Unit5语法(which;that引导的限定性定语从句)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年仁爱科普版英语年级上册新课预习

该初中英语讲义通过分层讲解构建that/which限定性定语从句知识体系，从核心概念、基础结构到具体用法，以知识框架呈现“关系代词功能-主宾用法辨析-特殊规则”脉络，重点标注只能用that的6种必考情况和主宾成分判断等核心考点。 讲义亮点在于“口诀化方法指导”与“情境化分层练习”，如用“后直接跟动词，代词做主不能省”口诀突破主宾用法，设计句子改写（合并简单句为定语从句）和汉译英题型，培养语言运用和逻辑思维能力。基础题夯实语法规则，综合题提升语用能力，助力教师实施分层教学，支持学生自主复习。

Unit5 Love Mother Nature!语法讲解与练习 that/which限定性定语从句超详细讲解 一、语法核心概述 定语从句：修饰名词的从句，相当于“超长形容词”。 限定性定语从句：对前面名词（先行词）进行必须的、不可省略的限定修饰，去掉后主句意思不完整，无逗号隔开。 二、基础结构 结构：先行词+ that/which +从句（主语+谓语+其他） 先行词：被修饰的名词/代词（一定在从句前面） 关系代词 that/which 两大功能： 1. 连接功能：连接主句和从句 2. 成分功能：在从句中必须充当主语或宾语 三、which / that 精准用法超细讲解 1. which 的用法 只指代：事物/动物（不可以指代人） 可在从句中作主语、宾语 The forest which is full of trees is very beautiful.（作主语） The river which we protect is clean.（作宾语） 2. that 的用法（万能词） 可指代：人/事物/动物 可在从句中作主语、宾语 The birds that live in the forest are lovely. The people that protect nature are great. 四、核心考点：作主语 vs 作宾语（最大考点） 1. 关系代词作主语（绝对不能省略） 结构：先行词+ that/which +谓语动词…… 口诀：后直接跟动词，代词做主不能省 The tree which/that stands by the river is tall. 2. 关系代词作宾语（可以省略） 结构：先行词+ that/which +主+谓语…… 口诀：后跟主语代词，代词作宾可省略 The water (which/that) we drink is clean. 五、必考规则：只能用that，不能用which的6种情况 考点一：先行词被最高级修饰（the best/most…） 先行词前有 the best, the cleanest, the most beautiful等最高级修饰时，关系词只用that。 例句：This is the most beautiful park that I have ever visited. 翻译：这是我参观过的最美的公园。 考点二：先行词被序数词修饰（the first/last…） 先行词前有 the first, the second, the last, the next 等序数词修饰时，只用that。 例句：He is the first student that finished the difficult task. 翻译：他是第一个完成这项艰巨任务的学生。 补充例句：This is the last chance that you have. 翻译：这是你最后的机会。 考点三：先行词为/被不定代词修饰（all/everything等） 先行词本身是 all, everything, nothing, anything, much, little, few 等不定代词，或被其修饰时，只用that。 例句1（先行词是不定代词）：Everything that he said is true. 翻译：他说的所有话都是真的。 例句2（不定代词修饰先行词）：All the books that are on the shelf are mine. 翻译：书架上所有的书都是我的。 考点四：先行词被the only / the very修饰 先行词被the only（唯一的）,the very（恰恰、正是）修饰时，只用that。 例句1（the only）：This is the only way that can solve the problem. 翻译：这是能够解决这个问题的唯一方法。 例句2（the very）：He is the very person that we are looking for. 翻译：他正是我们正在找的那个人。 考点五：先行词既有人又有物 规则：当先行词同时包含人+物 时，只能用that，不用who/which。 例句：We talked about the teachers and schools that we remembered. 翻译：我们聊了我们记忆中的老师和学校。 易错提醒：❌ who/which we remembered（错误，无法同时指代人和物） 考点六：主句是Who/Which开头的特殊疑问句 规则：为避免句子重复啰嗦，主句以 Who/Which 开头时，定语从句只用that。 例句1（Who开头）：Who is the girl that is crying over there? 翻译：在那边哭的那个女孩是谁？ 例句2（Which开头）：Which is the pen that you bought yesterday? 翻译：哪一支是你昨天买的钢笔？ 六、只能用which，不能用that的情况（本单元不做要求,仅了解) 考点1：介词之后只能用 which（in/on/for which） 定语从句中，关系代词紧跟在介词（in/on/at/for/with等）后面时，只能用 which，绝对不能用that。 例句1（in which）：This is the room in which I lived last year. 翻译：这就是我去年住过的房间。 例句2（for which）：This is the reason for which he was late. 翻译：这就是他迟到的原因。 易错提醒：❌ in that / for that（完全错误，语法禁用） 补充说明：介词提前只用which；介词后置时，可用that/which，也可省略关系词。 例：This is the room (that/which) I lived in.（正确） 考点2：非限定性定语从句（有逗号）只能用 which 先行词与从句之间有逗号隔开（非限定性定语从句），起补充说明作用，只能用 which，禁止用that。 例句1（指代物品）：He bought a new bike, which cost him a lot of money. 翻译：他买了一辆新自行车，这花了他很多钱。 例句2（指代整件事）：He passed the exam, which surprised all of us. 翻译：他通过了考试，这让我们所有人都很惊讶。 易错提醒：❌ ..., that cost him a lot of money（逗号后绝对不用that） 核心总结：有介词、有逗号，一律只用which； 七、时态解题口诀（填空专用） 1. 关系代词作主语：从句谓语动词单复数跟随先行词 The flowers that bloom in spring are pretty.（复数先行词→复数谓语） The tree that stands there is old.（单数先行词→单数谓语） 【专项配套练习】 题型一：用所给单词的正确形式填空 (1-10用that/which；11-20用括号所给词的正确形式填空) 1.The river ______ runs through our village is very clean. 2.The trees ______ grow on the hill can protect our environment. 3.The animals ______ live in the forest need safe homes. 4.The wind ______ blows gently makes us feel comfortable. 5.All the things ______ are around us are part of nature. 6.The bird ______ sings every morning is very lovely. 7.The rubbish ______ people throw away pollutes the earth. 8.The water ______ we drink must be pure and clean. 9.The park ______ lies in the center of the city is beautiful. 10.The rules ______ protect nature are important for us. 11. The flower that ________ (bloom) in winter is very special. 12. The mountains which ________ (stand) in the north are high and great. 13. Every action that we ________ (do) can influence nature. 14. The sun that ________ (shine) bright gives us light and heat. 15. The forest which ________ (cover) the land can stop floods. 16. The birds that ________ (fly) in the sky are free and happy. 17. The clean air that we ________ (breathe) is a gift from nature. 18. The book that ________ (tell) stories about nature is popular. 19. The volunteers who ________ (protect) nature are respected. 20. The best way that ________ (help) the earth is to love it. 21. The only thing that ________ (matter) is environmental protection. 22. The plants that ________ (need) water will grow well soon. 23. The pollution that ________ (harm) animals is very serious. 24. All that ________ (we) do should be good for mother nature. 25. The picture which ________ (show) natural beauty wins praise. 题型二：单项选择 1. The clean water ________ we need is from the mountains. A. that B. what C. who D. where 2. The trees ________ grow near the lake are very tall. A. who B. which C. what D. whose 3. This is the best park ________ I have ever visited. A. which B. that C. where D. what 4. All ________ we do can protect our beautiful nature. A. which B. what C. that D. when 5. The river ________ runs through the town is clear and clean. A. that B. what C. who D. where 6. The only way ________ we can help nature is to stop pollution. A. which B. that C. how D. why 7. The animals ________ live in this area are very lovely. A. which B. who C. what D. when 8. Everything ________ is around us is part of nature. A. which B. that C. where D. how 9. The beautiful flowers ________ we saw yesterday were amazing. A. / B. what C. when D. why 10. This is the first forest ________ I have ever been to. A. which B. that C. where D. who 11. The wind ________ comes from the sea is cool and fresh. A. that B. what C. who D. whose 12. The rubbish ________ people throw will hurt the earth. A. that B. what C. when D. how 13. There is nothing ________ is more important than nature. A. which B. that C. where D. why 14. The mountains and rivers ________ we love are beautiful. A. that B. which C. what D. when 15. The rules ________ protect wild animals are necessary. A. which B. what C. who D. where 题型三：句子改写 将两个简单句合并为含 that/which 限定性定语从句的复合句 1. The tree is very old. It stands by the river. ______________________________________________ 2. The water is clean. We drink the water every day. ______________________________________________ 3. The park is beautiful. We visited the park last week. ______________________________________________ 4. The birds are lovely. They sing in the trees every morning. ______________________________________________ 5. The book is useful. It tells us how to protect nature. ______________________________________________ 6. The river is long. It goes through our city. ______________________________________________ 7. The flowers are colorful. They grow in the garden. ______________________________________________ 8. The air is fresh. We breathe the air in the forest. ______________________________________________ 9. The rules are strict. They protect our natural environment. ______________________________________________ 10. The forest is large. It provides homes for wild animals. ______________________________________________ 题型四：汉译英 要求：必须使用 that/which 定语从句翻译 1. 流经我们村庄的小河非常清澈。 ______________________________________________ 2. 生长在山上的树木可以净化空气。 ______________________________________________ 3. 我们每天呼吸的空气来自大自然。 ______________________________________________ 4. 这是我见过最美的自然公园。 ______________________________________________ 5. 保护野生动物的规则非常重要。 ______________________________________________ 6. 住在这片森林里的动物很自由。 ______________________________________________ 7. 人们丢弃的垃圾会污染土地和河流。 ______________________________________________ 8. 大自然赐予我们的一切都值得珍惜。 ______________________________________________ 9. 这是唯一可以保护自然的方法。 ______________________________________________ 10. 在春天绽放的花朵十分美丽。 ______________________________________________ Keys 题型一：单词填空答案 1.that / which 2.that / which 3.that / which 4.that / which 5.that（先行词有 All 修饰，只能用 that） 6.that / which 7.that / which 8.that / which 9.that / which 10.that / which 11. blooms 12. stand 13. do 14. shines 15. covers 16. fly 17. breathe 18. tells 19. protect 20. helps 21. matters 22. need 23. harms 24. we 25. shows 题型二：单项选择答案 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.A 题型三：句子改写 1. The tree that/which stands by the river is very old. 2. The water that/which we drink every day is clean. 3. The park that/which we visited last week is beautiful. 4. The birds that/which sing in the trees every morning are lovely. 5. The book that/which tells us how to protect nature is useful. 6. The river that/which goes through our city is long. 7. The flowers that/which grow in the garden are colorful. 8. The air that/which we breathe in the forest is fresh. 9. The rules that/which protect our natural environment are strict. 10. The forest that/which provides homes for wild animals is large. 题型四：汉译英 1. The small river that/which runs through our village is very clear. 2. The trees that/which grow on the mountains can clean the air. 3. The air that/which we breathe every day comes from nature. 4. This is the most beautiful natural park that I have ever seen. 5. The rules that/which protect wild animals are very important. 6. The animals that/which live in this forest are very free. 7. The rubbish that/which people throw away will pollute land and rivers. 8. Everything that nature gives us is worth cherishing. 9. This is the only way that can protect nature. 10. The flowers that/which bloom in spring are very beautiful. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $