的石头建成，已经屹立了数百年。 This ancient bridge ______ strong stones and has stood for hundreds of years. 4. 造纸术的传播导致了书籍数量的迅速增长。 The spread of papermaking ______ ______ a rapid increase in the number of books. 5. 后来，蔡伦的造纸术传遍了世界各地。 ______ ______, Cai Lun’s papermaking technique spread all over the world. 6. 这种特殊的纸张适合用于水彩画。 This special paper ______ watercolor painting. 7. 我们的现代世界在很大程度上依赖于许多古代发明。 Our modern world greatly ______ ______ many ancient inventions. 8. 肥皂是由油脂和其他原料制成的。 Soap ______ ______ ______ oil and other materials. 9. 每天学习新技能会加快我们的成长，让我们成为更自信的青少年。 Learning new skills every day ______ ______ our growth and makes us become more confident teenagers. 10. 在某一段时期，人们使用昂贵的材料来书写。 For ______ ______ ______ of time, people used expensive materials to write on. 【答案】 1. was responsible for 2. was poured over 3. is made of 4. led to /resulted in 5. Later on 6. is suitable for 7. depends on 8. is made from 9. speeds up 10. a certain period 四、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Many old things ______ (make) of stone and wood hundreds of years ago. 2. The great invention was ______ (respond) for changing people’s way of life. 3. My brother became interested in ______ (create) new things in his free time. 4. The weather today is ______ (suit) to go for a walk in the park. 5. The liquid ______ (pour) over the bamboo screen just now. 【答案】 1. were made 2. responsible 3. creating 4. suitable 5. was poured 五、选词填空。 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给的词的适当形式填空，每个词限用一次。 another show    actual   with    carry invent  However   he  one good James Dyson is a famous British inventor. One of his well-known 1 is the bagless vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器). He invented it in 1978. Today Dyson still remembers that day. “I was the only man in the world 2 a bagless vacuum cleaner!” he said. Dyson, 74, wasn’t 3 an engineer at first. When he studied art at the Royal College of Art in London, he began 4 an interest in design (设计). There he invented his 5 product, the Sea Truck. It was a boat for 6 anything between islands. Then he started his first company (公司) to make and sell 7 invention, the Ball barrow, a kind of vehicle (交通工具). But later Dyson left his company because he didn’t agree with his partners. After that Dyson began to improve on the vacuum cleaner. In 1985, Dyson took his vacuum cleaners to Japan and allowed the Japanese to sell them. 8 , he didn’t make much money. Several years later Dyson decided to produce and sell the machine 9 . By 2005, Dyson controlled both the European and American markets. Along the way, Dyson discovered the secret of success, “The 10  the products are, the more people buy them. ” 【答案】1．inventions 2．with 3．actually 4．to show 5．first 6．carrying 7. another 8. However 9. himself 10. better 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲了英国著名发明家詹姆斯·戴森从对设计产生兴趣到发明无袋真空吸尘器，历经创业分歧、海外推广等过程，最终占据欧美市场并发现成功秘诀的经历。 1.句意：他众所周知的发明之一就是无尘袋真空吸尘器。根据句中的“one of”（……之一）可知，后面需要接可数名词的复数形式。备选词中的“invent”是动词，其名词形式为“invention”，复数形式为“inventions”。故填inventions。 2. 句意：“我是世界上唯一一个拥有无尘袋真空吸尘器的人！”他说。这里需要一个介词来表示“带有、拥有”。介词“with”符合语境，作后置定语修饰前面的“man”。故填with。 3. 句意：74岁的戴森起初其实并不是一名工程师。空格在系动词“wasn't”之后，用来修饰整个句子或强调事实，需要填入副词。备选词“actual”是形容词，其副词形式为“actually”，表示“实际上、其实”。故填actually。 4. 句意：当他在伦敦皇家艺术学院学习艺术时，他开始表现出对设计的兴趣。固定搭配“begin to do sth.”表示“开始做某事”。结合语境，他在学艺术期间“展现/表现”出了对设计的兴趣，因此选用动词“show”的不定式形式“to show”。 5. 句意：在那里他发明了他的第一个产品——海上卡车（Sea Truck）。根据上下文，这是他在学习期间的早期发明，且后文提到了“started his first company”（创办了他的第一家公司），因此这里填序数词“first”（第一）最符合逻辑。备选词中的“one”对应的序数词即为“first”。故填first。 6. 句意：那是一种用于在岛屿之间运送任何东西的船。介词“for”后面需要接动词的-ing形式（动名词）作宾语。根据句意，船的作用是“运送”物品，因此选用动词“carry”的动名词形式“carrying”。故填carrying。 7. 句意：然后他创办了自己的第一家公司来制造和销售另一项发明——球轮手推（Ballbarrow）。 前文已经提到了他的第一个产品“Sea Truck”，这里的“Ballbarrow”是他的又一项发明。表示“（三者或以上中的）另一个，又一个”，应用备选词中的“another”。故填“another”。 8. 句意：然而，他并没有赚很多钱。前一句提到他把吸尘器带到日本销售，后一句说没赚多少钱，前后句意构成了明显的转折关系。位于句首且用逗号隔开的转折副词，应填备选词“However”。 9. 句意：几年后，戴森决定自己生产和销售这台机器。根据句意，他之前是允许日本人卖，后来决定“亲自、自己”来做这件事。主语是Dyson（男性），因此选用反身代词“himself”作同位语，强调是他本人。备选词中的“he”对应的反身代词即为“himself”。故填himself。 10. 句意：一路走来，戴森发现了成功的秘诀：“产品越好，买的人就越多。”这里考查的是英语中经典的“The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...”句型，意为“越……，就越……”。根据后半句的“the more people buy them”（买的人就越多）可以判断，前半句同样需要用形容词的比较级。备选词中的“good”的比较级是“better”，故填better。 六、阅读还原。 People often use the natural world as inspiration for their inventions. 1 Here are some examples. Animals can do many things that humans can’t do, like flying or staying underwater for a long time. 2 Thanks to it, people can travel far in the air. This has helped to develop trade and travelling. The idea of the submarine (潜水艇) comes from a sea animal. It can travel underwater. 3 Plants around us are also great sources of ideas for other wonderful inventions. The self-cleaning glass window and the cloth used to make umbrellas were both inspired by the leaves of a lotus plant, with their ability to wash away dirty things in the rain. 4 Georges de Mestral was a Swiss engineer who, while walking his dog in the forest in, noticed that his coat was covered in burrs (苍耳). Through a microscope, he discovered that burrs were able to attach themselves to clothing and other surfaces. This observation sparked his inspiration, finally leading to the invention of Velcro. It has become a fastener (扣件) for shoes, jackets and even spacesuits. 5 Scientists and inventors have tried to learn more about things in nature to create better, stronger and safer tools for our everyday life. A．Another product is Velcro. B．The plane is one of the greatest inventions in our history. C．It is very useful to scientists in learning about the undersea world. D．However, not all inventions come from nature. E．By watching animals and plants, they invent new things to serve humans. F. It is true that nature has inspired lots of inventions and technologies. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．F 【导语】本文介绍了几个从大自然中获得启示而发明的东西。 1．根据“People often use the natural world as inspiration for their inventions”可知此处引出话题，即人们从大自然中获得启示，选项E“通过看动物和植物，它们发明新的东西来服务人类”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据“Thanks to it, people can travel far in the air.”可知此处提到飞机，选项B“飞机是我们历史上最伟大的发明之一”符合语境，故选B。 3．根据“The idea of the submarine (潜水艇) comes from a sea animal. It can travel underwater”可知此处提到潜水艇，选项C“它对于科学家来说非常有用能够了解水下的世界”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据“Georges de Mestral was a Swiss engineer who, while walking his dog in the forest in, noticed that his coat was covered in burrs (苍耳).”可知此处提到一位工程师从苍耳中发明了魔术贴，选项A“另一个产品是魔术贴”符合语境，故选A。 5．根据“Scientists and inventors have tried to learn more about things in nature to create better, stronger and safer tools for our everyday life.”可知本段是总结，应照应开头，选项F“大自然确实启示了很多发明和科技”符合语境，故选F。 七、阅读理解。 Inventions That Changed Our Life and the Environment Inventions have a great influence on our life. Some inventions not only make our life more convenient but also help protect the environment. The solar panel is one such invention. It was invented in the 1950s. It can turn sunlight into electricity, which helps save energy. Many people prefer to use solar panels in their homes because they are eco-friendly and can reduce electricity bills. Another useful invention is the reusable water bottle. Before it was invented, people used a lot of plastic bottles, which caused serious pollution. Reusable water bottles are usually made of stainless steel or glass, which can be used many times. They are popular among people who care about the environment. The electric car is also a great invention for the environment. It was invented to replace traditional cars that use gasoline. Electric cars don’t produce waste gas, so they are good for air quality. More and more people are choosing electric cars as their daily transportation. These inventions show that technology can help us live a better and greener life. We should support eco-friendly inventions and do our part to protect the environment. 1．Why did people use to use a lot of plastic bottles? A．Because they were cheap. B．Because they were heavy. C．Because reusable bottles were not invented. D．Because they were good for the environment. 2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The history of plastic bottles. B．The harm of plastic pollution. C．The invention of reusable water bottles. D．The materials of reusable water bottles. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about the electric car? A．It was invented in the 1950s. B．It runs on sunlight. C．It does not produce waste gas. D．It is more polluting than traditional cars. 4．What do the three inventions have in common? A．They are all expensive. B．They are all eco-friendly. C．They were invented in the same year. D．They are all made of plastic. 5．What is the writer’s attitude towards eco-friendly inventions? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Uninterested. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了三种改变生活和环境的发明：太阳能电池板、可重复使用的水瓶和电动汽车，并强调了它们对环保的积极影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“Another useful invention is the reusable water bottle. Before it was invented, people used a lot of plastic bottles…”可知，过去人们大量使用塑料瓶是因为可重复使用的水瓶尚未发明。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据“Another useful invention is the reusable water bottle…Reusable water bottles are usually made of stainless steel or glass, which can be used many times. They are popular among people who care about the environment.”可知，第3段主要介绍了可重复使用的水瓶的发明及其环保意义。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Electric cars don’t produce waste gas…”可知，电动汽车不排放废气。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“The solar panel…helps save energy”、“Another useful invention is the reusable water bottle”以及“Electric cars don’t produce waste gas, so they are good for air quality”可知，三种发明的共同点是环保：太阳能电池板节约能源、可重复使用的水瓶减少塑料污染、电动汽车无废气。故选B。 5．观点态度题。根据“We should support eco-friendly inventions and do our part to protect the environment.”可知，作者支持环保发明。故选A。 八、完形填空。 When I was a child, my grandfather told me a story about how the umbrella was invented. The first umbrellas were used in China and Egypt over 4,000 years ago. They weren’t for rain, 1 for protecting people from the sun. In ancient times, only important people like kings and queens used them. The umbrella, as we know it today, has 2 long and interesting history. It is believed that the Chinese were the first to 3 waterproof (防水的) umbrellas by waxing (上蜡) their paper umbrellas. From China, the umbrella 4 to other parts of the world. In the 18th century, the umbrella became popular in Europe. An Englishman named Jonas Hanway was one of the first people to keep 5 an umbrella in England. At first, people laughed at him. But soon, many others started to use umbrellas too. Today, umbrellas come in many different colors and styles. They are used by millions of people around the world. It’s amazing that such a 6 object has such a long history. The invention of the umbrella shows human creativity in solving 7 problems. This story made me realize that many great inventions were created to meet basic human 8 . They have been improved by generations (一代人) of people. Next time you use an umbrella, remember that you are using an invention with a 9 of thousands of years. It’s not just a tool; it’s a piece of 10 that connects us to our past and bridges the eastern and western countries. 1．A．and B．but C．so 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．buy B．make C．sell 4．A．walked B．flew C．spread 5．A．repairing B．designing C．using 6．A．simple B．expensive C．modern 7．A．difficult B．social C．daily 8．A．needs B．dreams C．hobbies 9．A．journey B．price C．history 10．A．art B．nature C．culture 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了雨伞的起源（中国和埃及4000多年前的早期用途）、发展历程（从防晒到防水、从中国传播至世界各地、在欧洲的普及），以及雨伞的现代价值，体现了人类的创造力和其承载的文化意义。 1．句意：它们不是用来防雨的，而是用来保护人们免受阳光照射的。​ 根据空格前“weren’t for rain”与空后“for protecting people from the sun”构成转折关系，应用but，表示“不是……而是……”。and表并列、so表因果，均无法体现此处转折含义。 2．句意：我们今天所知道的雨伞，有着一段悠久而有趣的历史。 伞有一段悠久而有趣的历史，此语境中history为单数可数名词，且long以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。an用于元音音素开头单词前，the表特指，均不符合此处用法。 3．句意：人们认为，中国人是最早通过给纸伞上蜡来制作防水雨伞的。 根据下文“by waxing their paper umbrellas”这一制作方式，应用make，表示“制作防水雨伞”。buy“购买”和sell“售卖”，与上蜡制作雨伞的语境无关。 4．句意：雨伞从中国传播到了世界其他地区。 上文讲述雨伞起源于中国，空后为“to other parts of the world”，表示传播方向，应用spread。walked“行走”和flew“飞翔”，均不能用于描述物品的传播范围。 5．句意：一个名叫乔纳斯·汉韦的英国人是英国最早持续使用雨伞的人之一。 下文提到很多人也开始用伞，可知Jonas Hanway是英国最早“使用”伞的人之一，应用using。repairing“修理”和designing“设计”，与后文人们效仿使用雨伞的语境不符。 6．句意：令人惊叹的是，这样一个简单的物品竟有着如此悠久的历史。 根据上文雨伞颜色样式多样、用途普遍，以及与空后long history的对比，应用simple，表示“如此简单的物品却有如此长的历史”。expensive“昂贵的”和modern“现代的”，均不能体现这种反差。 7．句意：雨伞的发明体现了人类在解决日常问题时的创造力。 根据前文雨伞最初用于遮阳，后发展为遮雨，这些均为人们日常生活中的实际问题，应用daily。difficult“困难的”和social“社会的”，与雨伞的实际使用场景不匹配。 8．句意：这个故事让我意识到，许多伟大的发明都是为了满足人类的基本需求而创造的。 伟大发明是为满足人类的基本需求，应用needs。dreams“梦想”和hobbies“爱好”，并非发明创造的核心目的。 9．句意：下次你使用雨伞时，请记住，你正在使用一项拥有数千年历史的发明。 根据后文“thousands of years”及全文讲述雨伞的演变过程，应用history。journey侧重“旅程”，price“价格”，均不能与“数千年”搭配表示时间跨度。 10．句意：它不仅仅是一种工具；它更是一件连接我们与过去、架起东西方国家桥梁的文化产物。 伞连接过去、沟通东西方，是一种“文化”载体，应用culture。art“艺术”和nature“自然”，无法体现连接东西方与历史的内涵。 Part 1: Read and Explore It was a rainy, windy October afternoon. Garth stood outside his house with a wide smile. The weather was perfect for testing his new invention—Umbrella Hat. He could hardly wait to see whether it could keep the rain off. He walked along the street. The hat worked. Suddenly, three boys in his neighborhood appeared and stopped him. Todd, the oldest one, pulled his Umbrella Hat off his head. “What’s this?” he asked. “It’s an Umbrella Hat. You can wear it on rainy days and…” Garth said. The boy laughed, “Will anyone wear that stupid thing?” Todd threw the hat onto the ground and then ran off. Garth picked up his Umbrella Hat from the ground with tears. “Maybe Todd was right. In reality (现实), who would ever need my invention?” He lowered his head and said to himself. Suddenly, he raised his head and saw a lady looking at him. “I was just leaving my house when I saw you and those boys. Are you okay?” Then she saw the broken Umbrella Hat and asked, “Er…what’s that?” “It’s my Umbrella Hat. I thought it out and made it by myself,” answered Garth. “What a creative mind you have! Don’t ever let stupid boys play jokes on you! Keep inventing and one day you will create something really great!” she said. “And you’ve given me a wonderful idea,” she continued. “I have a gadget (小器具) shop—Gadgets 4U. I’d like to hold a competition to find the best young gadget inventor in our town. I’ll display (展示) three best inventions. I’m sure you’ll have a chance of winning a prize.” Garth was very surprised. Gadgets 4U was one of his favorite places. The thought of having his invention displayed in that wonderful place was so exciting. He suddenly felt much better and could already feel lots of new ideas coming out! Part 2: Skills Challenge Task 1: Critical Thinking (批判性思维) 1. Why did Garth feel sad after Todd took away his Umbrella Hat? ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What encouragement did the lady give to Garth? Write one sentence. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 请用一句英文概括故事启示（须含 invent/invention）： ________________________________________________________________________________ Task 2: Language Focus（聚焦本课被动语态） 改写句子，改为被动语态，每空一词： 1. Todd threw the hat onto the ground. The hat ______ ______ onto the ground by Todd. 2. Garth made the Umbrella Hat by himself. The Umbrella Hat ______ ______ by Garth alone. 3. The shop will display his best inventions. His best inventions ______ ______ ______ in the shop. Task 3: Creative Project 创意输出 请完成句子：写出 2 个做法。 We should never laugh at others’ inventions and 1._______________ new ideas bravely. Also, we all know how wonderful inventions 2._______________ by creative young people. Part 3: Think and Create（Interview 口语任务） Suppose you are the lady from Gadgets 4U, and your partner is Garth. Make up a short dialogue with at least one passive sentence and one object clause. ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Task 1 1.Because Todd laughed at his invention and threw his Umbrella Hat on the ground. 2. She told him to keep inventing and he would create something great one day. 3. We should keep trying even if our inventions are laughed at.（开放合理即可） Task 2 被动语态填空 1. was thrown 2. was made 3. will be displayed Task 3 1. create /explore / share 2. are made / created / are invented Part 3: Think and Create (口语任务范例) Lady (Shop Owner): Hello Garth! I heard that your Umbrella Hat was thrown on the ground by those boys. Are you okay? Garth: Yes, I am. I was sad, but I realized that I shouldn't give up my dream.  Lady: That's the spirit! I believe that your invention will be loved by many people in the future.  ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $