专题27 长难句分析（专项训练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 以长难句类型（简单句、并列句、复合句、混合型）为逻辑主线，通过模拟、重难、真题三级演练，培养学生分析复杂句式的语言能力和逻辑思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|单句语法填空（4考向）、语篇语法填空（3篇）|聚焦不同类型长难句的语法应用|从简单句到混合型长难句，由基础到综合递进| |重难·创新演练|所给词适当形式填空（11题）、语法填空（5篇新情境语篇）|结合虚假评价等新情境，考查复杂句式分析|在真实语篇中深化长难句结构理解与应用| |真题·实战演练|23个真题长难句|覆盖全国卷高频考点，强化实战能力|对接高考命题趋势，巩固长难句处理核心方法|

专题27 长难句分析 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：长难句的特点，简单句中的长难句，并列句中的长难句，复合句中长难句，混合型长难句，处理长难句的方法 一、单句语法填空 考向01 考查简单句中的长难句 1.（2026·全国II卷）Teaching kids work ethic is to gently and consistently push them toward responsibility, determination, and pride in their efforts. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个简单句。主语是动名词短语“Teaching kids work ethic”。谓语是“is”。表语是不定式短语“to gently and consistently push them toward responsibility, determination, and pride in their efforts”。 【译文】 培养孩子的职业道德就是温和而持续地推动他们走向责任、决心和对自己付出的自豪感。 2.（2026·全国II卷）I still loved the night and would stay up until unruly hours for no apparent reason, chatting online and watching videos. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个简单句。主干是“I still loved the night and would stay up until unruly hours for no apparent reason”，包含两个由“and”连接的并列谓语“loved”和“would stay up”。“chatting online and watching videos”是两个并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语。 【译文】 我仍然喜欢夜晚，会毫无明显理由地熬夜到很晚，在网上聊天和看视频。 3.（2026·全国II卷）Back in 1951, Reisley was just 26, newly married and ready to put down roots. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个简单句。主干是“Reisley was just 26”。“newly married”和“ready to put down roots”是两个并列的形容词短语，作主语补足语，补充说明主语Reisley的状态。句首的“Back in 1951”是时间状语。 【译文】 早在1951年，雷斯利才26岁，新婚燕尔，正准备安顿下来。 考向02 考查并列句中的长难句 1.（2026·全国II卷）The D.C. area is home to many outstanding Chinese restaurants, but diners willing to travel outside the city limits will also be rewarded. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个由“but”连接的并列复合句。第一个分句是“The D.C. area is home to many outstanding Chinese restaurants”。第二个分句的主干是“diners...will also be rewarded”，其中“willing to travel outside the city limits”是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰“diners”。 【译文】 华盛顿特区地区拥有许多出色的中餐馆，但愿意前往市区以外就餐的食客也会有所收获。 2.（2026·全国II卷）There were times when I found myself wondering if I should pack it all in, but the boy's words kept ringing in my ears. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个由“but”连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中，“There were times”是主句，“when I found myself wondering if I should pack it all in”是定语从句，修饰先行词“times”，其中“if I should pack it all in”是“wondering”的宾语从句。第二个分句是“the boy's words kept ringing in my ears”。 【译文】 有些时候我发现自己怀疑是否应该放弃一切，但那个男孩的话一直在我耳边回响。 3.（2026·全国II卷）Roland Reisley turned 101 years old in May and is in remarkable health, but that's not the thing he prides himself on. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个由“but”连接的并列复合句。第一个分句是“Roland Reisley turned 101 years old in May and is in remarkable health”，包含两个由“and”连接的并列谓语“turned”和“is”。第二个分句是“that's not the thing”，其中“he prides himself on”是省略了关系代词“that/which”的定语从句，修饰先行词“the thing”。 【译文】 罗兰·雷斯利于今年五月满101岁，身体依然非常健康，但这并不是他引以为豪的事情。 考向03考查复合句中长难句 1.（2026·全国II卷）Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个复合句。句首“Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011”是时间状语从句。主句主干是“the issue...and the need...have only become more urgent”。“of sea-level rise”是介词短语作后置定语，修饰“issue”；“to place it historically”是不定式短语作后置定语，修饰“need”。冒号后的内容是对主句的解释说明，其中“about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993”是“5 centimeters”的同位语，“recorded by satellites since 1993”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“rise”。 【译文】 自从我在2011年8月开始思考这个项目以来，海平面上升的问题以及将其置于历史背景下审视的必要性变得愈发紧迫：从那时起到2022年底，全球海平面上升了近5厘米，约占自1993年以来卫星记录的总上升量的一半。 2.（2026·全国II卷）Sixteen stations of Barcelona's subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains' brakes is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个复合句。主句是“Sixteen stations...are part of its new MetroCharge project”。“whereby”引导定语从句，修饰先行词“project”。在该定语从句中，主干是“the energy...is used to power the trains and the stations themselves”，其中“from the underground trains' brakes”是介词短语作后置定语，修饰“energy”。“while”引导并列分句“the remainder is sent snaking through cables to the surface”，“to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles”是不定式短语作目的状语。 【译文】 巴塞罗那地铁系统的16个车站是其新的MetroCharge项目的一部分，该项目利用地下列车刹车的能量为列车和车站本身供电，而剩余的能量则通过电缆蜿蜒传输到地面，为私人车辆的充电站供电。 3.（2026·全国II卷）Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个复合句。主句是“Alvaro Luna...said”。“a professor of electrical engineering”是主语“Alvaro Luna”的同位语。“that”引导宾语从句。在该宾语从句中，主干是“the system is innovative”，“in so far as”引导条件状语从句“it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses”。破折号后的“in this case powering electric cars parked nearby”是对“specific local uses”的解释说明，“parked nearby”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“electric cars”。 【译文】 电气工程教授阿尔瓦罗·卢纳表示，该系统具有创新性，因为它允许将回收的能量重新定向到特定的本地用途——在这种情况下是为停放在附近的电动汽车充电。 考向04考查混合型长难句 1.（2026年1月浙江卷D）In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. 分析：本句中In a study published in Plant Phenomics是介词短语作状语，其中published in Plant Phenomics是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰study；Busch and Pereira是句子主语，establish是谓语，a new procedure是宾语，for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes是后置定语修饰procedure；破折号后面的内容是对plant root phenotypes的具体解释说明。 句意：在发表于《植物表型组学》的一项研究中，布施和佩雷拉建立了一种使用SLEAP分析植物根系表型的新程序——即根系生长的深度和宽度、根系变得有多庞大以及其他物理特性。 2. （2026年1月浙江卷D）What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. 分析：本句中What’s more是衔接词；tracking these physical root system characteristics是动名词短语作主语，helps是谓语，scientists是宾语，find genes是省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，associated with those characteristics是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰genes；as well as连接两个并列的宾语成分，whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently是宾语从句。 句意：此外，追踪这些根系系统的物理特征有助于科学家找到与这些特征相关的基因，以及多个根系特征是由相同基因决定还是独立决定的。 二、语篇语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。[2025·浙江1月考] ‘A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War Ⅱ in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavours to the planting mixes while playing with colour and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. (　)28.What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A.Running out of. B.Keeping away from. C.Putting up with. D.Taking advantage of. (　)29.Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A.To control weeds in large gardens. B.To bring in foreign species of plants. C.To conserve soil and water resources. D.To develop low-maintenance parkland. (　)30.Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A.Traditional. B.Odd-looking. C.Tasteful. D.Well-protected. (　)31.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A.The future of gardening is wild B.Nature treats all lives as equals C.Matrix gardens need more care D.Old garden plots work wonders 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的园艺设计方法——矩阵式种植法,该方法强调通过模仿自然的方式来减少人工干预,使园艺变得更自然且具有环保和美学价值。 28.B　词义猜测题。第一段中“…to garden more like nature does.”描述了一种更自然的花园状态,而画线词后“…fertilizers(化肥) and power tools…”明显是指人工干预。由此可推知,画线词意为“避免”或“远离”,避免人工的干预才会让花园更原生态。因此,B选项“Keeping away from.”是正确的。应选B项。 29.D　细节理解题。第二段中“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War Ⅱ in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.”说明,矩阵式种植的概念是在二战后由德国城市规划者引入的,目的是种植大片低维护成本的绿地。因此,D选项“为了开发易维护的公园绿地。”最符合题意。应选D项。 30.C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知,Piet Oudolf在种植的时候加入了艺术元素,尤其是在色彩和形态上,比如雕塑般形态的奇特种子头让花园美不胜收。因此,C选项“雅致的,有品位的”是对其花园最合适的描述。应选C项。 31.A　主旨大意题。文章首段介绍了矩阵式种植法的理念:减少人工干预,发挥自然的作用;第二、 三段介绍了这种设计方法的起源和发展;第四段聚焦矩阵式种植的原则;最后一段分析了这种设计方法带来的益处。因此,文章旨在介绍一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵式种植法。标题A结合了“矩阵式种植自然野生”的特点,表现了未来园艺的趋势。因此,A选项“园艺的未来将回归原野。”最适合作为文章标题。应选A项。 【长难句分析】 1.【原句】The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. 【译文】这个概念诞生于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制的方式种植大片公园绿地，以减少维护工作。 【分析】主句：The concept was born； 时间状语从句：when planners sought to plant parkland after WWII 方式状语：in a reproducible way 定语从句：that would need minimal maintenance 2. 【原句】In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. 【译文】在矩阵花园中，具有相似文化需求的植物被分组，以便它们在地上和地下一起生长，形成一个合作的生态系统，节约水和抑制杂草。 【分析】主句：Plants with similar needs are grouped.目的状语从句：so that they will grow together (above and below ground).伴随状语（分词短语）：forming a cooperative ecosystem.定语从句：that conserves water and discourages weeds. 3.【原句】Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. 【译文】在“种对植物，种对地方”的理念下，他们将喜欢相同土壤、阳光和天气条件的植物配对，并按照它们的生长模式进行排列。 【分析】句中Led by the concept... 分词短语作状语， they match plants 是主句，that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.定语从句修饰plants。 ‘ Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。[2025·浙江1月考] 　　As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behaviour. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics. In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu”. It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices. While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. Martin􀆳s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it—they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she”. Martin sees a silver lining, however: she believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes”. When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles—a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. (　)32.What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless? A.To reduce stereotypes. B.To meet public demand. C.To cut production costs. D.To encourage competition. (　)33.What were the participants probably asked to do in the study? A.Design a product. B.Respond to a survey. C.Work as assistants. D.Take a language test. (　)34.Why is it difficult to create genderless objects? A.They cannot be mass-produced. B.Naming them is a challenging task. C.People assume they are unreliable. D.Gender is rooted in people’s mind. (　)35.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A.The quality of genderless products. B.The upside of gendering a product. C.The meaning of anthropomorphism. D.The stereotypes of men and women. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了新技术在性别化和去性别化设计上的争议,尤其是性别化产品如何影响用户的情感和市场营销,同时探讨了拟人化设计如何改变对性别的刻板印象。 32.A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways…”可知,人们对性别有刻板印象。并且提到“Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this.”去性别化设计似乎可以解决这个问题。因此,A选项“为了减少刻板印象。”是正确的。应选A项。 33.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“…Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as ‘Miuu.’”可知,Martin在她的研究中让参与者对一款数字语音助手和名为“Miuu”的自动驾驶汽车的男性、女性和无性别版本的依恋程度进行评分。由此可推测,该项研究采用了调查法,参与者需要对相关的调查内容做出回应,故应选B项。 34.D　推理判断题。根据第四段中“…if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it…”可知,尽管物品设计为无性别,参与者仍会不自觉地赋予它性别。由此可见,性别的认知深植人们心中,这使得创造无性别物品变得困难。故D选项“性别根植于人们的思维中。”最为准确。应选D项。 35.B　段落大意题。最后一段提到,拟人化给改变刻板印象提供了机会。比如,女性管理公司,就会改变对女性的刻板印象。那么拟人化的产品,如果设计为与刻板印象不一样的性别,比如男性机器人做女性经常做的工作,可以逐渐让人们改变对男女的刻板印象。因此B选项“将产品性别化的好处。”最符合该段的主旨。应选B项。 【长难句分析】 1.【原句】Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics. 【译文】然而，正如马丁在她的工作中发现的那样，性别是人们与物体建立联系的基本方式之一，尤其是那些具有人类特征的设计。 【分析】as Martin has found in her work是非限制性定语从句，people form connections with objects...是定语从句，修饰先行词ways。designed with human characteristics是过去分词短语作定语。 2.【原句】Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. 【译文】类似地，人类化的产品也可以被创造出来承担与刻板印象不一致的角色——例如，一个男性机器人帮助哺乳，或一个女性机器人帮助计算。 【分析】破折号后是同位语，同位语由并列连词or连接，that assists with nursing和 that helps do calculations是定语从句。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 [2025·浙江1月考] 　　When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food—something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume—even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” (　)24.What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A.She is upset by her kids’ weight. B.She is critical of the way she was fed. C.She is interested in making food. D.She is particular about what she eats. (　)25.Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A.Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B.Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C.Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D.Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. (　)26.What should kids do according to the “Division of Responsibility”? A.Make diet decisions on their own. B.Share their food with other kids. C.Eat up what is provided for them. D.Help their parents do the dishes. (　)27.What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A.Costly. B.Complex. C.Workable. D.Contradictory. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章探讨了父母在孩子饮食中的角色,提到了“责任分工”理论,建议父母提供健康食物并让孩子自行选择,同时强调避免过度讨论食物而带来的负面影响。 24.B　推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知,作者童年时常听到“不能吃某些食物,不然会变胖”的警告,这让她很困扰。因此,她对女儿使用了截然不同的喂养方式,鼓励女儿吃健康的零食,少吃甜点,以避免给女儿造成困扰。故B选项“她对(父母)喂养她的方式持批评态度。”正确。应选B项。 25.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中Charlotte Markey教授的观点“There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I􀆳m not convinced that food is one of them…”可知,Markey认为对于食物这个话题,父母不应过多讨论,否则会让孩子产生不必要的担忧和不安。因此,C选项“向孩子解释吃零食的风险。”正是她所不赞成的做法。应选C项。 26.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中对“Division of Responsibility”理论的描述可知,Markey教授建议父母为孩子提供健康食品,让孩子自己决定吃什么以及吃多少。故A选项“让孩子自己做出饮食决策。”是正确的。应选A项。 27.C　推理判断题。文章最后一段“I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions.”表明,当作者减少对孩子饮食的限制时,孩子们确实做出了更好的饮食选择。由此可推测,因为这些策略产生了积极效果,所以作者认为它们是可行的。故C选项“可行的。”正确。应选C项。 【长难句分析】 【原句】Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. 【译文】相反，她建议应用营养专家中一个众所周知的概念，称为“责任分工”，父母在固定的时间给孩子提供各种主要健康的食物，而孩子自己决定他们想要吃什么和吃多少——即使这意味着偶尔吃更多的饼干而不是胡萝卜。 【分析】这个句子是一个复合句，包含主句和多个从句。以下是详细的结构分析： 主句："Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the 'Division of Responsibility'..."；非限制性定语从句"where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times..."，关系副词：where（修饰 Division of Responsibility，相当于 in which）；并列句"and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume..."；宾语从句：what and how much they want to consume；让步状语从句"even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots." 重难·创新演练 设题创新: 虚假评价(T1) 激发学生内在热情(T2); 写作动力的来源(T3);重视城市宜居性(T4)；水中微塑料污染(T5) 一、所给词的适当形式填空 1．（2025·全国II卷）If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don't beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn't make it. ▍ 主干提取 If you're among the groups of people …, don't beat yourself up if one doesn't make it.（若你属于此类人，别因某株没养活而自责） ▍ 结构拆解 ▸ 全句含两个 if 引导的【条件状语从句】，分别置于句首和句末。 ▸ who are enjoying … 为【定语从句】，修饰 the groups of people，who 作主语。 ▸ of surrounding yourself with plants 为介词 + 【动名词短语】，作 benefits 的后置定语。 ▸ 主句 don't beat yourself up 为否定【祈使句】，提出建议。 参考翻译 如果你正属于那类因亲近植物而获得心理和身体健康益处的人，那就算有一株（或几株）植物未能存活，也请勿苛责自己。 2．（2025·全国II卷）Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase "there are children starving in Africa" was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. 主干提取 Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa …（那种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历） ▍ 结构拆解 ▸ 主句 that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa，from 后接【动名词短语】作宾语。 ▸ where 引导【非限制性定语从句】，修饰先行词 South Africa，where 在从句中作地点状语。 ▸ more of A than B 为【比较结构】，表示“与其说是 B，不如说是 A”。 ▸ 引号中的 the phrase … 为从句主语，整体作类比说明。 参考翻译 也许那种感觉源于我在南非的成长经历，在那里，“非洲还有孩子正在挨饿”这句话，与其说是一句饭前祈祷，不如说是一种令人不安的事实提醒。 3．（2025·全国II卷）Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 主干提取 it serves as a reminder that …, and that …（它提醒我们：方法多样，且万物皆可成佳肴） ▍ 结构拆解 ▸ 主句 it serves as a reminder，serve as 意为“起……作用、充当”。 ▸ 两个 that 引导并列的【同位语从句】，共同解释说明 reminder 的具体内容。 ▸ to address problems of sustainability 为【动词不定式短语】作后置定语，修饰 ways。 ▸ make … out of … 表示“用……做出……”，构成第二个同位语从句的核心。 参考翻译 尽管如此，它亦在提醒我们：有很多方法可以应对可持续性问题，而且纵是平凡万物亦可做出一顿美味的饭菜。 4．（2025·全国II卷）Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance to discover one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet "sunshine scent" after sunning clothes for an entire day. 主干提取 my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines …, denying me the chance …（家人邻里从不晾衣，让我错失了发现阳光妙处的机会） ▍ 结构拆解 ▸ Growing up 为【现在分词短语作时间状语】，相当于 When I was growing up。 ▸ denying me the chance … 为【现在分词短语作结果状语】，表自然而然的结果。 ▸ to discover … 为【动词不定式作后置定语】，修饰 chance。 ▸ 破折号后的 the sweet "sunshine scent" … 为 wonders 的【同位语】，具体说明其内容。 参考翻译 在我成长的过程中，我的家人和邻居从不用晾衣绳晾衣服，导致我没机会发现阳光的一大妙处——衣服晒一整天后那种好闻的“太阳味道”。 5. （2025 年 1 月 · 浙江卷）Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection. 主干提取 ILL provides teachers, students and staff with access to books …, as well as digitized copies …（馆际互借为师生职工提供借书及数字副本的途径） ▍ 结构拆解 ▸ 主句为 ILL provides … with access to books，用 provide sb. with sth. 句型。 ▸ that are checked out or not owned … 为【定语从句】，修饰 books，that 作主语。 ▸ as well as 连接【并列成分】，补充 access 所涵盖的另一对象 digitized copies。 ▸ from our collection 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 copies。 参考翻译 图书馆间互借服务（ILL）为教师、学生和职工提供了借阅已被借出或本馆未收藏的书籍的途径，同时也提供了本馆收藏的文章和书籍章节的数字化副本。 6．（2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷）Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. 主干提取 Farber is certain that …, and if the past is any indication, he may be right …（Farber 确信整体疗法将日益流行；若以史为鉴，他或许是对的） ▍ 结构拆解 ▸ and 连接两个并列分句。 ▸ 前一分句中 that 引导【宾语从句】（形容词 certain 后接从句）。 ▸ 后一分句中 if the past is any indication 为【条件状语从句】。 ▸ 冒号后内容为补充说明，用数据佐证 he may be right。 参考翻译 Farber 确信，随着时间的推移，全方位治疗会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的：自 1982 年以来，美国整体兽医医学协会的会员人数已从 30 人增长至 700 多人。 7.（2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷）The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. 主干提取 The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks … to ones that require mental abstraction …（当任务从简单转向需要抽象思维时，纸质阅读的优势尤为凸显） ▍ 结构拆解 ▸ 主句为 The benefits of print reading particularly shine through。 ▸ when 引导【时间状语从句】，含 move from … to … 的并列对比结构。 ▸ like identifying … 与 such as drawing inferences … 为两处举例，分别补充说明 simple tasks 与 ones。 ▸ that require mental abstraction 为【定语从句】，修饰 ones（= tasks）。 参考翻译 当实验人员将布置的任务从简单任务——比如辨认一篇短文的主旨大意——转换到需要抽象思维的任务——比如从文本中推断信息时，印刷文本阅读的优势尤其凸显出来。 8．（2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷）These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? 主干提取 These observations now outnumber the primary data … I wanted to know: Are they usable?（这些观察数据已超过原始数据……我想知道它们是否可靠） ▍ 结构拆解 ▸ and 连接两个分句构成【并列复合句】；前句主干 These observations outnumber the primary data。 ▸ that comes from physical specimens：that 引导【定语从句】修饰 the primary data，说明其来源。 ▸ since we are increasingly using…：since 引导【原因状语从句】；how species are responding to global change 为【宾语从句】作 investigate 的宾语。 参考翻译 现在，这些观察结果的数量超过了来自实物标本的原始数据；而由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：这些观察数据可靠吗？ 9.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. ▍ 主干提取 This makes sense because the people … are often citizen scientists.（这是有道理的，因为获取数据者多为公民科学家） ▍ 结构拆解 ▸ 主干 This makes sense；because 引导【原因状语从句】。 ▸ who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices：who 引导【定语从句】修饰 the people。 ▸ recording their encounters with species in areas nearby：现在分词短语作【后置定语】修饰 citizen scientists。 参考翻译 这是有道理的，因为通过移动设备获取生物多样性观察数据的人，往往是记录自己在附近地区接触到的物种的公民科学家。 10．（2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. ▍ 主干提取 The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design.（"玻璃屋"堪称当代设计的伟大成果） ▍ 结构拆解 ▸ 主干 The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement；to house the plants 为不定式作【目的状语】。 ▸ retracing the steps along the Silk Route：现在分词短语作【后置定语】修饰 path；that brought the plants… 为【定语从句】修饰 the steps。 ▸ to come to define much of the richness…：不定式作【结果状语】，说明植物被带来的最终影响。 ▍ 参考翻译 "玻璃屋"是当代设计的一项伟大成果，用以容纳来自中国西南部的植物。它坐落于一条小径的尽头，这条小径追溯着丝绸之路的足迹——正是沿着这条路，各种植物从它们在亚洲的原生地来到英国，进而塑造了今日英国园艺的丰富多彩。 11.（2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. ▍ 主干提取 the Silk Route Garden … walks visitors through a journey.（丝路花园引领参观者完成一段旅程） ▍ 结构拆解 ▸ 主干 the Silk Route Garden walks visitors through a journey。 ▸ around the greenhouse 作【后置定语】修饰 the Silk Route Garden；influenced by the ancient Silk Road 为过去分词短语作【后置定语】修饰 a journey。 ▸ by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain："介词 + which"引导【非限制性定语从句】补充说明 the ancient Silk Road。 参考翻译 此外，环抱温室的丝路花园会引领参观者完成一段旅程，这段旅程展现着古丝绸之路的影响——丝绸和许多植物物种正是经由这条路首次传入英国的。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·虚假评价】阅读理解。（2026年1月浙江卷） Human beings have always loved reviews: word of mouth has long been regarded as one of the most valuable marketing tools available to a company. Consumers enjoy reading and giving reviews. However, the problem is that a lot of the reviews are fake (假的). Shabnam Azimi and Alexander Krasnikov of Loyola University of Chicago and Kwong Chan of Northeastern University recently published a study on fake reviews. The study used a dataset of 1,600 reviews of Chicago hotels. Some of them were real; others were fake. The reviews were presented to 400 subjects. Each subject got eight reviews to read: a balanced set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order. The reviews were written by real people who were given information about the hotel. The results show that consumers generally trust negative reviews more than positive ones. Moreover, we humans tend to assume that positive reviews might be fake. “Overall, negative reviews are less common. So, we pay more attention to them. When a negative review is fake, we get tricked,” Azimi says. When it came to faking a review, length was important to believability, as was detail. A long, negative review of a hotel, complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants. A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short. Emotion was also important in convincing readers — or the lack of emotion, at least. Azimi says study participants tended not to trust reviews where the writers expressed their feelings in a big way. The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in. The fake reviews written for Azimi’s study were put together by humans, but increasingly, fake reviews are being written by AI, which makes them look more real. Though many companies use algorithms (算法) to weed out fake reviews, Azimi points out that the machines are programmed by humans, and given our limited ability to spot fake reviews, this isn’t a good sign. 28. Which aspect of the study does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. Its design. B. Its findings. C. Its purposes. D. Its significance. 29. What does the underlined word “glowing” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Funny. B. Abusive. C. Insightful. D. Praising. 30. What kind of review would readers most likely trust? A. A long, positive one. B. An unemotional, negative one. C. A short, negative one. D. An enthusiastic, positive one. 31. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Many companies are producing fake reviews. B. Writing fake reviews will be declared illegal. C. Machines can detect fake reviews accurately. D. It will be harder to recognize fake reviews. 【答案】28. A 29. D 30. B 31. D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了关于虚假评价的一项学术研究，揭示了人们更信任差评的认知偏见，并分析了评价长度、细节和其携带的情绪对其可信度的影响，最后指出了AI生成虚假评价带来的新挑战。 28. 段落大意题。根据第二段的内容“The study used a dataset of 1,600 reviews of Chicago hotels... The reviews were presented to 400 subjects. Each subject got eight reviews to read... presented in a random order.”（这项研究使用了芝加哥酒店的 1,600 条评论作为数据集…… 这些评论被展示给 400 名受试者。每位受试者阅读八条评论…… 以随机顺序呈现。）可知，本段详细描述了研究的数据来源、受试者人数、评论的分组比例及呈现方式。这属于研究的设计方案（Design）。故选 A。 29.词义猜测题。根据第四段上下文，“A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short.”（另一方面，冗长的正面评论被认为是可疑的，参与者往往更信任那些保持其 glowing 评论简短的作者。）通过 positive（正面的）和 trust（信任）的语境，以及文中提到的对 “赞美性” 评论的讨论，可以推断出 glowing 在此处表示 “赞扬的、评价极高的”。故选 D。 30. 推理判断题。根据第四段末尾的内容，“The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in.”（负面评论越是冷静、客观（不带感情色彩），就越有可能让读者信以为真。）以及前文提到的 “A long, negative review... tended to convince participants.”（篇幅长且信息丰富的负面评论往往能说服参与者。）可知，读者最容易信任那种不带强烈情感色彩（冷静客观）的负面评论。故选 B。 31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，“...increasingly, fake reviews are being written by AI, which makes them look more real. Though many companies use algorithms to weed out fake reviews, Azimi points out that... given our limited ability to spot fake reviews, this isn't a good sign.”（…… 越来越多的虚假评论正由 AI 编写，这使得它们看起来更加真实。尽管许多公司使用算法来清除虚假评论，但 Azimi 指出…… 考虑到我们识别虚假评论的能力有限，这并不是一个好兆头。）由此可以推断，随着 AI 技术的介入和人类识别能力的局限，未来辨别虚假评论将会变得更加困难。故选 D。 长难句分析 1.Each subject got eight reviews to read: a balanced set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order. 分析：本句中Each subject是主语，got是谓语，eight reviews是宾语，to read是后置定语修饰reviews；冒号后面的内容是对eight reviews进行具体说明，presented in a random order是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面列举的各类评论。 句意：每个受试者要阅读八篇评论：其中包含两篇正面的虚假评论、两篇正面的真实评论、两篇负面的虚假评论和两篇负面的真实评论，这些评论以随机的顺序呈现。 2. The more dispassionate that negative write - up, the more likely it was to take the reader in. 句意：负面评论写得越冷静客观，就越有可能欺骗读者。 分析：本句使用了“the +比较级，the +比较级”的结构。The more dispassionate that negative write - up中省略了系动词is，完整结构应该是the more dispassionate that negative write - up is ；the more likely it was to take the reader in中it是形式主语，真正的主语是to take the reader in。 Passage 2 【新情境·激发学生内在热情】（2026年1月浙江卷） When you’re a teacher, a big part of your job is battling student misconceptions. Often students come to the classroom believing that learning can’t be fun and that what they learn isn’t relevant to the real world — much less to their personal interests. I’ve discovered that if I show students how what they learn is relevant to my hobbies, they’re much more willing to make connections to their personal interests and develop their own hobbies. No matter what subject I’m teaching, I find ways to bring my hobbies into the classroom. For example, I’m a car enthusiast, so when I teach physics, I contextualize concepts with my knowledge about cars. If we’re covering friction, for example, I bring different tires (轮胎) into my classroom so that my students can conduct lab experiments with them to see how friction works in real-life applications. When I first brought my hobbies to my classroom, I was focused on how doing so would build engagement and help my students understand concepts in science. But I quickly learned that the practice also helped me build stronger relationships with them. When I let them see an aspect of my life outside of school, some students who were also interested in cars connected with me more and became more engaged in my courses. Even those who didn’t share that interest with me seemed more engaged once I showed a different side of myself. What started as an experiment is now more of a philosophy. Even when I’m planning classes, I tend to think about how I can bring in my hobbies. I find that doing so energizes my instruction, engages my students, and demonstrates to them how abstract concepts play out in the real world. Best of all, my passion for my hobbies seems to inspire them to be passionate about finding their own. 24. What poses a challenge to teachers according to the author? A. Students’ misunderstandings about teachers. B. Students’ false assumptions about learning. C. The irrelevance of textbooks to students’ life. D. The gap between teachers’ and students’ hobbies. 25. Why does the author bring tires into the classroom? A. To teach an engineering skill. B. To explain the structure of a car. C. To share a real-life experience. D. To illustrate a scientific concept. 26. What was the unexpected outcome of the author’s teaching method? A. A higher class attendance rate. B. Better examination results. C. A closer teacher-student bond. D. More spare time for students. 27. Which of the following best describes the author as a teacher? A. Innovative. B. Humorous. C. Decisive. D. Sympathetic. 【答案】24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过个人教学经验，阐述将个人爱好融入课堂如何有效纠正学生误解、 提升学习参与度并深化师生关系，并升华到教育哲学层面，强调真实生活连接对激发学生内在热情的价值。 24. 细节理解题。从第一段“Often students come to the classroom believing that learning can't be fun and that what they learn isn't relevant to the real world — much less to their personal interests.”（学生们经常带着这样一种观念来到教室：学习不可能是有趣的，而且他们所学的东西与现实世界无关，更不用说与他们的个人兴趣有关了。）可知，学生对学习持有错误的假设（不认为学习是有趣的或相关的），这给教师带来了挑战。故选 B。 25. 细节理解题。从第二段“...so when I teach physics, I contextualize concepts with my knowledge about cars. If we’re covering friction, for example, I bring different tires (轮胎) into my classroom so that my students can conduct lab experiments with them to see how friction works in real-life applications.”（…… 所以当我教授物理时，我会利用我关于汽车的知识将概念情境化。例如，如果我们正在学习摩擦力，我会把不同的轮胎带到教室里，这样我的学生就可以用它们进行实验，看看摩擦力在现实生活中的应用。）可知，作者带轮胎进教室是为了通过实验来阐释 “摩擦力” 这一科学概念。故选 D。 26. 细节理解题。从第三段 “When I first brought my hobbies to my classroom, I was focused on how doing so would build engagement... But I quickly learned that the practice also helped me build stronger relationships with them.”（当我第一次把我的爱好带进教室时，我关注的是这样做如何能提高参与度…… 但我很快了解到，这种做法还帮助我与学生建立了更牢固的关系。）可知，除了提高参与度外，意外的收获是增强了师生之间的纽带。故选 C。 27. 推理判断题。通过全文可知，作者不拘泥于传统的教学方式，而是将自己的个人爱好（如汽车）与物理教学相结合，通过带轮胎进教室实验等新颖的方式激发学生的兴趣，并建立师生关系。最后一段提到 “What started as an experiment is now more of a philosophy... I find that doing so energizes my instruction...”（起初的一次实验现在更多地成为了一种哲学…… 我发现这样做为我的教学注入了活力……）。这种勇于尝试新方法、将抽象概念具体化的教学风格体现了作者是一位具有创新精神的教师。故选 A。 【长难句分析】 1.Often students come to the classroom believing that learning can’t be fun and that what they learn isn’t relevant to the real world — much less to their personal interests. 句意：通常，学生们来到教室时认为学习不可能有趣，而且他们所学的内容与现实世界无关——更不用说与他们的个人兴趣相关了。 分析：本句中，students是主语，come to the classroom是谓语和宾语，believing...是现在分词短语作伴随状语。在这个伴随状语中，包含两个由and连接的宾语从句，即that learning can’t be fun和that what they learn isn’t relevant to the real world，其中第二个宾语从句中what they learn是主语从句作从句的主语。 2.I’ve discovered that if I show students how what they learn is relevant to my hobbies, they’re much more willing to make connections to their personal interests and develop their own hobbies. 句意：我发现，如果我向学生展示他们所学的内容与我的爱好有什么关联，他们就更愿意将所学与个人兴趣联系起来，并培养自己的爱好。 分析：本句中，I是主语，have discovered是谓语，that...引导宾语从句。在这个宾语从句中，if I show students how what they learn is relevant to my hobbies是条件状语从句，其中how what they learn is relevant to my hobbies是宾语从句作show的直接宾语，what they learn是主语从句作这个宾语从句的主语；they’re much more willing to make connections to their personal interests and develop their own hobbies是宾语从句的主句。 Passage 3 【新情境·写作动力的来源】[2025·全国一卷] In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question:“Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis(论点)statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change. As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. (　)24.Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of Paragraph 1? A.Ninth graders. B.Students’ parents. C.Modern writers. D.Fictional characters. (　)25.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A.They were not given enough time. B.They had a very limited vocabulary. C.They misunderstood the question. D.They had little interest in the topic. (　)26.What does the underlined word “staggering” in Paragraph 3 mean? A.Mixed. B.Amazing. C.Similar. D.Disturbing. (　)27.What does the author’s experience show? A.Teaching is learning. B.Still waters run deep. C.Knowledge is power. D.Practice makes perfect. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师,通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源及写作的真正意义。 24.D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.”(去年,在我九年级的写作课上,我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲,还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——她在父母拒绝其年少挚爱后心碎而逝。不止一次,我暗自琢磨,这些塑造了这些人物的学生,究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的。)可知,这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。 25.D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important.”(大多数文章篇幅不足一页,几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容,但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要。)可推知,学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳,是因为他们对这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。 26.B　词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中画线词下文“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.”可推知,此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事,与之前的表现形成强烈对比。画线词staggering意为“令人惊叹的,惊人的”,与amazing (惊人的)语义一致。故选B。 27.A　推理判断题。通读全文,再根据文章最后一段中“I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.”(我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而,学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月最后一节课的下课铃响起时,我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义:它能连接人与人,让我们换位思考,教会我们身为人类的真谛。)可知,文章通过作者的教学经历,说明其在教导学生的同时,自己也领悟到写作的真正意义,这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning.”(教学相长。)符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得了新认识。故选A。 【长难句分析】 1.原句：In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. 译文：去年在我九年级的写作课上，我 “遇见” 了拯救小镇的牛仔、要求儿子门门功课得 A 的严厉父亲，以及父母拒绝其初恋后心碎而逝的现代版朱丽叶。 分析：主句：I met a cowboy, a strict father, and a modern-day Juliet.（主谓宾结构，宾语为三个并列的人物形象）；介词短语作状语：In my ninth-grade writing class last year（时间和地点）。 定语从句（who 引导）：分别修饰三个宾语，如 who saved his town 修饰 cowboy，who demanded his son earn straight A’s 修饰 father，who died of heartbreak... 修饰 Juliet。 时间状语从句：after her parents rejected the love of her young life（位于最后一个定语从句中，说明 Juliet 心碎的原因）。 2.原句：More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well. 译文：不止一次，我发现自己很想知道，我的学生们，这些角色的创造者，是如何如此了解他们的写作对象的。 分析: 主句: ... I found myself wondering ...；wondering 的宾语从句: how my students ... knew their subjects so well (how 引导)；主语: my students非限制性定语从句: who'd created these people (who 作主语，修饰 students) 3.原句：For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre and that it contain a thesis. 译文：对于接下来的两项作业，一项是个人叙事单元，随后是创意写作工作坊，我只要求作品符合其体裁规范并且包含一个论点。 分析: 主句: ... I only required that ... and that ...； 同位语: a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop (解释说明 the next two assignments)；`followed by a creative-writing workshop` (过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 unit) 宾语从句1: that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (that 引导，动词原形 meet 表示虚拟语气)； 宾语从句2: that it contain a thesis (that 引导，动词原形 contain 表示虚拟语气) 4.原句：When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 译文：当六月的下课铃响起时，我带走了一本纪念册，里面满是关于写作最强大意义的留言 —— 即连接人与人的能力、让我们换位思考的能力，以及教会我们 “生而为人” 意义的能力。 分析： 主句：I walked away with a yearbook.（主谓宾结构，with 短语作伴随状语）。 修饰成分： 时间状语从句：When the final bell rang in June（说明主句动作发生的时间）。 形容词短语作定语：full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance（修饰 yearbook）。 破折号解释说明：the ability...to be human 是对 significance 的具体解释，包含三个并列的不定式短语（to connect.../to put.../to teach...）。 宾语从句：what it means to be human（作 teach 的宾语，说明 “教会” 的内容）。 Passage 4 【新情境·重视城市宜居性】[2025·全国一卷] While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人)mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. (　)28.What phenomenon does the author point out in Paragraph 1? A.Cars often get stuck on the road. B.Traffic accidents occur frequently. C.People walk less and drive more. D.Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. (　)29.What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A.Keep their cities livable. B.Promote cultural diversity. C.Help the needy families. D.Make expressways accessible. (　)30.What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A.They boosted the sales of cars. B.They turned out largely ineffective. C.They won government support. D.They advocated building new parks. (　)31.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Why the rush? B.What’s next? C.Where to stay? D.Who to blame? 【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计道路导致行人减少,尤其是儿童步行减少的现象,并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁人们反思街道的功能,重视城市宜居性。 28.C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.” (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性,但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降,尤其是年幼的儿童。许多家长说,路上的交通太拥挤,他们的孩子无法安全步行上学,所以他们把孩子塞进车里。)可知,作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。 29.A　推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion ‘New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.’” (最著名的是,一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿,她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的活动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时,Jane Jacobs呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方,而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道。”)可推知,加拿大记者和其他活动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。 30.B　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.”(尽管这些活动很普遍,但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加。)可推知,20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的活动未能阻止汽车发展,基本上没有效果。故选B。 31.A　主旨大意题。通读全文,并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities?”(我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金,但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地行动时,社会将会付出什么代价吗?)可推知,本文批判城市过度追求交通效率而忽视行人需求的现象,A项“Why the rush?” (为何匆匆?)质问rush through (匆匆通行)的规划理念,契合主旨,最适合作为本文标题。故选A。 【长难句分析】 1.原句：While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. 译文：尽管近年来街道的安全状况可能已有所改善，但交通研究表明，行人的流动性仍在下降，尤其是在幼儿群体中。 句子结构分析： 主句：transport studies also show declines in pedestrian mobility.（主谓宾结构，宾语为 “declines in pedestrian mobility”） 修饰成分： 让步状语从句：While safety improvements might have been made...（由 while 引导，说明 “安全改善” 与 “流动性下降” 的转折关系）。 介词短语作状语：in recent years（修饰从句中的谓语 “have been made”）。 介词短语作定语：in pedestrian mobility（修饰 “declines”）。 副词短语作状语：especially among young children（补充说明 “declines” 的具体群体）。 2.原句：In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. 译文：在他们的新书《出行之道：如何夺回我们的街道并改变我们的生活》中，作者呼吁重新审视街道及其在我们生活中扮演的角色。 句子结构分析： 本句主干是they call for a rethink；of our streets and the role they play in our lives是介词短语作后置定语修饰rethink，其中they play in our lives是省略that / which的定语从句，修饰role。 3.原句：Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. 译文：最著名的是，一位在 20 世纪 50 年代初举家搬到曼哈顿的加拿大记者发起了一场运动，旨在阻止当地公园被破坏。 句子结构分析： 主句：a Canadian journalist led a campaign.（主谓宾结构） 修饰成分： 副词作状语：Most famously（修饰整个句子，表程度）。 定语从句：who had moved her family to Manhattan...（由 who 引导，修饰 “journalist”，时态为过去完成时，说明搬家动作先于 “led a campaign”）。 介词短语作定语：in the early 1950s（修饰从句中的谓语 “had moved”）。 不定式短语作目的状语：to stop the destruction of her local park（说明 “campaign” 的目的）。 4.原句：Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. 译文：尽管这些运动广泛开展，但现实是，大多数西方城市已完全围绕机动车的需求重新设计。 句子结构分析： 主句：the reality is that...（主系表结构，表语为 that 引导的从句）。 修饰成分： 让步状语从句：Although these campaigns were widespread（由 although 引导，与主句形成转折）。 表语从句：that the majority of the western cities...（说明 “reality” 的具体内容），其中： 主语：the majority of the western cities 谓语：were completely redesigned（被动语态） 介词短语作状语：around the needs of the motor car（说明 “redesigned” 的依据）。 5. 原句： Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. 译文：许多家长说路上车辆太多，孩子们无法安全步行上学，所以他们改为开车接送孩子。 结构分析: 主句1: Many parents say ... 主语: Many parents 谓语: say 宾语从句: there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school (省略 that 的宾语从句) 宾语从句结构: there (形式主语) + is (系动词) + too much traffic (表语) + on the roads (地点状语) + for their children to walk safely to school (不定式的复合结构作结果状语，for children 是 to walk 的逻辑主语) 主句2: so they pack them into the car instead (so 引导的结果状语从句) 6. 原句： Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion "New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through." 译文：简·雅各布斯（Jane Jacobs）对她所在公园将被一条高速公路取代的计划感到震惊，她呼吁市长支持“纽约应该是一个宜居的好地方，而不仅仅是匆匆穿行之地”。 句子结构分析: 主句: ... Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion ... 主语: Jane Jacobs 谓语: called on 宾语: her mayor 宾语补足语: to champion "New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through." (不定式短语) "New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through."` (直接引语作 champion 的宾语) 状语: Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway (现在分词短语作伴随状语) at its proposed replacement with an expressway` (介词短语作后置定语修饰 alarm) Passage 5 【新情境·水中微塑料污染】[2025·全国一卷] Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” (　)32.How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A.By quoting an expert. B.By defining a concept. C.By giving examples. D.By providing statistics. (　)33.What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A.The hardness of water. B.The length of cooling time. C.The frequency of filtering. D.The type of plastic in water. (　)34.What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in Paragraph 4? A.The importance of plastic recycling. B.The severity of the microplastic problem. C.The danger in overusing pure water. D.The difficulty in treating polluted water. (　)35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay􀆳s suggestion about? A.Choice of new research methods. B.Possible direction for further study. C.Need to involve more researchers. D.Potential application of the findings. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球,甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现,将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质,但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出,该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性,并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 32.C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.”(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在深海和喜马拉雅山上,嵌入火山岩中,填满海鸟的胃,甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现在人类体内。)可推知,作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 33.A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.”(至关重要的是,这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中,将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后,塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中,煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量。)可知,决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。 34.B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.”(尽管如此,研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候,科学家们发现,即使是瓶装水,其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)可推断,作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 35.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“‘The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,’ Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. ‘We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.’” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究,他告诉《新科学家》杂志:“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂,以便它们能去除微塑料。”)可推知,Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用的,即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 【长难句分析】 1.原句：Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. 译文：微塑料已成为全球常见的污染源 —— 它们沉降在深海和喜马拉雅山脉，嵌入火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新鲜积雪中。 句子结构分析： 主句：Microplastics have become a common source of pollution.（主谓宾结构，across the Earth 作地点状语）。 破折号解释部分：由四个并列的谓语结构组成，说明微塑料的分布位置：they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas；(they have) stuck inside volcanic rocks；(they have) filled the stomachs of seabirds (they have) even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow 2.原句：In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. 译文：在周三发表于《环境科学与技术快报》的一项研究中，中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟 —— 冷却后过滤 —— 至少可去除其中 80% 的微塑料。 句子结构分析： 主句：researchers from China found that...（主谓宾结构，that 引导宾语从句）。 修饰成分： 介词短语作状语：In a study published...（表地点和时间，published Wednesday 为过去分词作定语修饰 study）。 宾语从句核心结构：boiling tap water...could remove...microplastics（动名词短语作主语，破折号间的内容为插入语，after it cools 为时间状语从句）。 3.原句：Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. 译文：尽管如此，这些发现为减少微塑料暴露指明了一条潜在路径 —— 一项正变得日益困难的任务。 句子结构分析： 主句：the findings show a potential path.（主谓宾结构，forward 为后置定语修饰 path）。 修饰成分： 介词短语作状语：for reducing microplastic exposure（表目的）。 破折号解释部分：a task 为 path 的同位语，that’s becoming increasingly difficult 为定语从句修饰 task。 4.原句：“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. 译文：“他们展示微塑料如何通过煮沸过程被截留的方式很出色，” 未参与该研究的苏格兰格拉斯哥大学环境工程师卡罗琳・高绍特 - 林赛告诉《新科学家》。 句子结构分析： 直接引语里，“The way”（方式）是主语，“they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process” 为定语从句修饰 “way” ，其中 “how...” 是宾语从句，且 “were trapped” 为被动语态 ；主句中 “Caroline GauchotteLindsay” 是主语，“an environmental engineer...who was not involved in the research” 是同位语，“who” 引导定语从句修饰 “engineer” ，“tells” 为谓语，“New Scientist” 是宾语。 5. 原句：Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap: boiling and filtering it. 译文：现在，新的研究表明，一种简单、廉价的方法可以显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量：将其煮沸并过滤。 句子结构分析: 主句: ... new research suggests that ... 主语: new research 谓语: suggests 宾语从句: that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (that 引导) 主语: a simple, cheap measure 谓语: may reduce 宾语: the level of microplastics 定语: in water from your tap (介词短语修饰 level of microplastics) 同位语: boiling and filtering it (解释说明 measure) 6. 原句： Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics. 译文：关键在于，这个过程依赖于水中含有足够的碳酸钙来捕获塑料微粒。 句子结构分析: 主句: ... this process relies on the water ... 状语: Crucially 主语: this process 谓语: relies on 宾语: the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics (动名词复合结构 the water containing ... 作宾语) `containing enough calcium carbonate` (现在分词短语作后置定语修饰 water) `to trap the plastics` (不定式短语作目的状语，修饰 containing) ‘真题·实战演练 高频考点：长难句的特点，简单句中的长难句，并列句中的长难句，复合句中长难句，混合型长难句，处理长难句的方法 1. （2026·全国I卷）Before heading home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly cheaper than those found in supermarkets. 分析：这是一个包含时间状语、方式状语、后置定语和比较状语省略的简单句。句子主干为“they fill their shopping bags”。句首“Before heading home”是介词短语作时间状语。动名词短语“heading home”作介词“Before”的宾语。“fill sth with sth”为固定搭配，意为“把……装满……”。句末的“at prices significantly cheaper than those found in supermarkets”是介词短语作伴随状语，补充说明购买的伴随状态。该状语中，“significantly cheaper than those found in supermarkets”是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰“prices”；“than those found in supermarkets”是比较状语从句的省略形式（补全为“than the prices that are found in supermarkets”），其中“those”指代“prices”，“found in supermarkets”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“those”。 句意：回家前，他们会从当地农户那里买些新鲜果蔬，把购物袋装得满满的，价格比超市便宜不少。 2.（2026·全国I卷） If you’re willing to drive a little further, the Ritz-Carlton Los Angeles promises luxurious rooms and extensive leisure facilities — perfect for turning a game day into a great weekend escape. 分析：这是一个包含条件状语从句和补充说明成分的复合句。句子主干为“the Ritz-Carlton Los Angeles promises luxurious rooms and extensive leisure facilities”。句首“If you’re willing to drive a little further”是由if引导的条件状语从句，表示假设。破折号后的“perfect for turning a game day into a great weekend escape”是形容词短语，对主句中的“luxurious rooms and extensive leisure facilities”起补充说明作用，生动地表达这些设施能够带来的理想效果——将观赛日变成一次美好的周末度假。 句意：如果不介意多开一段路，洛杉矶丽思卡尔顿酒店能提供奢华客房与完善的休闲设施，让观赛日变身惬意的周末之旅。 3.（2026·全国I卷）SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone, and guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass. 分析：这是一个由and连接的并列句。第一个分句的主干为“SoFi Stadium requires you to park”，其中“to park strictly in your assigned zone”是不定式短语作宾语补足语。第二个分句的主干为“guests must enter through the exact gate”，其中“indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰gate。 翻译：车辆必须停在指定区域，访客务必从彩色电子停车券标注的入口入场。 4.（2026·全国I卷）They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. 分析：这是一个并列多项谓语的简单句。句子主干为“They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb ..., remove ..., and provide wildlife habitat ...”，主语是“They”，后接由逗号和“and”连接的五个并列谓语。第一个谓语“provide shade”为动宾结构；第二个谓语“lower surface temperatures”为动宾结构；第三个谓语“absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon”中“a surprising amount of airborne carbon”是宾语；第四个谓语“remove tiny pollutants”为动宾结构；第五个谓语“provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty”中，“along with just plain beauty”是介词短语作补充状语，说明在提供野生动物栖息地的同时，还带来了纯粹的美感。 翻译：它们提供树荫、降低地表温度、吸收大量空气中的碳、清除微小污染物，并为野生动物提供栖息地，同时还具有美感。 5.（2026·全国I卷） Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. 分析：这是一个包含状语、后置定语、不定式短语和同位语的简单句。句子主干为“isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides”。“Harmless by itself”是形容词短语作让步状语，意为“尽管异戊二烯本身无害”。“released by vehicles, buildings and industry”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“polluting nitrogen oxides”。“to form ground-level ozone”是不定式短语作结果状语，表示相互作用后产生的结果。破折号后的“a major factor in many breathing problems”是名词短语作同位语，对“ground-level ozone”进行补充说明。 翻译：异戊二烯本身无害，但它会迅速与车辆、建筑和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物反应，形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的一个主要因素。 6.（2026·全国II卷） This nice Cantonese restaurant in Columbia Heights quickly became a destination for chef Henji Cheung's Hong Kong-style cooking and co-owner Sarah Thompson's natural wine list that earned her a Michelin nod. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个复合句。主句主干是“This nice Cantonese restaurant...quickly became a destination”。介词短语“for chef Henji Cheung's Hong Kong-style cooking and co-owner Sarah Thompson's natural wine list”作后置定语，修饰“destination”。其中“that earned her a Michelin nod”是定语从句，修饰先行词“natural wine list”。 【译文】 这家位于哥伦比亚高地的高档粤菜餐厅很快成为人们品尝张主厨港式料理和共同所有人莎拉·汤普森的自然酒单的目的地，后者为她赢得了米其林的青睐。 7.（2026·全国II卷） On their first trip out, they were greeted with such enthusiasm from the 10 families who'd already established homes there that they decided to join. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个复合句。主句是“they were greeted with such enthusiasm from the 10 families”。其中“who'd already established homes there”是定语从句，修饰先行词“families”。“such...that...”引导结果状语从句“that they decided to join”。 【译文】 在他们第一次去的时候，已经在那里安家的10户人家给予了他们如此热情的欢迎，以至于他们决定加入。 8.（2026·全国II卷） Reisley said he's tried his best to be a good steward not just of the Wright creation he lives in, but all others as well. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个复合句。主句是“Reisley said”，其后是省略了引导词“that”的宾语从句。宾语从句的主干是“he's tried his best to be a good steward”。“not just of the Wright creation...but all others as well”是并列的介词短语作后置定语，修饰“steward”。其中“he lives in”是省略了关系代词“that/which”的定语从句，修饰“the Wright creation”。 【译文】 雷斯利说他已尽最大努力做好一名管家，不仅对他居住的赖特作品，对所有其他赖特建筑也是如此。 9.（2026·全国II卷） But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个复合句。冒号前的“elevation is necessarily relative”是主句。冒号后的内容是对前文的解释说明，其中“only the choice of a reference point”是主语，“allows”是谓语，“us”是间接宾语，“to express numerically the height of an object or a location”是不定式短语作直接宾语补足语。 【译文】 但海拔必然是相对的：只有选择一个参照点，我们才能用数字来表达一个物体或地点的海拔高度。 10.（2026·全国II卷） The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed — we mention it without even considering what it means. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个并列句。破折号前的部分是主句，主干是“The idea...has...been around...”，其中“of sea level as a reference point for elevations”是介词短语作后置定语，修饰“idea”；“so long as to go essentially unnoticed”是“so...as to...”结构，表示结果。破折号后的部分是对前文的进一步说明，其中“what it means”是“considering”的宾语从句。 【译文】 将海平面作为海拔参照点的想法至今已存在如此之久，以至于基本上被人们忽视——我们提到它时甚至不考虑它意味着什么。 11.（2026·全国II卷） Resting on a pass near the Pradidalihut, we began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个简单句。主干是“we began discussing the readings”。“Resting on a pass near the Pradidalihut”是现在分词短语作伴随状语。“offered by our altimeters”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“readings”。 【译文】 在Pradidalihut附近的一个山口休息时，我们开始讨论测高仪给出的读数。 12.（2026·全国II卷） Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个复合句。主句“Little do they know”使用了倒装结构(否定词“Little”置于句首引起部分倒装) 。其后是“that”引导的宾语从句。在该宾语从句中，“as they do so”是时间状语从句，主句是“a burst of energy is sent up to street level”，“to help charge an electric car”是不定式短语作目的状语。 【译文】 他们几乎不知道，当他们这样做时，一股能量被传送到地面层，用于帮助给电动汽车充电。 13.（2026·全国II卷）They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个复合句。主句主干是“They consist of an electric motor”。“which collects energy”是定语从句，修饰先行词“motor”。“used in the braking action”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“energy”。“that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes”是定语从句，修饰先行词“energy”。 【译文】 它们由一个电动马达组成，该马达收集制动过程中产生的能量，这些能量若使用传统刹车则会以热量的形式损失掉。 14.（2026·全国II卷）If only the effort they put into avoiding responsibility could be redirected into, well, actual responsibility. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个复合句。“If only”引导虚拟条件句，表示愿望。在该从句中，主语是“the effort”，“they put into avoiding responsibility”是省略了关系代词“that/which”的定语从句，修饰先行词“effort”。“could be redirected into...actual responsibility”是谓语部分，其中“well”是插入语。 【译文】 要是他们把逃避责任付出的努力能转向实际的责任就好了。 15.（2026·全国II卷）If your child sees you enjoying your work and taking pride in a job well done, they're far more likely to do the same. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个复合句。“If”引导条件状语从句，其中“enjoying your work”和“taking pride in a job well done”是两个并列的现在分词短语作宾语补足语，补充说明“you”。“a job well done”中“well done”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“job”。主句是“they're far more likely to do the same”。 【译文】 如果你的孩子看到你享受工作并以出色完成工作为荣，他们就更有可能也这样做。 16.（2026·全国II卷）I didn't come from a family connected to the literary world, which I perceived as a major problem. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个复合句。主句是“I didn't come from a family”。“connected to the literary world”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“family”。“which I perceived as a major problem”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the literary world”。 【译文】 我并非来自与文学界有联系的家庭，我认为这是一个大问题。 17.（2026·全国II卷） I explained that when I was his age, I actually wanted to be a writer, but I didn't think I quite had what it took. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个复合句。主句是“I explained”。“that”引导宾语从句。在该宾语从句中，包含两个由“but”连接的并列分句。第一个分句是“when I was his age, I actually wanted to be a writer”，其中“when I was his age”是时间状语从句。第二个分句是“I didn't think I quite had what it took”，其中“I quite had what it took”是省略了“that”的宾语从句，而“what it took”是该宾语从句中的宾语从句。 【译文】 我解释说，当我像他这么大时，我其实想成为一名作家，但我认为自己不具备所需的才能。 18.（2026·全国II卷） Who was I to lecture them on bravery and risk when I had never taken myself nor my own desires seriously? 【句子结构分析】 这是一个复合句。主句是“Who was I to lecture them on bravery and risk”，其中“to lecture them on bravery and risk”是不定式短语作后置定语，修饰“I”。“when I had never taken myself nor my own desires seriously”是时间状语从句。 【译文】 我自己都从未认真对待过自己和我自己的渴望，又有什么资格给他们讲勇敢和冒险呢？ 19.（2026·全国II卷）I knew I needed nothing else to succeed but a bit of self-belief and hard work. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个复合句。主句是“I knew”，其后是省略了引导词“that”的宾语从句。该宾语从句的主干是“I needed nothing else...but a bit of self-belief and hard work”，其中“to succeed”是不定式短语作目的状语，“nothing...but...”意为“除了……之外什么也不”。 【译文】 我知道我成功只需要一点自信和努力工作。 20.（2026·全国II卷） I would feel completely at ease doing my homework in bed, with light music on. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个简单句。主干是“I would feel completely at ease”。“doing my homework in bed”是现在分词短语作伴随状语。“with light music on”是“with + 名词 + 副词”构成的独立主格结构，作伴随状语。 【译文】 我会在床上做作业，放着轻音乐，感觉完全自在。 21.（2026·全国II卷） I found comfort in keeping myself awake when everyone else had gone to bed, and I loved the silence of the night. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个由“and”连接的并列复合句。第一个分句主干是“I found comfort in keeping myself awake”，其中“when everyone else had gone to bed”是时间状语从句。第二个分句是“I loved the silence of the night”。 【译文】 当其他人都上床睡觉时，我让自己保持清醒，从中找到安慰，我喜欢夜晚的寂静。 22.（2026·全国II卷）Hardly had I written half a page when I felt a sharp pain in my chest. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个复合句。主句“Hardly had I written half a page”使用了倒装结构(否定词“Hardly”置于句首引起部分倒装) 。“when I felt a sharp pain in my chest”是时间状语从句。“Hardly...when...”意为“刚……就……”。 【译文】 我刚写了半页纸，就感到胸口一阵剧痛。 23.（2026·全国II卷） I realized that years of living as a late-night person had turned my heart into an overworked engine. 【句子结构分析】 这是一个复合句。主句是“I realized”。“that”引导宾语从句。该宾语从句的主语是“years of living as a late-night person”，谓语是“had turned”，宾语是“my heart”，介词短语“into an overworked engine”是宾语补足语。 【译文】 我意识到多年作为夜猫子的生活已经把我的心变成了一个过度运转的引擎。 6 / 24网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题27 长难句分析 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：长难句的特点，简单句中的长难句，并列句中的长难句，复合句中长难句，混合型长难句，处理长难句的方法 一、单句语法填空 考向01 考查简单句中的长难句 1.（2026·全国II卷）Teaching kids work ethic is to gently and consistently push them toward responsibility, determination, and pride in their efforts. 2.（2026·全国II卷）I still loved the night and would stay up until unruly hours for no apparent reason, chatting online and watching videos. 3.（2026·全国II卷）Back in 1951, Reisley was just 26, newly married and ready to put down roots. 考向02 考查并列句中的长难句 1.（2026·全国II卷）The D.C. area is home to many outstanding Chinese restaurants, but diners willing to travel outside the city limits will also be rewarded. 2.（2026·全国II卷）There were times when I found myself wondering if I should pack it all in, but the boy's words kept ringing in my ears. 3.（2026·全国II卷）Roland Reisley turned 101 years old in May and is in remarkable health, but that's not the thing he prides himself on. 考向03考查复合句中长难句 1.（2026·全国II卷）Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993. 2.（2026·全国II卷）Sixteen stations of Barcelona's subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains' brakes is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. 3.（2026·全国II卷）Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. 考向04考查混合型长难句 1.（2026年1月浙江卷D）In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. 2. （2026年1月浙江卷D）What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. 二、语篇语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。[2025·浙江1月考] ‘A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War Ⅱ in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavours to the planting mixes while playing with colour and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. (　)28.What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A.Running out of. B.Keeping away from. C.Putting up with. D.Taking advantage of. (　)29.Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A.To control weeds in large gardens. B.To bring in foreign species of plants. C.To conserve soil and water resources. D.To develop low-maintenance parkland. (　)30.Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A.Traditional. B.Odd-looking. C.Tasteful. D.Well-protected. (　)31.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A.The future of gardening is wild B.Nature treats all lives as equals C.Matrix gardens need more care D.Old garden plots work wonders Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。[2025·浙江1月考] 　　As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behaviour. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics. In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu”. It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices. While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. Martin􀆳s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it—they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she”. Martin sees a silver lining, however: she believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes”. When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles—a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. (　)32.What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless? A.To reduce stereotypes. B.To meet public demand. C.To cut production costs. D.To encourage competition. (　)33.What were the participants probably asked to do in the study? A.Design a product. B.Respond to a survey. C.Work as assistants. D.Take a language test. (　)34.Why is it difficult to create genderless objects? A.They cannot be mass-produced. B.Naming them is a challenging task. C.People assume they are unreliable. D.Gender is rooted in people’s mind. (　)35.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A.The quality of genderless products. B.The upside of gendering a product. C.The meaning of anthropomorphism. D.The stereotypes of men and women. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 [2025·浙江1月考] 　　When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food—something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume—even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” (　)24.What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A.She is upset by her kids’ weight. B.She is critical of the way she was fed. C.She is interested in making food. D.She is particular about what she eats. (　)25.Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A.Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B.Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C.Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D.Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. (　)26.What should kids do according to the “Division of Responsibility”? A.Make diet decisions on their own. B.Share their food with other kids. C.Eat up what is provided for them. D.Help their parents do the dishes. (　)27.What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A.Costly. B.Complex. C.Workable. D.Contradictory. 重难·创新演练 设题创新: 虚假评价(T1) 激发学生内在热情(T2); 写作动力的来源(T3);重视城市宜居性(T4)；水中微塑料污染(T5) 一、所给词的适当形式填空 1．（2025·全国II卷）If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don't beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn't make it. 2．（2025·全国II卷）Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase "there are children starving in Africa" was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. 3．（2025·全国II卷）Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 4．（2025·全国II卷）Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance to discover one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet "sunshine scent" after sunning clothes for an entire day. 5. （2025 年 1 月 · 浙江卷）Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection. 6．（2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷）Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. 7.（2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷）The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. 8．（2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷）These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? 9.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. 10．（2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 11.（2024 · 新课标全国 I 卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·虚假评价】阅读理解。（2026年1月浙江卷） Human beings have always loved reviews: word of mouth has long been regarded as one of the most valuable marketing tools available to a company. Consumers enjoy reading and giving reviews. However, the problem is that a lot of the reviews are fake (假的). Shabnam Azimi and Alexander Krasnikov of Loyola University of Chicago and Kwong Chan of Northeastern University recently published a study on fake reviews. The study used a dataset of 1,600 reviews of Chicago hotels. Some of them were real; others were fake. The reviews were presented to 400 subjects. Each subject got eight reviews to read: a balanced set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order. The reviews were written by real people who were given information about the hotel. The results show that consumers generally trust negative reviews more than positive ones. Moreover, we humans tend to assume that positive reviews might be fake. “Overall, negative reviews are less common. So, we pay more attention to them. When a negative review is fake, we get tricked,” Azimi says. When it came to faking a review, length was important to believability, as was detail. A long, negative review of a hotel, complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants. A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short. Emotion was also important in convincing readers — or the lack of emotion, at least. Azimi says study participants tended not to trust reviews where the writers expressed their feelings in a big way. The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in. The fake reviews written for Azimi’s study were put together by humans, but increasingly, fake reviews are being written by AI, which makes them look more real. Though many companies use algorithms (算法) to weed out fake reviews, Azimi points out that the machines are programmed by humans, and given our limited ability to spot fake reviews, this isn’t a good sign. 28. Which aspect of the study does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. Its design. B. Its findings. C. Its purposes. D. Its significance. 29. What does the underlined word “glowing” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Funny. B. Abusive. C. Insightful. D. Praising. 30. What kind of review would readers most likely trust? A. A long, positive one. B. An unemotional, negative one. C. A short, negative one. D. An enthusiastic, positive one. 31. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Many companies are producing fake reviews. B. Writing fake reviews will be declared illegal. C. Machines can detect fake reviews accurately. D. It will be harder to recognize fake reviews. Passage 2 【新情境·激发学生内在热情】（2026年1月浙江卷） When you’re a teacher, a big part of your job is battling student misconceptions. Often students come to the classroom believing that learning can’t be fun and that what they learn isn’t relevant to the real world — much less to their personal interests. I’ve discovered that if I show students how what they learn is relevant to my hobbies, they’re much more willing to make connections to their personal interests and develop their own hobbies. No matter what subject I’m teaching, I find ways to bring my hobbies into the classroom. For example, I’m a car enthusiast, so when I teach physics, I contextualize concepts with my knowledge about cars. If we’re covering friction, for example, I bring different tires (轮胎) into my classroom so that my students can conduct lab experiments with them to see how friction works in real-life applications. When I first brought my hobbies to my classroom, I was focused on how doing so would build engagement and help my students understand concepts in science. But I quickly learned that the practice also helped me build stronger relationships with them. When I let them see an aspect of my life outside of school, some students who were also interested in cars connected with me more and became more engaged in my courses. Even those who didn’t share that interest with me seemed more engaged once I showed a different side of myself. What started as an experiment is now more of a philosophy. Even when I’m planning classes, I tend to think about how I can bring in my hobbies. I find that doing so energizes my instruction, engages my students, and demonstrates to them how abstract concepts play out in the real world. Best of all, my passion for my hobbies seems to inspire them to be passionate about finding their own. 24. What poses a challenge to teachers according to the author? A. Students’ misunderstandings about teachers. B. Students’ false assumptions about learning. C. The irrelevance of textbooks to students’ life. D. The gap between teachers’ and students’ hobbies. 25. Why does the author bring tires into the classroom? A. To teach an engineering skill. B. To explain the structure of a car. C. To share a real-life experience. D. To illustrate a scientific concept. 26. What was the unexpected outcome of the author’s teaching method? A. A higher class attendance rate. B. Better examination results. C. A closer teacher-student bond. D. More spare time for students. 27. Which of the following best describes the author as a teacher? A. Innovative. B. Humorous. C. Decisive. D. Sympathetic. Passage 3 【新情境·写作动力的来源】[2025·全国一卷] In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question:“Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis(论点)statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change. As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. (　)24.Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of Paragraph 1? A.Ninth graders. B.Students’ parents. C.Modern writers. D.Fictional characters. (　)25.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A.They were not given enough time. B.They had a very limited vocabulary. C.They misunderstood the question. D.They had little interest in the topic. (　)26.What does the underlined word “staggering” in Paragraph 3 mean? A.Mixed. B.Amazing. C.Similar. D.Disturbing. (　)27.What does the author’s experience show? A.Teaching is learning. B.Still waters run deep. C.Knowledge is power. D.Practice makes perfect. Passage 4 【新情境·重视城市宜居性】[2025·全国一卷] While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人)mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. (　)28.What phenomenon does the author point out in Paragraph 1? A.Cars often get stuck on the road. B.Traffic accidents occur frequently. C.People walk less and drive more. D.Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. (　)29.What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A.Keep their cities livable. B.Promote cultural diversity. C.Help the needy families. D.Make expressways accessible. (　)30.What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A.They boosted the sales of cars. B.They turned out largely ineffective. C.They won government support. D.They advocated building new parks. (　)31.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Why the rush? B.What’s next? C.Where to stay? D.Who to blame? Passage 5 【新情境·水中微塑料污染】[2025·全国一卷] Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” (　)32.How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A.By quoting an expert. B.By defining a concept. C.By giving examples. D.By providing statistics. (　)33.What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A.The hardness of water. B.The length of cooling time. C.The frequency of filtering. D.The type of plastic in water. (　)34.What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in Paragraph 4? A.The importance of plastic recycling. B.The severity of the microplastic problem. C.The danger in overusing pure water. D.The difficulty in treating polluted water. (　)35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay􀆳s suggestion about? A.Choice of new research methods. B.Possible direction for further study. C.Need to involve more researchers. D.Potential application of the findings. ‘真题·实战演练 高频考点：长难句的特点，简单句中的长难句，并列句中的长难句，复合句中长难句，混合型长难句，处理长难句的方法 1. （2026·全国I卷）Before heading home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly cheaper than those found in supermarkets. 2.（2026·全国I卷） If you’re willing to drive a little further, the Ritz-Carlton Los Angeles promises luxurious rooms and extensive leisure facilities — perfect for turning a game day into a great weekend escape. 3.（2026·全国I卷）SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone, and guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass. 4.（2026·全国I卷）They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. 5.（2026·全国I卷） Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. 6.（2026·全国II卷） This nice Cantonese restaurant in Columbia Heights quickly became a destination for chef Henji Cheung's Hong Kong-style cooking and co-owner Sarah Thompson's natural wine list that earned her a Michelin nod. 7.（2026·全国II卷） On their first trip out, they were greeted with such enthusiasm from the 10 families who'd already established homes there that they decided to join. 8.（2026·全国II卷） Reisley said he's tried his best to be a good steward not just of the Wright creation he lives in, but all others as well. 9.（2026·全国II卷） But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location. 10.（2026·全国II卷） The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed — we mention it without even considering what it means. 11.（2026·全国II卷） Resting on a pass near the Pradidalihut, we began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters. 12.（2026·全国II卷） Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. 13.（2026·全国II卷）They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. 14.（2026·全国II卷）If only the effort they put into avoiding responsibility could be redirected into, well, actual responsibility. 15.（2026·全国II卷）If your child sees you enjoying your work and taking pride in a job well done, they're far more likely to do the same. 16.（2026·全国II卷）I didn't come from a family connected to the literary world, which I perceived as a major problem. 17.（2026·全国II卷） I explained that when I was his age, I actually wanted to be a writer, but I didn't think I quite had what it took. 18.（2026·全国II卷） Who was I to lecture them on bravery and risk when I had never taken myself nor my own desires seriously? 19.（2026·全国II卷）I knew I needed nothing else to succeed but a bit of self-belief and hard work. 20.（2026·全国II卷） I would feel completely at ease doing my homework in bed, with light music on. 21.（2026·全国II卷） I found comfort in keeping myself awake when everyone else had gone to bed, and I loved the silence of the night. 22.（2026·全国II卷）Hardly had I written half a page when I felt a sharp pain in my chest. 23.（2026·全国II卷） I realized that years of living as a late-night person had turned my heart into an overworked engine. 6 / 24网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $