内容正文:
专题01 语法填空——有提示词的填空
内容导航
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命题透视·考情前瞻
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对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
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思维建模·脉络梳理
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搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
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考点精讲·靶向突破
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拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
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考点一 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
知识解构
知识点1
动词的时态
知识点2
动词语态 知识点3 主谓一致
考向破译
考向
1
考查有明确时间状语的动词时态 考向02 考查隐含时间状语的动词时态
考向3 考查固定句型中的时态 考向4 考查利用平行关系解决时态问题 考向5 考查利用语境解决时态问题 考向6 考查动词的语态 考向7 考查主谓一致
考点二
提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
知识解构
知识点1
非谓语动词作状语
知识点2
非谓语动词作定语
知识点3
非谓语动词作表语
知识点
4
非谓语动词作宾语
知识点
5
非谓语动词作主语
知识点
6
非谓语动词作补足语
考向破译
考向01 考查非谓语动词作主语 考向02 考查非谓语动词作状语 考向03 考查非谓语动词作宾补
考向04 考查非谓语动词作定语
考向0
5 考查非谓语动词
作
宾语
考向0
6 考查非谓语动词作表语
考点
三
提示词为动词—考查转换为名词或形容词
知识解构
知识点
1 动词变为名词
知识点 2 动词变为形容词
考向破译
考向
01
考查动词转换成形容词
考向
02 动词转换成名词
考点
四
提示词为名词—考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换
知识解构
知识点1
名词复数
知识点 2
名词所有格 知识点 3 提示词是名词的词形转换
考向破译
考向01 考查提示词是名词的词形转换 考向02 考查名词复数
考向0
3
考查
名词所有格
考点
五
提示词为形容词、副词—考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换
知识解构
知识点1
形容词、副词的词性转化
知识点2
形容词、副词比较等级
知识点3 形容词、副词的比较级相关的句型
考向破译
考向01 考查形容词转换
成名词
考向02
考查
形容词、副词的词形转换
考向三 考查形容词、副词的比较级及相关句型
考点
六
提示词为代词—考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词
知识解构
知识点
1 人称代词
知识点 2
物主代词
知识点3 反身代词
知识点4 与it相关的句型
考向破译
考向
01
考查代词的句法功能
考向
02 考查代词的词形转换 考向三 考查代词it的用法
考点
七
提示词为基数词—考查其序数词或其他形式
知识解构
知识点
1 基数词和序数词的相互转换
知识点 2 与数词相关的表达法
考向破译
考向
01
考查基数词和序数词的转化
考向
02 考查与数词相关的表达法
考点
三
有提示词的语法填空基本知识的综合运用
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0
4
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真题溯源·考向感知
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溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
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命题透视·考情前瞻
——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
语法填空之无提示词填空
年份
卷别
词数
有提示词
无提示词
谓语
非谓语
名词
形容词副词
代词
介词
冠词
数词
并列句
连词
2026
全国I卷
225
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
全国II卷
264
1
2
2
2
1
2
浙江卷(1月)
213
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
2025
全国一卷
237
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
全国二卷
224
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
浙江卷(1月)
226
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
2024
新课标I卷
243
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
新课标Ⅱ卷
220
2
3
2
1
1
1
全国甲卷
223
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
考情分析:
1.从命题内容上看,高考命题主要从以下几方面考查:一、考查中国传统文化。二、考查人物故事。三、考查科学技术进步。四、考查跨学科融合。五、考查中外文化交流,国际视野。注重通过语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴,引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀,坚定文化自信,拓展国际视野,在跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解,推动世界文明共同发展。
2.从命题思路上看:
(1)考查谓语动词一般都给出比较具体的时间状语,考生能通过时间状语确定相应的时态,难度适中;
(2)非谓语动词的考查多集中在作定语或状语成分上,难点是根据语境确定用哪种非谓语动词形式;
(3)形容词和副词考查频繁,但难度较小,一般考查词形转换,考查比较等级是相对较难的方向。
(4)名词考查主要考查:名词的单复数、名词所有格、词形转换
(5)代词考查较少,主要考查:代词的格、形容词性物主代词、反身代词。
预计2027年谓语动词和非谓语动词仍然是命题的重点,名词、形容词和副词的词形转换必考。复习过程中熟记词形转换的词,熟练掌握非谓语动词的各种形式的用法及意义,掌握谓语动词的时态形式和意义。
复习目标:1.熟记各种词形转换的单词。
2.熟练掌握非谓语动词和谓语动词的时态的用法和意义。
3.熟练掌握形容词和副词的比较级的用法。
4.熟记名词和代词的不同形式及用法
思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
知●识●解●构
知识点1 动词的时态
一、确定作谓语
分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但空处所填词与之是并列关系时,空处就用谓语动词。
若填谓语动词,就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
(1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态;
(2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态;
(3)根据人称和数,确保主谓一致。
二、确定时态
1.根据具体的时间状语:常见的时态的时间状语标志词
时态
时间状语
一般现在时
now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等
一般过去时
yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等
一般将来时
next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等
现在进行时
now, at present, at this moment等
现在完成时
since+时间点,in/over the past... years, in recent years, for+时间段, so far等
过去完成时
by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等
2.根据具并列关系:
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
3.根据常用句式定时态:
(1)was/were doing... when...+一般过去时
(2)was/were about to do... when...+一般过去时
(3)it is the+序数词+time+that...+现在完成时
(4)it was the+序数词+time+that...+过去完成时
(5)No sooner had+主语+done... than+一般过去时
(6)Hardly/Scarcely had+主语+done... when+一般过去时
(7)It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时
4.根据语境暗示。没有标志性的时间状语,且其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过正确理解语境暗示解题,也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。
知识点2 动词的语态
确定语态
1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系
(1)分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主动关系,应考虑用主动语态;若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为:be+过去分词。
(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态,再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
2.主动表被动
(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时;
(2)当read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时;
知识点3 主谓一致
确定“主谓一致”
项目
主语
谓语动词
语法
一致
不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of+复数可数名词
单数
复数可数名词,and连接的两个名词,a number of+复数可数名词
复数
(together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语
与前面主语一致
意义
一致
“the+形容词”表示抽象概念;强调整体的集合名词
单数
“the+形容词”表示一类人或物;强调个体的集合名词
复数
就近
一致
neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语;“here/there+谓语+主语”结构中的主语不止一个时
与邻近主语一致
考●向●破●译
考向1 考查有明确时间状语的动词时态
例1(2026·天津第一次高考)By the time the meeting started, all of the data ______(collect)in advance.
例2(2026·全国I卷)As transportation and communication 59 (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily necessities.
来自高考的易错提醒
在考场上,考生一定要注意语法填空中的时间状语,见到时间状语先用笔划出来以提醒自己,这是做动词时态和语态的关键线索和判断依据。
考向2 考查隐含时间状语的动词时态
例2(2022•新高考I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
来自高考的易错提醒
1.本题中的解题关键是:previously (之前地),可是很多考生不知道这个词的意思,造成解题失误。如果考生不能准确理解文章的意思,试题中will也对考生造成误导,由将来时转到一般过去时的跨度较大。再者,本句还是一个长难句。
2.找准试题中的时间关键线索是解题的关键所在。
3.高考试题中的主谓一致一般难度都较小,只要我们能判断出真正的主语是谁或者说主语的核心词是谁就可以了。本题中areas是主语,故用were。
考向3 考查固定句型中的时态
例1 (2022·新课标II卷)Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
例2 No sooner had Mary communicated with the interviewers than she (make) a favorable impression on them.
例3Hardly had he arrived in Hong Kong when she (ring) me up.
思维建模 利用常用句型解决时态问题
1.It was the first time that…句型that从句用过去完成时。
It was the first time that I had seen such a wonderful movie.当时那是我第一次看这么精彩的电影。
2.It is the first time that....句型表示“第一次……”,从句用现在完成时;
It was the last time that we had toured the aerospace exhibition.那是我们最后一次参观这场航天展。
3.hardly…when…和no sooner… than…句型主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,表示“刚一……就”。
No sooner had we set off than a strong wind came.我们刚出发就刮起大风。
4.I’d rather that....从句表示与现在或将来事实相反,都用一般过去时。
I’d rather that more young people loved traditional Chinese paintings. (与现在事实相反)
我希望现在更多年轻人喜爱中国传统国画。
I’d rather that new aircraft carried more cultural exhibits abroad. (与将来事实相反)
我希望新型客机将来运送更多文物出国展出。
考向4 考查利用平行关系解决时态问题
例1(2021·浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture.
例2(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _______(throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
思维建模 利用平行关系解决时态问题
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
考向5 考查利用语境解决时态问题
例1(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
例2(2022·浙江卷)When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
考向6 考查动词的语态
例1(2021·浙江1月卷)It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.
例2 (2024·新高考II卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
思维建模 确定谓语动词语态的关键
确定谓语动词语态的关键是弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系。如果所给动词的主语是动作的执行者,则用主动语态;若所给动词的主语是动作的承受者,则用被动语态。
1.“一定”辨明主语、谓语和时态。
2.牢记常考时态的被动语态结构,一般时态中be done=get/become done; 牢记主动表被动含义的常见结构,如“用作不及物意义的动词+副词”。
考向7 考查主谓一致
例1(2026·全国II卷)In tai chi, the dan tian is your qi core and qi in Chinese means life force. Now, I 60 (suppose) to feel the weight on my legs and sink my dan tian.
例2(2026·广东广州市普通高中毕业班考前冲刺题(一))These tours satisfy curiosity about how everyday products (make) while also offering confidence that the country’s technological foundations remain strong.
例3(2026·江西萍乡市高三二模)With the Chinese New Year atmosphere lingering, a vibrant Yingge performance (stage) by Chinese and Thai performers in eastern Thailand.
考点二 提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
知●识●解●构
确定作非谓语
分析句子结构,所给提示词是动词时,若句中已有谓语动词,又无连词时,则考虑填非谓语动词。
知识点1非谓语动词作状语
1.寻找线索
(1)挖空句有谓语动词,通常用逗号把状语与主干分隔开。
(2)我们需要认真分析句子结构,明确句子成分,先甄别出句子的主干,再确定用哪种形式作状语。
2.解题指导
(1)找句子主干:认真阅读挖空的句子,找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语),从而正确理解句意。
(2)确定谓语动词和非谓语动词:分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
(3)确定填哪种非谓语动词形式:
①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系:表目的,用to do; 表出乎意料的结果,用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果,用doing。
②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系:表动作还未发生,用to be done; 表动作已经发生,用done。
知识点2非谓语动词作定语
1.寻找线索
(1)空格可在名词或代词之前,也可在名词或代词之后,对该名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。
(2)如果有逗号隔开,放在名词或代词之后,通常对该名词进行补充说明,其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
2.解题指导
(1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者,通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。
(2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。
(3)如果表示未发生的动作,且名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用动词不定式作定语。
知识点3非谓语动词作表语
1.寻找线索
非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, become, get, seem, appear, look, turn等之后,描述主语的特点或状态。
2.解题指导
(1)主语是表示人的名词或代词,通常用过去分词作表语,表示主语的心情和感受。
(2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词,通常用现在分词作表语,表示事物的特点。
(3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。
知识点4非谓语动词作宾语
1.寻找线索
动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构:
得分速记
(1)介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语,注意to的身份识别。
(2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语:advise, admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustomed to, be devoted to, lead to, object to等。
(3)在下列动词之后,常接不定式作宾语:decide, demand, offer, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
2.解题指导
(1)仔细观察挖空的句子。
(2)找出(句子的)谓语动词。
(3)确定填动名词还是动词不定式。
知识点5非谓语动词作主语
1.寻找线索
主语是谓语陈述的对象,通常位于句首。动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)都可以充当主语。
2.解题指导
(1)句中缺少主语,找到句子的谓语部分,确定应用doing还是to do作主语。
(2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing,表具体某一次的动作用to do。
(3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型:
①It's +adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(+for/of sb)+to do sth
②It's no use/no good/no fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth
③It takes sb+some time/money+to do sth
知识点6非谓语动词作补足语
1.寻找线索
动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。
得分速记
(1)不定式作宾补:allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell等+sb to do sth。
(2)have sb/sth doing “让某人/某物一直做”; have sb/sth done “使某人/某物被……”。
(3)with复合结构
①with+宾语+to do,表示动作还未发生;
②with+宾语+doing,表示主动、动作正在进行;
③with+宾语+done,表示被动、动作已完成。
2.解题指导
(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语,通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
(2)现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的发出者,表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。
(3)过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的承受者,表示一个完成的、被动的动作。
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查非谓语动词作主语
例1(2026·全国I卷)Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them 56 (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals.
例2 (2021·英语全国甲卷)It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
例3 His (fail) in the exam again made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.
例4 Nowadays, (equip) with a knowledge of computer is an essential qualification for most of the posts in the job market.
思维建模 非谓语动词作主语
不定式作主语:
1.不定式作主语:动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
2.表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来发生的动作,多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时,多用doing作主语。
3.在下列两个句型中it是形式主语,不定式是真正主语;of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语:
A. It is/was + 形容词(of sb)to do sth.
【赞扬,责备的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语:wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous,considerate…】
B. It is/was + 形容词(for sb)to do sth.
【以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语:easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。多数情况都用for sb作逻辑主语。】
1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old.
2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do.
考向二 考查非谓语动词作状语
例1 (2026·全国I卷)In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. 62 (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands which serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup.
例2 (2026年1月浙江卷)Mum is small, but I remember feeling so high up there. She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes 39 (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, excitement and tension building to that final moment: BEEP!
例3 (2026·天津第一次高考)______ (check)time on the watch, all of us wondered if the VIP could come on time.
例4(2023·全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
思维建模 非谓语动词作状语
1.找句子主干:认真阅读挖空的句子,找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语),从而正确理解句意。
2.确定谓语动词和非谓语动词:分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
3.确定填哪种非谓语动词形式:
①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系:表目的,用to do; 表出乎意料的结果,用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果,用doing。
②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系:表动作还未发生,用to be done; 表动作已经发生,用done。
考向三 考查非谓语动词作宾补
例1(2026年1月浙江卷)There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉) 36 (finish) heating, but my mum did it.
例2(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
动词不定式在平时模拟考试中,考查的频度较大,导致很多学生产生思维定势,见到不定式的题就用一般式to do的形式,这是平时训练的缺陷。临近高考前要进一步强化,做到查漏补缺。
例3 (2022·浙江卷)Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).
思维建模 不定式作宾语补足语
①常接不定式作宾补的动词有:ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/
need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer sb to do……:
例:Miss Janson persuaded the boy not to smoke any more.
②在feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时,后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to; 但以上动词如为被动语态,后面接的动词前要加to。
1)Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard.
2)The teacher is often listened to to sing the English song at home.
考向四 考查非谓语动词作定语
例1 (2025年1月·浙江卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.
例2 (2024·新高考II卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
例3 (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。
表示心理状态的动词-ing形式,意为“令人……的”;动词-ed形式,意为“(人)感到……的”,也可修饰体现内心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名词。
考向五 考查非谓语动词作宾语
例1(2026·全国I卷)Before 64 (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly cheaper than those found in supermarkets.
例2(2026·全国II卷)At the end of the lesson, I feel wide awake, despite it still 64 (be) early at 8 am.
例3 (2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 41 (catch)our attention because of their large size and variety.
思维建模 不定式作宾语
1.常接不定式作宾语的词:like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/afford/offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/choose/pretend/arrange to do…:
2.it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…We find it necessary to master German and French.
考向六 考查非谓语动词作表语
例1 (2018新课标III卷)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____________(challenge).
例2I participated in a volunteer activity organized by the school, the aim of which is (beautify) our city and promote people's awareness of environmental protection.
例3We all rely on it that respecting others is (respect) ourselves.
例4We were (impress) by the small class size with no more than 15 students in each classroom.
考点三 提示词为动词—考查转换为名词或形容词
知●识●解●构
知识点 1 动词变为名词
名词后缀
示例
-er/
-or
announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员
instruct→instructor 指导者,教师 design→designer设计师
-ment
achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论;论据
equip →equipment装备;设备 govern→government政府
-y
recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现
-ance/
-ence
appear→appearance出现;外貌 perform→performance表演;表现
prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考,查阅
-ure/
-ture
fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力
depart→departure离开;出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
-ing
hear→hearing听力,听觉 begin→beginning开始
build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
-ion/
-tion/
-sion/
correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝
conclude→conclusion结论;结束 discuss→discussion讨论;论述
decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认;准许加入
permit→permission允许,许可 invite→invitation邀请
explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望
知识点 2 动词变为形容词
形容词后缀
示例
-able
enjoy vt.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的
suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的
-ed
frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的
-ing
convince vt.说服,使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的
thrill vt.使兴奋 → thrilling adj.令人兴奋的
-ful
forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的
succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的
-ive
comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的
create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造力的
-ant
tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的,容忍的
ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的,愚昧的
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查动词转换成形容词
例1(2026·全国II卷)The movements have 62 (describe) names like “holding the bowl” and “grabbing the bird’s tail.”
一轮复习要注意词形转换的全面总结,不能疏漏特殊变化,此处describe——descriptive与原形变化较大,容易被忽视,需强化记忆。
例2 (2024·新高考I卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.
例3 (2023·新高考I卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
形容词后缀-able
1.能……的;可……的
rely→reliable 可信赖的,可依靠的
特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间
change→changeable 易变的
admire→admirable 可钦佩的
believe→believable 可相信的
2.具有……的特点
enjoy→enjoyable 令人愉快的
特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间
value→valuable 有价值的
knowledge→knowledgeable 有丰富知识的,博学的
考向二 考查动词转换成名词
例1(2026·全国II卷)Angela, a tai chi 57 (instruct) with twenty-eight years of experience, says that a successful hour of tai chi is an hour with no negative thoughts.
例2(2026年1月浙江卷)She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes watching the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, 40 (excite) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP!
例3 (2025年1月·浙江卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing.
例4(2024年1月浙江高考真题)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items.
例5(2025·八省联考)As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 45 (innovate), and its inclusiveness. China, on its part, will also embrace (拥抱) the world with greater openness and make new contributions to the international community.
考点四 提示词为名词—考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换
知●识●解●构
知识点1 名词复数
1. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式
(1)一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s:book→ books, mouth→ mouths, house→ houses, girl→ girls
(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es:glass→ glasses, box→ boxes, match→ matches
(3)以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es;city→ cities, country→ countries, party→ parties
(4) 【注意】以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s:radios, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos;加-es的有以下词:heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。
(5) 【注意】以-f,-fe结尾的名词
①少数直接加-s:roof→ roofs,belief→ beliefs。
②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es:self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half。
2.名词在不定代词few, a few, other, all, both, many, several等后时,要想到用复数形式。
3.谓语动词为复数形式,要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。
4.【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数,如child→ children, man→ men, tooth→ teeth, foot→ feet, woman→ women等。但human→ humans(准确记住不规则变化一轮复习不留知识死角。)
5.有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等,如congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。
6.【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式,常见的有:make friends with(与……交朋友)、shake hands with...(与……握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make preparations for(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。
7.常考的不可数名词
(1)表物质的不可数名词:baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。
(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词:work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)等。
(3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词:advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。(一定记牢)
得分速记
名词单复数的形式比较复杂,注意掌握好以下的情况
(1)有些名词一般不用复数形式,但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别
fishes各种鱼;fruits各种水果;steels各种钢材
(2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义
snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人,two peoples两个民族
(3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时,为物质名词,不可数
The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时,则为个体名词,可数;如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作 “眼镜”解时,须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses
(4)paper一词作“纸”解时,不可数
write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时,则可数,如: hand in your test papers
(5)物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词,要根据情况使用单数或复数形式
a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap
(6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义
time(时间)→times( 时代,次,倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作,工厂,工事)
air(空气) →airs( 气派,架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌)
custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息)
arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金)
glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物)
compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗)
知识点2 名词所有格
1.有生命的名词,其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。
2.表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格。
3.无生命的名词,借用of表示所属关系。
4.【注意】如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)
5.【注意】双重所有格:“a/two/some... +名词+of+名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友
two photos of hers 她的两张照片
知识点3 提示词是名词的词形转换
1.名词考查转化为形容词或动词的后缀
后缀
示例
--y
sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的
--ed
balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
--ful
meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
--able
suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的
--ous
courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的
--al
addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的
--ly
friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的
--en
wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的
--cal
politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的
--ant
significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的
--cial
commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的
-en
deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长
后缀
示例
--y
sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的
--ed
balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
--ful
meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
--able
suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的
--ous
courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的
--al
addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的
--ly
friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的
--en
wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的
--cal
politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的
--ant
significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的
--cial
commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的
-en
deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长
2.名词转化为名词后缀
后缀
例词
-ian/
-ist/
music→ musician音乐家politics→ politician政治家
science→ scientist科学家piano→ pianist钢琴家
①history→ historian历史学家library→ librarian图书管理员
②cycle→ cyclist骑自行车的人
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查提示词是名词的词形转换
例1(2026·天津第一次高考改编)Learning is really _______(pain). I know your feeling. Most people feel the same way. Just hold on.
例2(2023浙江1月卷)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by (space) homes and walled gardens.
space难度不大,但考查其形容词形式,却难倒了很多学生。原因在于本词的形容词出现的较少,被学生忽视。所以一轮复习一定要注意比较特殊词的词形变化。确保不漏易混易错考点,不留知识死角。
例3 (2024新课标I卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful.
例4 (2023全国乙卷)The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
考向二 考查名词复数
例1(2026·全国I卷)As transportation and communication were underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily 60 (necessity).
例2(2026年1月浙江卷)One of my earliest memories is being held in her arms, counting down the flashing green 38 (number) together.
例3 (2021·新高考I卷 )The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we (human) are.
来自高考的易错提醒
注意不规则名词的复数,尤其是不要进行错误推理,要全面复习。2021年高考中的human的复数形式,很多同学因为类比出现错误,误写成humen。
例4 (2025年1月·浙江卷)As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
例5(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
思维建模 判断名词复数方法
根据规则确定名词单复数
1.如果空格处被these, several, many和数词等修饰时, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
2.如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
考向三 考查名词所有格
例1 (2025年1月·浙江卷) “I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
例2 (2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)“He saved my ______ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.
思维建模 名词的所有格
1.如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)
2.双重所有格:“a/two/some... +名词+of+名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友
two photos of hers 她的两张照片
考点五 提示词为形容词、副词—考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换
知●识●解●构
知识点1 形容词、副词的词性转化
1.形容词的词形转换
类别
例词
词尾加-y
cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy
词尾加-(e)d
gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited
词尾加ing
surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening
词尾加-ful/-less
meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless
词尾加-able
comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable
词尾加-ous
danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous
词尾的-ce变为-t
confidence→confident, difference→different
词尾加-al
music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional
词尾加-ly
friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely
词尾加-en
wood→wooden, wool→woolen
其他常见变化
energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific
以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等),以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)
动词词尾加ive/ative
attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective
2.副词的词形转换规律总结
类别
例词
形容词+后缀-ly
clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词,把y变成i再加-ly
happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/,直接加ly)
词尾为ble/le的形容词,去掉e,再加-y
terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外:whole→wholly)
词尾为-ue的形容词,去掉e再加-ly
true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)
词尾为-ll的形容词,直接加-y
full→fully, dull→dully
词尾为-ic的形容词,加-ally
basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically
3.形容词转换成名词规律总结
1. adj+cy
efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利
accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私
2. adj+dom
bore→boredom无聊 free→freedom自由
易错提醒:wise→wisdom明智;智慧
3. adj+ce
abundant→abundance丰富;充裕 distant→distance距离;远方
important→importance重要性 reluctant→reluctance不情愿;勉强
tolerant→tolerance宽容;容忍 significant→signiciance重要性
4. adj+th
deep→depth深度 long→length长度
wide→width宽度 strong→strength力量
warm→warmth温暖 young→youth青春;青年
true→truth真理
5. adj+ness
kind→kindness善良 happy→happiness快乐
friendly→friendliness友善 dark→darkness黑暗
weak→weakness虚弱 bitter→bitterness苦味;痛苦
aware→awareness意识 lonely→loneliness孤独
6. adj+ty后缀
cruel→cruelty残忍 loyal→loyalty忠诚
secure→security安全 varied→variety种类
responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实
知识点2 形容词、副词比较等级
形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成(+er/est)转换
以e结尾
+r/st
late—later—latest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变-y为i,+er/est
early—earlier—earliest
以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母)
双写结尾字母+er/est
big—bigger—biggest
多音节和部分双音节结尾
前面加more/most
beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful
(1)有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加er和est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有:common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。
(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。
(3)不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good, well
better
best
bad, badly, ill
worse
worst
many, much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)
farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的;最远的”)
further(指空间距离“更远的”;在更大程度上)
furthest(指空间距离“最远的”;在最大程度上)
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
知识点3 形容词、副词的比较级相关的句型
(1)同级比较
①as+adj./adv. (原形)+as... “和……一样”;not as/so+adj./adv. (原形)+as... “和……不一样”
②当as... as结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:
as+形容词原级+a(n)+n. +as...
as+many+可数名词复数+as...
as+much+不可数名词+as...
(2)比较级
“形容词/副词比较级+than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less+形容词/副词原级+than”结构,表示“一方不及另一方……”。
the+比较级+of the two+名词/代词“两者中较……的”。
Who is the younger of the two boys?
这两个男孩中较小的是哪一个?
介词in和of引导的短语说明比较的范围。如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in;如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。
修饰比较等级的副词:much, even, still, far, yet, a little, a lot, a bit, rather, any等。more, very等副词不可修饰比较级。
(3)最高级
①表示三者或三者以上的比较,常见的结构:“the+最高级+表示比较范围的短语或从句”,表示“……是……中最……的”。
②最高级的其他表达法
否定词+比较级
比较级+than+any other+单数名词
比较级+than+all the other+复数名词
比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词
比较级+than anything/anyone else
有些词本身就有最高级含义,不能再用最高级形式,常见的:favourite,wonderful,exhausted等;有些词本身有比较级含义,故不与than连用,如be senior to等。
(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型
①the+adj. /adv. 比较级, the+adj. /adv. 比较级 “越……,越……”
②adj. /adv. 比较级+and+adj. /adv. 比较级“越来越……”
③the+adj. 比较级+of the two+名词“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”
④no more than“仅仅”, not more than“至多;不超过”
⑤more... than... “与其说……不如说……”
⑥no+比较级+than “和……一样不……”
⑦not+比较级+than “不比……更……”
⑧倍数句型
A is+倍数+比较级+than+B
A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
A is+倍数+the+名词(size, length, height等)+of+B
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查形容词转换成名词
例1(2026·全国I卷)The exact dates and 57 (frequent) of daji vary from region to region.
例2(2025全国二卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 63 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoonswith lots of fresh air.
例3(2024新课标II卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 62 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.
考向二 考查形容词、副词的词形转换
例1(2026·全国II卷)For the first 15 minutes of my tai chi (太极) class, we remain 56 (entire) in one spot to warm up.
例2(2026年1月浙江卷)Life is full of so many 45 (seeming) uneventful moments, but we can turn any of them into a celebration.
例3(2026·天津第一次高考改编)8.Chinese culture is spreading______(wide), known as Hanfu around the world.
例4 (2023•新高考Ⅰ卷) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
例5 (2023•1月新高考浙江卷) The term “hutong”, ________ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
考向三 考查形容词、副词的比较级及相关句型
例1(2026·全国I卷)Before heading home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly 65 (cheap) than those found in supermarkets.
例2 (2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the 49 (large)United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
例3 (2023·1月新高考浙江卷) Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
例4 (2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ______ (high) mountain.
考点六 提示词为代词—考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词
知●识●解●构
知识点1 人称代词
人称代词主格
I
we
you (你)
you (你们)
he
she
it
they
人称代词宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
知识点2 物主代词
形容词性物主代词
my
our
your (你的)
your (你们的)
his
her
its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
知识点3 反身代词
单数
myself
yourself
himself, herself, itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
与反身代词相对的短语
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
come to oneself 苏醒
by oneself 独自地
teach oneself 自学
devote oneself to 致力于……
of oneself 自动地
behave oneself 举止得体
help oneself to 自己取用……
for oneself 为自己
seat oneself 坐下
make oneself at home 不拘束
be oneself 身心自在
知识点4 与it相关的句型
it用于某些句型
It's (about/high) time+that-从句
某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时,有时也用“should+动词原形”)
It's the first/second... time+that sb. has/have done 这是某人第几次做某事
It's+时间段+since-从句
自从……有多长时间了
It's+时间段+before-从句
过了多长时间才……
it作形式主语(宾语)的用法
it常作形式主语(宾语),替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
(1)it作形式主语的句型
①It+be+adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。
②It+be+adj.+of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
③It+be+n.(+for sb./sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
④It+be+adj./n.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。
⑤It+be+n./adj.+主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange+that从句”中,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。
(2)it作形式宾语的情况
①主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+adj./n.+不定式/动名词/从句。
②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查代词的句法功能
例1(2026·天津第一次高考改编)3.Grandma always told me ______ who know contentment are the happiest.
例2 (2018新课标III卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find
(they) alive.
例3(2022·全国甲卷改编)Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, ________ (her) toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.
考向二 考查代词的词形转换
例1 (2024·全国甲卷)This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.
例2 (2020·新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
例3(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of (they) contents.
思维建模 提示词为代词,应考虑以下几种情况
1.若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语,则应考虑人称代词的主格形式;
2.若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语,则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式;
3.若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语,则应考虑形容词性物主代词;
4.若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语,且和主语是同一人时,则应考虑反身代词。
考向三 考查代词it的用法
例1 (2022·北京卷改编)________ is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.
例2Most critics consider ridiculous to declare that a painting from a young artist is superior to a Renaissance work.
例3To maintain a healthy lifestyle, she makes a rule to turn off her phone an hour before bed.
考点七 提示词为基数词—考查其序数词或其他形式
知●识●解●构
知识点1 基数词和序数词的相互转换
①一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。
②十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加e t h。
③两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。
此外,常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内,具体见下表。
one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth
知识点2 与数词相关的表达法
①分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。
②表示某人的大约年龄,即“几十多岁”时,使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s+整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his fifties。
③当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时,用单数形式,词尾不加-s;前面有many, several, a few修饰时,仍用单数形式。如:several billion years。
④“数词+普通名词+形容词”构成的合成形容词中,数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查基数词和序数词的转化
例1 (2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 62 (six) century, B. C.
例2 Chopsticks, with distinctive Chinese features, are praised by westerners as “China’s (five) great invention”.
例3 Although she tried many times, it was on her (three) attempt that she finally succeeded.
考向二 考查与数词相关的表达法
例1 (2025·上海长宁高三二模)A couple in their ________ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play golf in councilrun courses costing from £10 each time.
例2About two (three) of the students in our school like playing basketball. That’s a large number.
例3To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eldest son shall take a half, my second son shall take a (three).
例4My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is (two) as expensive.
考点八 有提示词的语法填空基本知识的综合运用
知●识●解●构
知识点 有提示词的语法填空重难点突破:
有提示词的语法填空在高考语法填空的命题中占7个左右,是语法填空的重点考查内容,掌握了有提示词的语法填空的解题思路和方法也就把握了语法填空的重点。
策略:1.看提示词的哪种词类;2.根据词类定填空的方向,从而确定是词形转换还是词的具体用法,这是解题关键。
有提示词的语法填空的做题思维导图:
考●向●破●译
考向 考查有提示词的语法填空
(2026·河北衡水中学综合素质评价)
Since November 5, the Inka Museum in Cuzco, Peru, has held the exhibition “Light of the Sun: A Dialogue Between Ancient Shu and Inca Civilizations”, 1 features numerous cultural treasures. On display are copies and 3D-printed versions of 2 (object) from China’s ancient Shu kingdom, such as giant bronze trees and golden masks, alongside Inca relics (文物). Both cultures share a respect for the sun and a love for gold, 3 (make) the exhibition a powerful vehicle for cultural exchange.
This is not the first cross-cultural event. In 2016, to mark 4 45th anniversary of China-Peru diplomatic (外交的) relations, over 100 Chinese exhibits were shown in Lima, with thousands of visitors eager 5 (see) relics like the Terracotta Warriors.
In recent years, Chinese museums have also hosted Peruvian relic exhibitions. A 2021 joint show 6 (tour) five Chinese cities. After that, a 2024 exhibition featuring 168 relics from 14 Peruvian museums proved highly popular in Chengdu 7 Shenzhen, attracting over a million visitors in total. The Peruvian President even visited the Shenzhen show.
These exchanges can 8 (deep) mutual understanding and help people recognize 9 (share) cultural roots. They highlight the vital role cultural interaction plays 10 bridging distant civilizations and strengthening ties between China and Peru.
真题溯源·考向感知
——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2025年1月浙江高考)The concept 62 (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
2.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
3.(2023年新高考II卷) As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
4.(2021·浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture.
5.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
6.(2024·新高考II卷)___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion.
7.(2024·新高考II卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
8.(2020·新课标II卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
9. (2024新课标I卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful.
10.(2023全国乙卷)The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
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专题01 语法填空——有提示词的填空
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命题透视·考情前瞻
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对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
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2
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思维建模·脉络梳理
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搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
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3
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考点精讲·靶向突破
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拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
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考点一 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
知识解构
知识点1
动词的时态
知识点2
动词语态 知识点3 主谓一致
考向破译
考向
1
考查有明确时间状语的动词时态 考向02 考查隐含时间状语的动词时态
考向3 考查固定句型中的时态 考向4 考查利用平行关系解决时态问题 考向5 考查利用语境解决时态问题 考向6 考查动词的语态 考向7 考查主谓一致
考点二
提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
知识解构
知识点1
非谓语动词作状语
知识点2
非谓语动词作定语
知识点3
非谓语动词作表语
知识点
4
非谓语动词作宾语
知识点
5
非谓语动词作主语
知识点
6
非谓语动词作补足语
考向破译
考向01 考查非谓语动词作主语 考向02 考查非谓语动词作状语 考向03 考查非谓语动词作宾补
考向04 考查非谓语动词作定语
考向0
5 考查非谓语动词
作
宾语
考向0
6 考查非谓语动词作表语
考点
三
提示词为动词—考查转换为名词或形容词
知识解构
知识点
1 动词变为名词
知识点 2 动词变为形容词
考向破译
考向
01
考查动词转换成形容词
考向
02 动词转换成名词
考点
四
提示词为名词—考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换
知识解构
知识点1
名词复数
知识点 2
名词所有格 知识点 3 提示词是名词的词形转换
考向破译
考向01 考查提示词是名词的词形转换 考向02 考查名词复数
考向0
3
考查
名词所有格
考点
五
提示词为形容词、副词—考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换
知识解构
知识点1
形容词、副词的词性转化
知识点2
形容词、副词比较等级
知识点3 形容词、副词的比较级相关的句型
考向破译
考向01 考查形容词转换
成名词
考向02
考查
形容词、副词的词形转换
考向三 考查形容词、副词的比较级及相关句型
考点
六
提示词为代词—考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词
知识解构
知识点
1 人称代词
知识点 2
物主代词
知识点3 反身代词
知识点4 与it相关的句型
考向破译
考向
01
考查代词的句法功能
考向
02 考查代词的词形转换 考向三 考查代词it的用法
考点
七
提示词为基数词—考查其序数词或其他形式
知识解构
知识点
1 基数词和序数词的相互转换
知识点 2 与数词相关的表达法
考向破译
考向
01
考查基数词和序数词的转化
考向
02 考查与数词相关的表达法
考点
三
有提示词的语法填空基本知识的综合运用
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0
4
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真题溯源·考向感知
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溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
)
命题透视·考情前瞻
——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
语法填空之无提示词填空
年份
卷别
词数
有提示词
无提示词
谓语
非谓语
名词
形容词副词
代词
介词
冠词
数词
并列句
连词
2026
全国I卷
225
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
全国II卷
264
1
2
2
2
1
2
浙江卷(1月)
213
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
2025
全国一卷
237
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
全国二卷
224
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
浙江卷(1月)
226
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
2024
新课标I卷
243
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
新课标Ⅱ卷
220
2
3
2
1
1
1
全国甲卷
223
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
考情分析:
1.从命题内容上看,高考命题主要从以下几方面考查:一、考查中国传统文化。二、考查人物故事。三、考查科学技术进步。四、考查跨学科融合。五、考查中外文化交流,国际视野。注重通过语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴,引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀,坚定文化自信,拓展国际视野,在跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解,推动世界文明共同发展。
2.从命题思路上看:
(1)考查谓语动词一般都给出比较具体的时间状语,考生能通过时间状语确定相应的时态,难度适中;
(2)非谓语动词的考查多集中在作定语或状语成分上,难点是根据语境确定用哪种非谓语动词形式;
(3)形容词和副词考查频繁,但难度较小,一般考查词形转换,考查比较等级是相对较难的方向。
(4)名词考查主要考查:名词的单复数、名词所有格、词形转换
(5)代词考查较少,主要考查:代词的格、形容词性物主代词、反身代词。
预计2027年谓语动词和非谓语动词仍然是命题的重点,名词、形容词和副词的词形转换必考。复习过程中熟记词形转换的词,熟练掌握非谓语动词的各种形式的用法及意义,掌握谓语动词的时态形式和意义。
复习目标:1.熟记各种词形转换的单词。
2.熟练掌握非谓语动词和谓语动词的时态的用法和意义。
3.熟练掌握形容词和副词的比较级的用法。
4.熟记名词和代词的不同形式及用法
思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
知●识●解●构
知识点1 动词的时态
一、确定作谓语
分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但空处所填词与之是并列关系时,空处就用谓语动词。
若填谓语动词,就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
(1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态;
(2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态;
(3)根据人称和数,确保主谓一致。
二、确定时态
1.根据具体的时间状语:常见的时态的时间状语标志词
时态
时间状语
一般现在时
now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等
一般过去时
yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等
一般将来时
next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等
现在进行时
now, at present, at this moment等
现在完成时
since+时间点,in/over the past... years, in recent years, for+时间段, so far等
过去完成时
by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等
2.根据具并列关系:
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
3.根据常用句式定时态:
(1)was/were doing... when...+一般过去时
(2)was/were about to do... when...+一般过去时
(3)it is the+序数词+time+that...+现在完成时
(4)it was the+序数词+time+that...+过去完成时
(5)No sooner had+主语+done... than+一般过去时
(6)Hardly/Scarcely had+主语+done... when+一般过去时
(7)It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时
4.根据语境暗示。没有标志性的时间状语,且其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过正确理解语境暗示解题,也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。
知识点2 动词的语态
确定语态
1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系
(1)分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主动关系,应考虑用主动语态;若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为:be+过去分词。
(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态,再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
2.主动表被动
(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时;
(2)当read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时;
知识点3 主谓一致
确定“主谓一致”
项目
主语
谓语动词
语法
一致
不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of+复数可数名词
单数
复数可数名词,and连接的两个名词,a number of+复数可数名词
复数
(together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语
与前面主语一致
意义
一致
“the+形容词”表示抽象概念;强调整体的集合名词
单数
“the+形容词”表示一类人或物;强调个体的集合名词
复数
就近
一致
neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语;“here/there+谓语+主语”结构中的主语不止一个时
与邻近主语一致
考●向●破●译
考向1 考查有明确时间状语的动词时态
例1(2026·天津第一次高考)By the time the meeting started, all of the data ______(collect)in advance.
【答案】had been collected
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:会议开始前,所有数据均已提前收集完毕。根据句意可知及时间状语By the time the meeting started,收集数据发生在started之前,故用过去完成时,故填had been collected。
例2(2026·全国I卷)As transportation and communication 59 (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily necessities.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:由于当时交通和通讯都不发达,家家户户很难买到日常必需品。提示词作谓语,时间状语“at that time”表明用一般过去时态,主语“transportation and communication”为复数概念,谓语用复数形式were。
来自高考的易错提醒
在考场上,考生一定要注意语法填空中的时间状语,见到时间状语先用笔划出来以提醒自己,这是做动词时态和语态的关键线索和判断依据。
考向2 考查隐含时间状语的动词时态
例2(2022•新高考I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
来自高考的易错提醒
1.本题中的解题关键是:previously (之前地),可是很多考生不知道这个词的意思,造成解题失误。如果考生不能准确理解文章的意思,试题中will也对考生造成误导,由将来时转到一般过去时的跨度较大。再者,本句还是一个长难句。
2.找准试题中的时间关键线索是解题的关键所在。
3.高考试题中的主谓一致一般难度都较小,只要我们能判断出真正的主语是谁或者说主语的核心词是谁就可以了。本题中areas是主语,故用were。
考向3 考查固定句型中的时态
例1 (2022·新课标II卷)Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
【答案】was fixing
【解析】句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,这是“was/were doing…when…”句型,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
例2 No sooner had Mary communicated with the interviewers than she (make) a favorable impression on them.
【答案】made
【解析】考查固定句型和动词时态。句意:玛丽刚与面试官交流就给对方留下了良好的印象。分析句子可知,此处为固定句型No sooner + had + 主语 + 过去分词…than + 主语 + 一般过去时…,表示“一…… 就……”,强调动作先后完成。前面:过去完成时(had communicated)后面:一般过去时(made)。故填made。
例3Hardly had he arrived in Hong Kong when she (ring) me up.
【答案】rang
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他刚到香港,她就给我打电话了。hardly… when…“一……就……,刚……就……”句型中,通常主句部分用过去完成时,从句部分用一般过去时,因此用ring的过去式形式。故填rang。
思维建模 利用常用句型解决时态问题
1.It was the first time that…句型that从句用过去完成时。
It was the first time that I had seen such a wonderful movie.当时那是我第一次看这么精彩的电影。
2.It is the first time that....句型表示“第一次……”,从句用现在完成时;
It was the last time that we had toured the aerospace exhibition.那是我们最后一次参观这场航天展。
3.hardly…when…和no sooner… than…句型主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,表示“刚一……就”。
No sooner had we set off than a strong wind came.我们刚出发就刮起大风。
4.I’d rather that....从句表示与现在或将来事实相反,都用一般过去时。
I’d rather that more young people loved traditional Chinese paintings. (与现在事实相反)
我希望现在更多年轻人喜爱中国传统国画。
I’d rather that new aircraft carried more cultural exhibits abroad. (与将来事实相反)
我希望新型客机将来运送更多文物出国展出。
考向4 考查利用平行关系解决时态问题
例1(2021·浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查动词。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
例2(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _______(throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
【答案】threw
【解析】考查时态。句意:他迅速地把工具扔到一边,开始跑起来,双臂张开。分析句子结构可知,该题考查谓语动词的时态。再结合空后的平行关系词and可知,需要填的动词时态与started要保持一致,用一般过去时。
思维建模 利用平行关系解决时态问题
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
考向5 考查利用语境解决时态问题
例1(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
【答案】walks
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:此外,围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through,意为“带领某人穿过……”,空处为本句谓语动词,根据上文可知,本句时态为一般现在时,主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
例2(2022·浙江卷)When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
【答案】noticed
【解析】考查时态。句意:当他触摸到莱昂纳多•达•芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时,他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知,本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。
考向6 考查动词的语态
例1(2021·浙江1月卷)It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析,前面有and连接,所以and 后面的句子是需要有完整谓语的,BMI属于专有名词,用谓语is considered 即可。
例2 (2024·新高考II卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【答案】was built
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语“Two years later”可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,单数,和动词“build”之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was built。
思维建模 确定谓语动词语态的关键
确定谓语动词语态的关键是弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系。如果所给动词的主语是动作的执行者,则用主动语态;若所给动词的主语是动作的承受者,则用被动语态。
1.“一定”辨明主语、谓语和时态。
2.牢记常考时态的被动语态结构,一般时态中be done=get/become done; 牢记主动表被动含义的常见结构,如“用作不及物意义的动词+副词”。
考向7 考查主谓一致
例1(2026·全国II卷)In tai chi, the dan tian is your qi core and qi in Chinese means life force. Now, I 60 (suppose) to feel the weight on my legs and sink my dan tian.
【答案】am supposed
【解析】考查固定搭配和时态。句意:现在,我应该感受双腿受力,并将意念集中于丹田。固定搭配be supposed to do“应该做某事”,主语为I,时间状语Now,描述现在的状态,用一般现在时,be动词用am。
例2(2026·广东广州市普通高中毕业班考前冲刺题(一))These tours satisfy curiosity about how everyday products (make) while also offering confidence that the country’s technological foundations remain strong.
【答案】are made
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:这些参观活动既能满足人们对日常用品制造过程的好奇心,又能让人确信该国的技术基础依然稳固。主语products与谓语构成被动关系,且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态,谓语用复数。
例3(2026·江西萍乡市高三二模)With the Chinese New Year atmosphere lingering, a vibrant Yingge performance (stage) by Chinese and Thai performers in eastern Thailand.
【答案】was staged
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:中国新年气氛尚存,一场由中泰演员表演的英歌舞在泰国东部上演。stage(上演)是谓语动词,与主语“a vibrant Yingge performance”之间是被动关系,结合语境可知,讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时,且主语是单数名词,谓语动词用单数形式was staged。
考点二 提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
知●识●解●构
确定作非谓语
分析句子结构,所给提示词是动词时,若句中已有谓语动词,又无连词时,则考虑填非谓语动词。
知识点1非谓语动词作状语
1.寻找线索
(1)挖空句有谓语动词,通常用逗号把状语与主干分隔开。
(2)我们需要认真分析句子结构,明确句子成分,先甄别出句子的主干,再确定用哪种形式作状语。
2.解题指导
(1)找句子主干:认真阅读挖空的句子,找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语),从而正确理解句意。
(2)确定谓语动词和非谓语动词:分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
(3)确定填哪种非谓语动词形式:
①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系:表目的,用to do; 表出乎意料的结果,用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果,用doing。
②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系:表动作还未发生,用to be done; 表动作已经发生,用done。
知识点2非谓语动词作定语
1.寻找线索
(1)空格可在名词或代词之前,也可在名词或代词之后,对该名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。
(2)如果有逗号隔开,放在名词或代词之后,通常对该名词进行补充说明,其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
2.解题指导
(1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者,通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。
(2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。
(3)如果表示未发生的动作,且名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用动词不定式作定语。
知识点3非谓语动词作表语
1.寻找线索
非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, become, get, seem, appear, look, turn等之后,描述主语的特点或状态。
2.解题指导
(1)主语是表示人的名词或代词,通常用过去分词作表语,表示主语的心情和感受。
(2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词,通常用现在分词作表语,表示事物的特点。
(3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。
知识点4非谓语动词作宾语
1.寻找线索
动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构:
得分速记
(1)介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语,注意to的身份识别。
(2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语:advise, admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustomed to, be devoted to, lead to, object to等。
(3)在下列动词之后,常接不定式作宾语:decide, demand, offer, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
2.解题指导
(1)仔细观察挖空的句子。
(2)找出(句子的)谓语动词。
(3)确定填动名词还是动词不定式。
知识点5非谓语动词作主语
1.寻找线索
主语是谓语陈述的对象,通常位于句首。动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)都可以充当主语。
2.解题指导
(1)句中缺少主语,找到句子的谓语部分,确定应用doing还是to do作主语。
(2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing,表具体某一次的动作用to do。
(3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型:
①It's +adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(+for/of sb)+to do sth
②It's no use/no good/no fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth
③It takes sb+some time/money+to do sth
知识点6非谓语动词作补足语
1.寻找线索
动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。
得分速记
(1)不定式作宾补:allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell等+sb to do sth。
(2)have sb/sth doing “让某人/某物一直做”; have sb/sth done “使某人/某物被……”。
(3)with复合结构
①with+宾语+to do,表示动作还未发生;
②with+宾语+doing,表示主动、动作正在进行;
③with+宾语+done,表示被动、动作已完成。
2.解题指导
(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语,通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
(2)现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的发出者,表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。
(3)过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的承受者,表示一个完成的、被动的动作。
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查非谓语动词作主语
例1(2026·全国I卷)Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them 56 (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals.
【答案】to be held
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们也常常在传统节日期间举行,例如春节、中秋节以及其他地方性节日。固定句型“it is + adj. + for sb./sth. to do sth.”中不定式作真正主语,且hold(举行)与其逻辑主语“them(指代Daji)”之间为被动关系,故用不定式的被动式to be held。
例2 (2021·英语全国甲卷)It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】to walk
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:步行或骑自行车跑完整个14公里是可能的。分析句子可知,此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”,it为形式主语,动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
例3 His (fail) in the exam again made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.
【答案】failing
【解析】考查非谓语作主语。句意:他考试不及格使他感到羞愧,羞愧地低下了头。此处需要使用非谓语动词作主语,fail与逻辑主语“他”是主动关系,因此需要使用动名词的主动形式和his构成动名词的复合结构。故填failing。
例4 Nowadays, (equip) with a knowledge of computer is an essential qualification for most of the posts in the job market.
【答案】being equipped
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如今,具备计算机知识是就业市场上大多数职位的必备资格。be equipped with固定搭配,意为“具备”,此处作主语,应用动名词形式,故填being equipped。
思维建模 非谓语动词作主语
不定式作主语:
1.不定式作主语:动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
2.表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来发生的动作,多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时,多用doing作主语。
3.在下列两个句型中it是形式主语,不定式是真正主语;of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语:
A. It is/was + 形容词(of sb)to do sth.
【赞扬,责备的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语:wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous,considerate…】
B. It is/was + 形容词(for sb)to do sth.
【以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语:easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。多数情况都用for sb作逻辑主语。】
1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old.
2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do.
考向二 考查非谓语动词作状语
例1 (2026·全国I卷)In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. 62 (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands which serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup.
【答案】Drawn
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:被街头小吃的香味所吸引,他们在热气腾腾的饺子摊和热汤面摊前排起长队。此处作状语,draw(吸引)用非谓语动词形式,与其逻辑主语they之间为被动关系,应用过去分词表被动;且位于句首,首字母大写。
例2 (2026年1月浙江卷)Mum is small, but I remember feeling so high up there. She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes 39 (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, excitement and tension building to that final moment: BEEP!
【答案】watching
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:她带着我们在厨房里左右跳舞,我们的眼睛盯着微波炉,就像它是一艘太空火箭的倒计时,兴奋和紧张一直持续到最后一刻:哔!本句已有谓语动词would dance,此处为独立主格结构,our eyes与watch之间为主动关系,用现在分词表主动。故填 watching。
例3 (2026·天津第一次高考)______ (check)time on the watch, all of us wondered if the VIP could come on time.
【答案】Checking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:查看手表上的时间后,我们所有人都在担心那位贵宾能否准时到达。此处现在分词作状语,all of us和check之间是主动关系,故填Checking。
例4(2023·全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
【答案】Having visited
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年中,“我”多次游览这个城市,对于新旧并存以及城市能够在不断扩张的同时保留如此丰富的文化遗产感到惊讶。本空在句中作状语,动词visit和句子主语I之间为逻辑上的主动关系,且根据空后时间状语over the last 10 years可知,应用现在完成时,故本空应用现在分词的完成式,表示“主动和完成”关系。
思维建模 非谓语动词作状语
1.找句子主干:认真阅读挖空的句子,找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语),从而正确理解句意。
2.确定谓语动词和非谓语动词:分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
3.确定填哪种非谓语动词形式:
①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系:表目的,用to do; 表出乎意料的结果,用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果,用doing。
②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系:表动作还未发生,用to be done; 表动作已经发生,用done。
考向三 考查非谓语动词作宾补
例1(2026年1月浙江卷)There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉) 36 (finish) heating, but my mum did it.
【答案】to finish
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:很少有人能在等待微波炉加热完成时找到乐趣,但我妈妈却能。who引导的定语从句的谓语为could find,此处为非谓语动词,wait for sb/sth to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“等待某人/某物做某事”,所以用finish的不定式形式to finish,作宾语补足语。故填to finish。
例2(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
【答案】to be lifted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有精美的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的馅。根据固定搭配allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动形式to be lifted。
动词不定式在平时模拟考试中,考查的频度较大,导致很多学生产生思维定势,见到不定式的题就用一般式to do的形式,这是平时训练的缺陷。临近高考前要进一步强化,做到查漏补缺。
例3 (2022·浙江卷)Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).
【答案】 to do
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:通过触摸,这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。
思维建模 不定式作宾语补足语
①常接不定式作宾补的动词有:ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/
need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer sb to do……:
例:Miss Janson persuaded the boy not to smoke any more.
②在feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时,后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to; 但以上动词如为被动语态,后面接的动词前要加to。
1)Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard.
2)The teacher is often listened to to sing the English song at home.
考向四 考查非谓语动词作定语
例1 (2025年1月·浙江卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.
【答案】to rent
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁,而不是让她们直接购买,为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。“for women ________ (rent)”作后置定语,修饰名词词组fashion clothes,意为“女性租赁的衣服”,用不定式to rent作后置定语,主动表被动。故填to rent。
例2 (2024·新高考II卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【答案】inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
例3 (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查现在分词作定语。句意:他们要与大量的国际游客和经常前来看这些熊猫的中国动物园饲养员交谈,这些熊猫是从中国暂借的。本空在句中作定语,修饰名词词组Chinese zookeepers,被修饰的名词词组和动词visit之间为主动关系,故本空应用现在分词作定语。
现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。
表示心理状态的动词-ing形式,意为“令人……的”;动词-ed形式,意为“(人)感到……的”,也可修饰体现内心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名词。
考向五 考查非谓语动词作宾语
例1(2026·全国I卷)Before 64 (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly cheaper than those found in supermarkets.
【答案】heading
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在回家之前,他们会把从当地农民那里买来的新鲜水果和蔬菜塞满购物袋,价格比超市里的便宜得多。介词“Before”后接动名词作宾语。
例2(2026·全国II卷)At the end of the lesson, I feel wide awake, despite it still 64 (be) early at 8 am.
【答案】being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:课程结束时才早上八点,天色尚早,我却感觉十分清醒。despite为介词,后接动名词作宾语,be的动名词形式为being。
例3 (2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 41 (catch)our attention because of their large size and variety.
【答案】to catch
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园,但特别是国家公园,由于其规模大、种类多,往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配:tend to do sth.,表示“倾向于做某事”,不定式作宾语,故填to catch。
思维建模 不定式作宾语
1.常接不定式作宾语的词:like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/afford/offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/choose/pretend/arrange to do…:
2.it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…We find it necessary to master German and French.
考向六 考查非谓语动词作表语
例1 (2018新课标III卷)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____________(challenge).
【答案】challenged
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我迅速放下身子,低下头,避免直接看他的眼睛,这样他就不会觉得有挑战。此处feel为系动词,之后缺表语,故用过去分词challenged,表示"被挑战的",所以用过去分词。
例2I participated in a volunteer activity organized by the school, the aim of which is (beautify) our city and promote people's awareness of environmental protection.
【答案】to beautify
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:我参加了学校组织的志愿者活动,目的是美化我们的城市,提高人们的环保意识。分析句子结构可知,beautify在句子中作为非谓语动词使用,使用动词不定式作表语解释说明aim的内容,故填to beautify。
例3We all rely on it that respecting others is (respect) ourselves.
【答案】respecting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们都相信,尊重别人就是尊重自己。此处对主语内容的进一步说明和解释,用动名词作表语。故填respecting。
例4We were (impress) by the small class size with no more than 15 students in each classroom.
【答案】impressed
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:每个教室不超过15个学生的小班给我们留下了深刻的印象。此处表示“对……印象深刻”,应用固定搭配be impressed by,故填impressed。
考点三 提示词为动词—考查转换为名词或形容词
知●识●解●构
知识点 1 动词变为名词
名词后缀
示例
-er/
-or
announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员
instruct→instructor 指导者,教师 design→designer设计师
-ment
achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论;论据
equip →equipment装备;设备 govern→government政府
-y
recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现
-ance/
-ence
appear→appearance出现;外貌 perform→performance表演;表现
prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考,查阅
-ure/
-ture
fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力
depart→departure离开;出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
-ing
hear→hearing听力,听觉 begin→beginning开始
build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
-ion/
-tion/
-sion/
correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝
conclude→conclusion结论;结束 discuss→discussion讨论;论述
decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认;准许加入
permit→permission允许,许可 invite→invitation邀请
explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望
知识点 2 动词变为形容词
形容词后缀
示例
-able
enjoy vt.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的
suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的
-ed
frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的
-ing
convince vt.说服,使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的
thrill vt.使兴奋 → thrilling adj.令人兴奋的
-ful
forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的
succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的
-ive
comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的
create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造力的
-ant
tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的,容忍的
ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的,愚昧的
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查动词转换成形容词
例1(2026·全国II卷)The movements have 62 (describe) names like “holding the bowl” and “grabbing the bird’s tail.”
【答案】descriptive
【解析】考查形容词。句意:这些招式有着形象生动的名字,如“捧碗”和“揽雀尾”。本空修饰名词names,作定语,用形容词descriptive“描绘性的,形象的”。
一轮复习要注意词形转换的全面总结,不能疏漏特殊变化,此处describe——descriptive与原形变化较大,容易被忽视,需强化记忆。
例2 (2024·新高考I卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.
【答案】closed
【解析】考查形容词。句意:然后在寒冷的天气里,这个结构保持关闭,以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”,符合题意。故填closed。
例3 (2023·新高考I卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
【答案】tasty
【解析】考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤),故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语,故填tasty。
形容词后缀-able
1.能……的;可……的
rely→reliable 可信赖的,可依靠的
特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间
change→changeable 易变的
admire→admirable 可钦佩的
believe→believable 可相信的
2.具有……的特点
enjoy→enjoyable 令人愉快的
特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间
value→valuable 有价值的
knowledge→knowledgeable 有丰富知识的,博学的
考向二 考查动词转换成名词
例1(2026·全国II卷)Angela, a tai chi 57 (instruct) with twenty-eight years of experience, says that a successful hour of tai chi is an hour with no negative thoughts.
【答案】instructor
【解析】考查名词。句意:拥有二十八年经验的太极老师安吉拉说,一节圆满的太极课是无杂念的一课。本空为指代人Angela的同位语,用名词instructor“教练,老师”。
例2(2026年1月浙江卷)She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes watching the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, 40 (excite) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP!
【答案】excitement
【解析】考查名词。句意:她会带着我们在厨房里左右跳舞,我们的眼睛盯着微波炉,仿佛那是火箭发射的倒计时,兴奋和紧张的情绪在最后一刻不断累积:叮!本空与后面的tension为并列关系,共同作主语,需用excite的名词形式excitement“兴奋”。故填excitement。
例3 (2025年1月·浙江卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing.
【答案】solution
【解析】考查名词。句意:坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁,而不是让她们直接购买,为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。提示词作宾语,用名词solution,意为“解决方案”,有冠词a修饰,用单数形式。故填solution。
例4(2024年1月浙江高考真题)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items.
【答案】criticism
【解析】考查名词。句意:许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知,此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。
例5(2025·八省联考)As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 45 (innovate), and its inclusiveness. China, on its part, will also embrace (拥抱) the world with greater openness and make new contributions to the international community.
【答案】innovation
【解析】考查名词。句意:随着越来越多的外国人开始学习中文和体验中国文化,世界将更好地了解中国及其丰富的历史、勤劳的人民、通过创新实现的发展以及包容性。此处作介词through的宾语,应用名词innovation“创新”。故填innovation。
考点四 提示词为名词—考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换
知●识●解●构
知识点1 名词复数
1. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式
(1)一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s:book→ books, mouth→ mouths, house→ houses, girl→ girls
(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es:glass→ glasses, box→ boxes, match→ matches
(3)以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es;city→ cities, country→ countries, party→ parties
(4) 【注意】以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s:radios, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos;加-es的有以下词:heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。
(5) 【注意】以-f,-fe结尾的名词
①少数直接加-s:roof→ roofs,belief→ beliefs。
②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es:self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half。
2.名词在不定代词few, a few, other, all, both, many, several等后时,要想到用复数形式。
3.谓语动词为复数形式,要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。
4.【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数,如child→ children, man→ men, tooth→ teeth, foot→ feet, woman→ women等。但human→ humans(准确记住不规则变化一轮复习不留知识死角。)
5.有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等,如congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。
6.【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式,常见的有:make friends with(与……交朋友)、shake hands with...(与……握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make preparations for(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。
7.常考的不可数名词
(1)表物质的不可数名词:baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。
(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词:work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)等。
(3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词:advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。(一定记牢)
得分速记
名词单复数的形式比较复杂,注意掌握好以下的情况
(1)有些名词一般不用复数形式,但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别
fishes各种鱼;fruits各种水果;steels各种钢材
(2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义
snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人,two peoples两个民族
(3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时,为物质名词,不可数
The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时,则为个体名词,可数;如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作 “眼镜”解时,须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses
(4)paper一词作“纸”解时,不可数
write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时,则可数,如: hand in your test papers
(5)物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词,要根据情况使用单数或复数形式
a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap
(6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义
time(时间)→times( 时代,次,倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作,工厂,工事)
air(空气) →airs( 气派,架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌)
custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息)
arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金)
glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物)
compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗)
知识点2 名词所有格
1.有生命的名词,其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。
2.表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格。
3.无生命的名词,借用of表示所属关系。
4.【注意】如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)
5.【注意】双重所有格:“a/two/some... +名词+of+名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友
two photos of hers 她的两张照片
知识点3 提示词是名词的词形转换
1.名词考查转化为形容词或动词的后缀
后缀
示例
--y
sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的
--ed
balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
--ful
meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
--able
suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的
--ous
courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的
--al
addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的
--ly
friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的
--en
wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的
--cal
politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的
--ant
significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的
--cial
commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的
-en
deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长
后缀
示例
--y
sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的
--ed
balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
--ful
meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
--able
suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的
--ous
courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的
--al
addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的
--ly
friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的
--en
wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的
--cal
politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的
--ant
significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的
--cial
commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的
-en
deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长
2.名词转化为名词后缀
后缀
例词
-ian/
-ist/
music→ musician音乐家politics→ politician政治家
science→ scientist科学家piano→ pianist钢琴家
①history→ historian历史学家library→ librarian图书管理员
②cycle→ cyclist骑自行车的人
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查提示词是名词的词形转换
例1(2026·天津第一次高考改编)Learning is really _______(pain). I know your feeling. Most people feel the same way. Just hold on.
【答案】painful
【解析】这道题考查词性转换。分析句子结构:“Learning is really _______.”是主系表结构,be动词“is”后面需要接形容词作表语,用来描述主语“Learning(学习)”的性质。给出的单词“pain”是名词,意为“痛苦;疼痛”,其对应的形容词形式是“painful”,表示“痛苦的;费力的”。所以空格处应填“painful”,完整句子为“Learning is really painful.”,意思是“学习真的很痛苦。”,符合语境中表达学习带来的感受以及后续的劝慰内容。
例2(2023浙江1月卷)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by (space) homes and walled gardens.
【答案】spacious
【解析】考查词形转换。句意:他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
space难度不大,但考查其形容词形式,却难倒了很多学生。原因在于本词的形容词出现的较少,被学生忽视。所以一轮复习一定要注意比较特殊词的词形变化。确保不漏易混易错考点,不留知识死角。
例3 (2024新课标I卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful.
【答案】functional
【解析】考查形容词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure,应用形容词作定语functional,符合题意。故填functional。
例4 (2023全国乙卷)The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【答案】remarkable
【解析】考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
考向二 考查名词复数
例1(2026·全国I卷)As transportation and communication were underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily 60 (necessity).
【答案】necessities
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:由于当时交通和通讯都不发达,家家户户很难买到日常必需品。名词necessity意为“必需品”时通常用复数形式,泛指日常所需的多种物品。
例2(2026年1月浙江卷)One of my earliest memories is being held in her arms, counting down the flashing green 38 (number) together.
【答案】numbers
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:我最早的记忆之一是被妈妈抱在怀里,一起倒数闪烁的绿色数字。number“数字”是可数名词,此处指多个数字,应用复数形式,作宾语。故填numbers。
例3 (2021·新高考I卷 )The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we (human) are.
【答案】humans
【解析】考查名词。分析句子结构可知,空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语,故应该填名词的复数形式。故填humans。
来自高考的易错提醒
注意不规则名词的复数,尤其是不要进行错误推理,要全面复习。2021年高考中的human的复数形式,很多同学因为类比出现错误,误写成humen。
例4 (2025年1月·浙江卷)As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
【答案】times
【解析】考查名词。句意:由于人们现在选择少穿的衣服更多了,服装租赁服务越来越受欢迎。time表示“次数”时是可数名词,fewer修饰可数名词复数形式。故填times。
例5(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
【答案】favorites
【解析】考查名词的数。句意:这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词,意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。
思维建模 判断名词复数方法
根据规则确定名词单复数
1.如果空格处被these, several, many和数词等修饰时, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
2.如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
考向三 考查名词所有格
例1 (2025年1月·浙江卷) “I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
【答案】people’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活,我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。提示词修饰名词lives,需用名词所有格people’s,作定语。故填people’s。
例2 (2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)“He saved my ______ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.
【答案】son’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
思维建模 名词的所有格
1.如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)
2.双重所有格:“a/two/some... +名词+of+名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友
two photos of hers 她的两张照片
考点五 提示词为形容词、副词—考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换
知●识●解●构
知识点1 形容词、副词的词性转化
1.形容词的词形转换
类别
例词
词尾加-y
cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy
词尾加-(e)d
gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited
词尾加ing
surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening
词尾加-ful/-less
meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless
词尾加-able
comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable
词尾加-ous
danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous
词尾的-ce变为-t
confidence→confident, difference→different
词尾加-al
music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional
词尾加-ly
friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely
词尾加-en
wood→wooden, wool→woolen
其他常见变化
energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific
以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等),以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)
动词词尾加ive/ative
attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective
2.副词的词形转换规律总结
类别
例词
形容词+后缀-ly
clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词,把y变成i再加-ly
happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/,直接加ly)
词尾为ble/le的形容词,去掉e,再加-y
terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外:whole→wholly)
词尾为-ue的形容词,去掉e再加-ly
true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)
词尾为-ll的形容词,直接加-y
full→fully, dull→dully
词尾为-ic的形容词,加-ally
basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically
3.形容词转换成名词规律总结
1. adj+cy
efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利
accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私
2. adj+dom
bore→boredom无聊 free→freedom自由
易错提醒:wise→wisdom明智;智慧
3. adj+ce
abundant→abundance丰富;充裕 distant→distance距离;远方
important→importance重要性 reluctant→reluctance不情愿;勉强
tolerant→tolerance宽容;容忍 significant→signiciance重要性
4. adj+th
deep→depth深度 long→length长度
wide→width宽度 strong→strength力量
warm→warmth温暖 young→youth青春;青年
true→truth真理
5. adj+ness
kind→kindness善良 happy→happiness快乐
friendly→friendliness友善 dark→darkness黑暗
weak→weakness虚弱 bitter→bitterness苦味;痛苦
aware→awareness意识 lonely→loneliness孤独
6. adj+ty后缀
cruel→cruelty残忍 loyal→loyalty忠诚
secure→security安全 varied→variety种类
responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实
知识点2 形容词、副词比较等级
形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成(+er/est)转换
以e结尾
+r/st
late—later—latest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变-y为i,+er/est
early—earlier—earliest
以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母)
双写结尾字母+er/est
big—bigger—biggest
多音节和部分双音节结尾
前面加more/most
beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful
(1)有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加er和est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有:common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。
(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。
(3)不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good, well
better
best
bad, badly, ill
worse
worst
many, much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)
farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的;最远的”)
further(指空间距离“更远的”;在更大程度上)
furthest(指空间距离“最远的”;在最大程度上)
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
知识点3 形容词、副词的比较级相关的句型
(1)同级比较
①as+adj./adv. (原形)+as... “和……一样”;not as/so+adj./adv. (原形)+as... “和……不一样”
②当as... as结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:
as+形容词原级+a(n)+n. +as...
as+many+可数名词复数+as...
as+much+不可数名词+as...
(2)比较级
“形容词/副词比较级+than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less+形容词/副词原级+than”结构,表示“一方不及另一方……”。
the+比较级+of the two+名词/代词“两者中较……的”。
Who is the younger of the two boys?
这两个男孩中较小的是哪一个?
介词in和of引导的短语说明比较的范围。如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in;如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。
修饰比较等级的副词:much, even, still, far, yet, a little, a lot, a bit, rather, any等。more, very等副词不可修饰比较级。
(3)最高级
①表示三者或三者以上的比较,常见的结构:“the+最高级+表示比较范围的短语或从句”,表示“……是……中最……的”。
②最高级的其他表达法
否定词+比较级
比较级+than+any other+单数名词
比较级+than+all the other+复数名词
比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词
比较级+than anything/anyone else
有些词本身就有最高级含义,不能再用最高级形式,常见的:favourite,wonderful,exhausted等;有些词本身有比较级含义,故不与than连用,如be senior to等。
(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型
①the+adj. /adv. 比较级, the+adj. /adv. 比较级 “越……,越……”
②adj. /adv. 比较级+and+adj. /adv. 比较级“越来越……”
③the+adj. 比较级+of the two+名词“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”
④no more than“仅仅”, not more than“至多;不超过”
⑤more... than... “与其说……不如说……”
⑥no+比较级+than “和……一样不……”
⑦not+比较级+than “不比……更……”
⑧倍数句型
A is+倍数+比较级+than+B
A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
A is+倍数+the+名词(size, length, height等)+of+B
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查形容词转换成名词
例1(2026·全国I卷)The exact dates and 57 (frequent) of daji vary from region to region.
【答案】frequency
【解析】考查名词。句意:大集的确切日期和频率因地区而异。提示词与名词“dates”并列作主语,应用名词形式frequency,表示“频率”,不可数名词。
例2(2025全国二卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 63 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoonswith lots of fresh air.
【答案】absence
【解析】考查名词。句意:我住的地方,晒干的衣服闻起来特别香,这要归功于没有烟雾,而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语,应用名词absence“缺乏,没有”,不可数名词。故填absence。
例3(2024新课标II卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 62 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.
【答案】visibility
【解析】考查名词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式,visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。
考向二 考查形容词、副词的词形转换
例1(2026·全国II卷)For the first 15 minutes of my tai chi (太极) class, we remain 56 (entire) in one spot to warm up.
【答案】entirely
【解析】考查副词。句意:太极课的前十五分钟,我们全程待在原地热身。本空修饰动词remain,作状语,用副词entirely“完全地,全程地”。
例2(2026年1月浙江卷)Life is full of so many 45 (seeming) uneventful moments, but we can turn any of them into a celebration.
【答案】seemingly
【解析】考查副词。句意:生活中充满了许多看似平淡无奇的时刻,但我们可以把其中任何一个变成庆祝。此处修饰形容词uneventful,应用副词seemingly“看似”,作状语。故填seemingly。
例3(2026·天津第一次高考改编)8.Chinese culture is spreading______(wide), known as Hanfu around the world.
【答案】widely
【解析】考查副词。句意:中国文化在全球广泛传播,汉服便是其中广为人知的代表。此处修饰动词spreading用副词作状语,故填widely。
例4 (2023•新高考Ⅰ卷) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
【答案】rarely
【解析】考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。副词rarely修饰后面的形容词 enough“足够的”, rarely enough “几乎不够”。
例5 (2023•1月新高考浙江卷) The term “hutong”, ________ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
【答案】originally
【解析】考查副词。句意:胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思,首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。
考向三 考查形容词、副词的比较级及相关句型
例1(2026·全国I卷)Before heading home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly 65 (cheap) than those found in supermarkets.
【答案】cheaper
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:在回家之前,他们会把从当地农民那里买来的新鲜水果和蔬菜塞满购物袋,价格比超市里的便宜得多。提示词作后置定语修饰prices,且设空处后有“than”,应用比较级cheaper。
例2 (2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the 49 (large)United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】largest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园,占地220万英亩,直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the,为形容词最高级标志词,结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知,用large的最高级largest作定语,故填largest。
例3 (2023·1月新高考浙江卷) Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
【答案】simpler
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模要小很多,并且在设计和装饰上更加简单,并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
例4 (2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ______ (high) mountain.
【答案】 highest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉,用形容词最高级。故填highest。
考点六 提示词为代词—考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词
知●识●解●构
知识点1 人称代词
人称代词主格
I
we
you (你)
you (你们)
he
she
it
they
人称代词宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
知识点2 物主代词
形容词性物主代词
my
our
your (你的)
your (你们的)
his
her
its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
知识点3 反身代词
单数
myself
yourself
himself, herself, itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
与反身代词相对的短语
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
come to oneself 苏醒
by oneself 独自地
teach oneself 自学
devote oneself to 致力于……
of oneself 自动地
behave oneself 举止得体
help oneself to 自己取用……
for oneself 为自己
seat oneself 坐下
make oneself at home 不拘束
be oneself 身心自在
知识点4 与it相关的句型
it用于某些句型
It's (about/high) time+that-从句
某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时,有时也用“should+动词原形”)
It's the first/second... time+that sb. has/have done 这是某人第几次做某事
It's+时间段+since-从句
自从……有多长时间了
It's+时间段+before-从句
过了多长时间才……
it作形式主语(宾语)的用法
it常作形式主语(宾语),替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
(1)it作形式主语的句型
①It+be+adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。
②It+be+adj.+of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
③It+be+n.(+for sb./sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
④It+be+adj./n.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。
⑤It+be+n./adj.+主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange+that从句”中,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。
(2)it作形式宾语的情况
①主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+adj./n.+不定式/动名词/从句。
②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查代词的句法功能
例1(2026·天津第一次高考改编)3.Grandma always told me ______ who know contentment are the happiest.
【答案】those
【解析】考查代词的用法。句意:奶奶总是告诉我:懂得知足的人才是最幸福的。根据语境,who know contentment are the happiest中的are可知,此处是复数代词,故填those。
例2 (2018新课标III卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find
(they) alive.
【答案】them
【解析】考查人称代词宾格。句意:当我和大猩猩互相吓坏了时,我只是很高兴地发现 他们活着。作find的宾语,所以用宾格代词。
例3(2022·全国甲卷改编)Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, ________ (her) toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.
【答案】she
【解析】考查代词主格。句意:在她作为一名职业舞者的职业生涯中,她去过英国巡回演出,但总是渴望进一步探索。此处作主语,应用主格。故填she。
考向二 考查代词的词形转换
例1 (2024·全国甲卷)This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意:这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园保护好,为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
例2 (2020·新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
例3(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of (they) contents.
【答案】their
【解析】考查代词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
思维建模 提示词为代词,应考虑以下几种情况
1.若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语,则应考虑人称代词的主格形式;
2.若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语,则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式;
3.若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语,则应考虑形容词性物主代词;
4.若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语,且和主语是同一人时,则应考虑反身代词。
考向三 考查代词it的用法
例1 (2022·北京卷改编)________ is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.
【答案】It
【解析】考查it作形式主语。句意:对每个人来说,花一些时间来锻炼对健康和健身是很重要的。此处it作形式主语不定式是真正的主语;句首单词首字母大写。故填It。
例2Most critics consider ridiculous to declare that a painting from a young artist is superior to a Renaissance work.
【答案】it
【解析】句意:大多数评论家认为,宣称一位年轻画家的作品优于文艺复兴时期的作品是荒谬的。根据“consider...ridiculous to declare that...”可知,空处应用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to declare that a painting from a young artist is superior to a Renaissance work,构成“consider+it+adj.+to do sth.”结构,表示“认为做某事是……的”。
例3To maintain a healthy lifestyle, she makes a rule to turn off her phone an hour before bed.
【答案】it
【解析】句意:为了保持健康的生活方式,她规定在睡觉前一小时关掉手机。固定句型“make it + 名词 + to do sth.”,本句真正的宾语为不定式短语to turn off her phone an hour before bed,本空用it作形式宾语。
考点七 提示词为基数词—考查其序数词或其他形式
知●识●解●构
知识点1 基数词和序数词的相互转换
①一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。
②十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加e t h。
③两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。
此外,常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内,具体见下表。
one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth
知识点2 与数词相关的表达法
①分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。
②表示某人的大约年龄,即“几十多岁”时,使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s+整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his fifties。
③当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时,用单数形式,词尾不加-s;前面有many, several, a few修饰时,仍用单数形式。如:several billion years。
④“数词+普通名词+形容词”构成的合成形容词中,数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查基数词和序数词的转化
例1 (2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 62 (six) century, B. C.
【答案】sixth
【解析】考查数词。句意:寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
例2 Chopsticks, with distinctive Chinese features, are praised by westerners as “China’s (five) great invention”.
【答案】fifth
【解析】考查序数词。句意:筷子具有鲜明的中国特色,被西方人誉为“中国的第五大发明”。此处表示“第五大发明”,应用序数词fifth“第五”,表示顺序。故填fifth。
例3 Although she tried many times, it was on her (three) attempt that she finally succeeded.
【答案】third
【解析】考查序数词。句意:尽管她尝试了很多次,但正是在第三次尝试时她最终成功了。根据句意可知,此处表示“第三次尝试”,需用序数词third修饰名词attempt。故填third。
考向二 考查与数词相关的表达法
例1 (2025·上海长宁高三二模)A couple in their ________ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play golf in councilrun courses costing from £10 each time.
【答案】seventies
【解析】考查数词表达法。此处指在他们七十几岁的时候,表达为:in their seventies。故填seventies。
例2About two (three) of the students in our school like playing basketball. That’s a large number.
【答案】thirds
【解析】考查分数的表达。句意:我们学校大约三分之二的学生喜欢打篮球。这是一个很大的数字。分数由“基数词(分子)+ 序数词(分母)”构成,分子大于1时分母用复数,“三分之二”的正确表达是two thirds,故填thirds。
例3To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eldest son shall take a half, my second son shall take a (three).
【答案】third
【解析】考查序数词。句意:我把十七匹马留给我的三个儿子。我的大儿子得一半,二儿子得三分之一。从上下文连续起来理解,这是一个分马的计划,大儿子分得a half,也就是“一半”或“二分之一”,那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”,所以要填入作分母的序数词third,结合空格前的a可知third用单数形式即可。故填third。
例4My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is (two) as expensive.
【答案】twice
【解析】考查倍数。句意:我叔叔在闹市区的房子比我们的房子要小得多,但是价格却是我们房子价格的两倍。根据句子结构和句意可知,此处是想表达倍数,结构为“倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as+比较对象”结构,其中比较对象可以省略。“两倍”的正确表达为twice,该句后半句的完整形式为 but it is twice as expensive as ours。故填twice。
考点八 有提示词的语法填空基本知识的综合运用
知●识●解●构
知识点 有提示词的语法填空重难点突破:
有提示词的语法填空在高考语法填空的命题中占7个左右,是语法填空的重点考查内容,掌握了有提示词的语法填空的解题思路和方法也就把握了语法填空的重点。
策略:1.看提示词的哪种词类;2.根据词类定填空的方向,从而确定是词形转换还是词的具体用法,这是解题关键。
有提示词的语法填空的做题思维导图:
考●向●破●译
考向 考查有提示词的语法填空
(2026·河北衡水中学综合素质评价)
Since November 5, the Inka Museum in Cuzco, Peru, has held the exhibition “Light of the Sun: A Dialogue Between Ancient Shu and Inca Civilizations”, 1 features numerous cultural treasures. On display are copies and 3D-printed versions of 2 (object) from China’s ancient Shu kingdom, such as giant bronze trees and golden masks, alongside Inca relics (文物). Both cultures share a respect for the sun and a love for gold, 3 (make) the exhibition a powerful vehicle for cultural exchange.
This is not the first cross-cultural event. In 2016, to mark 4 45th anniversary of China-Peru diplomatic (外交的) relations, over 100 Chinese exhibits were shown in Lima, with thousands of visitors eager 5 (see) relics like the Terracotta Warriors.
In recent years, Chinese museums have also hosted Peruvian relic exhibitions. A 2021 joint show 6 (tour) five Chinese cities. After that, a 2024 exhibition featuring 168 relics from 14 Peruvian museums proved highly popular in Chengdu 7 Shenzhen, attracting over a million visitors in total. The Peruvian President even visited the Shenzhen show.
These exchanges can 8 (deep) mutual understanding and help people recognize 9 (share) cultural roots. They highlight the vital role cultural interaction plays 10 bridging distant civilizations and strengthening ties between China and Peru.
【答案】
1.which 2.objects 3.making 4.the 5.to see 6.toured 7.and 8.deepen 9.shared 10.in
【解析】本文主要介绍秘鲁库斯科印加博物馆举办古蜀与印加文明对话主题展览,梳理中秘历年文物互展历程,点明文明交流的意义。
1.考查定语从句。句意:自11月5日起,秘鲁库斯科的印加博物馆举办了名为《太阳之光:古蜀与印加文明的对话》的展览,该展览展出了大量文化瑰宝。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the exhibition(物),关系代词在从句内部作主语,只能用关系代词which。
2.考查名词单复数。句意:展出物品包括来自中国古蜀王国文物的复刻品与3D打印版本,例如巨型青铜神树与黄金面具,同时还有印加文物。object为可数名词,后文列举了青铜神树、黄金面具两类文物,指代多件古蜀文物,需要变为复数形式objects。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:两种文明都尊崇太阳且喜爱黄金,这使得本次展览成为文化交流的有力载体。空格前句子结构完整,无并列连词,空格为非谓语动词。主句描述的客观事实主动引出后文结果,现在分词making表自然而然的结果。
4.考查定冠词。句意:2016年,为纪念中秘建交45周年,超过100件中国展品在利马展出,数千名游客渴望观赏兵马俑等文物。序数词45th(第四十五)前面必须加定冠词the,特指中秘外交关系的第45个周年。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。固定短语be eager to do sth. 意为“渴望做某事”,eager后必须接动词不定式。
6.考查时态。句意:一场2021年的联合展览在中国五座城市巡回展出。本句缺少谓语动词,时间状语2021为明确过去时间,时态用一般过去时,tour过去式直接加ed。
7.考查并列连词。句意:在那之后,一场汇集14座秘鲁博物馆168件文物的2024年展览在成都和深圳大受欢迎,总共吸引了超过一百万游客。Chengdu与Shenzhen为两个并列地点名词,表并列关系,用并列连词and。
8.考查动词。句意:这些交流能够加深相互理解,并且帮助人们认识共通的文化根源。情态动词can后必须接动词原形,deep为形容词“深的”,对应的动词为deepen,意为“加深;深化”。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。share与后文cultural roots为被动逻辑关系,文化根源是被双方所共享的,用过去分词shared作前置定语。
10.考查介词。句意:它们凸显了文化互动在衔接遥远文明、巩固中秘双边关系方面的重要作用。固定结构play a role in doing sth. 意为“在做某事中发挥作用”,本句为定语从句变形,先行词role提前,介词in不发生改变。
真题溯源·考向感知
——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2025年1月浙江高考)The concept 62 (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
【答案】is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来,男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说,它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语,句子陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,主语The concept是单数名词,谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。
2.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【答案】have started
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
3.(2023年新高考II卷) As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【答案】wished
【解析】考查时态。句意:小时候,我希望长大后成为一名动物园饲养员。根据“As a little girl…”可知,本空应用一般过去时。
4.(2021·浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查动词。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
5.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
【答案】to give
【解析】考查非谓语动词作目的状语。句意:这些萼片在温暖的日子开放给温室内部的植物阳光和新鲜空气。分析结构可知,本句已有谓语opens,空格应是非谓语动词,根据语境空格需填动词不定式to give作目的状语。故填to give。
6.(2024·新高考II卷)___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion.
【答案】Recalling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版,并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,Edmondson说:“听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的,非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语,主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式担当状语;出现在句首,首字母大写。故填Recalling。
7.(2024·新高考II卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
【答案】 to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语,用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
8.(2020·新课标II卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【答案】 decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
9. (2024新课标I卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful.
【答案】functional
【解析】考查形容词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure,应用形容词作定语functional,符合题意。故填functional。
10.(2023全国乙卷)The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【答案】remarkable
【解析】考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
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