2024新课标II卷英语阅读长难句专项 讲义-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦2024新高考Ⅱ卷阅读专项，覆盖应用文、记叙文等四大文体及定语从句、非谓语动词等核心语法考点，按“考情导学-长难句精析-分层训练”逻辑架构，通过主干划分、语法拆解、熟词生义梳理及句型仿写闭环设计，帮助学生系统突破阅读难点。 资料创新采用“长难句万能拆解四步法”培养思维品质，结合“句型仿写写作迁移”提升语言能力，如Passage A应用文“for sb. to do”结构拆解后引导学生仿写校园活动招募句。分层习题适配不同水平，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，高效提升学生阅读解题与写作输出能力。

2024新高考Ⅱ卷英语阅读专项精讲讲义 适配高三一轮阅读专项训练，包含逐篇长难句拆解（主干划分+语法考点+熟词生义+写作迁移）、分层配套习题、 一、前置导学：2024新高考Ⅱ卷阅读命题考情 1. 四大文体全覆盖：应用文（徒步招募）、记叙文（地铁故事亭）、科技说明文（室内微型农场）、议论文（AI书评），完全贴合新高考阅读选材规律。 2. 核心高频语法考点：限定/非限定定语从句、让步/时间/原因/比较状语从句、名词性从句（主/宾/表）、非谓语动词（分词定状、不定式）、with复合结构、动名词作主语、全部倒装、主谓一致、无灵主语高分句式。 3. 训练闭环设计：长难句拆解吃透主干修饰 → 同义改写灵活变换句式 → 句型仿写实现读后续写/应用文输出，层层递进适配高考读写结合要求。 4. 词汇体系：全部为高考3500核心词、真题熟词生义，无超纲词汇，兼顾阅读识别与写作复用。 5. 高考阅读长难句万能拆解四步法 · 剥修饰：先删掉句首状语、插入语、后置定语（分词/介词短语）； · 找双谓语：区分谓语动词与时态、非谓语doing/to do； · 划连词：标出that/which/who/while/because等从句引导词拆分主从句； 二、四篇阅读高阶长难句精析（统一五大模块格式） Passage A Choice of Walks（徒步招募·应用文） 长难句1 The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. 1. 主干：The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity 2. 语法： ① for sb. to do 不定式复合结构后置修饰opportunity，高考应用文高频加分结构； ② beginner, experienced or advanced 并列形容词前置修饰walker； ③ of mountain hikes、of its woodland walks 两组介词短语后置定语，分别修饰challenges、peace； ④ or并列连接the challenges与the peace，共同作enjoy的宾语。 3. 词汇： ① advanced walker 高阶徒步爱好者 ② woodland walks 林间步道 ③ an opportunity for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事的绝佳机会 翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句2 With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. 1. 主干：this walk promises to be an informative tour 2. 语法： ① With + 名词 + as宾补构成with复合结构，置于句首作伴随状语，写作万能模板； ② to be an informative tour 不定式作promises的宾语； ③ environmentalist作同位语，分隔主语与谓语，长难句经典干扰结构。 3. 词汇： ① environmentalist n. 环保学者 ② informative adj. 内容详实的 ③ promise to do sth. 有望、注定会…… 翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句3 Those 【who are dressed inappropriately】 will be refused permission to participate. 1. 主干：Those will be refused permission 2. 语法： ① who引导限制性定语从句修饰主语Those，从句使用被动语态； ② will be refused 主句被动谓语，活动规则类高频句式； ③ to participate 不定式短语后置定语，修饰抽象名词permission。 3. 词汇： ① inappropriately adv. 不适当地 ② refuse permission to do sth. 不准许做某事 ③ participate v. 参与 翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句4 This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. 1. 主干：This informative walk introduces you to the basic principles 2. 语法： ① led by Richard Smyth 过去分词后置定语，表被动修饰walk； ② introduce sb. to sth. 固定双宾语搭配； ③ of photography、in the wild 双层介词后置定语叠加修饰principles。 3. 词汇： ① basic principles 基础原理 ② in the wild 在野外 ③ introduce sb. to sth. 向某人介绍某物 翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage B BART地铁短篇故事自助亭（记叙文） 长难句1 You enter the fare gates and you'll see a kiosk 【that is lit up 】and it tells 【you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story】. 1. 主干：You enter the fare gates and you'll see a kiosk; it tells you sth. 2. 语法： ① and连续连接三组并列简单分句，叙事类文章常用流水句式； ② that引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词kiosk； ③ tells后省略引导词that，内嵌宾语从句can get a ... story； ④ one-minute复合形容词前置修饰story，高考构词法考点。 3. 词汇： ① fare gates 检票口 ② kiosk n. 小型服务亭 ③ lit up 亮着灯的 翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句2 Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems 【since the program was launched last March】. 1. 主干：Riders have printed short stories and poems 2. 语法： ① since引导时间状语从句，主句现在完成时、从句一般过去时（时态必考核心）； ② nearly 副词前置修饰数量词作定语； ③ short stories and poems 并列名词共同作printed宾语。 3. 词汇： ① launch v. 推出，上线 ② rider n. 乘车乘客 翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句3 We wanted to do something 【where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest】. 1. 主干：We wanted to do something 2. 语法： ① where引导定语从句修饰不定代词something，抽象地点用法拔高考点； ② to submit stories 不定式作目的状语修饰call to artists； ③ for a contest 介词短语后置定语修饰stories。 3. 词汇： ① submit v. 提交 ② contest n. 征文比赛 ③ the Bay Area 旧金山湾区 翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句4 At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything 【they can】 to improve the rider experience. 1. 主干：All transit agencies are doing everything 2. 语法： ① At the end of the day 介词短语作评注性状语，议论文过渡短语； ② they can 省略关系代词that的定语从句修饰不定代词everything； ③ to improve the rider experience 不定式作目的状语。 3. 词汇： ① transit agency 公共交通运营机构 ② rider experience 乘客出行体验 翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage C Babylon Micro-Farm室内微型农场（科技说明文） 长难句1 【While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey】, Babylon Micro-Farm（BMF）shortens it even more. 1. 主干：Babylon Micro-Farm shortens it even more 2. 语法： ① While引导让步状语从句，表“尽管”，说明文对比高频句式； ② to reduce the journey 不定式后置定语修饰choice； ③ even副词修饰比较级more，强化程度。 3. 词汇： ① solid adj. 可靠的 ② shorten v. 缩短 ③ farmers' markets 农贸市场 翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句2 By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. 1. 主干：BMF is remotely monitored 2. 语法： ① By + 动名词短语作全句方式状语； ② 整句一般现在时被动语态，科技类文章标配句式； ③ remotely 副词修饰谓语monitored。 3. 词汇： ① the Cloud 云端服务器 ② remotely monitored 远程监控 翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句3 【Because the system is automated】, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. 1. 主干：it reduces the amount of water 2. 语法： ① Because引导原因状语从句； ② needed过去分词后置定语修饰water； ③ to grow plants 不定式作目的状语； ④ significantly 副词修饰谓语reduces。 3. 词汇： ① automated adj. 自动化的 ② significantly adv. 显著地 ③ the amount of ……的总量 翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句4 Moreover, having a system in the same building 【where it's eaten】 means zero emissions from transporting plants from soil to salad. 1. 主干：having a system means zero emissions 2. 语法： ① 动名词短语having a system作整句主语，议论文高级开篇结构； ② where引导限制性定语从句修饰抽象地点building； ③ from transporting plants 介词短语后置定语修饰emissions； ④ from soil to salad 介词短语后置修饰plants。 3. 词汇： ① emission n. 碳排放，排放物 ② transport v. 运输 翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage D AI by Design人工智能书评（议论文） 长难句1 Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is 【where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in】. 1. 主干：we all need to take action, and this is where the book comes in 2. 语法： ① Given+名词短语独立分词结构作原因状语，写作高分模板； ② of AI to transform our lives 不定式复合结构后置修饰potential； ③ to deal with our AI-powered future 不定式作目的状语； ④ where引导表语从句，作is的表语。 3. 词汇： ① astonishing adj. 惊人的 ② transform v. 改变，变革 ③ take action 采取行动 翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句2 In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. 1. 主干：such a book could prove complicated, but Campbell has professional experience 2. 语法： ① In the wrong hands 介词短语作条件评注状语； ② as complicated...as 原级比较嵌套定语从句； ③ that引导限制性定语从句修饰computer code； ④ translating...现在分词后置定语修饰experience。 3. 词汇： ① complicated adj. 晦涩难懂的 ② power v. 驱动 ③ heady adj. 高深难懂的理论 翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句3 This is 【why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades】 【before these developments are expected to take place】. 1. 主干：This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness 2. 语法： ① why引导表语从句，解释前文观点； ② of AI and its future 介词短语后置修饰awareness； ③ before引导时间状语从句，破折号插入补充时间； ④ are expected to take place 被动谓语结构。 3. 词汇： ① raise awareness 提升认知 ② set out to do sth. 着手、开始做某事 ③ take place 发生 翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句4 She explains we are at a "tipping point" in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. 1. 主干：She explains (that) we are at a tipping point and must act now 2. 语法： ① explains后省略that，并列双宾语从句共用主语we； ② in history 介词短语后置修饰tipping point； ③ to prevent an extinction-level event 不定式作目的状语； ④ for humanity 介词短语后置修饰event。 3. 词汇： ① tipping point 临界点 ② extinction-level adj. 足以造成物种灭绝级别的 翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、专项练习题 长难句拆解专项 要求：划出句子主干，标注从句类型/非谓语功能，完整翻译整句 1. Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. A torch along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod to get the next growth cycle started. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. There's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句型仿写写作迁移 模仿对应长难句语法结构，根据中文提示完成英文造句 1. 模板：Given +名词短语, we all need to take action to… 中文：考虑到校园纸质资源浪费严重，我们都要行动起来推行双面打印。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 模板：With … as …, sth. promises to be … 中文：由专业摄影师担任指导，本次森林研学活动将会收获满满。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 模板：This is why sb. has set out to … 中文：这就是志愿者团队发起社区低碳宣传活动的原因。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 模板：sth. is a great opportunity for sb. to enjoy … 中文：秋季户外徒步是同学们亲近自然、放松身心的绝佳机会。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 模板：Although …, sth. can … 中文：尽管线上课程十分便捷，纸质教材更适合深度学习。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 模板：doing sth. means … 中文：坚持深度纸质阅读意味着更强的逻辑推理能力。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 模板：sb. has a passion for making … accessible to all 中文：这位青年志愿者致力于让偏远山区孩子接触优质科普资源。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 模板：sth. could prove as … as … 中文：一本优质科普书的价值不亚于一堂线下专家讲座。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 模板：Those who … will be refused permission to … 中文：未穿戴安全装备的学生禁止进入山地徒步区域。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 模板：Since +过去时间点，主语+现在完成时 中文：自从2022年社区微型农场建成，本地居民大幅减少食材运输碳排放。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句改写 严格按照改写提示变换句式，句意保持不变 1. While organizing community environmental activities, volunteers will clear waste, plant native trees and record local wildlife conditions. 改写要求：将while doing分词改为完整时间状语从句while they organize 改写：________________________________________________________ 2. Teenagers under sixteen who join eco-protection programs must hand in permission forms signed by their guardians. 改写要求：把who限制性定语从句改为现在分词joining后置定语 改写：________________________________________________________ 3. Volunteers will carry out outdoor protection tasks no matter how terrible the weather turns out to be. 改写要求：no matter how替换为however引导让步状语 改写：________________________________________________________ 4. Doctors combining modern medical technology with traditional herbal therapies achieve better treatment effects for small animals. 改写要求：现在分词combining改为定语从句who combine 改写：________________________________________________________ 5. What helps relieve pets’ pain can also ease the discomfort of human beings with similar injuries. 改写要求：What主语从句替换为All that引导主语从句 改写：________________________________________________________ 6. Since local animal clinics began to provide holistic treatment services, more pet owners choose non-drug relief methods. 改写要求：since时间状语从句替换为With复合结构 改写：________________________________________________________ 7. Readers who devote enough energy to printed materials can grasp deeper logical relations hidden in long articles. 改写要求：hidden过去分词定语改为定语从句which are hidden 改写：________________________________________________________ 8. Many students form reading habits suited to short online articles, which reduce their ability to analyze complex texts. 改写要求：非限制性which从句拆分为并列简单句 改写：________________________________________________________ 9. Researchers have proved that people remember more key information after reading printed passages than watching short video clips. 改写要求：than后省略结构补全为than they watch short video clips 改写：________________________________________________________ 10. Data collected by amateur nature lovers often focus on colorful animals rather than plain, ordinary creatures. 改写要求：collected过去分词改为定语从句that are collected 改写：________________________________________________________ 11. Scientists hope to build a new system that guides wildlife recorders to observe less-documented species in remote areas. 