专题04 阅读理解之议论文+新闻报道（知识清单）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单聚焦阅读理解之议论文与新闻报道专题，系统整合知识脑图搭建、考点分层突破、解题技巧归纳及真题实战精练四大模块，涵盖演绎/归纳论证议论文结构、新闻六要素分析、事实细节等四大题型解题策略及高频词汇语法支持。 清单以知识脑图梳理专题框架，考点深研按“论点论据识别-题型技巧突破”分层，如标注演绎论证抓开篇主旨、归纳论证抓尾段总结，培养学生思维品质。配套高考真题分析含高频词汇表、熟词生义提示及长难句解析，助力语言能力提升。优题精练分题材设题，教师可依托分层考点优化教学，学生能通过词汇积累与技巧归纳实现自主高效复习。

清单04 阅读理解之议论文+新闻报道 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02 考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 简述 知识点1. 演绎论证议论文； 知识点2. 归纳论证议论文； 知识点3. 新闻报道； 考点二 解题技巧 知识点1. 事实细节题 ①对According to...类题型的考查。 ②对涉及疑问词类型试题的考查。 知识点2. 词义猜测题 知识点3. 推理判断题 ①结论推断题。 ②写作意图题和作者态度题。 知识点4.主旨大意题 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研●知能分层突破 一. 简述 1. 议论文的题材多样化、知识化，它包括社会科学的多个领域，涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面，以及和自然科学交叉的学科，体现以人为本的特点。 2.演绎论证议论文：注意文章的开篇，因为文章的开篇是文章的主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓住了作者的观点，从而把握了文章的中心思想。 3. 归纳论证议论文：注意文章的尾段，因为尾段是对前面所举事例和分论点的归纳和概括。 4. 抓论点、寻论据。阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把握了中心。 5. 作为新闻类文章的灵魂，导语为我们提供了丰富的解题线索。我们不能错过任何一个细节，重点甄别who、what、when、where、why、how六要素，了解新闻的主要内容。新闻报道类阅读理解题目设置灵活多样，通常以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，兼顾猜测词义、句意题及目的意图题和主旨大意题。标题是对新闻报道中心思想所作的高度而又精辟的概括，是命题者考虑设题的重点。 二. 解题技巧 (一) 事实细节题 议论文中设计的事实细节题一般较简单,多数情况下是直接信息题,往往以what, which, who, when, where, how many/much等方式提问。考查新闻事件的六要素，题型主要为细节题。 1. 对According to...类题型的考查。 　　这类题常由According to the passage或According to the ...paragraph等引导,考生只需在原文中找到和题干相同的关键词语和表达方式,确定相同的内容,就能找到答案。 2. 对涉及疑问词类型试题的考查。 　　作者为了阐明中心思想而列举的例证,所申诉的理由,所提出的论点,其阐述过程会涉及who, what, which, when, where, why, how和how much, how many, how often等,只要留意上述细节内容,就会直接获得这一类型试题的答案。 (二)词义猜测题 议论文的生词较多,因此,出现词义猜测题是理所当然的。这类题不仅考查学生的语言知识水平,还考查学生的语言应用能力和综合素质水平。这种试题常以“The underlined word “...” in paragraph ... probably means ______.”或“What is the meaning of the underlined word... in paragraph ...?”等来设问。 注意: 词义猜测离不开特定的语境和上下文的意思。同学们可以利用一些猜词技巧如同义、近义、反义、释义等方法来解题。 (三)推理判断题 在议论文阅读理解题中出现频率最高、难度最大的是推理判断题。常见的推理判断题主要考查写作目的、作者态度、结论推断和出处推断等。这种试题常以What can be inferred / learned from the passage? What can we infer from the paragraph? What is the purpose of the text? What was the writer’s attitude toward ...?等形式来设问。 1.结论推断题。 　在议论文中常会有结论推断题,这类题属于总括理解性题。文章中没有直接发表观点,要求考生根据文章所提供的事实推断出其结论或所蕴含的道理。另外,问题针对的不一定是全文或作者本人的观点,也可能是针对文章某一处或某一细节。 2.写作意图题和作者态度题。 议论文的写作目的比较明确,答题时关键在于把握句、段之间的逻辑关系,切忌以自己的观点代替作者的观点;在夹叙夹议的文章中,议论部分往往蕴含着作者的写作意图,比较容易找到答案。在判断作者观点态度时,一定要注意有些文章作者的语气和态度没有明确显示,但文章中总会有几处关键性的词或句子流露出作者的语气和态度;有时候作者先介绍某一观点,而在文末又提出相反的观点,答题时要判断作者的真正观点或态度,必须着眼于整篇文章。新闻报道考查对新闻事件的观点，题型主要为观点推断题。 (四)主旨大意题 主旨大意题是议论文常考题型之一。它通常涉及概括全文大意、段落大意和选择标题。这类试题常以What does the text mainly tell us? What would be the best title for the text? What does the second/third ...paragraph discuss?等来设问。 文章的主旨是通过段落来表达的,而段落大意主要由主题句来体现。尤其在议论文中,主题句通常在一个段落(篇)的开头,其后的句子则是论证性的细节。因此,识别各段落的主题句并由此归纳出文章的中心思想是解答主旨大意题的关键。做题时,常用略读法,快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句。把各个段落的主题句联系起来并着眼于全文结构安排,了解了文章的重心,自然就能概括出文章的中心 四、高考典题分析 Passage 1 (2026全国二卷 D， 新闻报道)The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes(刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables(电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. “I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better.” Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate(加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency. 32. Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A. To fuel the city’s economy. B. To enhance passengers’ experience. C. To promote green transportation. D. To raise the quality of electric cars. 33. What is Espinoza’s concern? A. How to cut his travel expenses. B. Where to get a parking space. C. How to avoid rush-hour traffic. D. Where to find a charging point. 34. What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5? A. Their operating conditions. B. Their conventional standard. C. Their potential risks. D. Their working mechanism. 35. What did Luna say about the system? A. It uses reclaimed energy creatively. B. It improves workers’ efficiency. C. It prioritizes the safety of trains. D. It generates jobs for the locals. 【高频词汇积累】 1. ________ v. 滑动，滑行 2. ________ n. 迸发 3. ________ n. 一套，一揽子 4. ________ v. 应对，处理 5. ________ n. 转变，转换 6. ________ adv. 借此，凭此 7. ________ n. 剩余部分 8. ________ v. 提高，促进 9. ________ v. 发起，推出 10. ________ v. 提升，增强 11. ________ v. 促进，推动 12. ________ n. 担心/关心的事 13. ________ n. 方面 14. ________ v. 运行，操作 【派生(合成)词汇】 1. charge v. 给.....充电→________ n. 充电器，充电桩 2. generate v. 产生，创造→generative adj. 有生产力的→________adj. 再生(式)的 3. convention n. 传统→________adj. 传统的; 4. innovate v. 革新，创新→ innovation n. 新事物，新方法；革新，创新→________adj. 创新的; 5. direct v. 把……对准；管理，指导；给……指路；指引，引导→________ v. 重新使用，重新调配 6. efficient adj. 有效率的→________ n. 效率 7.create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造性的→________adv. 创造性地 8. claim v. 声称→reclaim v. 回收利用→________ adj. 回收的，再利用的 9. priority n. 优先事项，最重要的事；优先，优先权，重点→________ v. 优先考虑，优先处理 10. plug + in =plug-in adj. ________ 11. work + class = working-class adj. ________ 【熟词生义】 1.power v. ________________ 2.snake v. ________________ 3.fuel v. ________________ 【高频短语】 1. ________________(列车等)进站 2. ________________涌出 3. ________________开始处理 4. ________________整合，汇集 5. ________________尽自己的一份力 6. ________________给(电器等)接通电源/充电 7. ________________就……而言 8. ________________使成为可能 9. ________________为某人提供某物 10.in so far as ________________ 11.be redirected to ________________ 12.in this case ________________ 【长难句分析】 Sixteen stations of Barcelona's subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains' brakes(刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables(电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. 分析：本句为主从复合句，主句为：Sixteen stations of Barcelona's subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project；whereby引导________从句，修饰先行词MetroCharge project；定语从句中包含由while引导的两个________: snaking through cables为现在分词短语作方式状语，修饰谓语is sent。 翻译: 巴塞罗那地铁系统有16个车站参与了全新的MetroCharge项目，借助该项目，地铁列车刹车产生的能量会优先为列车和车站供电，剩余能量则顺着电缆蜿蜒输送到地面，为私家(电动)车的充电站供电。 Passage 2 (2025全国一卷 C， 议论文)While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty - six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it's time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 28.What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why the Rush? B. What's Next? C. Where to Stay? D. Who to Blame? 【高频词汇积累】 1. ________ n. 下降 2. ________ v. 使担忧 3. ________ n. 惊恐 4. ________ adj. 宜居的 5. ________ v. 意识到 6. ________ v. 使改变 【派生(合成)词汇】 1. destroy v. 摧毁→________ n. 破坏 2. improve v. 提高，改善→________ n. 改善 3. mobile adj. 移动的→________ n. 流动(性) 4. propose v. 建议→________ adj. 提议的 5. replace v. 取代→________ n. 取代 6. major v. 主修→________ n. 大多数 7. express +way =expressway n. ________________ 8.wide+ spread =widespread adj. ________________ 9. owner+ ship =ownership n. ________________ 【熟词生义】 1. champion 熟义：n. 冠军 文章义：v. ________ 【高频短语】 1. ________________在(有限空间里)塞进(大量的人) 2. ________________夺回 3. ________________(公开)要求 4. ________________给让路 5. ________________反击 6. ________________呼呼某人做某事 7. ________________快速通过 8. ________________考虑到 【长难句分析】 In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, the call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. 翻译：在他们的新书《出行之道: 如何夺回我们的街道并改变我们的生活》中，作者呼吁重新审视街道及其在我们生活中扮演的角色。 分析：本句主干是they call for a rethink； of our streets and the role they play in our lives是介词短语作 ________修饰rethink，其中they play in our lives是省略that /which的________，修饰role。 优题精练●专题实战通关 新闻报道 Passage 1 (2026届中央民族大学附属中学贵阳学校第二学期高三年级模拟英语试题)Bruce Campbell, a retired electrical engineer, wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new and practical living items. For about $22,000, he purchased a Greek airliner - a Boeing 727-400 that logged about 40,000 flights in its past. Before Campbell got his hands on this Boeing 727 and transformed it into the airplane home he lives in, this aircraft served as a transport to all kinds of destinations. A party, called Turbulence: a Dance Party for all ages, happened on August 31 with a guest of friends. The party, called Turbulence: a Dance Party for all ages, happened right on the floor. Guests who attended the party got the opportunity to take a look at the airplane home. Overall, they estimated around 14,000 Facebook users who were interested in what sounded like an incredible party. This talented engineer got another surprise and started his second airplane home during the beginning of 2018 on the Kyushu Island because he wanted it to serve as a safe place for the local community as well. Part of Bruce Campbell’s vision was to make an aircraft that doubles as a lifeboat in case tsunami (海啸) threats were issued. He wanted the coastal people to be afforded an airframe capable of surviving hundreds of years and the cruelest weather conditions to its sealed pressure technology. Campbell added the excitement that he received when he recycled airplanes and hoped that people would seriously consider waste after they get the chance to have his fantastic tour. He has posted on his website that it is his goal to inspire a great number of thousands of thought through to employ this remarkable resource. 1. What drew wide public attention to Campbell’s first transformed plane? A. Its high residential comfort level. B. Its remarkable transporting capacity. C. The incredibly long service life. D. The Facebook post of a party held on it. 2. What did Campbell think the second plane could serve as? A. A tsunami warning center. B. A meeting place for local community. C. A temporary shelter in disasters. D. An engineering workshop. 3. Why did Campbell transform the planes? A. To direct attention to housing problems. B. To satisfy his scientific curiosity. C. To advocate a greener life style. D. To call for participation in recycling. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. A former engineer turning retired planes into home. B. Recent trends of renaissance-themed decoration. C. A talented being designer receiving online fame. D. Diverse approaches for sustainable living. Passage 2 (26届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三上学期模拟预测英语试题)In India, when an elephant tramples crops or a leopard attacks livestock, or worse, a person, the fallout can be disastrous for families. It can also create the human-nature tension and ruin the harmony with each other that is crucial for protecting wildlife. This is why conservation biologist Krithi Karanth has spent years developing novel strategies to help people live alongside some of the world’s most dangerous animals. For that, she’s been named the 2026 Rolex National Geographic Explorer of the Year, an award for contributions to research and conservation among National Geographic Explorers. As CEO of the Bengaluru-based Centre for Wildlife Studies, Karanth faces a paradox(矛盾) that India, with 1.4 billion people, is also a stronghold for wildlife, home to approximately half of Asia’s elephants and roughly three-quarters of the planet’s wild tigers. Conserving those and other species, she says, requires not just saving habitat but also winning hearts and minds. Karanth has launched Wild Seve, a platform for users to request government compensation(补偿金) when wildlife damages crops, livestock, or property. With a simple toll-free call, victims ask the program’s trained field staff to document losses, then file claims and track cases as they’re processed by government officials. Wild Seve has helped some 17,000 families make up for economic losses, and reduced the likelihood of hunting as punishment. Reducing the bad outcomes is far from enough. She has also created a curriculum for schoolkids living near wildlife reserves, called Wild Shaale, designed to inspire curiosity about and respect for animals. Through games, storytelling, and art, the program explores why conflicts occur and how to respond safely. Wild Shaale is now taught in some 1,600 schools across India. “Krithi has sparked a movement of hope across India,” says National Geographic Society CEO Jill Tiefenthaler. “By combining science, education, and community partnership, she is redefining how people live in harmony with nature, and what conservation can achieve for communities and young people.” Next, Karanth wants to apply her ideas outside India, cultivating an international crop of environmental stewards — or even just empathetic neighbors. “Having a set of people who at least tolerate the presence of a large animal,” she says, “is a massive victory.” 5. What made Karanth the 2026 Rolex National Geographic Explorer of the Year? A. Stopping elephants destroying crops. B. Protecting people from dangerous animals. C. Participating in saving wildlife personally. D. Improving the bond between man and wildlife. 6. What paradox is Karanth faced with? A. Indians dislike living alongside wild animals. B. India is crowded with too many wild species. C. India lacks sufficient resources for its people. D. Indians and animals compete for living space. 7. Why did Karanth launch these conservation programs across India? A. To help people co-exist with wild animals. B. To free kids from the threat from animals. C. To inform farmers of the loss-claiming process. D. To convince people to establish wildlife reserves. 8. What is the key to success in Karanth’s conservation work? A. Having a global vision. B. Reforming education policies. C. Earning people’s support. D. Prioritizing human interests. Passage 3 (2026届湖南长沙市开物中学考前模拟英语试题)In a quiet corner of Oxford University’s Bodleian Library, a robotic arm flips through a 15th-century manuscript, its high-resolution cameras capturing every faded ink stroke. This is ARCHiVE (Automated Robotic Cultural Heritage Inspection and Verification Engine), a £2.3 million project revolutionizing how fragile artifacts are preserved and studied. Combining robotics, artificial intelligence, and advanced imaging, ARCHiVE represents a model shift in cultural conservation. Traditional conservation methods often risk damaging delicate materials. ARCHiVE’s robotic system, equipped with micro-sensors and AI algorithms, can detect cracks invisible to the human eye and predict structural weaknesses before they worsen. “It’s like having a doctor for ancient books,” explains Dr Emily Carter, lead conservator. Since its 2022 launch, ARCHiVE has scanned over 8,000 items, from Egyptian papyri to medieval maps, with 99.7% accuracy in damage assessment. Its non-invasive approach has reduced physical handling by 85%, significantly lowering the risk of accidental damage. The project’s digital twin technology creates exact virtual copies, allowing global access to restricted collections. During the 2023 Cairo Museum flood, ARCHiVE’s digital models enabled researchers to virtually “restore” water-damaged artifacts within hours. “We’re not just saving objects,” says Carter, “but we’re preserving humanity’s collective memory.” This technology has also democratized access, with over 50,000 digital artifacts now available to researchers and the public worldwide. However, some scholars argue that over-reliance on technology may distance researchers from hands-on experience. “You can’t smell history through a screen,” protests Prof James Whitaker, a traditionalist at Cambridge. Others worry about data ownership, as scanned artifacts become digital assets potentially controlled by tech corporations. A 2024 survey revealed that 62% of conservators fear losing control over digitized cultural heritage.    ARCHiVE’s next phase involves 4D scanning, capturing how materials change over time. Pilot tests on Viking ship timbers have already revealed previously unknown construction techniques. Meanwhile, UNESCO is developing global standards for digital heritage, ensuring these technological marvels serve humanity rather than corporate interests. As Carter reflects, “Our ancestors left us these treasures; our duty is to pass them forward — both physically and digitally.” 9. What is the main function of ARCHiVE’s robotic system? A. Repairing damaged artifacts. B. Creating virtual museum tours. C. Identifying and forecasting damage. D. Selling digital copies of artifacts. 10. How did ARCHiVE help during the Cairo Museum flood? A. By raising emergency funds online. B. By training local conservation staff. C. By physically moving artifacts to safety. D. By providing digital models for restoration. 11. What is Prof Whitaker’s main concern about ARCHiVE? A. Data ownership concerns. B. Loss of direct experience. C. High operating costs. D. Environmental impact. 12. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. ARCHiVE: Digital Guardians of the Past B. ARCHiVE and the Traditional-Digital Balance C. ARCHiVE: The Battle for Heritage Preservation D. AI in ARCHiVE: Ethical Dilemmas and Their Resolutions Passage 4 (2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测9英语试题)When a player on the other team makes a terrible mistake, most fans feel happy. But not every sports fan. In an NFL playoff game last season, the Baltimore Ravens were playing against the Buffalo Bills. With less than two minutes left, the Ravens scored a touchdown, making the score 27-25. If they could score another two points, they would tie the game. The Ravens quarterback threw the ball to tight end Mark Andrews near the goal line. But on the snowy field, Andrews slipped and dropped the ball. The Ravens lost, and their season was over. Most fans would have celebrated, but some Bills fans felt sympathy instead. They knew that Andrews has type 1 diabetes, a disease that requires constant care — he checks his blood sugar 30 times a day and uses an insulin(胰岛素) pump. Two young Bills fans, Ryan Patota and Nicholas Howard, decided to do something different. Instead of just enjoying their team’s win, they started a fundraising drive for Breakthrough T1D, a charity that supports diabetes research. Their goal was to raise $5,000. “We just want to spread love,” Patota said. “You hate the other team. You want your team to win. But we want to bring both fan bases together and say this is more than a game.” Word spread quickly. Donations poured in from Bills fans, then Ravens fans, and even fans of other NFL teams. Soon they had raised more than $146,000 — far beyond their original goal. Two weeks after the game, Andrews shared his feelings online. “I’m absolutely upset by what happened,” he wrote. “But despite the negativity, I’ve seen heartfelt love and encouragement, including from those who have donated to ‘Breakthrough T1D. ’ Patota says he’s still a loyal Bills fan, but now, he adds, “We’re definitely going to have a soft spot for the Ravens.” What started as a painful mistake on the field turned into something beautiful — fans from rival teams coming together to support a cause greater than the game itself. 13. What happened to Andrew in an NFL playoff game last season? A. He scored a decisive touchdown. B. He got injured and left the field. C. He stumbled and missed a key pass. D. He passed the ball to his opponent. 14. Why did Patota and Howard start the fundraising? A. To raise money for diabetes research. B. To cover Andrews’ medical expenses. C. To celebrate their team’s playoff victory. D. To gain more followers on Instagram. 15. What can be inferred about Mark Andrews? A. He felt ashamed of his past performance. B. He was grateful for the support he received. C. He was disappointed with his teammates. D. He felt hopeful about his future career. 16. Which could be a suitable title for the text? A. A Game-Changing Mistake B. From Competition to Generosity C. Lessons from a Playoff Loss D. Living with Type 1 Diabetes Passage 5 (2026年河南方城县第一高级中学高三下学期4月调研英语试题)American snowboarder Chloe Kim has added another impressive achievement to her legendary career. At the 2026 Winter Games in Italy, the 25-year-old won a silver medal in the women’s halfpipe, marking her third Olympic medal in a row. She is now the first female snowboarder to reach this achievement in the event, having previously won gold in 2018 and 2022. However, her journey to the medal stand was far from easy. Just weeks before the Games, Kim suffered a serious injury. In late January, she tore the labrum(盂唇) in her left shoulder during training. While she described the injury as “not necessarily painful,” it caused her shoulder to repeatedly come out of place. With less than a month until the Olympics, surgery — the only way to fully repair the injury — was not an option. “You just have to keep putting it back in,” she explained. Determined to compete, Kim chose to push through. She wore a shoulder brace (支具) that greatly restricted her movement. “I wasn’t able to raise my arm and I couldn’t move my arm much at all,” she shared. The injury forced her to relearn many of her tricks, since most required using her arms. With only eight days before the final, Kim had to adapt quickly. “I kind of had to figure all that out in eight days,” she said. “The eighth day was the night of the final.” Her hard work paid off. Despite the physical challenges, Kim delivered a performance good enough for silver. Reflecting on her journey, she said, “I’m so proud of the girls. We killed it.” She also credited her support system — family, friends, and her boyfriend, Cleveland Browns player Myles Garrett — for keeping her grounded. “They reminded me why I’m here,” she added. Looking ahead, Kim plans to have surgery for her shoulder. As for competing in the 2030 Winter Games in the French Alps, she’s taking it one step at a time. “I’m not thinking about anything right now,” she admitted. 17. What do we know about Chloe Kim’s injury? A. It was caused by a car accident. B. It was cured through a simple operation. C. It made her shoulder dislocate easily. D. It brought her terrible physical pain. 18. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Kim’s difficulty in daily life. B. Kim’s preparation for the final. C. Kim’s ways to treat the injury. D. Kim’s new snowboarding tricks. 19. How does Kim feel about Myles Garrett? A. Grateful. B. Proud. C. Envious. D. Disappointed. 20. What can we learn from Kim’s story? A. Pride goes before a fall. B. Every cloud has a silver lining. C. A friend in need is a friend indeed. D. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. Passage 6 (2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测英语试题)Near Vihaan and Nav Agarwal’s home, a big garbage dump(垃圾场) caved in, releasing poisonous chemicals into the surrounding streets, which caused a fire to erupt. Following this event, Vihaan and Nav decided to take action to improve their city’s waste collection to ultimately improve their own health and that of their neighbors. Vihaan struggled with a persistent cough and shortness of breath. He knew his symptoms would not likely improve until his local community improved its waste management solutions. In 2018, at ages 14 and 11, respectively, the brothers created a home recycling program called One Step Greener that managed recycling for 15 households within their community. Their goal: prevent toxic chemical waste from seeping(渗透) into the environment and creating dangerous health conditions for residents. At first, the boys felt empowered by taking the action of separating waste into distinct categories. When local officials then informed them that the local garbage collection crew would not pick up their separated bags, they felt momentarily defeated, but persisted in their efforts. The boys then created a neighborhood coalition to create a unified recycling program, which 15 households took part in. Local authorities adjusted their stance, and the recycling program spread throughout the community with a growing number of households starting to participate. “The main issue in waste management is that everybody thinks it’s not their job, or if the waste is out of their house, it’s out of their mind,” Vihaan said. Vihaan and Nav’s program grew from managing 15 households to 3,000 throughout 14 Indian cities. The program offers families involved free door-to-door dry waste pickups. The separated waste is then delivered to warehouses where it is further divided to ensure proper recycling. Newspapers are separated from A4 printing paper, PET plastic from polypropylene, and computer screens from keyboards. One Step Greener’s goal reads, “One Step Greener’s mission is to transform environmental action into everyday practice by mobilizing youth, building green communities, and designing scalable solutions in waste management, afforestation, and education — starting at the grassroots, and growing toward systems change.” “It’s an old saying, but collective effort does actually make a difference,” said Vihaan. 21. What inspired Vihaan and Nav to start One Step Greener? A. The locals’ waste collection failure. B. A project on waste management. C. A landfill collapse near their home. D. The city’s campaign for recycling. 22. What was local authorities’ attitude to the program after the neighborhood’s participation? A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Dismissive. D. Approving. 23. What did One Step Greener do for the participating households? A. It picked up dry waste for free. B. It educated them online about recycling. C. It delivered newspapers to them. D. It paid them for their recyclable materials. 24. What does Vihaan and Nav’s program show? A. Better late than never. B. Teamwork makes the dream work. C. Knowledge is power. D. Actions speak louder than words. 议论文 Passage 1 (2025-2026学年广东名校联盟高三7月质量水平测试英语试卷)There has been an explosion of interest in ‘creative AI’, but does this mean that artists will be replaced by machines? No, definitely not, says Anne Ploin, Oxford Internet Institute researcher and one of the team behind today’s report on the potential impact of machine learning (ML) on creative work. Although it was 2022, it is still valuable now. Ploin states machine learning has become a tool for artists, but will never substitute them. Mx Ploin emphasizes human agency in creativity is irreplaceable: while AI can automate parts of creation like generating multiple image versions, current AI cannot replicate the core creative decision-making that makes real art. Artistic creativity relies on personal choices, life experience, social and political context, and human emotion — elements data-driven AI can never copy, as life experience cannot be translated into data for now. AI models lack autonomy and cannot launch new artistic movements independently; they only produce unexpected variations of existing works. According to Mx Ploin, ‘We interviewed 14 experts who work in the creative arts, including media and fine artists whose work centred around generative ML techniques. We also talked to curators and researchers in this field. This allowed us to develop a fuller understanding of the implications of AI — ranging from automation to complementarity — in a domain at the heart of human experience: creativity.’ They found a range of responses to the use of machine learning and AI. New activities required by using ML models involved both continuity with previous creative processes and rupture from past practices. There were major changes around the generative process, the evolving ways ML outputs were conceptualised, and artists’ embodied experiences of their practice. And, says the researcher, the use of ML models was a “step change” from past tools, according to many artists. While the machine learning models could help produce ‘surprising variations of existing images’, practitioners felt the artist remained irreplaceable... in making artworks. But, she maintains, while the machine learning models could help produce ‘surprising variations of existing images’, practitioners felt the artist remained irreplaceable in terms of giving images artistic context and intention — that is, in making artworks. Ultimately, most agreed that despite the increased affordances of ML technologies, the relationship between artists and their media remained essentially unchanged, as artists ultimately work to address human — rather than technical — questions. Don’t let it put you off going to art school. We need more artists. But, says Mx Ploin, 1. How did the writer start the essay? A. By raising a controversial crisis B. By asking a rhetorical question C. By stating an unusual opinion D. By creating an abnormal suspense 2. Why is Ploin’s 2022 study still valuable? A. Highlights AI as step change B. Notes AI’s image variations C. Draws on real art practitioners D. Stresses artistic intention alone 3. What is the artists’ core conflict? A. AI assistance vs human artistry B. AI variation vs human art context C. AI upgrade vs creation logic D. AI output vs human art intention 4. What ability should art students develop according to the text? A. Equipped with proper AI skills B. Cultivate art skills to solve academic issue C. Keep human creative essence D. Combine AI with artistic creation rationally Passage 2 (2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测)While the term “flood” commonly brings to mind images of rushing water or overflowing riverbanks, providing a formal definition of the phenomenon proves surprisingly challenging. A widely cited definition is provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which characterizes a flood as “the overflowing of normal confines of a stream or water body”. However, this definition is problematic. Specifically, it presupposes a clear understanding of “normal”, yet what counts as normal depends on value-based choices: the timescale, location and rarity threshold(稀有度阈值). For instance, a knee-deep pool in a wetland might be normal, but the same water in a street could be called a flood. To address this problem, a two-tier framework is proposed. At the first level, physical floods are defined. These are pools or water fluxes beyond a rarity threshold that is set based on values (e.g., an event with a return period of one hundred years). Even this step already involves human judgment, because someone has to decide what counts as “rare enough”. At the second level, anthropocentric floods (human-centered floods) are defined. These are physical floods judged as desirable or undesirable based on personal or social values. A flood that enriches soil may be seen as good by a farmer but bad by a resident who is forced to move away. This reliance on values creates interventional ambiguity: when values conflict, it becomes unclear whether to intervene. For example, protecting human life suggests action, while economic concerns may delay it. Recognizing this ambiguity helps explain why some flood-prone areas see no engineered solutions despite apparent risk. In conclusion, it is argued that floods cannot be defined on the basis of physics alone. Value judgments — assessments of how things ought to be — are inescapable. The framework aims to make these hidden choices explicit, fostering clearer communication and better decisions. 5. Why is the IPCC’s definition unsatisfactory? A. It only covers overflowing water. B. It uses wrong rarity measuring ways. C. It fails to explain different water cases. D. It ignores subjective factors in standards. 6. What is TRUE about the two-tier framework? A. Anthropocentric floods are more objective. B. Physical floods involve no human judgment. C. The rarity threshold is set by personal values. D. A flood must be rare to be judged good or bad. 7. The underlined term “interventional ambiguity” most likely refers to __________. A. hesitation to act due to value conflicts B. confusion over which areas are at risk C. disagreement between farmers and residents D. difficulty in deciding how rare a flood must be 8. Which is the best title for the passage? A. What Defines a Flood B. Why “Normal” Is Hard to Define C. Why Flood Definitions Cause Troubles D. How Physical Science Explains Floods Passage 3 (2026届山东省九五高中协作体高考最后一卷英语试题)For a long time, the ideal form of academic writing has been a formal and impersonal style. This tradition, which comes from the scientific method, tries to present knowledge as objective truth, discovered through neutral and repeatable steps. By using phrases like “the study found” instead of “I found”, and passive sentences like “it was observed”, the individual writer steps back. The goal is to create a space where ideas are judged only on their logic and supporting evidence, without the possible bias of personal opinion. However, this approach has faced strong criticism in recent years. Critics say that the impersonal style creates a false sense of pure objectivity. They point out that all research involves basic choices, which are always influenced by the researcher’s background, personal views, and cultural setting. The traditional way, by making writers hide behind third-person writing, can accidentally hide these influences, making it harder for readers to question the basic ideas behind the work. In response, a movement supporting a more “real” or “personal” academic voice has become popular. Scholars are advised to use “I” carefully and to openly talk about their connection to their topic. A sentence like “My experiences as a teacher led me to focus on this classroom situation” is now seen not as a weakness, but as intellectual honesty. Supporters believe this openness recognizes the human side of research and can make difficult ideas easier to connect with and more interesting, without losing accuracy. Traditionalists argue that this change confuses style with real content. They support formal, exact language and special terms as necessary tools for clear communication among experts. Their main worry is that focusing on storytelling and personal voice might let well-written papers cover up weak evidence or poor methods. The main purpose of academic writing, they say, is to present arguments and proof clearly; trying new styles should never hide that basic goal. This debate shows a deeper difference in thinking about what knowledge really is. Should it be shown as a cold, built structure, or can it be seen as a more human, interpretive effort? In the end, the future of academic writing might not be about one single style, but about developing a more flexible and thoughtful approach. Writers might choose different voices-distant or personal-depending on who will read it, what field they are in, and what they aim to do, while always remembering the final goal of being clear, exact, and truthful. 9. What is the main advantage of impersonal style in traditional academic writing? A. It clearly highlights the writer’s personal view. B. It makes ideas judged on logic and evidence. C. It helps the public understand research easily. D. It matches the format of top published papers. 10. Which of the following can be the idea of the critics? A. Objectivity in academic research does not exist at all. B. Personal voice should be avoided to ensure objectivity. C. The impersonal style hides subjective factors in research. D. Writing styles matter much more than strong evidence. 11. What is the author’s attitude toward the current debate on academic writing? A. Hopeful of flexible styles still valuing academic accuracy. B. Skeptical of personal voice harming scholarly integrity. C. Annoyed by debate distracting from research methods. D. Optimistic about traditional style dominating science. 12. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Publishing Research in Simple Steps B. Adapting Academic Voice for Truth C. Seeking More Personal Stories in Science D. Avoiding Bias in Academic Essays Passage 4 (2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测6英语试题)Imagine standing in front of a supermarket shelf with 40 types of jam. You might think more choices would make you happier, but research suggests otherwise. The “Paradox of Choice” is a fascinating concept that has interested sociologists for decades. On the surface, more options seem to offer more freedom and satisfaction. We live in an age when the vast abundance of choices, from streaming services to online shopping, should, in theory, make our lives better. However, research has shown that this overwhelming variety can lead to “decision paralysis,” where we get stuck with so many options that we can hardly make up our minds. In fact, an abundance of choices can reduce overall satisfaction with our decisions. Psychologist Barry Schwartz explains that people who are presented with too many options tend to become “maximizers” — individuals who keep trying to find the best choice. They compare every feature, price, and possibility, often fearing that they might miss out on a better option. This leads to a state of constant regret, even before the decision is made, as they worry about what they might have overlooked. In contrast, “satisfiers” look for something that meets their basic needs and are generally happier with their outcomes. They don’t need the best option; they just need one that works for them. They are content with their choices because they aren’t paralyzed by the possibility of making the wrong one. While maximizers are trapped in endless comparison, satisfiers are content because they aren’t paralyzed by the fear of making the wrong choice. Social media has made this paradox even worse by acting as a “never-ending comparison machine.” We no longer just compare ourselves to our neighbors, but we compare our lives to edited, idealized versions of other people’s lives around the world. This constant exposure to better alternatives only increases the sense of discontent with our own decisions. To address this, some experts recommend voluntary limitation. By consciously limiting our choices, whether it’s through a minimalist wardrobe(衣柜) or a simplified diet, we can reduce unnecessary mental pressure that stops us from deciding easily. The goal is not to have less, but to free up space for what truly matters to us. By intentionally narrowing our options, we can make more room for meaningful experiences. 13. What is the author’s attitude to diverse choices? A. Critical. B. Enthusiastic. C. Dismissive. D. Defensive. 14. What is a typical behavior of a “satisfier”? A. Making quick decisions naturally. B. Feeling satisfied with every choice. C. Seeking the perfect option constantly. D. Caring much about online comparisons. 15. What role does social media play in the paradox of choice? A. It helps people find better deals online. B. It simplifies the decision-making process. C. It provides a realistic view of others’ lives. D. It fuels dissatisfaction with one’s own choices. 16. What does “voluntary limitation” imply in the last paragraph? A. A lack of digital resources. B. A loss of personal freedom. C. A strategic reduction of choices. D. A temporary break from technology. Passage 5 (2026山东实验中学高考考前模拟测试)After a recent negative car rental experience, I found myself going down a familiar rabbit hole, scrolling(滚屏) through online reviews of the company. The experience was over, yet I kept reading complaint after complaint from strangers. But I’m not the only one who does this. Why do we look up reviews for a hotel we’ve already stayed at, a movie we’ve watched, or even a doctor we’ve visited? If we’re no longer gathering information to guide our decision-making, what are we looking for? On the face of it, it seems pointless, but this common habit actually reveals how we interpret our experiences, especially the disappointing ones. People often experience inner conflict after making a decision. This can be something small, like ordering food or buying a book, or far more significant choices, like picking a career, or choosing a life partner. It is known as post-decision dissonance(不协调) — the psychological discomfort we feel after choosing between multiple options. Once a decision is made, the alternatives don’t simply disappear. Instead, they remain in our minds, along with the unsettling thought that another option might have been better. That discomfort is what sends us searching. In fact, this feeling isn’t limited to purchases. It can arise anytime we commit to one path and close off others. After my disappointing car rental experience, I wasn’t looking for information to help me decide. That moment had passed. Instead, I simply wanted to understand what had already happened, and convince myself I hadn’t made a foolish decision. Reading negative reviews from others with similar experiences helped shift my version of the story: maybe the problem wasn’t just me. Maybe the rental company was truly awful. Once we’ve had an experience, good or bad, we’re no longer gathering information. We’re trying to find peace within ourselves. It’s not about reviews but about gaining a sense of identity, and emotional closure for what we’ve been through. 17. Why does the author mention his car rental experience in paragraph 1? A. To complain about the poor service. B. To warn readers against rental traps. C. To introduce a common human habit. D. To show the effect of negative reviews. 18. What can we learn about post-decision dissonance? A. It appears in most decisions in life. B. It causes unease after making a choice. C. It reminds people to solve inner conflict. D. It pushes people to weigh multiple options. 19. What makes people seek relevant comments after making a decision? A. The fear of missing better alternatives. B. The curiosity about others’ feelings. C. The desire to discover more possibilities. D. The need to learn from past experiences. 20. What does the author think of post-experience review reading? A. It confirms personal identity. B. It offers convincing excuses. C. It provides practical guidance. D. It serves emotional purposes. Passage 6 (2026山东九五高中协作体高考最后一卷)When Anthropic announced a new artificial intelligence feature to help users perform legal tasks, it led to massive panic. Investors cut billions of dollars off tech shares, fearing a future called the “SaaSapocalypse”. Many worried that AI models would expunge the need for traditional software-as-a-service traders. Investors assumed companies would simply ask AI to carry out tasks or write custom software rather than buying expensive programs from established companies. However, experts argue this end-of-the-world view is completely overblown. History shows that new technology rarely destroys existing industries so simply. For example, the rise of desktop publishing in the 1990s led to frightening predictions about the death of commercial print shops. Instead, the technology lowered barriers to entry, actually causing the number of print shops to reach peak levels. Similarly, as AI makes writing code(代码) easier, it might not destroy software traders but rather bring about rapid growth in specialized software companies. Furthermore, economic theories regarding whether a company should “buy or build” remain relevant. For common work like accounting or human resources, businesses will likely find it much more efficient to continue purchasing from established traders. These companies possess secure systems, top designers, and strict repair plans that most other businesses cannot easily match. While employees might use AI to create small productivity tools, using it to build important systems from the ground up is considered extremely risky. Finally, the shift will likely be very gradual. History shows that companies adopt new technologies slowly to minimize potential problems. Rather than entirely replacing purchased software with in-house code, businesses will likely rely on existing traders who integrate AI capabilities directly into their current platforms. As one expert noted, asking people to use AI to code a vital payroll system is like changing tires on a moving car. Therefore, rather than eating the software industry, AI is far more likely to feed its future growth. 21. What does the underlined word “expunge” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Keep up with. B. Do away with. C. Look forward to. D. Lead up to. 22. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The death of commercial printing. B. The growth in specialized software. C. Historical evidence against the panic. D. Terrible predictions about technologies. 23. Why will companies continue buying standard operations software? A. Transition is a speedy process. B. History minimizes potential problems. C. AI creates small productivity tools. D. Seasoned traders offer reliable systems. 24. What can be the best title for the text? A. Feeding the Software Industry, Not Eating It. B. Building Corporate Systems, Not Buying Them. C. The Desktop Scare: How Print Shops Would Die. D. The SaaS Panic: How AI Threatens Software Companies. 12 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 清单04 阅读理解之议论文+新闻报道 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02 考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 简述 知识点1. 演绎论证议论文； 知识点2. 归纳论证议论文； 知识点3. 新闻报道； 考点二 解题技巧 知识点1. 事实细节题 ①对According to...类题型的考查。 ②对涉及疑问词类型试题的考查。 知识点2. 词义猜测题 知识点3. 推理判断题 ①结论推断题。 ②写作意图题和作者态度题。 知识点4.主旨大意题 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研●知能分层突破 一. 简述 1. 议论文的题材多样化、知识化，它包括社会科学的多个领域，涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面，以及和自然科学交叉的学科，体现以人为本的特点。 2.演绎论证议论文：注意文章的开篇，因为文章的开篇是文章的主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓住了作者的观点，从而把握了文章的中心思想。 3. 归纳论证议论文：注意文章的尾段，因为尾段是对前面所举事例和分论点的归纳和概括。 4. 抓论点、寻论据。阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把握了中心。 5. 作为新闻类文章的灵魂，语篇导读为我们提供了丰富的解题线索。我们不能错过任何一个细节，重点甄别who、what、when、where、why、how六要素，了解新闻的主要内容。新闻报道类阅读理解题目设置灵活多样，通常以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，兼顾猜测词义、句意题及目的意图题和主旨大意题。标题是对新闻报道中心思想所作的高度而又精辟的概括，是命题者考虑设题的重点。 二. 解题技巧 (一) 事实细节题 议论文中设计的事实细节题一般较简单,多数情况下是直接信息题,往往以what, which, who, when, where, how many/much等方式提问。考查新闻事件的六要素，题型主要为细节题。 1. 对According to...类题型的考查。 　　这类题常由According to the passage或According to the ...paragraph等引导,考生只需在原文中找到和题干相同的关键词语和表达方式,确定相同的内容,就能找到答案。 2. 对涉及疑问词类型试题的考查。 　　作者为了阐明中心思想而列举的例证,所申诉的理由,所提出的论点,其阐述过程会涉及who, what, which, when, where, why, how和how much, how many, how often等,只要留意上述细节内容,就会直接获得这一类型试题的答案。 (二)词义猜测题 议论文的生词较多,因此,出现词义猜测题是理所当然的。这类题不仅考查学生的语言知识水平,还考查学生的语言应用能力和综合素质水平。这种试题常以“The underlined word “...” in paragraph ... probably means ______.”或“What is the meaning of the underlined word... in paragraph ...?”等来设问。 注意: 词义猜测离不开特定的语境和上下文的意思。同学们可以利用一些猜词技巧如同义、近义、反义、释义等方法来解题。 (三)推理判断题 在议论文阅读理解题中出现频率最高、难度最大的是推理判断题。常见的推理判断题主要考查写作目的、作者态度、结论推断和出处推断等。这种试题常以What can be inferred / learned from the passage? What can we infer from the paragraph? What is the purpose of the text? What was the writer’s attitude toward ...?等形式来设问。 1.结论推断题。 　在议论文中常会有结论推断题,这类题属于总括理解性题。文章中没有直接发表观点,要求考生根据文章所提供的事实推断出其结论或所蕴含的道理。另外,问题针对的不一定是全文或作者本人的观点,也可能是针对文章某一处或某一细节。 2.写作意图题和作者态度题。 议论文的写作目的比较明确,答题时关键在于把握句、段之间的逻辑关系,切忌以自己的观点代替作者的观点;在夹叙夹议的文章中,议论部分往往蕴含着作者的写作意图,比较容易找到答案。在判断作者观点态度时,一定要注意有些文章作者的语气和态度没有明确显示,但文章中总会有几处关键性的词或句子流露出作者的语气和态度;有时候作者先介绍某一观点,而在文末又提出相反的观点,答题时要判断作者的真正观点或态度,必须着眼于整篇文章。新闻报道考查对新闻事件的观点，题型主要为观点推断题。 (四)主旨大意题 主旨大意题是议论文常考题型之一。它通常涉及概括全文大意、段落大意和选择标题。这类试题常以What does the text mainly tell us? What would be the best title for the text? What does the second/third ...paragraph discuss?等来设问。 文章的主旨是通过段落来表达的,而段落大意主要由主题句来体现。尤其在议论文中,主题句通常在一个段落(篇)的开头,其后的句子则是论证性的细节。因此,识别各段落的主题句并由此归纳出文章的中心思想是解答主旨大意题的关键。做题时,常用略读法,快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句。把各个段落的主题句联系起来并着眼于全文结构安排,了解了文章的重心,自然就能概括出文章的中心 四、高考典题分析 Passage 1 (2026全国二卷 D， 新闻报道) The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes(刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables(电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. “I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better.” Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate(加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency. 32. Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A. To fuel the city’s economy. B. To enhance passengers’ experience. C. To promote green transportation. D. To raise the quality of electric cars. 33. What is Espinoza’s concern? A. How to cut his travel expenses. B. Where to get a parking space. C. How to avoid rush-hour traffic. D. Where to find a charging point. 34. What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5? A. Their operating conditions. B. Their conventional standard. C. Their potential risks. D. Their working mechanism. 35. What did Luna say about the system? A. It uses reclaimed energy creatively. B. It improves workers’ efficiency. C. It prioritizes the safety of trains. D. It generates jobs for the locals. 【答案】32．C 33．D 34．D 35．A 【语篇导读】文章主要介绍了巴塞罗那推出的地铁能量回收项目，利用列车刹车余能为电车充电桩供电，实现绿色交通与能源高效利用。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.(巴塞罗那整合了一整套清洁能源技术，助力公共交通走向绿色环保，同时为应对气候变化出力，并助力欧洲艰难转向私人电动汽车市场。)”可知，该项目目的是推广绿色交通。 33．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. (埃斯皮诺萨在巴塞罗那南部一处工人街区搭乘地铁前说道：“我又惊喜又开心，我总在四处找地方给车充电。”)”可知，埃斯皮诺萨一直发愁找不到充电桩。 34．段落大意题。根据第五段中的“They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers.(它们由一个电动机构成，该电动机会收集刹车动作中产生的能量——这些能量在传统刹车系统中会以热量的形式散失掉。这些能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者在巴塞罗那地铁系统的情况下，通过电缆输送，为车站或电动汽车充电桩供电。)”可知，本段介绍了再生刹车的工作原理。 35．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. (电气工程教授阿尔瓦罗・卢纳表示，这套系统颇具创新性，原因在于它能将回收的电能重新调配，用于当地特定用途——本案例中就是为停在附近的电动汽车供电。)”可知，卢纳认为该系统创新性地利用了回收能源。 【高频词汇积累】 1. ________ v. 滑动，滑行 2. ________ n. 迸发 3. ________ n. 一套，一揽子 4. ________ v. 应对，处理 5. ________ n. 转变，转换 6. ________ adv. 借此，凭此 7. ________ n. 剩余部分 8. ________ v. 提高，促进 9. ________ v. 发起，推出 10. ________ v. 提升，增强 11. ________ v. 促进，推动 12. ________ n. 担心/关心的事 13. ________ n. 方面 14. ________ v. 运行，操作 【答案】 1.slide 2.burst 3.package 4.tackle 5.shift 6.whereby 7.remainder 8.boost 9.launch 10.enhance 11.promote 12.concern 13.aspect 14.operate 【派生(合成)词汇】 1. charge v. 给.....充电→________ n. 充电器，充电桩 2. generate v. 产生，创造→generative adj. 有生产力的→________adj. 再生(式)的 3. convention n. 传统→________adj. 传统的; 4. innovate v. 革新，创新→ innovation n. 新事物，新方法；革新，创新→________adj. 创新的; 5. direct v. 把……对准；管理，指导；给……指路；指引，引导→________ v. 重新使用，重新调配 6. efficient adj. 有效率的→________ n. 效率 7.create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造性的→________adv. 创造性地 8. claim v. 声称→reclaim v. 回收利用→________ adj. 回收的，再利用的 9. priority n. 优先事项，最重要的事；优先，优先权，重点→________ v. 优先考虑，优先处理 10. plug + in =plug-in adj. ________ 11. work + class = working-class adj. ________ 【答案】 1. charger 2. regenerative 3. conventional 4. innovative 5. redirect 6. efficiency 7. creatively 8. reclaimed 9. prioritize 10. 插电的，插入式的 11. 工人阶级的，工薪阶层的 【熟词生义】 1.power v. ________________ 2.snake v. ________________ 3.fuel v. ________________ 【答案】1. 为......提供供动力，驱动 2. 蜿蜒伸展 3. 刺激，促进 【高频短语】 1. ________________(列车等)进站 2. ________________涌出 3. ________________开始处理 4. ________________整合，汇集 5. ________________尽自己的一份力 6. ________________给(电器等)接通电源/充电 7. ________________就……而言 8. ________________使成为可能 9. ________________为某人提供某物 10.in so far as ________________ 11.be redirected to ________________ 12.in this case ________________ 【答案】 1. pull into 2. pour out 3. go about 4. put together 5. do one's part 6. plug in 7. in the case of 8.allow for 9. supply sth. for sb. 10.在......范围，到......程度 11.被重新调配到 12.在这种情况下 【长难句分析】 Sixteen stations of Barcelona's subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains' brakes(刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables(电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. 分析：本句为主从复合句，主句为：Sixteen stations of Barcelona's subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project；whereby引导________从句，修饰先行词MetroCharge project；定语从句中包含由while引导的两个________: snaking through cables为现在分词短语作方式状语，修饰谓语is sent。 翻译: 巴塞罗那地铁系统有16个车站参与了全新的MetroCharge项目，借助该项目，地铁列车刹车产生的能量会优先为列车和车站供电，剩余能量则顺着电缆蜿蜒输送到地面，为私家(电动)车的充电站供电。 【答案】非限制定语; 并列分句 Passage 2 (2025全国一卷 C， 议论文)While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty - six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it's time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 28.What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why the Rush? B. What's Next? C. Where to Stay? D. Who to Blame? 【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31.A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文，通过引述荷兰作者的新书《出行之道》，批评了城市街道设计过度服务汽车、忽视行人尤其是儿童出行安全的问题，呼呼人们重新思考街道的功能，建设适宜居民生活的城市环境。 28. C事实细节题。根据第一段中declines in pedestrian mobility especially among young children、too much traffic on the roads、they pack them into the car instead可知，街道上的车流量很大，步行的人数少了，家长因为担心孩子上学时的出行安全，只得选择开车接送孩子。所以本段描述的是人们放弃步行，选择开车的现象。 29. A 事实细节题。第三段先呈现了城市街道规划的现状:社区为道路交通网让步。接着引出了加拿大记者Jane Jacobs对此现象的抗议。根据Jane Jacobs的行为called on her mayor to champion "New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through."可知，她反对修建高速公路是为了让城市变得宜居，livable是a decent place to live 的同义替换。 30. B 推理判断题。第三段最后一句指出，20世纪60和70年代澳大利亚也发生了抗议“城市规划优先道路而牺牲社区”的活动。第四段描述了尽管这些抗议活动的范围广泛，但根据the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car、The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly、the highest rate of car ownership可知，西方国家城市规划仍关注汽车出行的需求，尤其是澳大利亚汽车数量多，由此可以推断城市规划仍以道路为中心，故这些抗议收效甚微。 31. A 主旨大意题。首段引出当今的交通现象，行人少了，汽车多了，引出速度快但安全堪忧的汽车出行方式。第二段提出两位作家对这种现象的思考。第三、四段介绍反对“因修建道路而牺牲社区”的抗议活动及其结果城市规划仍以汽车的需求为中心，追求快速的出行方式。最后一段呼应第一段做出总结，不能因为追求速度而放弃安全，应重新思考街道的意义。所以，文章整体在批判城市规划中过度追求快速的交通而忽略安全、宜居的生活环境，A项Why the Rush? 以反问形式点明主旨。 【高频词汇积累】 1. ________ n. 下降 2. ________ v. 使担忧 3. ________ n. 惊恐 4. ________ adj. 宜居的 5. ________ v. 意识到 6. ________ v. 使改变 【答案】1.decline 2.bother 3.alarm 4.decent 5. recognize 6. transform 【派生(合成)词汇】 1. destroy v. 摧毁→________ n. 破坏 2. improve v. 提高，改善→________ n. 改善 3. mobile adj. 移动的→________ n. 流动(性) 4. propose v. 建议→________ adj. 提议的 5. replace v. 取代→________ n. 取代 6. major v. 主修→________ n. 大多数 7. express +way =expressway n. ________________ 8.wide+ spread =widespread adj. ________________ 9. owner+ ship =ownership n. ________________ 【答案】 1. destruction 2. improvement 3. mobility 4. proposed 5. replacement 6. major 7. 高速公路 8.广泛的 9. 所有权 【熟词生义】 1. champion 熟义：n. 冠军 文章义：v. ________ 【答案】捍卫 【高频短语】 1. ________________在(有限空间里)塞进(大量的人) 2. ________________夺回 3. ________________(公开)要求 4. ________________给让路 5. ________________反击 6. ________________呼呼某人做某事 7. ________________快速通过 8. ________________考虑到 【答案】 1. pack sb. into sth. 2. take back 3. call for 4. make way for 5. fight back 6. call on sb. to do sth. 7. rush through 8. account for 【长难句分析】 In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, the call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. 翻译：在他们的新书《出行之道: 如何夺回我们的街道并改变我们的生活》中，作者呼吁重新审视街道及其在我们生活中扮演的角色。 分析：本句主干是they call for a rethink； of our streets and the role they play in our lives是介词短语作 ________修饰rethink，其中they play in our lives是省略that /which的________，修饰role。 【答案】后置定语; 定语从句 优题精练●专题实战通关 新闻报道 Passage 1 (2026届中央民族大学附属中学贵阳学校第二学期高三年级模拟英语试题)Bruce Campbell, a retired electrical engineer, wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new and practical living items. For about $22,000, he purchased a Greek airliner - a Boeing 727-400 that logged about 40,000 flights in its past. Before Campbell got his hands on this Boeing 727 and transformed it into the airplane home he lives in, this aircraft served as a transport to all kinds of destinations. A party, called Turbulence: a Dance Party for all ages, happened on August 31 with a guest of friends. The party, called Turbulence: a Dance Party for all ages, happened right on the floor. Guests who attended the party got the opportunity to take a look at the airplane home. Overall, they estimated around 14,000 Facebook users who were interested in what sounded like an incredible party. This talented engineer got another surprise and started his second airplane home during the beginning of 2018 on the Kyushu Island because he wanted it to serve as a safe place for the local community as well. Part of Bruce Campbell’s vision was to make an aircraft that doubles as a lifeboat in case tsunami (海啸) threats were issued. He wanted the coastal people to be afforded an airframe capable of surviving hundreds of years and the cruelest weather conditions to its sealed pressure technology. Campbell added the excitement that he received when he recycled airplanes and hoped that people would seriously consider waste after they get the chance to have his fantastic tour. He has posted on his website that it is his goal to inspire a great number of thousands of thought through to employ this remarkable resource. 1. What drew wide public attention to Campbell’s first transformed plane? A. Its high residential comfort level. B. Its remarkable transporting capacity. C. The incredibly long service life. D. The Facebook post of a party held on it. 2. What did Campbell think the second plane could serve as? A. A tsunami warning center. B. A meeting place for local community. C. A temporary shelter in disasters. D. An engineering workshop. 3. Why did Campbell transform the planes? A. To direct attention to housing problems. B. To satisfy his scientific curiosity. C. To advocate a greener life style. D. To call for participation in recycling. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. A former engineer turning retired planes into home. B. Recent trends of renaissance-themed decoration. C. A talented being designer receiving online fame. D. Diverse approaches for sustainable living. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. A 【语篇导读】文章主要讲述退休工程师改造旧客机作住宅，并打造防灾社区避难所，倡导回收再利用。 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The party, called Turbulence: a Dance Party for all ages, happened on August 31 with a guest of friends. The party, called Turbulence: a Dance Party for all ages, happened right on the floor. Guests who attended the party got the opportunity to take a look at the airplane home. Overall, they estimated around 14,000 Facebook users who were interested in what sounded like an incredible party.(8月31日，这里举办了一场名为《湍流：全年龄舞蹈派对》的活动，到场宾客络绎不绝。这场派对就在飞机屋内举办，到场宾客得以参观这座飞机住宅。据统计，大约有1.4万名脸书用户对这场听起来十分精彩的派对产生了兴趣。)”可知，在飞机屋内举办派对并发布到脸书，让第一架改造飞机获得大众关注。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“This talented engineer got another surprise and started his second airplane home during the beginning of 2018 on the Kyushu Island because he wanted it to serve as a safe place for the local community as well. Part of Bruce Campbell’s vision was to make an aircraft that doubles as a lifeboat in case tsunami (海啸) threats were issued.(这位极具巧思的工程师又有了新惊喜，2018年初他在九州岛着手打造第二座飞机住宅，同时希望它能成为当地社区的安全避险点。布鲁斯・坎贝尔的设想之一是打造一架可充当海啸救生舱的飞机：一旦发布海啸预警，它就能派上用场。)”可知，第二架飞机可作为灾难发生时的临时避难场所。 3. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Bruce Campbell, a retired electrical engineer, wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new and practical living items.(退休电气工程师布鲁斯・坎贝尔希望向人们展示如何把旧物改造成实用生活用品，以此改变人类的行为习惯。)”和最后一段“Campbell added the excitement that he received when he recycled airplanes and hoped that people would seriously consider waste after they get the chance to have his fantastic tour. He has posted on his website that it is his goal to inspire a great number of thousands of thought through to employ this remarkable resource.(坎贝尔补充说，他在回收飞机时感受到了兴奋，并希望人们在有机会参观他的奇妙改造后能认真思考废物利用的问题。他在网站上写道，他的目标是激发成千上万的人去思考如何利用这一非凡的资源。)”可知，他改造飞机是为号召大家参与物品回收再利用。 4. 主旨大意题。全文围绕退休工程师布鲁斯・坎贝尔展开，介绍他把废旧客机改造成住宅，还打造第二架飞机用作社区防灾避难所，推广回收理念。A 选项“一名前工程师将退役飞机改造成住宅”精准概括全文核心内容。 Passage 2 (26届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三上学期模拟预测英语试题)In India, when an elephant tramples crops or a leopard attacks livestock, or worse, a person, the fallout can be disastrous for families. It can also create the human-nature tension and ruin the harmony with each other that is crucial for protecting wildlife. This is why conservation biologist Krithi Karanth has spent years developing novel strategies to help people live alongside some of the world’s most dangerous animals. For that, she’s been named the 2026 Rolex National Geographic Explorer of the Year, an award for contributions to research and conservation among National Geographic Explorers. As CEO of the Bengaluru-based Centre for Wildlife Studies, Karanth faces a paradox(矛盾) that India, with 1.4 billion people, is also a stronghold for wildlife, home to approximately half of Asia’s elephants and roughly three-quarters of the planet’s wild tigers. Conserving those and other species, she says, requires not just saving habitat but also winning hearts and minds. Karanth has launched Wild Seve, a platform for users to request government compensation(补偿金) when wildlife damages crops, livestock, or property. With a simple toll-free call, victims ask the program’s trained field staff to document losses, then file claims and track cases as they’re processed by government officials. Wild Seve has helped some 17,000 families make up for economic losses, and reduced the likelihood of hunting as punishment. Reducing the bad outcomes is far from enough. She has also created a curriculum for schoolkids living near wildlife reserves, called Wild Shaale, designed to inspire curiosity about and respect for animals. Through games, storytelling, and art, the program explores why conflicts occur and how to respond safely. Wild Shaale is now taught in some 1,600 schools across India. “Krithi has sparked a movement of hope across India,” says National Geographic Society CEO Jill Tiefenthaler. “By combining science, education, and community partnership, she is redefining how people live in harmony with nature, and what conservation can achieve for communities and young people.” Next, Karanth wants to apply her ideas outside India, cultivating an international crop of environmental stewards — or even just empathetic neighbors. “Having a set of people who at least tolerate the presence of a large animal,” she says, “is a massive victory.” 5. What made Karanth the 2026 Rolex National Geographic Explorer of the Year? A. Stopping elephants destroying crops. B. Protecting people from dangerous animals. C. Participating in saving wildlife personally. D. Improving the bond between man and wildlife. 6. What paradox is Karanth faced with? A. Indians dislike living alongside wild animals. B. India is crowded with too many wild species. C. India lacks sufficient resources for its people. D. Indians and animals compete for living space. 7. Why did Karanth launch these conservation programs across India? A. To help people co-exist with wild animals. B. To free kids from the threat from animals. C. To inform farmers of the loss-claiming process. D. To convince people to establish wildlife reserves. 8. What is the key to success in Karanth’s conservation work? A. Having a global vision. B. Reforming education policies. C. Earning people’s support. D. Prioritizing human interests. 【答案】5. D 6. D 7. A 8. C 【语篇导读】主要介绍环保学者克里西·卡朗特推出多项举措缓解人兽冲突，促进人与野生动物和谐共处，并斩获年度探险家奖项。 5. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This is why conservation biologist Krithi Karanth has spent years developing novel strategies to help people live alongside some of the world’s most dangerous animals. For that, she’s been named the 2026 Rolex National Geographic Explorer of the Year, an award for contributions to research and conservation among National Geographic Explorers. (这就是保护生物学家克里西·卡朗耗费多年制定全新策略、帮助人类与世界上一些最危险动物共同生活的原因。为此，她被授予2026年劳力士国家地理年度探险家称号，这是一项表彰国家地理探险家在研究与保护领域所作贡献的奖项。)”可知，卡朗特改善了人类与野生动物之间的关系，因此获此奖项。 6. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As CEO of the Bengaluru-based Centre for Wildlife Studies, Karanth faces a paradox(矛盾) that India, with 1.4 billion people, is also a stronghold for wildlife, home to approximately half of Asia’s elephants and roughly three-quarters of the planet’s wild tigers. (作为总部位于班加罗尔的野生动物研究中心首席执行官，卡朗面临一个矛盾：拥有 14 亿人口的印度同时也是野生动物的重要栖息地，这里生活着大约亚洲半数的大象以及全球约四分之三的野生老虎。)”可知，印度人口众多、野生动物数量庞大，人和动物争夺生存空间，这就是她面临的矛盾。 7. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“This is why conservation biologist Krithi Karanth has spent years developing novel strategies to help people live alongside some of the world’s most dangerous animals. (这就是保护生物学家克里西·卡朗特多年来制定新方案，帮助人类与世界上一些最危险动物共存的原因。)”以及第三、四段分别介绍补偿平台、校园野生动物课程可知，她推出各类保护项目的目的是帮助人类与野生动物共存。 8. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Conserving those and other species, she says, requires not just saving habitat but also winning hearts and minds. (她说，保护这些及其他物种，不仅需要保护栖息地，还要赢得民众的认同与支持。)”可知，获得民众的支持是她保护工作取得成功的关键。 Passage 3 (2026届湖南长沙市开物中学考前模拟英语试题)In a quiet corner of Oxford University’s Bodleian Library, a robotic arm flips through a 15th-century manuscript, its high-resolution cameras capturing every faded ink stroke. This is ARCHiVE (Automated Robotic Cultural Heritage Inspection and Verification Engine), a £2.3 million project revolutionizing how fragile artifacts are preserved and studied. Combining robotics, artificial intelligence, and advanced imaging, ARCHiVE represents a model shift in cultural conservation. Traditional conservation methods often risk damaging delicate materials. ARCHiVE’s robotic system, equipped with micro-sensors and AI algorithms, can detect cracks invisible to the human eye and predict structural weaknesses before they worsen. “It’s like having a doctor for ancient books,” explains Dr Emily Carter, lead conservator. Since its 2022 launch, ARCHiVE has scanned over 8,000 items, from Egyptian papyri to medieval maps, with 99.7% accuracy in damage assessment. Its non-invasive approach has reduced physical handling by 85%, significantly lowering the risk of accidental damage. The project’s digital twin technology creates exact virtual copies, allowing global access to restricted collections. During the 2023 Cairo Museum flood, ARCHiVE’s digital models enabled researchers to virtually “restore” water-damaged artifacts within hours. “We’re not just saving objects,” says Carter, “but we’re preserving humanity’s collective memory.” This technology has also democratized access, with over 50,000 digital artifacts now available to researchers and the public worldwide. However, some scholars argue that over-reliance on technology may distance researchers from hands-on experience. “You can’t smell history through a screen,” protests Prof James Whitaker, a traditionalist at Cambridge. Others worry about data ownership, as scanned artifacts become digital assets potentially controlled by tech corporations. A 2024 survey revealed that 62% of conservators fear losing control over digitized cultural heritage.    ARCHiVE’s next phase involves 4D scanning, capturing how materials change over time. Pilot tests on Viking ship timbers have already revealed previously unknown construction techniques. Meanwhile, UNESCO is developing global standards for digital heritage, ensuring these technological marvels serve humanity rather than corporate interests. As Carter reflects, “Our ancestors left us these treasures; our duty is to pass them forward — both physically and digitally.” 9. What is the main function of ARCHiVE’s robotic system? A. Repairing damaged artifacts. B. Creating virtual museum tours. C. Identifying and forecasting damage. D. Selling digital copies of artifacts. 10. How did ARCHiVE help during the Cairo Museum flood? A. By raising emergency funds online. B. By training local conservation staff. C. By physically moving artifacts to safety. D. By providing digital models for restoration. 11. What is Prof Whitaker’s main concern about ARCHiVE? A. Data ownership concerns. B. Loss of direct experience. C. High operating costs. D. Environmental impact. 12. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. ARCHiVE: Digital Guardians of the Past B. ARCHiVE and the Traditional-Digital Balance C. ARCHiVE: The Battle for Heritage Preservation D. AI in ARCHiVE: Ethical Dilemmas and Their Resolutions 【答案】9. C 10. D 11. B 12. A 【语篇导读】本文介绍了牛津大学研发的文物保护系统ARCHiVE，该系统结合机器人与人工智能技术保护珍贵文物、创建数字档案，极大推动了文物保护发展，同时也提及该技术引发的部分争议以及未来的发展规划。 9. 细节理解题。根据第二段“ARCHiVE’s robotic system, equipped with micro-sensors and AI algorithms, can detect cracks invisible to the human eye and predict structural weaknesses before they worsen.(ARCHiVE机器人系统配备微型传感器和人工智能算法，能够检测出人眼无法看到的裂缝，并在结构隐患恶化前提前预判)”可知，该机器人系统的主要功能是识别并预判文物损伤。 10. 细节理解题。根据第三段“During the 2023 Cairo Museum flood, ARCHiVE’s digital models enabled researchers to virtually “restore” water-damaged artifacts within hours.(在2023年开罗博物馆洪水期间，ARCHiVE的数字模型使研究人员能够在数小时内几乎“恢复”水损坏的文物)”可知，该系统通过提供数字模型助力文物修复。 11. 细节理解题。根据第四段“However, some scholars argue that over-reliance on technology may distance researchers from hands-on experience. “You can’t smell history through a screen,” protests Prof James Whitaker.(然而，一些学者认为，过度依赖技术可能会使研究人员远离实践经验。詹姆斯·惠特克教授抗议道：“你无法通过屏幕闻到历史的味道。”)”可知，教授主要担忧人们会失去接触文物的直接体验。 12. 主旨大意题。全文核心围绕ARCHiVE展开，重点介绍其利用数字科技保护、传承人类历史文物的强大作用，虽提及少量争议，但仅为次要内容。A项“ARCHiVE：过往文明的数字守护者”精准概括文章主旨，适合用作标题。 Passage 4 (2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测9英语试题)When a player on the other team makes a terrible mistake, most fans feel happy. But not every sports fan. In an NFL playoff game last season, the Baltimore Ravens were playing against the Buffalo Bills. With less than two minutes left, the Ravens scored a touchdown, making the score 27-25. If they could score another two points, they would tie the game. The Ravens quarterback threw the ball to tight end Mark Andrews near the goal line. But on the snowy field, Andrews slipped and dropped the ball. The Ravens lost, and their season was over. Most fans would have celebrated, but some Bills fans felt sympathy instead. They knew that Andrews has type 1 diabetes, a disease that requires constant care — he checks his blood sugar 30 times a day and uses an insulin(胰岛素) pump. Two young Bills fans, Ryan Patota and Nicholas Howard, decided to do something different. Instead of just enjoying their team’s win, they started a fundraising drive for Breakthrough T1D, a charity that supports diabetes research. Their goal was to raise $5,000. “We just want to spread love,” Patota said. “You hate the other team. You want your team to win. But we want to bring both fan bases together and say this is more than a game.” Word spread quickly. Donations poured in from Bills fans, then Ravens fans, and even fans of other NFL teams. Soon they had raised more than $146,000 — far beyond their original goal. Two weeks after the game, Andrews shared his feelings online. “I’m absolutely upset by what happened,” he wrote. “But despite the negativity, I’ve seen heartfelt love and encouragement, including from those who have donated to ‘Breakthrough T1D. ’ Patota says he’s still a loyal Bills fan, but now, he adds, “We’re definitely going to have a soft spot for the Ravens.” What started as a painful mistake on the field turned into something beautiful — fans from rival teams coming together to support a cause greater than the game itself. 13. What happened to Andrew in an NFL playoff game last season? A. He scored a decisive touchdown. B. He got injured and left the field. C. He stumbled and missed a key pass. D. He passed the ball to his opponent. 14. Why did Patota and Howard start the fundraising? A. To raise money for diabetes research. B. To cover Andrews’ medical expenses. C. To celebrate their team’s playoff victory. D. To gain more followers on Instagram. 15. What can be inferred about Mark Andrews? A. He felt ashamed of his past performance. B. He was grateful for the support he received. C. He was disappointed with his teammates. D. He felt hopeful about his future career. 16. Which could be a suitable title for the text? A. A Game-Changing Mistake B. From Competition to Generosity C. Lessons from a Playoff Loss D. Living with Type 1 Diabetes 【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. B 【语篇导读】本文主要讲的是一场NFL季后赛中，比尔队球迷没有因对手乌鸦队球员因1型糖尿病发作而失误输球而幸灾乐祸，反而自发为糖尿病研究慈善机构发起筹款，最终将一场赛场上的对立转化为两队球迷联合行善的暖心故事。 13. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The Ravens quarterback threw the ball to tight end Mark Andrews near the goal line. But on the snowy field, Andrews slipped and dropped the ball.(乌鸦队的四分卫将球传给了近端锋Mark Andrews，后者在球门线附近接球。但在雪地场上，Andrews滑倒并丢掉了球。)”可知，上赛季在一场美国职业橄榄球联盟的季后赛中，Andrews失足摔倒，错过了关键传球。 14. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead of just enjoying their team’s win, they started a fundraising drive for Breakthrough T1D, a charity that supports diabetes research. Their goal was to raise $5,000.(他们没有沉浸在球队获胜的喜悦中，而是为支持糖尿病研究的慈善机构“突破T1D”发起了一场募捐活动。他们的目标是筹集5000美元。)”可知，Patota和Howard发起筹款活动是为了筹集资金用于糖尿病研究。 15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““But despite the negativity, I’ve seen heartfelt love and encouragement, including from those who have donated to ‘Breakthrough T1D.’ Patota says he’s still a loyal Bills fan, but now, he adds, “We’re definitely going to have a soft spot for the Ravens.”(“但在这些负面情绪之外，我看到了发自内心的关爱与鼓励，包括那些为‘突破T1D’捐款的人们。”Patota表示自己仍是比尔队的忠实球迷，但他补充道：“我们现在肯定会为乌鸦队保留一份特别的好感。”)”可知，Mark Andrews感激所得到的支持。 16. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第三段“Instead of just enjoying their team’s win, they started a fundraising drive for Breakthrough T1D, a charity that supports diabetes research. Their goal was to raise $5,000.(他们没有沉浸在球队获胜的喜悦中，而是为支持糖尿病研究的慈善机构“突破T1D”发起了一场募捐活动。他们的目标是筹集5000美元。)”和倒数第二段“You want your team to win. But we want to bring both fan bases together and say this is more than a game.(你们想让自己的球队赢。但我们想把两队的球迷聚在一起，告诉大家这不仅仅是一场比赛。)”可推知，本文主要讲的是一场NFL季后赛中，比尔队球迷没有因对手乌鸦队球员因1型糖尿病发作而失误输球而幸灾乐祸，反而自发为糖尿病研究慈善机构发起筹款，最终将一场赛场上的对立转化为两队球迷联合行善的暖心故事，重在表达体育超越胜负、传递善意，B项“From Competition to Generosity(从竞争到慷慨)”契合主旨。 Passage 5 (2026年河南方城县第一高级中学高三下学期4月调研英语试题)American snowboarder Chloe Kim has added another impressive achievement to her legendary career. At the 2026 Winter Games in Italy, the 25-year-old won a silver medal in the women’s halfpipe, marking her third Olympic medal in a row. She is now the first female snowboarder to reach this achievement in the event, having previously won gold in 2018 and 2022. However, her journey to the medal stand was far from easy. Just weeks before the Games, Kim suffered a serious injury. In late January, she tore the labrum(盂唇) in her left shoulder during training. While she described the injury as “not necessarily painful,” it caused her shoulder to repeatedly come out of place. With less than a month until the Olympics, surgery — the only way to fully repair the injury — was not an option. “You just have to keep putting it back in,” she explained. Determined to compete, Kim chose to push through. She wore a shoulder brace (支具) that greatly restricted her movement. “I wasn’t able to raise my arm and I couldn’t move my arm much at all,” she shared. The injury forced her to relearn many of her tricks, since most required using her arms. With only eight days before the final, Kim had to adapt quickly. “I kind of had to figure all that out in eight days,” she said. “The eighth day was the night of the final.” Her hard work paid off. Despite the physical challenges, Kim delivered a performance good enough for silver. Reflecting on her journey, she said, “I’m so proud of the girls. We killed it.” She also credited her support system — family, friends, and her boyfriend, Cleveland Browns player Myles Garrett — for keeping her grounded. “They reminded me why I’m here,” she added. Looking ahead, Kim plans to have surgery for her shoulder. As for competing in the 2030 Winter Games in the French Alps, she’s taking it one step at a time. “I’m not thinking about anything right now,” she admitted. 17. What do we know about Chloe Kim’s injury? A. It was caused by a car accident. B. It was cured through a simple operation. C. It made her shoulder dislocate easily. D. It brought her terrible physical pain. 18. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Kim’s difficulty in daily life. B. Kim’s preparation for the final. C. Kim’s ways to treat the injury. D. Kim’s new snowboarding tricks. 19. How does Kim feel about Myles Garrett? A. Grateful. B. Proud. C. Envious. D. Disappointed. 20. What can we learn from Kim’s story? A. Pride goes before a fall. B. Every cloud has a silver lining. C. A friend in need is a friend indeed. D. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. 【答案】17. C 18. B 19. A 20. D 【语篇导读】本文讲述了美国单板滑雪名将Chloe Kim在赛前左肩重伤、无法接受手术治疗的困境下，克服身体障碍、紧急调整动作，最终斩获冬奥会银牌，连续三届收获奥运奖牌的励志故事，展现了她不畏艰难、坚持拼搏的精神。 17. 细节理解题。根据第二段“In late January, she tore the labrum(盂唇) in her left shoulder during training. While she described the injury as “not necessarily painful,” it caused her shoulder to repeatedly come out of place.(一月下旬，她在训练中左肩盂唇撕裂。虽说她称伤势并非十分疼痛，但这会导致肩膀反复脱臼。)”可知，Kim的肩部盂唇撕裂使她的肩膀容易脱臼。 18. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Determined to compete, Kim chose to push through. She wore a shoulder brace (支具) that greatly restricted her movement. “I wasn’t able to raise my arm and I couldn’t move my arm much at all,” she shared. The injury forced her to relearn many of her tricks, since most required using her arms. With only eight days before the final, Kim had to adapt quickly.(Kim决心参赛，选择咬牙坚持。她佩戴了肩部护具，这极大地限制了活动幅度。她坦言：“我抬不起胳膊，手臂几乎无法活动。” 由于大部分动作都需要借助手臂完成，伤势迫使她重新练习诸多技巧。距离决赛仅剩八天，金必须快速调整适应。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了她为决赛做的准备。 19. 推理判断题。根据第四段“She also credited her support system — family, friends, and her boyfriend, Cleveland Browns player Myles Garrett — for keeping her grounded.(她也坦言，家人、朋友以及男友——克利夫兰布朗队球员Myles Garrett——这些身边的支持者，让她始终心态沉稳、脚踏实地。)”可推断，Kim对男友Myles Garrett充满了感激之情。 20. 推理判断题。本文讲述了美国单板滑雪名将Chloe Kim在赛前左肩重伤、无法接受手术治疗的困境下，克服身体障碍、紧急调整动作，最终斩获冬奥会银牌，连续三届收获奥运奖牌的励志故事，展现了她不畏艰难、坚持拼搏的精神。由此可知，我们从Kim的故事中学到了“有志者事竟成”的道理。 Passage 6 (2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测英语试题)Near Vihaan and Nav Agarwal’s home, a big garbage dump(垃圾场) caved in, releasing poisonous chemicals into the surrounding streets, which caused a fire to erupt. Following this event, Vihaan and Nav decided to take action to improve their city’s waste collection to ultimately improve their own health and that of their neighbors. Vihaan struggled with a persistent cough and shortness of breath. He knew his symptoms would not likely improve until his local community improved its waste management solutions. In 2018, at ages 14 and 11, respectively, the brothers created a home recycling program called One Step Greener that managed recycling for 15 households within their community. Their goal: prevent toxic chemical waste from seeping(渗透) into the environment and creating dangerous health conditions for residents. At first, the boys felt empowered by taking the action of separating waste into distinct categories. When local officials then informed them that the local garbage collection crew would not pick up their separated bags, they felt momentarily defeated, but persisted in their efforts. The boys then created a neighborhood coalition to create a unified recycling program, which 15 households took part in. Local authorities adjusted their stance, and the recycling program spread throughout the community with a growing number of households starting to participate. “The main issue in waste management is that everybody thinks it’s not their job, or if the waste is out of their house, it’s out of their mind,” Vihaan said. Vihaan and Nav’s program grew from managing 15 households to 3,000 throughout 14 Indian cities. The program offers families involved free door-to-door dry waste pickups. The separated waste is then delivered to warehouses where it is further divided to ensure proper recycling. Newspapers are separated from A4 printing paper, PET plastic from polypropylene, and computer screens from keyboards. One Step Greener’s goal reads, “One Step Greener’s mission is to transform environmental action into everyday practice by mobilizing youth, building green communities, and designing scalable solutions in waste management, afforestation, and education — starting at the grassroots, and growing toward systems change.” “It’s an old saying, but collective effort does actually make a difference,” said Vihaan. 21. What inspired Vihaan and Nav to start One Step Greener? A. The locals’ waste collection failure. B. A project on waste management. C. A landfill collapse near their home. D. The city’s campaign for recycling. 22. What was local authorities’ attitude to the program after the neighborhood’s participation? A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Dismissive. D. Approving. 23. What did One Step Greener do for the participating households? A. It picked up dry waste for free. B. It educated them online about recycling. C. It delivered newspapers to them. D. It paid them for their recyclable materials. 24. What does Vihaan and Nav’s program show? A. Better late than never. B. Teamwork makes the dream work. C. Knowledge is power. D. Actions speak louder than words. 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 【语篇导读】文章主要讲述了印度兄弟创立环保项目改善垃圾回收。 21. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Near Vihaan and Nav Agarwal’s home, a big garbage dump caved in, releasing poisonous chemicals into the surrounding streets, which caused a fire to erupt. (在维汉和纳夫·阿加瓦尔家附近，一个大垃圾场塌陷了，有毒化学物质泄漏到周围的街道上，引发了一场大火)”和第二段中“Following this event, Vihaan and Nav decided to take action to improve their city’s waste collection(在这一事件之后，维汉和纳夫决定采取行动改善他们城市的废物收集)”可知，激发他们创立项目的原因是家附近的垃圾填埋场坍塌事故。 22. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Local authorities adjusted their stance, and the recycling program spread throughout the community with a growing number of households starting to participate. (当地当局调整了立场，随着越来越多的家庭开始参与，这个回收项目在整个社区推广开来)”可知，在社区参与后，当局调整了立场并支持项目的推广，态度是赞成的。 23. 细节理解题。根据第七段中“The program offers families involved free door-to-door dry waste pickups. (该项目为参与的家庭提供免费的干垃圾上门回收服务)”可知，项目为参与的家庭免费回收干垃圾。 24. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“One Step Greener’s goal reads, “One Step Greener’s mission is to transform environmental action into everyday practice by mobilizing youth, building green communities, and designing scalable solutions in waste management, afforestation, and education — starting at the grassroots, and growing toward systems change.”(“一步变绿”的目标宣言写道：“‘一步变绿’的使命是通过动员青年、建设绿色社区以及在废物管理、植树造林和教育领域设计可扩展的解决方案，将环保行动转化为日常实践——从基层做起，逐步推动系统变革。”)”以及最后一段““It’s an old saying, but collective effort does actually make a difference,” said Vihaan.(维汉表示：“这是一句老话，但集体的努力确实能带来改变。”)”可知，这个项目展示了团队协作的力量。 议论文 Passage 1 (2025-2026学年广东名校联盟高三7月质量水平测试英语试卷)There has been an explosion of interest in ‘creative AI’, but does this mean that artists will be replaced by machines? No, definitely not, says Anne Ploin, Oxford Internet Institute researcher and one of the team behind today’s report on the potential impact of machine learning (ML) on creative work. Although it was 2022, it is still valuable now. Ploin states machine learning has become a tool for artists, but will never substitute them. Mx Ploin emphasizes human agency in creativity is irreplaceable: while AI can automate parts of creation like generating multiple image versions, current AI cannot replicate the core creative decision-making that makes real art. Artistic creativity relies on personal choices, life experience, social and political context, and human emotion — elements data-driven AI can never copy, as life experience cannot be translated into data for now. AI models lack autonomy and cannot launch new artistic movements independently; they only produce unexpected variations of existing works. According to Mx Ploin, ‘We interviewed 14 experts who work in the creative arts, including media and fine artists whose work centred around generative ML techniques. We also talked to curators and researchers in this field. This allowed us to develop a fuller understanding of the implications of AI — ranging from automation to complementarity — in a domain at the heart of human experience: creativity.’ They found a range of responses to the use of machine learning and AI. New activities required by using ML models involved both continuity with previous creative processes and rupture from past practices. There were major changes around the generative process, the evolving ways ML outputs were conceptualised, and artists’ embodied experiences of their practice. And, says the researcher, the use of ML models was a “step change” from past tools, according to many artists. While the machine learning models could help produce ‘surprising variations of existing images’, practitioners felt the artist remained irreplaceable... in making artworks. But, she maintains, while the machine learning models could help produce ‘surprising variations of existing images’, practitioners felt the artist remained irreplaceable in terms of giving images artistic context and intention — that is, in making artworks. Ultimately, most agreed that despite the increased affordances of ML technologies, the relationship between artists and their media remained essentially unchanged, as artists ultimately work to address human — rather than technical — questions. Don’t let it put you off going to art school. We need more artists. But, says Mx Ploin, 1. How did the writer start the essay? A. By raising a controversial crisis B. By asking a rhetorical question C. By stating an unusual opinion D. By creating an abnormal suspense 2. Why is Ploin’s 2022 study still valuable? A. Highlights AI as step change B. Notes AI’s image variations C. Draws on real art practitioners D. Stresses artistic intention alone 3. What is the artists’ core conflict? A. AI assistance vs human artistry B. AI variation vs human art context C. AI upgrade vs creation logic D. AI output vs human art intention 4. What ability should art students develop according to the text? A. Equipped with proper AI skills B. Cultivate art skills to solve academic issue C. Keep human creative essence D. Combine AI with artistic creation rationally 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 【语篇导读】文章主要阐述AI只是创作工具，人类艺术家的核心创造力无法被人工智能取代。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“There has been an explosion of interest in ‘creative AI’, but does this mean that artists will be replaced by machines? No, definitely not, says Anne Ploin, Oxford Internet Institute researcher and one of the team behind today’s report on the potential impact of machine learning (ML) on creative work.(人们对“创意人工智能”的兴趣空前高涨，但这是否意味着艺术家会被机器取代？牛津互联网研究院的研究员安妮·普洛因给出了明确的否定答案，她也是这份聚焦机器学习对创意工作潜在影响的报告的核心团队成员之一。)”可知，文章开篇先提出设问，随后自行给出答案。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“According to Mx Ploin, ‘We interviewed 14 experts who work in the creative arts, including media and fine artists whose work centred around generative ML techniques. We also talked to curators and researchers in this field. This allowed us to develop a fuller understanding of the implications of AI — ranging from automation to complementarity — in a domain at the heart of human experience: creativity.’(普洛因表示：“我们采访了14位创意艺术领域的专家，其中包括一批主要运用生成式机器学习技术进行创作的媒体艺术家与美术创作者。我们也和该领域的策展人、研究人员展开了交流。这让我们能够更全面地理解人工智能在创造力这一人类核心体验领域产生的多重影响，其作用覆盖自动化创作到辅助互补等多个层面。”)”可知，这份2022年的研究基于大量真实艺术从业者的访谈调研，结论贴合行业实际，至今仍具备参考价值。 3. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Ploin states machine learning has become a tool for artists, but will never substitute them. (普洛因指出，机器学习如今已成为艺术家的创作工具，但永远无法取代艺术家本身。)”以及第五段中“While the machine learning models could help produce ‘surprising variations of existing images’, practitioners felt the artist remained irreplaceable...in making artworks. (尽管机器学习模型能够辅助生成“现有图像的出人意料的变体”，但艺术从业者们始终认为，在完成艺术创作这件事上，艺术家的核心地位是不可替代的。)”可知，全文核心探讨AI可辅助创作，但人类艺术天赋与核心创作能力不可替代，二者构成艺术家面对的核心矛盾：AI辅助与人本身的艺术创造力。 4. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Mx Ploin emphasizes human agency in creativity is irreplaceable: while AI can automate parts of creation like generating multiple image versions, current AI cannot replicate the core creative decision-making that makes real art.(普洛因强调，人类在创作中的主观能动性是不可替代的：尽管人工智能可以将部分创作环节自动化，比如生成多版图像，但当下的人工智能无法复刻出成就真正艺术的核心创作决策。)”和第五段中“While the machine learning models could help produce ‘surprising variations of existing images’, practitioners felt the artist remained irreplaceable... in making artworks. (尽管机器学习模型能够辅助生成“现有图像的出人意料的变体”，但艺术从业者们始终认为，在完成艺术创作这件事上，艺术家的核心地位是不可替代的。)”可知，艺术学习者最需要守住人类创作的核心本质，这是AI无法取代的核心能力。 Passage 2 (2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测)While the term “flood” commonly brings to mind images of rushing water or overflowing riverbanks, providing a formal definition of the phenomenon proves surprisingly challenging. A widely cited definition is provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which characterizes a flood as “the overflowing of normal confines of a stream or water body”. However, this definition is problematic. Specifically, it presupposes a clear understanding of “normal”, yet what counts as normal depends on value-based choices: the timescale, location and rarity threshold(稀有度阈值). For instance, a knee-deep pool in a wetland might be normal, but the same water in a street could be called a flood. To address this problem, a two-tier framework is proposed. At the first level, physical floods are defined. These are pools or water fluxes beyond a rarity threshold that is set based on values (e.g., an event with a return period of one hundred years). Even this step already involves human judgment, because someone has to decide what counts as “rare enough”. At the second level, anthropocentric floods (human-centered floods) are defined. These are physical floods judged as desirable or undesirable based on personal or social values. A flood that enriches soil may be seen as good by a farmer but bad by a resident who is forced to move away. This reliance on values creates interventional ambiguity: when values conflict, it becomes unclear whether to intervene. For example, protecting human life suggests action, while economic concerns may delay it. Recognizing this ambiguity helps explain why some flood-prone areas see no engineered solutions despite apparent risk. In conclusion, it is argued that floods cannot be defined on the basis of physics alone. Value judgments — assessments of how things ought to be — are inescapable. The framework aims to make these hidden choices explicit, fostering clearer communication and better decisions. 5. Why is the IPCC’s definition unsatisfactory? A. It only covers overflowing water. B. It uses wrong rarity measuring ways. C. It fails to explain different water cases. D. It ignores subjective factors in standards. 6. What is TRUE about the two-tier framework? A. Anthropocentric floods are more objective. B. Physical floods involve no human judgment. C. The rarity threshold is set by personal values. D. A flood must be rare to be judged good or bad. 7. The underlined term “interventional ambiguity” most likely refers to __________. A. hesitation to act due to value conflicts B. confusion over which areas are at risk C. disagreement between farmers and residents D. difficulty in deciding how rare a flood must be 8. Which is the best title for the passage? A. What Defines a Flood B. Why “Normal” Is Hard to Define C. Why Flood Definitions Cause Troubles D. How Physical Science Explains Floods 【答案】5. D 6. D 7. A 8. A 【语篇导读】文章主要讲述了洪水无法仅凭物理定义，需结合价值判断，并提出两层框架加以解释。 5. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Specifically, it presupposes a clear understanding of “normal”, yet what counts as normal depends on value-based choices: the timescale, location and rarity threshold(稀有度阈值). (具体来说，该定义预设了人们对“正常”有明确的理解，然而什么算作“正常”取决于基于价值的选择：即时间尺度、地理位置和稀有度阈值。)”及第三段中“Even this step already involves human judgment, because someone has to decide what counts as “rare enough”. (即使这一步也已经涉及了人为判断，因为必须有人来决定什么样的程度才算是“够罕见”。)”可知，IPCC的定义之所以不令人满意，是因为它忽略了标准中的主观因素。 6. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“At the first level, physical floods are defined. These are pools or water fluxes beyond a rarity threshold that is set based on values (e.g., an event with a return period of one hundred years). Even this step already involves human judgment, because someone has to decide what counts as “rare enough”. At the second level, anthropocentric floods (human-centered floods) are defined. These are physical floods judged as desirable or undesirable based on personal or social values. (在第一层级，定义了物理性洪水。这类洪水是指超过基于价值观设定的稀有度阈值(例如，重现期为百年一遇的事件)的水体或水流。即使这一步也已经涉及了人为判断，因为必须有人来决定什么样的程度才算是“够罕见”。在第二层级，定义了以人类为中心的洪水。这类洪水是指基于个人或社会价值观被判定为合意或不合意的物理性洪水。)”可知，一次洪水必须够罕见才能被评判好坏。 7. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“when values conflict, it becomes unclear whether to intervene. For example, protecting human life suggests action, while economic concerns may delay it. (当价值观发生冲突时，是否要进行干预就变得不明确了。例如，保护人命意味着应采取行动，而经济方面的顾虑则可能会拖延行动。)”可知，冒号之后是对画线短语的完整解释，价值观出现分歧时，人们无法确定要不要采取防洪干预行动，就会出现行动上的犹豫，由此可知，interventional ambiguity指因价值冲突而对是否行动产生犹豫。 8. 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“While the term “flood” commonly brings to mind images of rushing water or overflowing riverbanks, providing a formal definition of the phenomenon proves surprisingly challenging. (尽管“洪水”一词通常让人联想到奔涌的流水或漫溢的河岸这类景象，但要为这一现象提供一个正式的定义却出人意料地具有挑战性。)”可知，全文围绕洪水的定义展开：先指出IPCC定义的不足，再提出两层框架，最后强调物理定义不够，价值判断不可避免。A项“What Defines a Flood (什么定义了洪水)”最能概括文章内容，是文章的最佳标题。 Passage 3 (2026届山东省九五高中协作体高考最后一卷英语试题)For a long time, the ideal form of academic writing has been a formal and impersonal style. This tradition, which comes from the scientific method, tries to present knowledge as objective truth, discovered through neutral and repeatable steps. By using phrases like “the study found” instead of “I found”, and passive sentences like “it was observed”, the individual writer steps back. The goal is to create a space where ideas are judged only on their logic and supporting evidence, without the possible bias of personal opinion. However, this approach has faced strong criticism in recent years. Critics say that the impersonal style creates a false sense of pure objectivity. They point out that all research involves basic choices, which are always influenced by the researcher’s background, personal views, and cultural setting. The traditional way, by making writers hide behind third-person writing, can accidentally hide these influences, making it harder for readers to question the basic ideas behind the work. In response, a movement supporting a more “real” or “personal” academic voice has become popular. Scholars are advised to use “I” carefully and to openly talk about their connection to their topic. A sentence like “My experiences as a teacher led me to focus on this classroom situation” is now seen not as a weakness, but as intellectual honesty. Supporters believe this openness recognizes the human side of research and can make difficult ideas easier to connect with and more interesting, without losing accuracy. Traditionalists argue that this change confuses style with real content. They support formal, exact language and special terms as necessary tools for clear communication among experts. Their main worry is that focusing on storytelling and personal voice might let well-written papers cover up weak evidence or poor methods. The main purpose of academic writing, they say, is to present arguments and proof clearly; trying new styles should never hide that basic goal. This debate shows a deeper difference in thinking about what knowledge really is. Should it be shown as a cold, built structure, or can it be seen as a more human, interpretive effort? In the end, the future of academic writing might not be about one single style, but about developing a more flexible and thoughtful approach. Writers might choose different voices-distant or personal-depending on who will read it, what field they are in, and what they aim to do, while always remembering the final goal of being clear, exact, and truthful. 9. What is the main advantage of impersonal style in traditional academic writing? A. It clearly highlights the writer’s personal view. B. It makes ideas judged on logic and evidence. C. It helps the public understand research easily. D. It matches the format of top published papers. 10. Which of the following can be the idea of the critics? A. Objectivity in academic research does not exist at all. B. Personal voice should be avoided to ensure objectivity. C. The impersonal style hides subjective factors in research. D. Writing styles matter much more than strong evidence. 11. What is the author’s attitude toward the current debate on academic writing? A. Hopeful of flexible styles still valuing academic accuracy. B. Skeptical of personal voice harming scholarly integrity. C. Annoyed by debate distracting from research methods. D. Optimistic about traditional style dominating science. 12. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Publishing Research in Simple Steps B. Adapting Academic Voice for Truth C. Seeking More Personal Stories in Science D. Avoiding Bias in Academic Essays 【答案】9. B 10. C 11. A 12. B 【语篇导读】文章围绕学术写作的风格展开讨论，介绍了传统客观非人称写作风格的特点、外界对此风格的批评、支持个性化写作与坚守传统风格两方的不同观点，最后指出学术写作未来会走向灵活多变的风格，同时坚守清晰、准确、真实的核心目标。 9. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The goal is to create a space where ideas are judged only on their logic and supporting evidence, without the possible bias of personal opinion(其目标是创造一个空间，让观点仅根据其逻辑和支持证据来判断，而不受个人观点可能带来的偏见的影响)”可知，传统学术写作中非个人化风格的主要优势在于它创造了一个空间，让观点仅根据其逻辑和支持证据来判断。因此，非个人化风格使观点基于逻辑和证据进行评判。 10. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Critics say that the impersonal style creates a false sense of pure objectivity. They point out that all research involves basic choices, which are always influenced by the researcher’s background, personal views, and cultural setting. The traditional way, by making writers hide behind third-person writing, can accidentally hide these influences(批评者认为，非个人化风格制造了一种虚假的纯粹客观性。他们指出，所有研究都涉及基本选择，而这些选择总是受到研究者背景、个人观点和文化背景的影响。传统方式让作者躲在第三人称写作背后，可能会无意中隐藏这些影响)”可知，批评者认为非个人化风格制造了一种虚假的纯粹客观性，实际上所有研究都受到研究者背景、个人观点和文化背景的影响，而传统写作方式隐藏了这些主观因素的影响。 11. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the end, the future of academic writing might not be about one single style, but about developing a more flexible and thoughtful approach. Writers might choose different voices-distant or personal-depending on who will read it, what field they are in, and what they aim to do, while always remembering the final goal of being clear, exact, and truthful(最终，学术写作的未来可能不是关于单一风格，而是关于发展一种更灵活、更深思熟虑的方法。作者可能会根据读者对象、所在领域以及目标目的来选择不同的声音——疏离的或个人化的——同时始终牢记清晰、准确和真实这一最终目标)”可知，作者认为学术写作的未来可能不是单一风格，而是发展更灵活和深思熟虑的方法，可推理出作者力求形式灵活多变，同时坚守内容严谨准确。 12. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“This tradition, which comes from the scientific method, tries to present knowledge as objective truth, discovered through neutral and repeatable steps(这一源自科学方法的传统试图将知识呈现为客观真理，通过中立且可重复的步骤被发现)”、第三段“Supporters believe this openness recognizes the human side of research and can make difficult ideas easier to connect with and more interesting, without losing accuracy(支持者认为，这种开放性承认了研究中的人性面，可以使复杂的思想更容易产生共鸣且更有趣，同时不失准确性)”以及最后一段“Writers might choose different voices-distant or personal-depending on who will read it, what field they are in, and what they aim to do, while always remembering the final goal of being clear, exact, and truthful(作者可能会根据读者对象、所在领域以及目标目的来选择不同的声音——疏离的或个人化的——同时始终牢记清晰、准确和真实这一最终目标)”可知，文章全程探讨学术写作该使用客观正式风格还是个人化表达，最终提出要根据实际情况灵活 选择写作口吻，始终以求真为核心。所以最佳标题文“贴合学术语体，坚守内容本真”。 Passage 4 (2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测6英语试题)Imagine standing in front of a supermarket shelf with 40 types of jam. You might think more choices would make you happier, but research suggests otherwise. The “Paradox of Choice” is a fascinating concept that has interested sociologists for decades. On the surface, more options seem to offer more freedom and satisfaction. We live in an age when the vast abundance of choices, from streaming services to online shopping, should, in theory, make our lives better. However, research has shown that this overwhelming variety can lead to “decision paralysis,” where we get stuck with so many options that we can hardly make up our minds. In fact, an abundance of choices can reduce overall satisfaction with our decisions. Psychologist Barry Schwartz explains that people who are presented with too many options tend to become “maximizers” — individuals who keep trying to find the best choice. They compare every feature, price, and possibility, often fearing that they might miss out on a better option. This leads to a state of constant regret, even before the decision is made, as they worry about what they might have overlooked. In contrast, “satisfiers” look for something that meets their basic needs and are generally happier with their outcomes. They don’t need the best option; they just need one that works for them. They are content with their choices because they aren’t paralyzed by the possibility of making the wrong one. While maximizers are trapped in endless comparison, satisfiers are content because they aren’t paralyzed by the fear of making the wrong choice. Social media has made this paradox even worse by acting as a “never-ending comparison machine.” We no longer just compare ourselves to our neighbors, but we compare our lives to edited, idealized versions of other people’s lives around the world. This constant exposure to better alternatives only increases the sense of discontent with our own decisions. To address this, some experts recommend voluntary limitation. By consciously limiting our choices, whether it’s through a minimalist wardrobe(衣柜) or a simplified diet, we can reduce unnecessary mental pressure that stops us from deciding easily. The goal is not to have less, but to free up space for what truly matters to us. By intentionally narrowing our options, we can make more room for meaningful experiences. 13. What is the author’s attitude to diverse choices? A. Critical. B. Enthusiastic. C. Dismissive. D. Defensive. 14. What is a typical behavior of a “satisfier”? A. Making quick decisions naturally. B. Feeling satisfied with every choice. C. Seeking the perfect option constantly. D. Caring much about online comparisons. 15. What role does social media play in the paradox of choice? A. It helps people find better deals online. B. It simplifies the decision-making process. C. It provides a realistic view of others’ lives. D. It fuels dissatisfaction with one’s own choices. 16. What does “voluntary limitation” imply in the last paragraph? A. A lack of digital resources. B. A loss of personal freedom. C. A strategic reduction of choices. D. A temporary break from technology. 【答案】13. A 14. A 15. D 16. C 【语篇导读】文章介绍了选择悖论，指出过多选择非但不能提升幸福感，反而会引发决策瘫痪、降低决策满意度。 13. 推理判断题。根据第一段“You might think more choices would make you happier, but research suggests otherwise.(你或许以为选择越多就越幸福，但研究表明事实恰恰相反。)”和“In fact, an abundance of choices can reduce overall satisfaction with our decisions.(事实上，选择过多反而会降低我们做决定后的整体满意度。)”可知，作者对繁多选择的态度是批判的。 14. 推理判断题。根据第二段“In contrast, “satisfiers” look for something that meets their basic needs and are generally happier with their outcomes. They don’t need the best option; they just need one that works for them. They are content with their choices because they aren’t paralyzed by the possibility of making the wrong one.(与之相反，满足型决策者只挑选能满足自身基本需求的事物，往往对最终选择更满意。他们不必追求最优选项，只求合适可用即可。他们对自己的选择心怀知足，不会因担心选错而犹豫不决。)”可知，知足型决策者的典型做法是不会陷入选择瘫痪，自然快速做决定。 15. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Social media has made this paradox even worse by acting as a “never-ending comparison machine.”… This constant exposure to better alternatives only increases the sense of discontent with our own decisions.(社交媒体如同一台永不停歇的攀比机器，进一步加剧了这种悖论。……频繁目睹各类更优质的备选事物，只会不断加深人们对自身选择的不满。)”可知，社交媒体加剧人们对自身选择的不满。 16. 词句猜测题。根据下文“By consciously limiting our choices...intentionally narrowing our options, we can make more room for meaningful experiences.(通过有意识地精简选择……主动缩小可选范围，我们就能为有意义的人生体验留出更多空间。)”可知，专家建议有策略地缩减选择，由此可知，voluntary limitation意为“策略性精简选择”。 Passage 5 (2026山东实验中学高考考前模拟测试)After a recent negative car rental experience, I found myself going down a familiar rabbit hole, scrolling(滚屏) through online reviews of the company. The experience was over, yet I kept reading complaint after complaint from strangers. But I’m not the only one who does this. Why do we look up reviews for a hotel we’ve already stayed at, a movie we’ve watched, or even a doctor we’ve visited? If we’re no longer gathering information to guide our decision-making, what are we looking for? On the face of it, it seems pointless, but this common habit actually reveals how we interpret our experiences, especially the disappointing ones. People often experience inner conflict after making a decision. This can be something small, like ordering food or buying a book, or far more significant choices, like picking a career, or choosing a life partner. It is known as post-decision dissonance(不协调) — the psychological discomfort we feel after choosing between multiple options. Once a decision is made, the alternatives don’t simply disappear. Instead, they remain in our minds, along with the unsettling thought that another option might have been better. That discomfort is what sends us searching. In fact, this feeling isn’t limited to purchases. It can arise anytime we commit to one path and close off others. After my disappointing car rental experience, I wasn’t looking for information to help me decide. That moment had passed. Instead, I simply wanted to understand what had already happened, and convince myself I hadn’t made a foolish decision. Reading negative reviews from others with similar experiences helped shift my version of the story: maybe the problem wasn’t just me. Maybe the rental company was truly awful. Once we’ve had an experience, good or bad, we’re no longer gathering information. We’re trying to find peace within ourselves. It’s not about reviews but about gaining a sense of identity, and emotional closure for what we’ve been through. 17. Why does the author mention his car rental experience in paragraph 1? A. To complain about the poor service. B. To warn readers against rental traps. C. To introduce a common human habit. D. To show the effect of negative reviews. 18. What can we learn about post-decision dissonance? A. It appears in most decisions in life. B. It causes unease after making a choice. C. It reminds people to solve inner conflict. D. It pushes people to weigh multiple options. 19. What makes people seek relevant comments after making a decision? A. The fear of missing better alternatives. B. The curiosity about others’ feelings. C. The desire to discover more possibilities. D. The need to learn from past experiences. 20. What does the author think of post-experience review reading? A. It confirms personal identity. B. It offers convincing excuses. C. It provides practical guidance. D. It serves emotional purposes. 【答案】17. C 18. B 19. A 20. D 【语篇导读】文章讲述人们事后查阅评价的普遍习惯，解释该行为源于决策后心理失调，并说明其本质是为获得心理慰藉。 17. 推理判断题。根据第一段“But I’m not the only one who does this. Why do we look up reviews for a hotel we’ve already stayed at, a movie we’ve watched, or even a doctor we’ve visited? (但并不是只有我一个人会这样做。我们为什么会去查阅已经住过的酒店、看过的电影、甚至就诊过的医生的评价？)”可知，作者讲述租车经历是为了引出人们事后查阅评价的普遍习惯。 18. 细节理解题。根据第二段“It is known as post-decision dissonance — the psychological discomfort we feel after choosing between multiple options. (这被称为决策后失调——我们在多个选项中做出选择后所感受到的心理不适。)”可知，决策后失调会让人们做出选择后感到不安。 19. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead, they remain in our minds, along with the unsettling thought that another option might have been better. That discomfort is what sends us searching.(相反，这些备选方案会留在我们的脑海中，伴随着一种令人不安的想法：另一个选择或许会更好。正是这种不适感促使我们去搜寻相关评价)”可知，人们害怕错过更好的备选方案，因此会在做决定后搜寻相关评论。 20. 推理判断题。根据第四段“We’re trying to find peace within ourselves. It’s not about reviews but about gaining a sense of identity, and emotional closure for what we’ve been through. (我们是在寻求内心的平静。这与评价本身无关，而是为了获得自我认同，为自身经历完成情感收尾。)”可知，作者认为事后查阅评价是出于情感层面的需求。 Passage 6 (2026山东九五高中协作体高考最后一卷)When Anthropic announced a new artificial intelligence feature to help users perform legal tasks, it led to massive panic. Investors cut billions of dollars off tech shares, fearing a future called the “SaaSapocalypse”. Many worried that AI models would expunge the need for traditional software-as-a-service traders. Investors assumed companies would simply ask AI to carry out tasks or write custom software rather than buying expensive programs from established companies. However, experts argue this end-of-the-world view is completely overblown. History shows that new technology rarely destroys existing industries so simply. For example, the rise of desktop publishing in the 1990s led to frightening predictions about the death of commercial print shops. Instead, the technology lowered barriers to entry, actually causing the number of print shops to reach peak levels. Similarly, as AI makes writing code(代码) easier, it might not destroy software traders but rather bring about rapid growth in specialized software companies. Furthermore, economic theories regarding whether a company should “buy or build” remain relevant. For common work like accounting or human resources, businesses will likely find it much more efficient to continue purchasing from established traders. These companies possess secure systems, top designers, and strict repair plans that most other businesses cannot easily match. While employees might use AI to create small productivity tools, using it to build important systems from the ground up is considered extremely risky. Finally, the shift will likely be very gradual. History shows that companies adopt new technologies slowly to minimize potential problems. Rather than entirely replacing purchased software with in-house code, businesses will likely rely on existing traders who integrate AI capabilities directly into their current platforms. As one expert noted, asking people to use AI to code a vital payroll system is like changing tires on a moving car. Therefore, rather than eating the software industry, AI is far more likely to feed its future growth. 21. What does the underlined word “expunge” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Keep up with. B. Do away with. C. Look forward to. D. Lead up to. 22. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The death of commercial printing. B. The growth in specialized software. C. Historical evidence against the panic. D. Terrible predictions about technologies. 23. Why will companies continue buying standard operations software? A. Transition is a speedy process. B. History minimizes potential problems. C. AI creates small productivity tools. D. Seasoned traders offer reliable systems. 24. What can be the best title for the text? A. Feeding the Software Industry, Not Eating It. B. Building Corporate Systems, Not Buying Them. C. The Desktop Scare: How Print Shops Would Die. D. The SaaS Panic: How AI Threatens Software Companies. 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 【语篇导读】本文针对AI技术对软件行业可能造成冲击的恐慌情绪进行了理性分析和反驳。 21. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Many worried that AI models would expunge the need for traditional software-as-a-service traders. Investors assumed companies would simply ask AI to carry out tasks or write custom software rather than buying expensive programs from established companies. (许多人担心人工智能模型会expunge对传统软件即服务供应商的需求。投资者假设公司会简单地要求AI执行任务或编写定制软件，而不是从成熟公司购买昂贵的程序。)”可知，人们担心AI会消除对传统软件商的需求，所以划线单词expunge意为“消除、废除”，与do away with意思相近。 22. 主旨大意题。第二段首先指出“However, experts argue this end-of-the-world view is completely overblown (然而，专家认为这种末日观点完全夸大其词)”，随后以20世纪90年代桌面出版业的兴起为例，说明新技术并未摧毁商业印刷店，反而降低了准入门槛，使印刷店数量达到顶峰；又以AI使编写代码更容易为例，说明它可能不会摧毁软件供应商，反而会带来专业软件公司的快速增长。由此可知，整段通过历史证据反驳恐慌情绪。 23. 细节理解题。根据第三段“For common work like accounting or human resources, businesses will likely find it much more efficient to continue purchasing from established traders. These companies possess secure systems, top designers, and strict repair plans that most other businesses cannot easily match. (对于会计或人力资源等常见工作，企业可能会发现继续从老牌贸易商那里采购要高效得多。这些公司拥有安全的系统、顶级的设计师和严格的维修计划，这是大多数其他企业难以匹敌的。)”可知，公司会继续购买标准运营软件是因为经验丰富的贸易商提供可靠的系统。 24. 主旨大意题。全文围绕AI对软件行业的冲击展开，但核心论点是：AI不太可能摧毁软件行业，反而可能促进其未来增长。最后一段总结“Rather than eating the software industry, AI is far more likely to feed its future growth. (AI远更可能滋养软件行业的未来增长，而非吞噬它)”。所以，A项“Feeding the Software Industry, Not Eating It (滋养而非吞噬软件行业)”最能概括文章主旨。 29 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $