内容正文:
Unit 1 Sports 知识清单
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一、体育竞技:
1. /spɔːt/n.运动;体育
搭配do sports(做运动)
popular sport(流行运动)
例:Basketball is my favourite sport.(篮球是我最喜欢的运动)
2. /əˈlɪmpɪks/n.奥林匹克运动会
搭配Summer/Winter Olympics(夏季/冬季奥运会)
host the Olympics(举办奥运会)
例:Beijing hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics.(北京举办了2022年冬奥会)
3. /ˈæθliːt/n.运动员
搭配professional athlete(职业运动员),
例:She dreams of becoming an Olympic athlete.(她梦想成为一名奥运运动员)
4. /ˈmɒtəʊ/n.座右铭;格言
搭配Olympic motto(奥林匹克格言),
例:The Olympic motto is "Faster, Higher, Stronger - Together".(奥林匹克格言是“更快、更高、更强——更团结”)
5. /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/n.锦标赛;冠军地位
搭配win a championship(赢得冠军)
world championship(世界锦标赛),
例:She helped the team win five world championships.(她帮助球队赢得了五次世界冠军)
6. /kəʊtʃ/n./v.教练;指导
名词搭配head coach(主教练)
动词搭配coach a team(执教球队)
例:Lang Ping was the head coach of the Chinese womens volleyball team.(郎平是中国女排主教练)
二、其他:
1. /ˈbæləns/n./v.平衡;使平衡
搭配balance A and B(平衡A和B)
keep balance(保持平衡),
例:We need to balance sports and studies.(我们需要平衡运动和学习)
2. /ɪmˈpruːv/v.改进;提高
搭配improve skills(提升技能)
improve oneself(提升自我)
例:The more you practise, the more you will improve.(练习越多,进步越大)
3. /ˈfəʊkəs/v./n.专注;焦点
动词搭配focus on(专注于)
例:Focus on your schoolwork in class.(课堂上专注于学业)
4. /ˈspɪrɪt/n.精神;意志
搭配sports spirit(体育精神)
team spirit(团队精神),
例:The spirit of the Chinese womens volleyball team never fades.(中国女排精神永不褪色)
5. /kəmˈpærətɪv/adj.相对的, 比较(级)的
搭配comparative adjectives(形容词比较级)
例:We use comparative forms to show differences.(我们用比较级形式表示差异)
superlative/suːˈpɜːlətɪv/adj.最高级的
搭配superlative adverbs(副词最高级)
例:She runs the fastest in our class.(她是我们班跑得最快的)
6. /prɪˈfɜː(r)/v.较喜欢;宁愿
搭配prefer doing sth.(更喜欢做某事)
prefer A to B(比起B更喜欢A),
例:He prefers playing football to basketball.(比起篮球,他更喜欢踢足球)
短
语
1. 参加;参与
Many athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympics.(来自世界各地的许多运动员参加奥运会)
2. 竭尽全力;尽最大努力
Athletes should do their best during the competition.(运动员应在比赛中竭尽全力)
3. 为……安排时间
I set time for running every morning.(我每天早上安排时间跑步)
4. 集中注意力于;专注于
When studying, focus on your tasks and dont get distracted.(学习时专注于任务,不要分心)
5. 穿破;磨损;耗尽
She wore out a pair of shoes every month because of hard training.(由于训练刻苦,她每个月都穿破一双鞋)
6. 辞职;退位
Lang Ping stepped down as head coach after the Tokyo Olympics.(东京奥运会后,郎平辞去主教练一职)
7. 存在于;在于
The spirit of sports lies in never giving up.(体育精神在于永不放弃)
8. 放弃;认输
Never give up even when you face difficulties.(即使面临困难,也永不放弃)
9. 保持健康;保持体型
Doing sports regularly helps us keep fit.(定期做运动帮助我们保持健康)
10. 各行各业;各界
Lang Pings spirit inspires people from all walks of life.(郎平的精神激励着各行各业的人)
11. 调查报告
We need to write a survey report on classmates sports habits.(我们需要写一份关于同学运动习惯的调查报告)
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1.询问运动喜好
What sport do you prefer? Why? 你更喜欢什么运动?为什么?
A: What sport do you ? B: I prefer because its .A:你更喜欢什么运动?B:我喜欢游泳,因为它很放松
2.描述运动好处
Doing sports can + 动词原形 + 其他. 做运动能……
sports can us healthy and our teamwork.做运动能让我们保持健康,提升团队合作能力用动名词作主语,can后接动词原形,强调运动的多重益处
3.比较级句型
A + be/动词 + 比较级 + than + B. A比B更……
The modern Olympics are than the ancient ones.现代奥运会比古代奥运会规模更大
形容词/副词比较级表两者差异,不规则变化需记忆(good→better)
4.递进句型
The more..., the more.... 越……,越……
The you practise playing the piano, the you will be.钢琴练得越多,你弹得越好
前后均用比较级,表“一方变化带动另一方变化”,中间用逗号隔开
5.最高级句型
A + be/动词 + the + 最高级 + 范围(in/of...). A是……中最……的
Lang Ping is one of the most respected in China.郎平是中国最受尊敬的教练之一三者及以上比较用最高级,形容词最高级前加the,范围用in/of引出
6.介绍奥运会
The Olympics + 谓语 + 相关信息(history/symbol/motto). 奥运会……(历史/象征/格言)The Olympic the union of the five continents.奥林匹克五环象征五大洲的团结)
7.描述运动员经历
主语 + 动词过去式 + 运动相关事件. 某人(过去)做了与运动相关的事
She the national team at 18 and won many .她18岁加入国家队,赢得了许多冠军
语法
形容词的比较级和最高级
写作
1.介绍运动项目;
2.分享自己参与某项运动的体验与收获;③
3.讲述一位喜爱的运动员的事迹与品质。
一、知识点精讲
1.be busy with 忙于某事
【句型】
be busy doing 忙于做某事
1. 他忙于比赛。He is busy competitions.
2. 她忙于写作业。She is busy her homework.
2.(the) secret to ···的秘诀
to是介词后面跟名词,代词或动名词。
【句型】
保持健康的秘诀是多吃蔬菜和水果。The secret to fit is to eat more vegetables and fruit.
3.full of充满
【句型】
be full of= be filled 充满
Life is full of coincidences(巧合).
The boy's eyes are filled with tears.
4.encourage 鼓励
【句型】
encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
Teachers encourage us to (speak) English more.
5.take place 发生;举行
【辨析】
take place & happen
A. take place表示按计划进行的活动或仪式,强调 性
take place at/in/on+时间/地点
B. happen描述未经计划的事情,强调 性
6.not as···as不如
【句型】
表示A与B一样(同级比较)
A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B
这个房间和那个一样大。The room is that one.
表示A不如B
A+be+not as + 形容词原级 + as+B
他不如他哥哥高。He is his brother.
7.take part 参加
【句型】
take part in+活动或事件
She takes part in the singing competition.
【辨析】take part & join
A. take part强调参加 的过程或行为,不强调加入某个组织
B. join侧重于加入 等
She joined the basketball team.
8.a great success一个巨大的成功
【拓展】
succeed v.成功
succeed in doing sth成功做某事
n.成功
指成功的人或事可数,泛指成功不可数
adj.成功的
adv.成功地
I succeed in (go)to a good university.
9.agree with sb./sth.同意···
【拓展】
agree v.同意
disagree v.不同意
agreement n. 同意
我不同意你的建议。I can’t agree with your .
10.advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
【拓展】
advise v.建议—advice n. 建议
a piece of advice
suggest v. 建议—suggestion n.建议
我妈妈建议我参加足球队。My mom me join the football team.
二、核心语法精讲
形容词的比较级和最高级
大多数形容词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。比较级用于两个对象的比较,表示"比……更……,较……";最高级用于三个或三个以上的对象的比较,表示"最……",最高级前通常要加定冠词the。
一 形容词比较级、最高级的构成
(1)规则变化
变化规则
例词
单音节词及部分双音节词
大多数词在词尾加
long→longer→longest
narrow→narrower→
narrowest
以e结尾的词在词尾加
nice→nicer→nicest
late→later→latest
以辅音字母+y结尾的词,
easy→easier→easiest
happy→happier→happiest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,
big→bigger→biggest
thin→thinner→thinnest
多音节词和部分双音节词
在词前加
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
careful→more careful→most careful
(2)不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
ill/bad
many/much
little
有些词的比较级和最高级的变化方式有两种。
clever→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
far→farther/further→farthest/furthest
二 形容词比较级和最高级的常见句式
(1)形容词比较级
①两者相比较,可用"比较级+than"结构。
This park is larger than that one. 这个公园比那个公园更大。
形容词的比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语),如much、 a lot、 a bit、 a little、 far、 even、 still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。
Lily is a taller than Lucy. 莉莉比露西稍微高一点儿。
Our city is more beautiful than theirs. 我们的城市比他们的城市美多了。
②"比较级 + and + 比较级"结构,表示"越来越……"。若形容词为多音节(或部分双音节)词,则用"more and more + 形容词"。
My brother is fatter and fatter. 我的哥哥越来越胖了。
It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。
③"the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...",表示"越……,(就)越……"。
The my mother is, the she feels. 我的妈妈越忙越高兴。
The careful you are, the mistakes you'll make. 你越细心,犯的错误就会越少。
④"Which/Who...+比较级,A or B?"表示"A和B哪个(谁)更……?"。
Who is stronger, Tom or Jim? 汤姆和吉姆,谁更强壮呢?
⑤"the+比较级+of the two+可数名词复数"表示"两个……中较……的那个"。
The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那个是我哥哥。
(2)形容词最高级
①三个或三个以上的对象比较时用最高级,最高级的前面通常要加定冠词the,后面常有表示比较范围的"in.../of..."。此外,常用结构"one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数"意为"最……的……之一"。
Which is the , a bus, a train or a plane? 公共汽车、火车和飞机,哪个最安全?
Peter is the in our class. 在我们班上彼得个子最高。
It's one of problems in my work.这是我工作中最棘手的问题之一。
②序数词、形容词性物主代词和名词所有格等限定词都可以修饰形容词最高级。
Joe is the second boy in our class. 乔是我们班上个子第二高的男孩。
Kate is my friend. 凯特是我最好的朋友。
Mr Green's problem is pronunciation.格林先生最大的问题就是发音。
三 含有形容词最高级的结构与含有形容词比较级的结构之间的转换
"the+形容词最高级+单数名词(+范围)""形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词(+范围)"和"形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词(+范围)"这三者之间可互相转换。
China is the country in Asia.=China is larger than any other country in Asia.=China is larger than the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。
"sb.+be动词+形容词比较级+than anybody else."="No one+be动词+形容词比较级+than sb.",两者都是用比较级表达最高级的句式。
Mary is than anybody else.=No one is taller than Mary.玛丽最高。
三、单元写作清单
1. 话题分析
本单元的主题是“运动”,写作任务是讨论体育赛事、运动员以及个人的运动经历和感受等。常见的写作话题有:①介绍运动项目;②分享自己参与某项运动的体验与收获;③讲述一位喜爱的运动员的事迹与品质。
中考文段表达中和该话题有关的命题形式有很多,通常以记叙文或应用文的形式出现,常见的应用文种类有回复邮件或信件、给校报投稿、写演讲稿等。
2.写作框架
根据所给提示,完成一篇不少于50词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
假设你是李华,请写一篇文章记述你们学校上次运动会的场景,内容包含:你们举办的运动会的时间和地点,你参加的项目或为同学们做的工作,以及你的感受和体会。
提示词语:sports meeting, long jump, relay race, 100-meter race, feel, learn from...
内容提示:·When and where did you have the sports meeting?
·What did you do in the sports meeting?
·How did you feel?
3. 写作素材
(1)be full of充满
(2)take part in参加
(3)as soon as一……就……
(3)too...to...太……而不能……
(5)what's more另外;而且
(6)be sure to do sth. 一定要/务必要做某事
(7)try one's best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事
(8)for example例如
(9)decide to do sth. 决定做某事
(10)stop doing sth. 停止做某事
(11)try one's best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力做某事
(12)What an unforgettable sports meeting it was! 真是一次难忘的运动会!
(13)We should think about how we can do better next time. 我们应该想想下次如何能做得更好。
(14)Besides, taking part in sports in a group has a greater influence on mental health than individual sports. 此外,参加团体运动比个人运动对心理健康的影响更大。
4. 范文背诵
We had an unforgettable sports meeting at our school last Friday.
I felt proud to win for my class. What an unforgettable sports meeting it was!
易错点01 It‘s +adj. (for sb.) to do sth.做某事对某人来说怎么样
学英语对我来说很简单。It is so easy for me to learn English.
It’s +adj. (of sb.) to do sth.做某事某人怎么样
帮助我学英语你真的太好了。It’s kind of you to help me learn English.
【对点训练】
1.意见不合时,冷静沟通是明智之举。
It’s wise ________ ________ calmly when you ________ ________ others.
2.对我们来说,学习伟人精神很重要。
It is significant ________ us ________ learn from great people’s spirits.
易错点02 "比较级 + and + 比较级"结构,表示"越来越……"。
若形容词为多音节(或部分双音节)词,则用"more and more + 形容词"。
My brother is fatter and fatter. 我的哥哥越来越胖了。
It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。
【对点训练】
1.现在我们的乐队越来越受欢迎。
Nowadays, our band is getting ________ and ________ popular.
2.过去一直有沙尘暴,田地也正变得越来越小。
________ ________ sandstorms all the time, and the fields were getting ________ ________ ________.
易错点03 the+比较级,the+比较级越····就越····
The+比较级(+主语+谓语),the+比较级(+主语+谓语)
The harder you study, the luckier you will be.你越努力,就会越幸运。
【对点训练】
1.简而言之,你恢复的时间越长,你就越弱,你的表现就越差。
In a ________, the longer it takes you to recover, the ________ you are and the ________ your performance.
2.你恢复的时间越长,那个事件对你的行为影响就越大。
The longer it takes you to ________, the more ________ that ________ has on your actions.
易错点04 含有形容词最高级的结构与含有形容词比较级的结构之间的转换
"the+形容词最高级+单数名词(+范围)""形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词(+范围)"和"形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词(+范围)"这三者之间可互相转换。
China is the largest country in Asia
.=China is larger than any other country in Asia.
=China is larger than the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。
一、根据首字母或中文提示填空
1. Running is a popular s__________(运动)that helps keep our hearts healthy.
2. Yao Ming is a famous basketball p__________(运动员)in China.
3. She has a great p__________(激情)for swimming and goes to the pool every day.
4. The school basketball t__________(队)won the championship last month.
5. We need to wear proper s__________(运动鞋)when doing sports.
6. Playing football r__________(需要)teamwork and good communication.
7. He broke the school r__________(纪录)for the 100 - meter race.
8. The g__________(健身房)near our school is a good place to exercise.
9. Doing morning e__________(锻炼)is a good way to start the day.
10. Badminton is an e__________(令人兴奋的)sport that many people enjoy.
11. She is training hard to i__________(提高)her tennis skills.
12. The coach gave us some useful a__________(建议)on playing volleyball.
13. Swimming is a good sport for b__________(身体的)health and relaxation.
14. We should warm up before doing any s__________(剧烈的)exercise.
15. His d__________(梦想)is to become a professional football player.
二.用所给词的适当形式填空
1. My brother enjoys __________(play)football in his free time.
2. She __________(win)the first prize in the school sports meeting last year.
3. We should __________(do)more exercise to keep fit.
4. His dream is __________(become)a famous sports star.
5. The students __________(practice)basketball on the playground now.
6. Let's __________(go)swimming this afternoon.
7. __________(run)is a good way to exercise.
8. She is good at __________(jump)high.
9. We __________(watch)a sports game on TV last night.
10. It's important __________(have)a balanced diet for athletes.
三.句型转换
1. He plays basketball well.(改为一般疑问句)
__________ he __________ basketball well?
2. I like swimming best.(改为同义句)
My __________ sport is swimming.
3. They will hold a sports meeting next month.(改为被动语态)
A sports meeting will __________ __________ next month.
4. She practices running every morning.(对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ does she practice running?
5. Playing sports is good for our health.(改为同义句)
Playing sports __________ __________ to our health.
四.翻译句子
1. 运动能帮助我们保持健康和快乐。
Sports can help us __________ healthy and happy.
2. 他每天花一小时打篮球。
He __________ one hour __________ basketball every day.
3. 我们学校的足球队正在为比赛做准备。
Our school football team is __________ __________ the game.
4. 她在体育方面有天赋,经常在比赛中获奖。
She has a __________ for sports and often wins prizes in competitions.
5. 做运动前热身是很重要的。
It's important __________ __________ before doing sports.
五.根据句意完成句子,每空一词
1.我认为英语不像数学那样难。
I don’t think English is maths.
2.他是世界上最受欢迎的钢琴家之一。
He is around the world.
3.我比我哥哥个子高。I am my elder brother.
4.我觉得篮球比足球更令人兴奋。I think basketball is than football.
5.最高的运动员是姚明。The athlete was Yao Ming.
6.我认为约翰是我们班跑得最快的人。I think John is the runner in our class.
7.你是篮球队中最年轻的吗?Are you the in the basketball team?
8.年龄最大的运动员已经67岁了。The athlete was 67 years old.
六.短文填空
阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连贯。
There are three popular sports in the USA.They are basketball, football 1 baseball.
Basketball is 2 (main) an indoor (户内的) game. There are many professional (职业的) teams and school teams. Almost every high school or college in the country has 3 (it) team and a lot of fans. Students can play nearly all the year round.
Baseball is popular in spring and summer. It is 4 seasonal sport. In the warm weather you can see young men and boys 5 (play) the game in any part of the country. There are also professional teams in the sport.
In autumn, the 6 (popular) sport is football. Football is an American sport. It’s only played in the USA.This sport is not so popular in other parts of the world. The 7 (player) wear helmets (头盔), they run with the ball across the other side of the field. They catch the ball in their hands and run fast to score.
In the US, soccer is a different sport. More and more people in the US now become interested 8 soccer. It’s played all over the world. Since people use their 9 (foot) to play the game, English speakers usually call it soccer, football, footie, footy or footer. Many 10 (American) enjoy playing and watching the game.
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Unit 1 Sports 知识清单
主
题
场
景
分
类
词
汇
一、体育竞技:
1.sport/spɔːt/n.运动;体育
搭配do sports(做运动)
popular sport(流行运动)
例:Basketball is my favourite sport.(篮球是我最喜欢的运动)
2.Olympics/əˈlɪmpɪks/n.奥林匹克运动会
搭配Summer/Winter Olympics(夏季/冬季奥运会)
host the Olympics(举办奥运会)
例:Beijing hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics.(北京举办了2022年冬奥会)
3.athlete/ˈæθliːt/n.运动员
搭配professional athlete(职业运动员),
例:She dreams of becoming an Olympic athlete.(她梦想成为一名奥运运动员)
4.motto/ˈmɒtəʊ/n.座右铭;格言
搭配Olympic motto(奥林匹克格言),
例:The Olympic motto is "Faster, Higher, Stronger - Together".(奥林匹克格言是“更快、更高、更强——更团结”)
5.championship/ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/n.锦标赛;冠军地位
搭配win a championship(赢得冠军)
world championship(世界锦标赛),
例:She helped the team win five world championships.(她帮助球队赢得了五次世界冠军)
6.coach/kəʊtʃ/n./v.教练;指导
名词搭配head coach(主教练)
动词搭配coach a team(执教球队)
例:Lang Ping was the head coach of the Chinese womens volleyball team.(郎平是中国女排主教练)
二、其他:
1.balance/ˈbæləns/n./v.平衡;使平衡
搭配balance A and B(平衡A和B)
keep balance(保持平衡),
例:We need to balance sports and studies.(我们需要平衡运动和学习)
2.improve/ɪmˈpruːv/v.改进;提高
搭配improve skills(提升技能)
improve oneself(提升自我)
例:The more you practise, the more you will improve.(练习越多,进步越大)
3.focus/ˈfəʊkəs/v./n.专注;焦点
动词搭配focus on(专注于)
例:Focus on your schoolwork in class.(课堂上专注于学业)
4.spirit/ˈspɪrɪt/n.精神;意志
搭配sports spirit(体育精神)
team spirit(团队精神),
例:The spirit of the Chinese womens volleyball team never fades.(中国女排精神永不褪色)
5.comparative/kəmˈpærətɪv/adj.相对的, 比较(级)的
搭配comparative adjectives(形容词比较级)
例:We use comparative forms to show differences.(我们用比较级形式表示差异)
superlative/suːˈpɜːlətɪv/adj.最高级的
搭配superlative adverbs(副词最高级)
例:She runs the fastest in our class.(她是我们班跑得最快的)
6.prefer/prɪˈfɜː(r)/v.较喜欢;宁愿
搭配prefer doing sth.(更喜欢做某事)
prefer A to B(比起B更喜欢A),
例:He prefers playing football to basketball.(比起篮球,他更喜欢踢足球)
短
语
1.take part (in)参加;参与
Many athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympics.(来自世界各地的许多运动员参加奥运会)
2.do ones best竭尽全力;尽最大努力
Athletes should do their best during the competition.(运动员应在比赛中竭尽全力)
3.set time for为……安排时间
I set time for running every morning.(我每天早上安排时间跑步)
4.focus on集中注意力于;专注于
When studying, focus on your tasks and dont get distracted.(学习时专注于任务,不要分心)
5.wear out穿破;磨损;耗尽
She wore out a pair of shoes every month because of hard training.(由于训练刻苦,她每个月都穿破一双鞋)
6.step down辞职;退位
Lang Ping stepped down as head coach after the Tokyo Olympics.(东京奥运会后,郎平辞去主教练一职)
7.lie in存在于;在于
The spirit of sports lies in never giving up.(体育精神在于永不放弃)
8.give up放弃;认输
Never give up even when you face difficulties.(即使面临困难,也永不放弃)
9.keep fit保持健康;保持体型
Doing sports regularly helps us keep fit.(定期做运动帮助我们保持健康)
10.from all walks of life各行各业;各界
Lang Pings spirit inspires people from all walks of life.(郎平的精神激励着各行各业的人)
11.a survey report调查报告
We need to write a survey report on classmates sports habits.(我们需要写一份关于同学运动习惯的调查报告)
实
用
交
际
套
句
型
1.询问运动喜好
What sport do you prefer? Why? 你更喜欢什么运动?为什么?
A: What sport do you prefer? B: I prefer swimming because its relaxing.A:你更喜欢什么运动?B:我喜欢游泳,因为它很放松
2.描述运动好处
Doing sports can + 动词原形 + 其他. 做运动能……
Doing sports can keep us healthy and improve our teamwork.做运动能让我们保持健康,提升团队合作能力用动名词作主语,can后接动词原形,强调运动的多重益处
3.比较级句型
A + be/动词 + 比较级 + than + B. A比B更……
The modern Olympics are bigger than the ancient ones.现代奥运会比古代奥运会规模更大
形容词/副词比较级表两者差异,不规则变化需记忆(good→better)
4.递进句型
The more..., the more.... 越……,越……
The more you practise playing the piano, the better you will be.钢琴练得越多,你弹得越好
前后均用比较级,表“一方变化带动另一方变化”,中间用逗号隔开
5.最高级句型
A + be/动词 + the + 最高级 + 范围(in/of...). A是……中最……的
Lang Ping is one of the most respected coaches in China.郎平是中国最受尊敬的教练之一
三者及以上比较用最高级,形容词最高级前加the,范围用in/of引出
6.介绍奥运会
The Olympics + 谓语 + 相关信息(history/symbol/motto). 奥运会……(历史/象征/格言)The Olympic rings symbolise the union of the five continents.奥林匹克五环象征五大洲的团结)
7.描述运动员经历
主语 + 动词过去式 + 运动相关事件. 某人(过去)做了与运动相关的事
She joined the national team at 18 and won many championships.她18岁加入国家队,赢得了许多冠军
语法
形容词的比较级和最高级
写作
1.介绍运动项目;
2.分享自己参与某项运动的体验与收获;③
3.讲述一位喜爱的运动员的事迹与品质。
一、知识点精讲
1.be busy with 忙于某事
【句型】
be busy doing 忙于做某事
1. 他忙于比赛。He is busy with competitions.
2. 她忙于写作业。She is busy doing her homework.
2.(the) secret to ···的秘诀
to是介词后面跟名词,代词或动名词。
【句型】
保持健康的秘诀是多吃蔬菜和水果。The secret to keeping fit is to eat more vegetables and fruit.
3.full of充满
【句型】
be full of= be filled with充满
Life is full of coincidences(巧合).
The boy's eyes are filled with tears.
4.encourage 鼓励
【句型】
encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
Teachers encourage us to speak(speak) English more.
5.take place 发生;举行
【辨析】
take place & happen
A. take place表示按计划进行的活动或仪式,强调计划性和规律性
take place at/in/on+时间/地点
B. happen描述未经计划的事情,强调意外性
6.not as···as不如
【句型】
表示A与B一样(同级比较)
A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B
这个房间和那个一样大。The room is as big as that one.
表示A不如B
A+be+not as + 形容词原级 + as+B
他不如他哥哥高。He is not as tall as his brother.
7.take part 参加
【句型】
take part in+活动或事件
She takes part in the singing competition.
【辨析】take part & join
A. take part强调参加活动的过程或行为,不强调加入某个组织
B. join侧重于加入某个组织、团体等
She joined the basketball team.
8.a great success一个巨大的成功
【拓展】
succeed v.成功
succeed in doing sth成功做某事
success n.成功
指成功的人或事可数,泛指成功不可数
successful adj.成功的
successfully adv.成功地
I succeed in going (go)to a good university.
9.agree with sb./sth.同意···
【拓展】
agree v.同意
disagree v.不同意
agreement n. 同意
我不同意你的建议。I can’t agree with your suggestion.
10.advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
【拓展】
advise v.建议—advice n. 建议
a piece of advice
suggest v. 建议—suggestion n.建议
我妈妈建议我参加足球队。My mom advised me to join the football team.
二、核心语法精讲
形容词的比较级和最高级
大多数形容词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。比较级用于两个对象的比较,表示"比……更……,较……";最高级用于三个或三个以上的对象的比较,表示"最……",最高级前通常要加定冠词the。
一 形容词比较级、最高级的构成
(1)规则变化
变化规则
例词
单音节词及部分双音节词
大多数词在词尾加-er或-est
long→longer→longest
narrow→narrower→
narrowest
以e结尾的词在词尾加-r或-st
nice→nicer→nicest
late→later→latest
以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er或-est
easy→easier→easiest
happy→happier→happiest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er或-est
big→bigger→biggest
thin→thinner→thinnest
多音节词和部分双音节词
在词前加more或most
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
careful→more careful→most careful
(2)不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
ill/bad
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
有些词的比较级和最高级的变化方式有两种。
clever→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
far→farther/further→farthest/furthest
二 形容词比较级和最高级的常见句式
(1)形容词比较级
①两者相比较,可用"比较级+than"结构。
This park is larger than that one. 这个公园比那个公园更大。
形容词的比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语),如much、 a lot、 a bit、 a little、 far、 even、 still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。
Lily is a little taller than Lucy. 莉莉比露西稍微高一点儿。
Our city is much more beautiful than theirs. 我们的城市比他们的城市美多了。
②"比较级 + and + 比较级"结构,表示"越来越……"。若形容词为多音节(或部分双音节)词,则用"more and more + 形容词"。
My brother is fatter and fatter. 我的哥哥越来越胖了。
It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。
③"the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...",表示"越……,(就)越……"。
The busier my mother is, the happier she feels. 我的妈妈越忙越高兴。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make. 你越细心,犯的错误就会越少。
④"Which/Who...+比较级,A or B?"表示"A和B哪个(谁)更……?"。
Who is stronger, Tom or Jim? 汤姆和吉姆,谁更强壮呢?
⑤"the+比较级+of the two+可数名词复数"表示"两个……中较……的那个"。
The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那个是我哥哥。
(2)形容词最高级
①三个或三个以上的对象比较时用最高级,最高级的前面通常要加定冠词the,后面常有表示比较范围的"in.../of..."。此外,常用结构"one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数"意为"最……的……之一"。
Which is the safest, a bus, a train or a plane? 公共汽车、火车和飞机,哪个最安全?
Peter is the tallest in our class. 在我们班上彼得个子最高。
It's one of the most difficult problems in my work.这是我工作中最棘手的问题之一。
②序数词、形容词性物主代词和名词所有格等限定词都可以修饰形容词最高级。
Joe is the second tallest boy in our class. 乔是我们班上个子第二高的男孩。
Kate is my best friend. 凯特是我最好的朋友。
Mr Green's biggest problem is pronunciation.格林先生最大的问题就是发音。
三 含有形容词最高级的结构与含有形容词比较级的结构之间的转换
"the+形容词最高级+单数名词(+范围)""形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词(+范围)"和"形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词(+范围)"这三者之间可互相转换。
China is the largest country in Asia.=China is larger than any other country in Asia.=China is larger than the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。
"sb.+be动词+形容词比较级+than anybody else."="No one+be动词+形容词比较级+than sb.",两者都是用比较级表达最高级的句式。
Mary is taller than anybody else.=No one is taller than Mary.玛丽最高。
三、单元写作清单
1. 话题分析
本单元的主题是“运动”,写作任务是讨论体育赛事、运动员以及个人的运动经历和感受等。常见的写作话题有:①介绍运动项目;②分享自己参与某项运动的体验与收获;③讲述一位喜爱的运动员的事迹与品质。
中考文段表达中和该话题有关的命题形式有很多,通常以记叙文或应用文的形式出现,常见的应用文种类有回复邮件或信件、给校报投稿、写演讲稿等。
2.写作框架
根据所给提示,完成一篇不少于50词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
假设你是李华,请写一篇文章记述你们学校上次运动会的场景,内容包含:你们举办的运动会的时间和地点,你参加的项目或为同学们做的工作,以及你的感受和体会。
提示词语:sports meeting, long jump, relay race, 100-meter race, feel, learn from...
内容提示:·When and where did you have the sports meeting?
·What did you do in the sports meeting?
·How did you feel?
3. 写作素材
(1)be full of充满
(2)take part in参加
(3)as soon as一……就……
(3)too...to...太……而不能……
(5)what's more另外;而且
(6)be sure to do sth. 一定要/务必要做某事
(7)try one's best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事
(8)for example例如
(9)decide to do sth. 决定做某事
(10)stop doing sth. 停止做某事
(11)try one's best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力做某事
(12)What an unforgettable sports meeting it was! 真是一次难忘的运动会!
(13)We should think about how we can do better next time. 我们应该想想下次如何能做得更好。
(14)Besides, taking part in sports in a group has a greater influence on mental health than individual sports. 此外,参加团体运动比个人运动对心理健康的影响更大。
4. 范文背诵
We had an unforgettable sports meeting at our school last Friday.
The playground was full of students and teachers. I took part in the relay race, running the last lap, which was the final event. Everyone was very excited. As soon as the race began, everyone was too excited to stop cheering. When it was my turn,I could feel the runner from Class 4 catching up with me. So I tried my best to run faster. Finally, I was the fastest runner in the race and our class won first prize in the most exciting event.
I felt proud to win for my class. What an unforgettable sports meeting it was!
易错点01 It‘s +adj. (for sb.) to do sth.做某事对某人来说怎么样
学英语对我来说很简单。It is so easy for me to learn English.
It’s +adj. (of sb.) to do sth.做某事某人怎么样
帮助我学英语你真的太好了。It’s kind of you to help me learn English.
【对点训练】
1.意见不合时,冷静沟通是明智之举。
It’s wise ________ ________ calmly when you ________ ________ others.
【答案】 to communicate disagree with
【详解】原句中“冷静沟通”和“与他人意见不合”为关键信息,It’s + adj. + to do sth.句型用不定式to communicate,固定搭配disagree with sb.表示“与某人意见不一致”,本句是一般现在时,主语you对应谓语动词原形。
2.对我们来说,学习伟人精神很重要。
It is significant ________ us ________ learn from great people’s spirits.
【答案】 for to
【详解】原句中,“对我们”是关键词,使用“it is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”的固定句型,“for”用于引出动作的对象“us”,“to”后接动词原形构成不定式,契合“对我们来说,学习伟人精神很重要”的语境语义与语法搭配要求。
易错点02 "比较级 + and + 比较级"结构,表示"越来越……"。
若形容词为多音节(或部分双音节)词,则用"more and more + 形容词"。
My brother is fatter and fatter. 我的哥哥越来越胖了。
It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。
【对点训练】
1.现在我们的乐队越来越受欢迎。
Nowadays, our band is getting ________ and ________ popular.
【答案】 more more
【详解】原句中“越来越……”是关键词,表示“越来越……”的结构是“比较级 + and + 比较级”,popular是多音节形容词,不能直接加-er,要用more构成比较级,more and more popular用于表示“越来越受欢迎”,故填more;more。
2.过去一直有沙尘暴,田地也正变得越来越小。
________ ________ sandstorms all the time, and the fields were getting ________ ________ ________.
【答案】 There were smaller and smaller
【详解】原句中“过去一直有沙尘暴”和“变得越来越小”是核心考点。“there be”句型表示“某地/某时存在某物”,句中sandstorms是复数,且描述过去的情况,be动词用were;“比较级+and+比较级”是固定结构,意为“越来越……”,此处“越来越小”对应smaller and smaller,符合田地逐渐缩小的语义。
易错点03 the+比较级,the+比较级越····就越····
The+比较级(+主语+谓语),the+比较级(+主语+谓语)
The harder you study, the luckier you will be.你越努力,就会越幸运。
【对点训练】
1.简而言之,你恢复的时间越长,你就越弱,你的表现就越差。
In a ________, the longer it takes you to recover, the ________ you are and the ________ your performance.
【答案】 nutshell weaker poorer
【详解】原句中“简而言之”、“越弱”、“越差”是关键词,“简而言之”对应短语in a nutshell;“你恢复的时间越长,你就越弱,你的表现就越差”符合“the+比较级..., the+比较级...”句型,“弱”对应的形容词weak的比较级为weaker,“差”对应形容词poor的比较级为poorer。
2.你恢复的时间越长,那个事件对你的行为影响就越大。
The longer it takes you to ________, the more ________ that ________ has on your actions.
【答案】 recover influence incident
【详解】原句中“恢复”、“影响”和“事件”是关键词,句中是“The+比较级……,the+比较级……”结构,意为“越……,就越……”。表示“恢复”的动词是recover。此处位于不定式符号to之后,需用动词原形;表示“影响”的名词是influence。此处作have的宾语,且被more修饰,构成“have influence on”表示“对……产生影响”;表示“事件”的名词是incident,此处作从句主语,that为指示代词,后接单数名词。故填recover;influence;incident。
易错点04 含有形容词最高级的结构与含有形容词比较级的结构之间的转换
"the+形容词最高级+单数名词(+范围)""形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词(+范围)"和"形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词(+范围)"这三者之间可互相转换。
China is the largest country in Asia
.=China is larger than any other country in Asia.
=China is larger than the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。
一、根据首字母或中文提示填空
1. Running is a popular s__________(运动)that helps keep our hearts healthy.
2. Yao Ming is a famous basketball p__________(运动员)in China.
3. She has a great p__________(激情)for swimming and goes to the pool every day.
4. The school basketball t__________(队)won the championship last month.
5. We need to wear proper s__________(运动鞋)when doing sports.
6. Playing football r__________(需要)teamwork and good communication.
7. He broke the school r__________(纪录)for the 100 - meter race.
8. The g__________(健身房)near our school is a good place to exercise.
9. Doing morning e__________(锻炼)is a good way to start the day.
10. Badminton is an e__________(令人兴奋的)sport that many people enjoy.
11. She is training hard to i__________(提高)her tennis skills.
12. The coach gave us some useful a__________(建议)on playing volleyball.
13. Swimming is a good sport for b__________(身体的)health and relaxation.
14. We should warm up before doing any s__________(剧烈的)exercise.
15. His d__________(梦想)is to become a professional football player.
【答案】1. sport 2. player 3. passion 4. team 5. sneakers 6. requires 7. record 8. gym 9. exercises 10. exciting 11. improve 12. advice 13. physical 14. strenuous 15. dream
二.用所给词的适当形式填空
1. My brother enjoys __________(play)football in his free time.
2. She __________(win)the first prize in the school sports meeting last year.
3. We should __________(do)more exercise to keep fit.
4. His dream is __________(become)a famous sports star.
5. The students __________(practice)basketball on the playground now.
6. Let's __________(go)swimming this afternoon.
7. __________(run)is a good way to exercise.
8. She is good at __________(jump)high.
9. We __________(watch)a sports game on TV last night.
10. It's important __________(have)a balanced diet for athletes.
【答案】1. playing 2. won 3. do 4. to become 5. are practicing 6. go 7. Running 8. jumping 9. watched 10. to have
三.句型转换
1. He plays basketball well.(改为一般疑问句)
__________ he __________ basketball well?
2. I like swimming best.(改为同义句)
My __________ sport is swimming.
3. They will hold a sports meeting next month.(改为被动语态)
A sports meeting will __________ __________ next month.
4. She practices running every morning.(对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ does she practice running?
5. Playing sports is good for our health.(改为同义句)
Playing sports __________ __________ to our health.
【答案】1. Does; play 2. favorite 3. be held 4. How often 5. is beneficial
四.翻译句子
1. 运动能帮助我们保持健康和快乐。
Sports can help us __________ healthy and happy.
2. 他每天花一小时打篮球。
He __________ one hour __________ basketball every day.
3. 我们学校的足球队正在为比赛做准备。
Our school football team is __________ __________ the game.
4. 她在体育方面有天赋,经常在比赛中获奖。
She has a __________ for sports and often wins prizes in competitions.
5. 做运动前热身是很重要的。
It's important __________ __________ before doing sports.
【答案】1.keep 2. spends; playing 3. preparing for 4. talent 5. to warm up
五.根据句意完成句子,每空一词
1.我认为英语不像数学那样难。
I don’t think English is maths.
2.他是世界上最受欢迎的钢琴家之一。
He is around the world.
3.我比我哥哥个子高。I am my elder brother.
4.我觉得篮球比足球更令人兴奋。I think basketball is than football.
5.最高的运动员是姚明。The athlete was Yao Ming.
6.我认为约翰是我们班跑得最快的人。I think John is the runner in our class.
7.你是篮球队中最年轻的吗?Are you the in the basketball team?
8.年龄最大的运动员已经67岁了。The athlete was 67 years old.
【答案】1.as difficult 2.one of the most popular pianists 3.taller than 4.more exciting 5.tallest 6.fastest 7.youngest 8.oldest
六.短文填空
阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连贯。
There are three popular sports in the USA.They are basketball, football 1 baseball.
Basketball is 2 (main) an indoor (户内的) game. There are many professional (职业的) teams and school teams. Almost every high school or college in the country has 3 (it) team and a lot of fans. Students can play nearly all the year round.
Baseball is popular in spring and summer. It is 4 seasonal sport. In the warm weather you can see young men and boys 5 (play) the game in any part of the country. There are also professional teams in the sport.
In autumn, the 6 (popular) sport is football. Football is an American sport. It’s only played in the USA.This sport is not so popular in other parts of the world. The 7 (player) wear helmets (头盔), they run with the ball across the other side of the field. They catch the ball in their hands and run fast to score.
In the US, soccer is a different sport. More and more people in the US now become interested 8 soccer. It’s played all over the world. Since people use their 9 (foot) to play the game, English speakers usually call it soccer, football, footie, footy or footer. Many 10 (American) enjoy playing and watching the game.
【答案】1.and 2.mainly 3.its 4.a 5.playing 6.most popular 7.players 8.in 9.feet 10.Americans
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了美国的三种流行的运动——篮球、足球和棒球。
1.句意:在美国有三种流行的体育运动。他们是篮球,足球和棒球。根据前一句“There are three popular sports in the USA.”可知,此句应该是具体说明美国的三种受欢迎的运动是篮球、足球和棒球,表并列关系,所以用并列连词and连接。故填and。
2.句意:篮球主要是室内运动。根据“is”,可知,此处应该用副词修饰动词,结合提示词main“主要的”,形容词,所以应该填入副词形式mainly“主要地”,符合语境。故填mainly。
3.句意:这个国家几乎每所高中或大学都有自己的球队和很多球迷。根据“team”,结合提示词it“它”,人称代词,修饰名词要用形容词性物主代词its,表示“它们的,自己的”。故填its。
4.句意:这是一项季节性运动。根据语境可知,此处表泛指,seasonal是以辅音音素开头的单词,所以此处应该填入不定冠词a,表示“一项,一种”符合语境。故填a。
5.句意:在温暖的天气里,你可以看到年轻人和男孩在这个国家的任何地方正在玩这个游戏。根据分析句子可知,此处考查非谓语形式:see sb. doing sth“看到某人正在做某事”,结合提示词play可知,此处应该填playing,现在分词作后置定语,表示“正在玩这个游戏”。故填playing。
6.句意:在秋天,最流行的运动是足球。根据“the”,结合提示词popular“受欢迎的”,结合语境可知,此处考查形容词的最高级,所以应该填入most,后跟形容词popular,表示“最受欢迎的”符合语境。故填most popular。
7.句意:球员们戴着头盔,他们带着球跑过球场的另一边。根据本句谓语动词“wear”是复数形式,遵循主谓一致原则,所以此处应该填入复数名词players“运动员”,作主语。故填players。
8.句意:现在越来越多的美国人对足球感兴趣。根据“become interested”,结合句意可知,此处考查固定结构:become interested in…,意为“对……感兴趣”,所以此处应该填入介词in。故填in。
9.句意:因为人们用脚踢球,所以说英语的人通常称之为足球、足球、足球、足球或者脚注。根据“their”可知,此处名词foot要用复数形式feet,表示“他们的脚”。故填feet。
10.句意:许多美国人喜欢玩和看比赛。根据“Many”后跟可数名词复数形式,结合American“美国人”可知,此处应该填入复数名词Americans,作主语。故填Americans。
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