改写要求：that定语从句用to do不定式后置替换 改写：________________________________________________________ 12. If you upload animal photos to the platform, you can invite professional biologists to judge the exact kind of the creature. 改写要求：if条件句改为分词Uploading…作句首状语 改写：________________________________________________________ 13. Recording wild species every month helps researchers track how animal groups change with climate warming. 改写要求：动名词主语改为不定式To record wild species every month 改写：________________________________________________________ 14. A large number of citizen observation records cannot fully reflect the real distribution of wild animals across the whole country. 改写要求：a large number of替换为Plenty of 改写：________________________________________________________ 15. When researchers compare digital observation data with physical specimen records, they find obvious regional imbalance in sampling. 改写要求：when从句改为On comparing…介词短语结构 改写：________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024新高考Ⅱ卷英语阅读专项精讲讲义 适配高三一轮阅读专项训练，包含逐篇长难句拆解（主干划分+语法考点+熟词生义+写作迁移）、分层配套习题、 一、前置导学：2024新高考Ⅱ卷阅读命题考情 1. 四大文体全覆盖：应用文（徒步招募）、记叙文（地铁故事亭）、科技说明文（室内微型农场）、议论文（AI书评），完全贴合新高考阅读选材规律。 2. 核心高频语法考点：限定/非限定定语从句、让步/时间/原因/比较状语从句、名词性从句（主/宾/表）、非谓语动词（分词定状、不定式）、with复合结构、动名词作主语、全部倒装、主谓一致、无灵主语高分句式。 3. 训练闭环设计：长难句拆解吃透主干修饰 → 同义改写灵活变换句式 → 句型仿写实现读后续写/应用文输出，层层递进适配高考读写结合要求。 4. 词汇体系：全部为高考3500核心词、真题熟词生义，无超纲词汇，兼顾阅读识别与写作复用。 5. 高考阅读长难句万能拆解四步法 · 剥修饰：先删掉句首状语、插入语、后置定语（分词/介词短语）； · 找双谓语：区分谓语动词与时态、非谓语doing/to do； · 划连词：标出that/which/who/while/because等从句引导词拆分主从句； 二、四篇阅读高阶长难句精析（统一五大模块格式） Passage A Choice of Walks（徒步招募·应用文） 长难句1 The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. 1. 主干：The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity 2. 语法： ① for sb. to do 不定式复合结构后置修饰opportunity，高考应用文高频加分结构； ② beginner, experienced or advanced 并列形容词前置修饰walker； ③ of mountain hikes、of its woodland walks 两组介词短语后置定语，分别修饰challenges、peace； ④ or并列连接the challenges与the peace，共同作enjoy的宾语。 3. 词汇： ① advanced walker 高阶徒步爱好者 ② woodland walks 林间步道 ③ an opportunity for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事的绝佳机会 翻译：卡洛秋季徒步节是新手、资深或高阶徒步爱好者的绝佳机会，大家既能挑战卡洛山间徒步路线，也能享受林间步道的静谧。 长难句2 With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. 1. 主干：this walk promises to be an informative tour 2. 语法： ① With + 名词 + as宾补构成with复合结构，置于句首作伴随状语，写作万能模板； ② to be an informative tour 不定式作promises的宾语； ③ environmentalist作同位语，分隔主语与谓语，长难句经典干扰结构。 3. 词汇： ① environmentalist n. 环保学者 ② informative adj. 内容详实的 ③ promise to do sth. 有望、注定会…… 翻译：本次徒步由环保学者埃安娜·拉纳带队，全程讲解内容丰富详实。 长难句3 Those 【who are dressed inappropriately】 will be refused permission to participate. 1. 主干：Those will be refused permission 2. 语法： ① who引导限制性定语从句修饰主语Those，从句使用被动语态； ② will be refused 主句被动谓语，活动规则类高频句式； ③ to participate 不定式短语后置定语，修饰抽象名词permission。 3. 词汇： ① inappropriately adv. 不适当地 ② refuse permission to do sth. 不准许做某事 ③ participate v. 参与 翻译：着装不合要求的人员将被禁止参与本次活动。 长难句4 This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. 1. 主干：This informative walk introduces you to the basic principles 2. 语法： ① led by Richard Smyth 过去分词后置定语，表被动修饰walk； ② introduce sb. to sth. 固定双宾语搭配； ③ of photography、in the wild 双层介词后置定语叠加修饰principles。 3. 词汇： ① basic principles 基础原理 ② in the wild 在野外 ③ introduce sb. to sth. 向某人介绍某物 翻译：这场由理查德·史密斯带队的科普徒步，将带你了解野外摄影的基础技巧。 Passage B BART地铁短篇故事自助亭（记叙文） 长难句1 You enter the fare gates and you'll see a kiosk 【that is lit up 】and it tells 【you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story】. 1. 主干：You enter the fare gates and you'll see a kiosk; it tells you sth. 2. 语法： ① and连续连接三组并列简单分句，叙事类文章常用流水句式； ② that引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词kiosk； ③ tells后省略引导词that，内嵌宾语从句can get a ... story； ④ one-minute复合形容词前置修饰story，高考构词法考点。 3. 词汇： ① fare gates 检票口 ② kiosk n. 小型服务亭 ③ lit up 亮着灯的 翻译：穿过检票口，你会看到一个亮着灯的服务亭，机器提示你可以选择一分钟、三分钟或五分钟篇幅的短篇故事。 长难句2 Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems 【since the program was launched last March】. 1. 主干：Riders have printed short stories and poems 2. 语法： ① since引导时间状语从句，主句现在完成时、从句一般过去时（时态必考核心）； ② nearly 副词前置修饰数量词作定语； ③ short stories and poems 并列名词共同作printed宾语。 3. 词汇： ① launch v. 推出，上线 ② rider n. 乘车乘客 翻译：自去年三月该项目上线以来，乘客已经打印了近两万篇短篇故事与诗歌。 长难句3 We wanted to do something 【where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest】. 1. 主干：We wanted to do something 2. 语法： ① where引导定语从句修饰不定代词something，抽象地点用法拔高考点； ② to submit stories 不定式作目的状语修饰call to artists； ③ for a contest 介词短语后置定语修饰stories。 3. 词汇： ① submit v. 提交 ② contest n. 征文比赛 ③ the Bay Area 旧金山湾区 翻译：我们计划开展一项活动，面向湾区创作者征集故事参与征文比赛。 长难句4 At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything 【they can】 to improve the rider experience. 1. 主干：All transit agencies are doing everything 2. 语法： ① At the end of the day 介词短语作评注性状语，议论文过渡短语； ② they can 省略关系代词that的定语从句修饰不定代词everything； ③ to improve the rider experience 不定式作目的状语。 3. 词汇： ① transit agency 公共交通运营机构 ② rider experience 乘客出行体验 翻译：归根结底，当下所有交通部门都在竭尽所能优化乘客的出行体验。 Passage C Babylon Micro-Farm室内微型农场（科技说明文） 长难句1 【While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey】, Babylon Micro-Farm（BMF）shortens it even more. 1. 主干：Babylon Micro-Farm shortens it even more 2. 语法： ① While引导让步状语从句，表“尽管”，说明文对比高频句式； ② to reduce the journey 不定式后置定语修饰choice； ③ even副词修饰比较级more，强化程度。 3. 词汇： ① solid adj. 可靠的 ② shorten v. 缩短 ③ farmers' markets 农贸市场 翻译：尽管农贸市场是缩短食材运输路程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场能进一步缩短这条运输链路。 长难句2 By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. 1. 主干：BMF is remotely monitored 2. 语法： ① By + 动名词短语作全句方式状语； ② 整句一般现在时被动语态，科技类文章标配句式； ③ remotely 副词修饰谓语monitored。 3. 词汇： ① the Cloud 云端服务器 ② remotely monitored 远程监控 翻译：设备通过云端联网，巴比伦微型农场能够实现远程监控。 长难句3 【Because the system is automated】, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. 1. 主干：it reduces the amount of water 2. 语法： ① Because引导原因状语从句； ② needed过去分词后置定语修饰water； ③ to grow plants 不定式作目的状语； ④ significantly 副词修饰谓语reduces。 3. 词汇： ① automated adj. 自动化的 ② significantly adv. 显著地 ③ the amount of ……的总量 翻译：整套系统自动化运行，大幅减少种植作物所需的用水量。 长难句4 Moreover, having a system in the same building 【where it's eaten】 means zero emissions from transporting plants from soil to salad. 1. 主干：having a system means zero emissions 2. 语法： ① 动名词短语having a system作整句主语，议论文高级开篇结构； ② where引导限制性定语从句修饰抽象地点building； ③ from transporting plants 介词短语后置定语修饰emissions； ④ from soil to salad 介词短语后置修饰plants。 3. 词汇： ① emission n. 碳排放，排放物 ② transport v. 运输 翻译：此外，种植设备与食用场所同处一栋建筑，意味着从种植到餐桌全程无运输碳排放。 Passage D AI by Design人工智能书评（议论文） 长难句1 Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is 【where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in】. 1. 主干：we all need to take action, and this is where the book comes in 2. 语法： ① Given+名词短语独立分词结构作原因状语，写作高分模板； ② of AI to transform our lives 不定式复合结构后置修饰potential； ③ to deal with our AI-powered future 不定式作目的状语； ④ where引导表语从句，作is的表语。 3. 词汇： ① astonishing adj. 惊人的 ② transform v. 改变，变革 ③ take action 采取行动 翻译：人工智能拥有重塑人类生活的巨大潜力，我们都需要行动起来应对人工智能时代的未来，而《AI设计：与人工智能共存的方案》这本书正是为此而生。 长难句2 In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. 1. 主干：such a book could prove complicated, but Campbell has professional experience 2. 语法： ① In the wrong hands 介词短语作条件评注状语； ② as complicated...as 原级比较嵌套定语从句； ③ that引导限制性定语从句修饰computer code； ④ translating...现在分词后置定语修饰experience。 3. 词汇： ① complicated adj. 晦涩难懂的 ② power v. 驱动 ③ heady adj. 高深难懂的理论 翻译：倘若由能力不足的人撰写，这类书籍可能会像支撑人工智能的代码一样晦涩难懂，但好在坎贝尔拥有二十余年行业经验，能把高深理论转化为通俗易懂的文字。 长难句3 This is 【why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades】 【before these developments are expected to take place】. 1. 主干：This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness 2. 语法： ① why引导表语从句，解释前文观点； ② of AI and its future 介词短语后置修饰awareness； ③ before引导时间状语从句，破折号插入补充时间； ④ are expected to take place 被动谓语结构。 3. 词汇： ① raise awareness 提升认知 ② set out to do sth. 着手、开始做某事 ③ take place 发生 翻译：这就是坎贝尔如今就着手提升大众对人工智能及其未来认知的原因——距离这些技术变革真正落地还有数十年之久。 长难句4 She explains we are at a "tipping point" in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. 1. 主干：She explains (that) we are at a tipping point and must act now 2. 语法： ① explains后省略that，并列双宾语从句共用主语we； ② in history 介词短语后置修饰tipping point； ③ to prevent an extinction-level event 不定式作目的状语； ④ for humanity 介词短语后置修饰event。 3. 词汇： ① tipping point 临界点 ② extinction-level adj. 足以造成物种灭绝级别的 翻译：她阐释道，人类如今正处在历史的关键临界点，必须立刻行动，避免发生足以危及人类存续的灾难。 三、专项练习题 长难句拆解专项 要求：划出句子主干，标注从句类型/非谓语功能，完整翻译整句 1. Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. A torch along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod to get the next growth cycle started. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. There's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句型仿写写作迁移 模仿对应长难句语法结构，根据中文提示完成英文造句 1. 模板：Given +名词短语, we all need to take action to… 中文：考虑到校园纸质资源浪费严重，我们都要行动起来推行双面打印。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 模板：With … as …, sth. promises to be … 中文：由专业摄影师担任指导，本次森林研学活动将会收获满满。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 模板：This is why sb. has set out to … 中文：这就是志愿者团队发起社区低碳宣传活动的原因。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 模板：sth. is a great opportunity for sb. to enjoy … 中文：秋季户外徒步是同学们亲近自然、放松身心的绝佳机会。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 模板：Although …, sth. can … 中文：尽管线上课程十分便捷，纸质教材更适合深度学习。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 模板：doing sth. means … 中文：坚持深度纸质阅读意味着更强的逻辑推理能力。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 模板：sb. has a passion for making … accessible to all 中文：这位青年志愿者致力于让偏远山区孩子接触优质科普资源。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 模板：sth. could prove as … as … 中文：一本优质科普书的价值不亚于一堂线下专家讲座。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 模板：Those who … will be refused permission to … 中文：未穿戴安全装备的学生禁止进入山地徒步区域。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 模板：Since +过去时间点，主语+现在完成时 中文：自从2022年社区微型农场建成，本地居民大幅减少食材运输碳排放。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句改写 严格按照改写提示变换句式，句意保持不变 1. While organizing community environmental activities, volunteers will clear waste, plant native trees and record local wildlife conditions. 改写要求：将while doing分词改为完整时间状语从句while they organize 改写：________________________________________________________ 2. Teenagers under sixteen who join eco-protection programs must hand in permission forms signed by their guardians. 改写要求：把who限制性定语从句改为现在分词joining后置定语 改写：________________________________________________________ 3. Volunteers will carry out outdoor protection tasks no matter how terrible the weather turns out to be. 改写要求：no matter how替换为however引导让步状语 改写：________________________________________________________ 4. Doctors combining modern medical technology with traditional herbal therapies achieve better treatment effects for small animals. 改写要求：现在分词combining改为定语从句who combine 改写：________________________________________________________ 5. What helps relieve pets’ pain can also ease the discomfort of human beings with similar injuries. 改写要求：What主语从句替换为All that引导主语从句 改写：________________________________________________________ 6. Since local animal clinics began to provide holistic treatment services, more pet owners choose non-drug relief methods. 改写要求：since时间状语从句替换为With复合结构 改写：________________________________________________________ 7. Readers who devote enough energy to printed materials can grasp deeper logical relations hidden in long articles. 改写要求：hidden过去分词定语改为定语从句which are hidden 改写：________________________________________________________ 8. Many students form reading habits suited to short online articles, which reduce their ability to analyze complex texts. 改写要求：非限制性which从句拆分为并列简单句 改写：________________________________________________________ 9. Researchers have proved that people remember more key information after reading printed passages than watching short video clips. 改写要求：than后省略结构补全为than they watch short video clips 改写：________________________________________________________ 10. Data collected by amateur nature lovers often focus on colorful animals rather than plain, ordinary creatures. 改写要求：collected过去分词改为定语从句that are collected 改写：________________________________________________________ 11. Scientists hope to build a new system that guides wildlife recorders to observe less-documented species in remote areas. 改写要求：that定语从句用to do不定式后置替换 改写：________________________________________________________ 12. If you upload animal photos to the platform, you can invite professional biologists to judge the exact kind of the creature. 改写要求：if条件句改为分词Uploading…作句首状语 改写：________________________________________________________ 13. Recording wild species every month helps researchers track how animal groups change with climate warming. 改写要求：动名词主语改为不定式To record wild species every month 改写：________________________________________________________ 14. A large number of citizen observation records cannot fully reflect the real distribution of wild animals across the whole country. 改写要求：a large number of替换为Plenty of 改写：________________________________________________________ 15. When researchers compare digital observation data with physical specimen records, they find obvious regional imbalance in sampling. 改写要求：when从句改为On comparing…介词短语结构 改写：________________________________________________________ 答案 (长难句拆解) 1 原句：Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. 主干：Walking at night-time is a great way；无定语从句，动名词作主语，不定式短语后置修饰way 翻译：夜间徒步是突破自身舒适圈的绝佳途径。 2 原句：A torch along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. 主干：A torch is essential；无定语从句，along with引导插入修饰成分，介词短语for walking后置修饰形容词 翻译：手电筒与合身衣物是夜间徒步的必备物品。 3 原句：Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. 主干：Emmanuel Chappard has a passion；无定语从句，an experienced guide同位语修饰主语，for介词短语后置修饰passion 翻译：资深向导埃马纽埃尔·沙帕尔，致力于让所有人都能亲近广阔的户外自然。 4 原句：Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. 主干：Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works；无从句，and并列两个简单分句 翻译：一部分是经典短篇故事，另一部分是全新原创作品。 5 原句：The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist. 主干：The winning stories would go into our kiosk and you would be a published artist；无定语从句，and衔接并列主句 翻译：获奖故事将会录入我们的自助故事亭，届时你也会成为一名有作品刊发的创作者。 6 原句：It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. 主干：It can be set up; it could serve a larger audience；无从句，such as介词短语举例修饰audience 翻译：这套设备可供家庭使用。除此之外，医院、餐厅、学校等更大规模场所也能配备使用。 7 原句：After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod to get the next growth cycle started. 主干：users replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod；无定语从句，After harvest时间状语，to do不定式作目的状语 翻译：收获完成后，使用者只需更换预装种子的培育盒，即可开启下一轮种植周期。 8 原句：There's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. 主干：There's no need for pesticides and other chemicals；that引导限制性定语从句修饰chemicals 翻译：整套设备无需使用农药以及其他会污染传统农田与周边环境的化学药剂。 9 原句：About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. 主干：About half of them walk or bike to work; they encourage recycling and waste reduction；无定语从句，by引导方式状语 翻译：其中近半数员工步行或骑行通勤。在办公区域，公司通过减少垃圾桶、禁用一次性塑料制品，倡导回收利用、减少废弃物。 10 原句：This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution. 主干：This absorbing new book is a practical roadmap；无定语从句，addressing现在分词后置修饰roadmap，posed过去分词后置修饰challenges 翻译：卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔所著的这本引人入胜的新书，是一本实用指南，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能变革带来的各类难题。 11 原句：She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative. 主干：She writes from the practical angle；which引导限制性定语从句修饰guide，making现在分词作结果状语 翻译：她以商界从业者而非学术研究者的务实视角进行创作，打造出一本通俗易懂、内容详实的指南书籍。 12 原句：From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. 主干：Artificial Dominant Intelligence will come；无定语从句，From there置于句首引发全部倒装句式 翻译：坎贝尔表示，具备主导能力的人工智能将会由此诞生。 13 原句：Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. 主干：Campbell's point is to wake up those；无定语从句，responsible for形容词短语后置修饰those，so引导结果状语从句 翻译：坎贝尔的核心观点是唤醒所有人工智能相关从业者，即科技企业与各国领导者，让他们与当下研发AI的专家达成共识。 14 原句：Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. 主干：Such structured thinking will enable us to achieve greatness；无定语从句，followed by过去分词插入修饰主语 翻译：搭配全球统一监管的系统化理性思考，将助力人类走向繁荣，而非走向衰败。 15 原句：AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 主干：AI will affect us all, and this is it；if引导条件状语从句 翻译：人工智能会影响我们每一个人，若你只读一本相关书籍，那这本书就是不二之选。 （句型仿写） 1. Given the serious waste of paper resources on campus, we all need to take action to carry out double-sided printing. 2. With professional photographers as instructors, this forest research trip promises to be a rewarding experience. 3. This is why the volunteer group has set out to hold low-carbon publicity activities in the community. 4. The autumn outdoor hiking is a great opportunity for students to get close to nature and relax themselves. 5. Although online courses bring great convenience, printed textbooks are more suitable for in-depth study. 6. Sticking to deep reading on paper means stronger ability of logical reasoning. 7. The young volunteer has a passion for making high-quality popular science resources accessible to children in remote mountain areas. 8. A high-quality popular science book could prove as valuable as an offline lecture given by experts. 9. Those who fail to wear safety equipment will be refused permission to enter the mountain hiking zone. 10. Since the community micro-farm was built in 2022, local residents have greatly cut carbon emissions from food transportation. （长难句改写） 1. While they organize community environmental activities, volunteers will clear waste, plant native trees and record local wildlife conditions. 2. Teenagers under sixteen joining eco-protection programs must hand in permission forms signed by their guardians. 3. Volunteers will carry out outdoor protection tasks however terrible the weather turns out to be. 4. Doctors who combine modern medical technology with traditional herbal therapies achieve better treatment effects for small animals. 5. All that helps relieve pets’ pain can also ease the discomfort of human beings with similar injuries. 6. With local animal clinics beginning to provide holistic treatment services, more pet owners choose non-drug relief methods. 7. Readers who devote enough energy to printed materials can grasp deeper logical relations which are hidden in long articles. 8. Many students form reading habits suited to short online articles. These habits reduce their ability to analyze complex texts. 9. Researchers have proved that people remember more key information after reading printed passages than they watch short video clips. 10. Data that are collected by amateur nature lovers often focus on colorful animals rather than plain, ordinary creatures. 11. Scientists hope to build a new system to guide wildlife recorders to observe less-documented species in remote areas. 12. Uploading animal photos to the platform, you can invite professional biologists to judge the exact kind of the creature. 13. To record wild species every month helps researchers track how animal groups change with climate warming. 14. Plenty of citizen observation records cannot fully reflect the real distribution of wild animals across the whole country. 15. On comparing digital observation data with physical specimen records, researchers find obvious regional imbalance in sampling. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $