2027届高考英语长难句专项突破练习4

**基本信息** 聚焦高考英语长难句结构解析与应用，通过从句识别、主干提取、语法填空及双向翻译的递进训练，系统构建长难句处理能力，提升语言理解与表达的思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |从句结构分析|10题|识别从句类型及成分|覆盖定语/名词性/状语从句，建立从句功能认知| |断句与主干提取|5题|划除修饰成分提取主干|区分修饰与核心信息，强化句子结构分析能力| |语法填空|20题|语法形式填空|融合从句连接词、非谓语等考点，实现结构知识向应用转化| |中译英|5题|主题性长句翻译|运用核心结构完成输出，提升语言表达的准确性| |英译中|5题|理解性长句翻译|通过结构分析实现语义转换，培养语言理解的深度|

高考英语长难句专项突破练习4 一、 从句结构分析（共10题） 要求： 请指出下列长难句中包含的从句类型，并简要说明其在句中的成分或修饰对象。 1. The athlete, whose dedication to training amazed the entire nation, eventually won the gold medal in the marathon. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What makes this painting so attractive is that the artist used a unique combination of light and shadow. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The reason why the patient recovered so quickly was that he received timely and professional medical treatment. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Although the environmentalists had warned the public repeatedly, they still ignored the signs of global warming. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. It is widely acknowledged that the ancient sculptures, which were discovered in the cave, represent a high level of craftsmanship. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. The coach, who had been analyzing the opponent's tactics all night, instructed the team to change their defense strategy. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Whenever the orchestra performs this symphony, the audience is deeply moved by the beautiful melody. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. There is no doubt that the excessive use of chemical fertilizers, which pollutes the soil, threatens food safety. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. The hospital will not release the patient until his vital signs, which are currently unstable, return to normal. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. It was not until the referee blew the final whistle that the players realized they had won the championship. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、长难句断句与主干提取 要求： 请划去句子中的修饰成分（如定语、状语、插入语等），提取出句子的核心主干（主语+谓语+宾语/表语），并指出被划去部分的语法功能。 1. The sudden outbreak of the disease, which spread rapidly across the continent, forced the government to close all borders. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Despite the fact that the musician had lost his hearing, he continued to compose masterpieces. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What impressed the judges most was the gymnast's flawless performance on the balance beam. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The volunteers, having cleaned up the polluted beach for days, decided to plant trees along the coast, tired but satisfied. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. It is the strict adherence to the rules that ensures the fairness of the competition. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、 长难句语法填空 要求： 在空白处填入适当的单词（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，使句子语法完整、语义通顺。 1. The famous museum, _______ collections date back to the 18th century, attracts millions of visitors every year. 2. _______ (exhaust) from the intense match, the tennis player collapsed on the court. 3. It is crucial that the new vaccine _______ (test) on animals before it is used on humans. 4. The concert, _______ (postpone) twice due to bad weather, will finally be held next Saturday. 5. Not only _______ the team win the game, but they also broke the national record. 6. _______ matters most in the competition is not the prize, but the spirit of fair play. 7. The reason _______ the forest fire was out of control is that the wind was too strong. 8. He was so devoted to his art _______ he neglected his health. 9. The director, accompanied by the lead actors, _______ (attend) the premiere at this moment. 10. _______ (absorb) in the novel, the student didn't notice the teacher approaching. 11. This is the exact stadium _______ the historic football match took place. 12. I am not sure _______ the committee will accept the proposal for the new park. 13. Only after the game was over _______ the fans leave the stadium. 14. The news _______ the singer had canceled the tour spread quickly on the Internet. 15. _______ (judge) from the audience's reaction, the performance was a great success. 16. She made a suggestion _______ the exhibition should be extended for another week. 17. It was not until the doctor arrived _______ the patient's condition improved. 18. The organizers found _______ necessary to provide free water for the runners. 19. _______ the pollution is getting worse, the local government has taken action. 20. The girl _______ (stand) by the window is the winner of the singing contest. 四、 长难句中译英（主题：体育赛事与环境保护） 要求： 运用高考核心词汇及长难句结构，将下列中文句子翻译成英文。 1. 毫无疑问，举办奥运会不仅促进了主办国的经济发展，而且提高了其国际地位。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 正是由于对环境保护的重视，许多城市正在采取严格的措施来减少空气污染。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 只有当运动员们意识到公平竞争的重要性时，他们才会尊重对手和规则。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 无论训练多么艰苦，那些致力于突破极限的运动员总能克服各种困难。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 那个致力于保护濒危物种的组织，上个月发起了一个旨在提高公众意识的活动。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、 长难句英译中（主题：艺术鉴赏与医疗健康） 要求： 准确理解句子结构，用通顺的中文翻译下列英文长难句。 1. It is the unique style of the sculpture that has attracted art lovers from all over the world. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Although the new drug showed promising results in the initial trials, it still needs further testing. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The exhibition, which was organized by a local gallery, aims to showcase the works of young artists. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What doctors have emphasized recently is that a balanced diet is essential for maintaining good health. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Unless effective measures are taken to preserve these historical buildings, they will be destroyed by modern construction. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高考英语长难句专项突破练习4 一、从句结构分析 要求：请指出下列长难句中包含的从句类型，并简要说明其在句中的成分或修饰对象。 1. The study, which tracked over 10,000 volunteers for five years, proved regular walking reduces risks of mental illness. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What shocked researchers most is that screen time longer than four hours harms teenagers’ sleep quality. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The reason why printed reading improves memory is that it requires deeper concentration. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. While digital books are more convenient, they cannot offer readers the same sense of immersion. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. It is widely recognized that the ancient villages, which lie in mountain areas, carry valuable traditional culture. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. The scientist, who has devoted decades to renewable energy, published a paper on low-carbon technology. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Whenever the local museum holds folk art exhibitions, thousands of tourists come to visit. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. There is no denying that plastic waste, which pollutes oceans seriously, threatens marine creatures. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Farmers will stop watering crops until the heavy rain, which has been forecast for days, arrives. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. It was not until scientists collected enough data that they realized climate change speeds up glacier melting. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案与详细解析】 1. 非限制性定语从句；which tracked over 10,000 volunteers for five years修饰先行词The study，which在从句中作主语；本句无其他从句。 2. 主语从句+表语从句；What shocked researchers most为主语从句，在整句中作主语；that screen time longer than four hours harms teenagers’ sleep quality是表语从句，置于系动词is后，解释主语具体内容。 3. 定语从句+表语从句；why printed reading improves memory为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The reason；that it requires deeper concentration是表语从句，说明reason的具体内容。 4. 让步状语从句；While引导让步状语从句，对比纸质阅读与电子阅读，主句为后半句。 5. 形式主语从句+非限制性定语从句；It作形式主语，that引导真正主语从句；which lie in mountain areas是非限制性定语从句，修饰the ancient villages。 6. 非限制性定语从句；who has devoted decades to renewable energy修饰The scientist，who在从句中作主语；instructed后不定式为宾补，无额外从句。 7. 时间状语从句；Whenever引导时间状语从句，表“每当……”，修饰后面主句。 8. 同位语从句+非限制性定语从句；that引导同位语从句，解释no denying的完整内容；which pollutes oceans seriously修饰先行词plastic waste。 9. 时间状语从句+非限制性定语从句；until引导时间状语从句；which has been forecast for days修饰the heavy rain。 10. 强调句型内嵌时间状语从句+宾语从句；It was…that…为强调句型，被强调部分not until引导时间状语从句；they realized后that宾语从句（省略that）作realized宾语。 二、长难句断句与主干提取 要求：划去句子中的修饰成分（定语、状语、插入语、非谓语等），提取句子核心主干（主语+谓语+宾语/表语），并指出被划去部分的语法功能。 1. The new policy on carbon reduction, which took effect last month, encourages factories to cut fossil fuel use. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Despite the truth that many young people prefer short videos, paper books still enjoy steady sales. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What helps students memorize knowledge best is repeated review with proper rest breaks. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The environmental volunteers, having cleaned river channels for weeks, decided to plant willows along banks, tired but hopeful. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. It is persistent daily practice that shapes students’ excellent English reading ability. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案与详细解析】 1. 主干：The new policy encourages factories to cut fossil fuel use. 解析：划去部分on carbon reduction（介词短语后置定语，修饰policy）、which took effect last month（非限制性定语从句，插入修饰主语policy）。 2. 主干：paper books still enjoy steady sales. 解析：划去部分Despite the truth that many young people prefer short videos（介词短语作让步状语；that引导同位语从句解释truth）。 3. 主干：What helps students memorize knowledge best is repeated review. 解析：本句主干自带主语从句，with proper rest breaks为后置定语修饰review，可划去；无多余插入修饰。 4. 主干：The volunteers decided to plant willows. 解析：划去having cleaned river channels for weeks（现在分词短语作原因状语）；along banks（地点状语）；tired but hopeful（形容词短语作伴随状语）。 5. 主干：persistent daily practice shapes students’ excellent English reading ability. 解析：It is…that…典型强调句型，It仅为形式主语，真正被强调主语是persistent daily practice；daily、excellent English reading均为前置定语。 三、长难句语法填空 要求：在空白处填入适当单词（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，使句子语法完整、语义通顺。 1. The national library, _______ collections cover thousands of ancient manuscripts, attracts millions of readers yearly. 2. _______ (absorb) in academic research, the biologist ignored the passing of time. 3. It is vital that new energy vehicles _______ (promote) widely to lower carbon emissions. 4. The sports meeting, _______ (delay) three times due to heavy rain, will be held next Friday. 5. Not only _______ the team win the regional match, but they also broke the city record. 6. _______ matters most in sustainable development is balance between nature and human activity. 7. The reason _______ wildlife habitats disappear rapidly is human over-exploitation of land. 8. He was so addicted to reading science journals _______ he seldom took outdoor exercise. 9. The professor, accompanied by two graduate students, _______ (deliver) a speech on ecology right now. 10. _______ (exhaust) after field investigation, the researchers fell asleep immediately. 11. This is the exact wetland _______ rare black cranes choose to spend winter each year. 12. We are not certain _______ local government will approve the new ecological park plan. 13. Only after all waste was sorted _______ visitors be allowed to enter the scenic area. 14. The news _______ the coastal wetland would be protected spread quickly online. 15. _______ (judge) from public feedback, the environmental lecture achieved great success. 16. Citizens put forward a suggestion _______ plastic shopping bags should be totally banned. 17. It was not until experts arrived _______ the polluted river started to recover. 18. Researchers find _______ necessary to record animal behaviors for long-term observation. 19. _______ waste classification can reduce pollution greatly, schools carry out related courses. 20. The teenager _______ (collect) waste bottles by the lake is an environmental volunteer. 【答案与详细解析】 1. whose 解析：非限制性定语从句，library与collections为所属关系，whose作定语修饰collections。 2. Absorbed 解析：固定搭配be absorbed in（专注于），过去分词作状语，省略being。 3. (should) be promoted 解析：It is vital that虚拟语气，从句用(should)+动词原形；车辆与推广为被动，用be promoted。 4. delayed 解析：过去分词作后置定语，相当于which was delayed，表被动。 5. did 解析：Not only置于句首主句部分倒装；后半句broke为过去式，助动词用did。 6. What 解析：主语从句，从句缺少主语，指代“……的事”，用what。 7. why 解析：定语从句修饰the reason，从句结构完整，表原因用关系副词why。 8. that 解析：so…that…固定结果状语从句句型。 9. is delivering 解析：主语后accompanied by不改变主语单复数；the professor单数，at this moment用现在进行时。 10. Exhausted 解析：be exhausted from（筋疲力尽），过去分词作状语。 11. where 解析：定语从句先行词wetland表地点，从句完整，用where作地点状语。 12. whether/if 解析：宾语从句，表“是否”，二者均可。 13. did 解析：Only+状语从句放句首主句倒装；was提示过去时，助动词did。 14. that 解析：同位语从句，解释news具体内容，从句不缺成分，用that。 15. Judging 解析：固定独立短语judging from/by（从……判断），固定用现在分词，无需变形。 16. that 解析：同位语从句，解释suggestion的内容。 17. that 解析：It was not until…that…标准强调句型。 18. it 解析：find it + adj. + to do，it作形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式。 19. Since/As 解析：原因状语从句，表“由于”，句首首字母大写。 20. collecting 解析：现在分词作后置定语，teenager与collect为主动关系，相当于who is collecting。 四、长难句中译英（主题：低碳环保与全民健身） 要求：运用高考核心词汇及长难句结构，将中文译为标准高考英文长难句。 1. 毫无疑问，普及全民健身不仅能增强国民体质，还能缓解各类心理压力。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 正是全社会对低碳生活的广泛倡导，越来越多居民选择乘坐公共交通出行。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 只有当人们意识到生态保护的重要性，他们才会主动减少一次性用品的使用。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 无论户外训练多么辛苦，那些坚持低碳出行的市民总能长期保持健康状态。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 那个致力于保护城市湿地的公益组织，上个月发起了一场提升全民环保意识的宣传活动。 【答案与详细解析】 1. There is no doubt that popularizing national fitness can not only strengthen people’s physical fitness but also relieve various mental pressures. 解析：There is no doubt that引导同位语从句；not only…but also并列谓语；popularize national fitness普及全民健身。 2. It is the widespread advocacy of low-carbon life across society that makes more and more citizens choose public transport for trips. 解析：It is…that强调句型，强调主语the widespread advocacy of low-carbon life。 3. Only when people realize the importance of ecological protection will they take the initiative to cut down the use of disposable products. 解析：Only+时间状语从句置于句首，主句部分倒装；disposable products一次性用品。 4. No matter how tough outdoor training is, those citizens who stick to low-carbon travel can keep healthy for a long time. 解析：No matter how引导让步状语从句；who引导定语从句修饰citizens；stick to坚持。 5. The public welfare organization, which is devoted to protecting urban wetlands, launched a campaign aimed at raising citizens’ environmental awareness last month. 解析：非限制性定语从句修饰organization；be devoted to致力于；launch a campaign发起活动。 五、长难句英译中（主题：自然保护与青少年身心健康） 要求：准确拆解复合句结构，用通顺书面中文翻译长难句。 1. It is the joint efforts of every citizen that slow down the speed of global warming effectively. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Although outdoor sports bring plenty of benefits to teenagers, many students still spend too much time online. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The environmental activity, which was organized by local high schools, aims to teach students waste sorting knowledge. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What psychologists have stressed recently is that regular outdoor exercise is essential to teenagers’ mental health. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Unless effective measures are taken to protect wild birds, their living areas will keep shrinking year by year. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案与详细解析】 1. 正是每一位公民的共同努力，有效减缓了全球变暖的速度。 解析：It is…that强调句型，强调主语the joint efforts of every citizen。 2. 尽管户外运动能给青少年带来诸多益处，但很多学生依旧花费大量时间上网。 解析：Although引导让步状语从句，bring benefits to sb.给某人带来好处。 3. 这场由当地多所中学联合举办的环保活动，旨在向学生传授垃圾分类相关知识。 解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，翻译时前置作定语修饰activity。 4. 心理学家近期反复强调的一点是，规律的户外运动对青少年的心理健康至关重要。 解析：主语从句+表语从句嵌套结构，essential至关重要的。 5. 如果不采取有效措施保护野生鸟类，它们的栖息区域将会逐年持续缩小。 解析：Unless引导条件状语从句，等同于if…not；shrink（面积、范围）缩小。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考英语长难句专项突破练习4 一、从句结构分析（共10题） 要求：清指出下列长难句中包含的从句类型，并简要说明膜在句中的成分或修饰对掾。 1.The athlete,whose dedication to training amazed the entire nation,eventually won the gold medal in the marathon. 2.What makes this painting so attractive is that the artist used a unique combination of light and shadow. 3.The reason why the patient recovered so quickly was that he received timely and professional medical treatment. 4.Although the environmentalists had wamned the public repeatedly,they still ignored the signs of global warming. 5.It is widely acknowledged that the ancient sculptures,which were discovered in the cave, represent a high level of craftsmanship. 6.The coach,who had been analyzing the opponent's tactics all night,instructed the team to change their defense strategy. 7.Whenever the orchestra performs this symphony,the audience is deeply moved by the beautiful melody. 8.There is no doubt that the excessive use of chemical fertilizers,which pollutes the soil,threatens food safety. 9.The hospital will not release the patient until his vital signs,which are currently unstable,return to normal. 10.It was not until the referee blew the final whistle that the players realized they had won the championship. 二、长难句断句与主干提取 要求：清制去句子中的修饰成粉（如定语、状语插入语等），提取出句子的核心主干（主语+谓语+宾语 表语)，并指出被制去部分的语法功能。 1.The sudden outbreak of the disease,which spread rapidly across the continent,forced the government to close all borders. 2.Despite the fact that the musician had lost his hearing,he continued to compose masterpieces. 3.What impressed the judges most was the gymnast's flawless performance on the balance beam. 4.The volunteers,having cleaned up the polluted beach for days,decided to plant trees along the coast,tired but satisfied. 5.It is the strict adherence to the rules that ensures the fairness of the competition. 三、长难句语法填空 要求：在空白处填入适当的单词(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，使句子语法完整、语义通顺 1.The famous museum,collections date back to the 18th century,attracts millions of visitors every year. 2.(exhaust)from the intense match,the tennis player collapsed on the court. 3.It is crucial that the new vaccine_(test)on animals before it is used on humans. 4.The concert,_(postpone)twice due to bad weather,will finally be held next Saturday. 5.Not only__the team win the game,but they also broke the national record. 6.matters most in the competition is not the prize,but the spirit of fair play. 7.The reason the forest fire was out of control is that the wind was too strong. 8.He was so devoted to his art_he neglected his health. 9.The director,accompanied by the lead actors,(attend)the premiere at this moment. 10. (absorb)in the novel,the student didn't notice the teacher approaching 11.This is the exact stadium the historic football match took place. 12.I am not sure_the committee will accept the proposal for the new park. 13.Only after the game was over_the fans leave the stadium. 14.The news_the singer had canceled the tour spread quickly on the Internet. 15.(judge)from the audience's reaction,the performance was a great success. 16.She made a suggestion_the exhibition should be extended for another week. 17.It was not until the doctor arrived_the patient's condition improved. 18.The organizers found necessary to provide free water for the runners. 19. _the pollution is getting worse,the local government has taken action. 20.The girl(stand)by the window is the winner of the singing contest. 四、长难句中译英（主题：体育赛事与环境保护) 要求：运用高考核心词汇及长难句结构，将下列中文句子翻译成英文。 1.毫无疑问，举办奥运会不仅促进了主办国的经济发展，而且提高了其国际地位。 2.正是由于对环境保护的重视，许多城市正在采取严格的措施来减少空气污染。 3.只有当运动员们意识到公平竞争的重要性时，他们才会尊重对手和规则。 4.无论训练多么艰苦，那些致力于突破极限的运动员总能克服各种困难。 5.那个致力于保护濒危物种的组织，上个月发起了一个旨在提高公众意识的活动。 五、长难句英译中（主题：艺术鉴赏与医疗健康） 要求：准确理解句子结构，用通顺的中文翻泽下列英文长难句。 1.It is the unique style of the sculpture that has attracted art lovers from all over the world. 2.Although the new drug showed promising results in the initial trials,it still needs further testing. 3.The exhibition,which was organized by a local gallery,aims to showcase the works of young artists. 4.What doctors have emphasized recently is that a balanced diet is essential for maintaining good health. 5.Unless effective measures are taken to preserve these historical buildings,they will be destroyed by modern construction.