Unit2语法(被动语态)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年仁爱科普版英语九年级上册新课预习

本初中英语讲义聚焦一般现在时和一般过去时被动语态核心知识点，先以“主动人做动作、被动物体被做动作”定义被动语态，再系统梳理两种时态的核心含义（常态/客观事实vs过去单次/阶段性动作）、结构公式（am/is/are+done vs was/were+done）及be动词选择规则，通过对比表格、过去分词变形规则和主动变被动步骤构建完整知识支架。 资料以“口诀记忆+场景例句”强化理解，如be动词选择口诀“单数is复数are”和课文高频例句提升语言能力，对比表格与易错点总结（如不及物动词无被动）培养思维品质。配套多样化练习（词形转换、单选、翻译）结合答案解析，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生自主巩固查漏补缺。

Unit2 Meet My Family!语法讲解与练习 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态讲解 什么是被动语态？（一句话秒懂） 主动：人做动作（我扫地） 被动：物体被做动作（地被打扫） 被动核心公式：be +过去分词 (done) 第一部分 一般现在时被动语态 一、时态核心含义 一般现在时被动语态，核心用来描述经常性、习惯性的被动动作、客观真理、常态性的被动状态，不强调动作执行者，只突出事物“被怎么样”的常态。 中文翻译规律：常译为总是、通常、经常……被……，描述客观事实时可直接译为“……被……”。 核心特点：动作不是一次性发生，是长期存在、反复发生、客观固定的状态。 例句1（习惯性被动）：The classroom is cleaned every day.（教室每天都被打扫。） 解析：“每天打扫”是长期、习惯性的被动行为，适配一般现在时被动语态。 例句2（客观事实被动）：Water is used widely in our life.（水在我们的生活中被广泛使用。） 解析：这是固定的客观事实，是常态被动，无时间限制。 二、完整结构公式（三大句式） 一般现在时被动语态统一核心结构：be动词(am/is/are) + 动词过去分词(done)，根据句式变化调整语序和否定词位置。 1. 肯定句结构 公式：主语+ am /is /are + done（动词过去分词） 讲解：直接陈述某物/某人常态下被做某事，主语是动作的承受者。 例句：Books are kept in the shelf.（书籍被存放在书架上。） 2. 否定句结构 公式：主语+ am /is /are + not +done（动词过去分词） 讲解：在be动词后直接加not，表达“不被……、没有被……”的常态否定含义。 例句：This rule is not broken by students.（这条规则不会被学生们打破。） 3. 一般疑问句结构 公式：Am/Is /Are +主语+ done（动词过去分词）? 讲解：将be动词提前至句首，句尾用问号，用来询问“是否经常/常态被……”， 回答统一用Yes/No。 例句：Are flowers watered every morning?（花儿每天早上都被浇水吗？） 简答：Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. 三、be动词选择口诀+详细讲解+例句 万能口诀：单数/不可数 → is；复数 → are；I → am be动词的选择只由句子主语决定，和后面的过去分词无关，是解题核心关键。 1. 主语为【单数名词/不可数名词/单数代词】→ 用 is 讲解：单数主语包含：单个的人/物、it/he/she/this/that；不可数名词包含：水、空气、食物、时间等无法计数的名词，这类主语统一搭配is。 例句1（单数物品主语）：The window is closed at night.（窗户在晚上会被关上。） 例句2（不可数名词主语）：Milk is drunk by kids every day. （牛奶每天都被孩子们饮用。） 例句3（单数代词主语）：She is praised by her teacher often. （她经常被老师表扬。） 2. 主语为【复数名词/复数代词】→ 用 are 讲解：复数主语包含：两个及以上的人/物、they/we/you/these/those，主语数量大于一，统一搭配are。 例句1（复数物品主语）：Desks are wiped after school. （课桌放学后都会被擦拭。） 例句2（复数代词主语）：They are invited to the party every year. （他们每年都会被邀请参加派对。） 3. 主语为【I（我）】→ 用 am （肯定句）：I am always encouraged by my parents. （我总是被我的父母鼓励。） （否定句）：I am not blamed for small mistakes.（我不会因为小失误被责备。） （疑问句）：Am I allowed to use this book?（我可以被允许使用这本书吗？） 四、Unit2 课文高频例句 1. The road is widened every year. 这条路每年都会被拓宽。（常态、每年） 2. Many houses are built in our town. 我们镇上建造了很多房子。（客观事实） 3. Our life is greatly improved. 我们的生活被大大改善。（现在常态） 第二部分 一般过去时被动语态（单元重难） 一、 时态核心含义 一般过去时被动语态，主要用来描述过去某个时间发生的被动动作、过去存在的被动状态，动作已经结束，侧重强调过去的单次或阶段性被动事件，不涉及现在的常态。 中文翻译规律：常译为（过去）被……、当时被……、曾经被……，需贴合过去时间语境翻译。 核心特点：动作发生在过去、已经完成，有明确或隐含的过去时间，区别于一般现在时的常态、习惯性被动。 例句1（过去单次被动动作）： The window was cleaned yesterday.（这扇窗户昨天被打扫了。） 解析：“yesterday（昨天）”是明确过去时间，动作仅发生在过去，适配一般过去时被动语态。 例句2（过去阶段性被动状态）： This bridge was built in 2010.（这座桥建于2010年。） 解析：建桥的动作发生并结束于2010年，是典型的过去被动事件。 二、完整结构公式（三大句式） 一般过去时被动语态统一核心结构：be动词(was/were) +动词过去分词(done)，仅be动词变为过去式，过去分词保持不变。 （1）肯定句结构 公式：主语+ was/were +done（动词过去分词） 讲解：陈述过去某时、某地被完成的动作或存在的被动状态。 例句：Many trees were planted last spring.（去年春天种了很多树。） （2）否定句结构 公式：主语+ was /were + not +done（动词过去分词） 讲解：在was/were后直接加not，表达“过去没有被……、当时未被……”的含义。 例句：The homework was not finished last night.（昨晚的作业没有被完成。） （3）一般疑问句结构 公式：Was/Were +主语+ done（动词过去分词）? 讲解：将过去式be动词提前至句首，用于询问过去是否发生被动动作， 用Yes/No简答。 例句：Were you invited to the party yesterday?（你昨天被邀请参加派对了吗？） 简答：Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 三、was/were 选用口诀+详细讲解 万能口诀：单数/不可数/I/he/she/it → was；复数/you/we/they → were 过去式be动词的选择依旧只看主语，规则和一般现在时对应,仅时态变为过去式。 （1）主语为【单数名词、不可数名词、I / he / she / it】→ 用was 讲解：所有单数主语、不可数名词、第一人称单数I、第三人称单数代词，过去式统一搭配was。 （单数名词）：The bike was repaired this morning.（这辆自行车今早被修理了。） （不可数名词）：The water was poured out just now.（水刚才被倒掉了。） （I/he/she/it）：I was told the news yesterday.（我昨天被告知了这个消息。） （2）主语为【复数名词、you / we / they】→ 用 were 讲解：复数名词、第二人称、第一/三人称复数代词，过去式统一搭配were。 例句1（复数名词）：The books were returned last week.（这些书上周被归还了。） 例句2（复数代词）：They were helped by strangers. (他们当时得到了陌生人的帮助。) 四、核心易错点总结 ① 过去被动语态中，只有be动词变过去式，后面的动词必须用过去分词done， 不能用过去式！ 正确：It was cleaned. 错误：It was cleaneded / It was clean. ② 时间标志词：看到 yesterday, last... , just now, in+过去年份等表示过去的时间标志优先考虑一般过去时被动语态。 ③ 主谓一致不变：永远根据主语单复数选was/were，与后面名词无关。 五、Unit2 课文场景例句 1. The old house was rebuilt last year. 这座老房子去年被重建了。（过去一次） 2. Many trees were planted in the village. 村里种了许多树。（过去发生） 3. The street was shortened two days ago. 这条街道两天前被缩短了。 第三部分 两大被动语态（必背） 时态 结构 时间标志词 用法 一般现在被动 am/is/are + done every day/usually/often/always 常态、客观事实、经常性 一般过去被动 was/were + done yesterday/ago/last…/in 2020 过去单次动作 第四部分 被动语态必考变形规则（本单元重点） 1. 规则动词过去分词（done） ① 一般动词直接+ ed 读音：清辅音后读 /t/；浊辅音/元音后读 /d/；t/d 后读 /ɪd/ work → worked clean → cleaned play → played 例句：The room was cleaned. 我已经打扫完房间了。 ② 以不发音e结尾，直接+ d live → lived close → closed use → used 例句：The shop is closed now. ③ 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i + ed；元音+ y直接加 ed（不变y） study → studied carry → carried play → played（元音 a+y，不变） ④ 重读闭音节：辅+元+辅结尾，双写末尾辅音+ ed 条件：重读、短元音、末尾只有一个辅音字母 stop → stopped drop → dropped plan → planned 2. 不规则变化见课本后附表，本单元不规则变化词如下: build → built make → made plant → planted improve →improved take → taken change → changed 第五部分 考试最高频易错点 易错1：被动一定要有 be动词 ❌ The road widened.（主动：路自己拓宽） ✅ The road is widened.（被动：路被拓宽） 易错2：看时间状语定时态 看到 every/usually → 现在被动 看到 last/ago/yesterday → 过去被动 易错3：主谓一致千万别乱 单数用 is / was 复数用 are / were 易错4：不及物动词无被动（超高频坑） happen、take place、appear、break out 没有被动！ ❌ Great changes are taken place. ✅ Great changes take place. 第六部分 主动变被动万能步骤 一步：宾语变主语 二步：动词变被动（be+done） 三步：主语变 by+人（可省略） 例：People widen the road. → The road is widened (by people). 【配套练习】 第一大题：词形转换填空 1. Many new houses ________ (build) in our village every year. 2. The old street ________ (widen) last month. 3. Clean water ________ (provide) for the villagers every day. 4. A lot of trees ________ (plant) on the hills last spring. 5. Our classroom ________ (clean) by students every morning. 6. The small bridge ________ (repair) yesterday afternoon. 7. Useful skills ________ (teach) by our teachers in class every day. 8. Some old houses ________ (pull) down last year. 9. Flowers ________ (water) regularly in the school garden. 10. The new sports hall ________ (finish) building last summer. 11. Books ________ (keep) well in the school library every day. 12. Many photos ________ (take) during the village trip last weekend. 13. Rules ________ (follow) by all students in our school. 14. The road near my home ________ (improve) last month. 15. Fresh vegetables ________ (sell) in this market every morning. 16. A new gate ________ (build) at our school last term. 17. Waste paper ________ (not throw) everywhere in our school. 18. The old furniture ________ (move) out of the house yesterday. 19. Good habits ________ (develop) by us day by day. 20. Many mistakes ________ (find) in his homework last night. 21. The village roads ________ (light) up every night now. 22. A new library ________ (open) in our town last year. 23. All homework ________ (check) carefully by teachers every day. 24. Some old buildings ________ (protect) well in the past. 25. People’s life ________ (great improve) in our hometown now. 第二大题：单项选择 1. Trees ______ in our school every spring to make the school beautiful. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted 2. The old bridge ______ last week because it was broken. A. rebuilt B. is rebuilt C. was rebuilt D. rebuilds 3. Many kinds of fruits ______ in the south of China every year. A. grow B. grew C. are grown D. were grown 4. —When ______ the new school gate ______? —Last term. A. is; built B. was; built C. did; build D. does; build 5. Students ______ to finish their homework on time every day. A. are asked B. were asked C. ask D. asked 6. The streets in our town ______ much cleaner than before now. A. keep B. are kept C. kept D. were kept 7. A lot of old houses ______ in our village last year. A. change B. are changed C. changed D. were changed 8. English words ______ by us every morning to remember well. A. read B. are read C. were read D. reads 9. The beautiful park ______ for visitors every day. A. opens B. is opened C. opened D. was opened 10. Many new roads ______ in our hometown in 2023. A. build B. are built C. built D. were built 11. Rules ______ to keep our school safe all the time. A. follow B. are followed C. followed D. were followed 12. —______ the classroom ______ every day? —Yes, it is. A. Was; cleaned B. Did; clean C. Is; cleaned D. Does; clean 13. Some useful books ______ to the village school last month. A. send B. are sent C. sent D. were sent 14. The water in the river ______ clean by the workers every month. A. makes B. is made C. made D. was made 15. Great changes ______ in our village, and people live a better life. A. take place B. are taken place C. took place D. were taken place 第三大题：中英句子翻译 1. 我们镇上的道路每年都会被拓宽。 _________________________________________________ 2. 每天放学后，教室都会被学生打扫干净。 _________________________________________________ 3. 去年我们村里种了许多绿树。 _________________________________________________ 4. 学校的规则每天都被所有学生遵守。 _________________________________________________ 5. 去年冬天，这座旧房子被重新修缮了。 _________________________________________________ 6. Many new houses are built in our hometown every year. _________________________________________________ 7. The school garden is watered carefully every morning. _________________________________________________ 8. A lot of old streets were improved last year. _________________________________________________ 9. Students are taught good living habits at school every day. _________________________________________________ 10. The old library was closed and a new one was built last year. _________________________________________________ Keys 一、词形转换填空 1. are built 2. was widened 3. are provided 4. were planted 5. is cleaned 6. was repaired 7. are taught 8. were pulled 9. are watered 10. was finished 11. are kept 12. were taken 13. are followed 14. was improved 15. are sold 16. was built 17. are not thrown 18. was moved 19. are developed 20. were found 21. are lit 22. was opened 23. is checked 24. were protected 25. is greatly improved 二、单项选择答案 1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.B 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.D 14.B 15.A 三、中英互译 1. The roads in our town are widened every year. 2. The classroom is cleaned carefully by students after school every day. 3. Many green trees were planted in our village last year. 4. The school rules are followed by all students every day. 5. The old house was repaired again last winter. 6. 我们家乡每年都会建造许多新房子。 7. 学校花园每天早上都会被仔细浇水。 8. 去年许多老旧街道得到了改造修缮。 9. 学生们每天在学校被教导良好的生活习惯。 10. 旧图书馆去年关闭了，一座新的图书馆建成了。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $