Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking（分层作业）英语人教版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 分层设计清晰，从词汇基础到语篇综合，衔接高考真题，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|短语翻译、单词拼写、基础语法|单一知识点强化，题量充足，夯实语言基础| |B组能力进阶|句型应用、语篇语法填空|从单句到语篇，综合语法运用，提升分析能力| |C组思维拔高|多题材阅读理解（含高考真题）|复杂语篇解读，培养推断评价能力，衔接高考|

分层作业 Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 做某事至关重要 2. 被认为…… 3. 尽心尽力做某事 4. 在……方面与……截然不同 5. 大家公认…… 6. 打败对手/敌人 7. 坚持（做）某事 8. 承认做了某事 9. 惜败/惨败 10. 坚持（做）某事 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1.Reading is of ______ (极其重要的) importance in language learning. 2.I find it difficult to be ______ (客观的) where he is concerned. 3.Parents play a ______ (关键的) role in preparing their child for school. 4.Fixing his eyes on the jewellery, he didn’t know how to ______ (评估) it. 5.I want to put up a fence between our ______ (地产) and our neighbour’s. 6.The doctor insisted that the patient be fed ______ (液体的) food. 7.He ______ (获得) a loan from the government. 8.He is widely ______ (承认) as the best player in the world. 9.He hesitated to deal with the dangerous ______ (物质). 10.The doctor ______ (分析) the food and found that it contained poison. 三、单句语法填空。 1.Taking out a loan is crucial ______ the success of the company. 2.It is vital that he ______ (be) willing to help us by means of his traditional medical knowledge. 3.He is committed to ______ (do) his academic research. 4.I ought to drink some ______ (boil) water to wash down medicine after breakfast. 5.In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got ______ (stick). 6.As a matter of fact, damaged but not ______ (defeat), he was still ahead of me and I was right to have admired him. 7.They set up a ______ (science) organisation to explore the unknown world. 8.“This used to be the centre of town,” he said. “Now the area is ______ (most) office buildings and warehouses.” 9.They insist ______ sticking to the basic principle of the law. 10.______ (apparent) satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.As far as I’m concerned, reading is ________________ in language learning. 就我个人而言，阅读在语言学习中至关重要。 2.The marathon is the final Olympic event because it ________________ the hardest. 马拉松是奥运会最后的赛事，因为它被认为是最难的。 3.________________ the country, the women’s volleyball team received praise and flowers. 女排姑娘们一回国，就收到了赞誉和鲜花。 4.The Silk Road was not just one single road, but ________________ by which goods were transported between the East and the West. 丝绸之路不是单纯的一条路，而是一整套路线，通过这些路线货物在东西方之间运输。 5.Although my sister didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that ________________ the trip properly. 虽然我姐姐对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持自己要把这次旅游安排好。 五、语法填空 Tu Youyou was awarded with the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2015, because she had discovered artemisinin, which 1 (use) as a crucial new treatment for malaria to save millions of people. Born in Ningbo, China, she graduated 2 Peking University Medical School in 1955. She was among the first researchers 3 (choose) for the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria. At first, she went to Hainan because there were more malaria 4 (patient). When she headed the project in 1969, she decided to find traditional 5 (botany) treatments for the disease, so her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts and evaluated 280, 000 plants, from 6 they tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments. Though Tu’s team tested dried wormwood leaves and tried the liquid obtained by 7 (boil) fresh wormwood, they failed in vain. However, Tu didn’t acknowledge defeat and analysed the medical texts again, finding a new way 8 (treat) the wormwood. After failing over 190 times, the team 9 (final) succeeded in 1971. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. Tu owed the honor to the efforts of a team and she felt it 10 honor to spread traditional Chinese medicine around the world. 6、 阅读理解 （25-26高一上·广州番禺·期末） A Life experiences can show one's "grit"（坚韧）． Complex challenges early in life helped the following people develop skills that got them to the top of their professions． Ursula Burns， Chairwoman， VEON； Former CEO， Xerox Her family was so poor that her single mother traded office cleaning for health care． But Burns' early gift for math won her a scholarship and an internship at Xerox， where she would compete her way to the top． "I'm a black lady from the Lower East Side，" she says． "Not a lot scares me．" Howard Schultz， Executive Chairman， Starbucks Schultz grew up in public housing in Brooklyn， surrounded by poverty， and was the first in his family to go to college （on a football scholarship）． After training in sales， he set up the company that would later buy Starbucks． "In the course of the year I spent trying to raise money， I spoke to 242 people， and 217 of them said no．" he said． Sean Combs， CEO， Sean John Combs began a generation of hip﹣hop talent and made a lasting influence on fashion． But his story could have turned out much differently： his drug dealer father was killed when he was 3． "It made me work even harder．" he recently said． Geisha Williams， CEO， PG&E Her parents fled Cuba when Williams was 5． By 7， she was her parents' main translator in talks with lawyers and accountants at grocery stores they owned in New Jersey． The experience did help her． "I went from thinking I could be a manager to thinking I could do something much bigger．" she told Fortune． 1. Who did best in math at school？ A. Combs． B. Burns． C. Schultz． D. Williams． 2. How did the death of Combs' father influence him？ A. It made him a failure． B. He became a drug dealer． C. It made him even stronger． D. He became a hip﹣hopper． 3. What can we learn from the passage？ A. Cuba is a good place to do business． B. No one wanted to help Schultz at first． C. Poor family kids can be successful easily． D. Difficulty in life pushed Williams forward． （25-26高一上·河南省商丘市睢县高级中学·月考） B Gray had great academic performance in high school and wanted to apply to Harvard and other top schools, but could not afford the application fees, let alone school fees. But with a passion for business, he dreamed of attending a college in the Northeast so he could be close to New York City and other major business centers. In the process of his application, Gray was determined to deal with it by himself. He looked at hundreds of websites, checking scholarship requirements. Many scholarships had very specific qualifications that he didn’t meet. But Gray had 600 volunteer hours and started a nonprofit organization which organized volunteer opportunities for students when he was in high school. So he searched for scholarships that looked for excellent grades combined with leadership and community service. Soon, he got the Gates Millennium Scholarship, which covers school fees from a bachelor’s to a doctor’s degree. A $20,000 scholarship from Coca-Cola followed. He also received an 820,000 Horatio Alger Scholarship and the $ 10,000 Axa Achievement Scholarship. And smaller awards just kept coming. In the end, he had amazing success, receiving 34 scholarships worth $1.3 million — enough to pay for years of school, plus cover his living expenses with some leftover to invest. Gray has used the money for schooling, room and board, daily supplies, travel for interviews, and other needs. After appearing at national conferences and in the media, hundreds of students and parents have emailed and called for advice, which inspired Gray, now a business major at Drexel, to make a mobile-phone app called Scholly—short for “scholarships”— to help other teens get scholarship money. Though the app had thousands of downloads, Gray and his colleagues decided to keep the price only at 99 cents because their purpose was more public service than profit. As for his career plans, he has the goal of a true enterpriser: “Ideally not to have to get a job when I graduate.” 4. What did Gray do when he applied for scholarships? A. He started a nonprofit organization. B. He took part in community service. C. He checked requirements with teammates. D. He matched his strengths with the criteria. 5. Why does Gray develop Scholly? A. To appeal for more downloads. B. To help other teens make apps. C. To facilitate scholarship application. D. To raise funds for his own schooling. 6. Which of the following best describe Christopher Gray? A. Tolerant and diligent. B. Ambitious and generous. C. Creative and humble. D. Stubborn and adventurous. 7. What does Gray intend to do for his future career? A. Starting his own business. B. Working for a charity. C. Maintaining his current job. D. Getting a high paid job. （2024·全国一卷·阅读B） “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. （2022·全国一卷·阅读B） Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road. Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says. 24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story? A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times. C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food. 25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test? A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm. C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation. 26. What does Curtin’s company do? A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel. C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food. 27. What does Curtin suggest people do? A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption. C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often. （2021·全国一卷·阅读B） By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.” Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside  the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage. “A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music  when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained. Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner. But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.” Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to  help her out on stage. “My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.” 1．What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner? A．Read music. B．Play the piano. C．Sing songs. D．Fix the instruments. 2．Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage? A．Boring. B．Well-paid. C．Demanding. D．Dangerous. 3．What does Titterton need to practise? A．Counting the pages. B．Recognizing the “nodding”. C．Catching falling objects. D．Performing in his own style. 4．Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband “the worst page turner”? A．He has very poor eyesight. B．He ignores the audience. C．He has no interest in music. D．He forgets to do his job. 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $分层作业 Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 做某事至关重要 2. 被认为…… 3. 尽心尽力做某事 4. 在……方面与……截然不同 5. 大家公认…… 6. 打败对手/敌人 7. 坚持（做）某事 8. 承认做了某事 9. 惜败/惨败 __________________ 10. 坚持（做）某事 _______________ 【答案】 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.It is crucial (for sb.) to do sth. 2.be thought to do 3.be committed to (doing) sth. 4.be distinct from... in 5.It is universally acknowledged that... 6.defeat/beat opponents/enemies 7.insist on/upon (doing) sth. 8.acknowledge doing/having done sth. 9.narrow/heavy defeat 10.insist on 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1.Reading is of ______ (极其重要的) importance in language learning. 2.I find it difficult to be ______ (客观的) where he is concerned. 3.Parents play a ______ (关键的) role in preparing their child for school. 4.Fixing his eyes on the jewellery, he didn’t know how to ______ (评估) it. 5.I want to put up a fence between our ______ (地产) and our neighbour’s. 6.The doctor insisted that the patient be fed ______ (液体的) food. 7.He ______ (获得) a loan from the government. 8.He is widely ______ (承认) as the best player in the world. 9.He hesitated to deal with the dangerous ______ (物质). 10.The doctor ______ (分析) the food and found that it contained poison. 【答案】 1.vital 2.objective 3.crucial 4.evaluate 5.property 6.liquid 7.obtained 8.acknowledged 9.substance 10.analysed 三、单句语法填空。 1.Taking out a loan is crucial ______ the success of the company. 2.It is vital that he ______ (be) willing to help us by means of his traditional medical knowledge. 3.He is committed to ______ (do) his academic research. 4.I ought to drink some ______ (boil) water to wash down medicine after breakfast. 5.In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got ______ (stick). 6.As a matter of fact, damaged but not ______ (defeat), he was still ahead of me and I was right to have admired him. 7.They set up a ______ (science) organisation to explore the unknown world. 8.“This used to be the centre of town,” he said. “Now the area is ______ (most) office buildings and warehouses.” 9.They insist ______ sticking to the basic principle of the law. 10.______ (apparent) satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went. 【答案】 1.to/for 2.(should)be 3.doing 4.boiled 5.stuck 6.defeated 7.scientific 8.mostly 9.on/upon 10.Apparently 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.As far as I’m concerned, reading is ________________ in language learning. 就我个人而言，阅读在语言学习中至关重要。 2.The marathon is the final Olympic event because it ________________ the hardest. 马拉松是奥运会最后的赛事，因为它被认为是最难的。 3.________________ the country, the women’s volleyball team received praise and flowers. 女排姑娘们一回国，就收到了赞誉和鲜花。 4.The Silk Road was not just one single road, but ________________ by which goods were transported between the East and the West. 丝绸之路不是单纯的一条路，而是一整套路线，通过这些路线货物在东西方之间运输。 5.Although my sister didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that ________________ the trip properly. 虽然我姐姐对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持自己要把这次旅游安排好。 【答案】 1.of vital importance / vital 2.is thought to be 3.Upon their return to / returning to 4.a whole collection of routes 5.she (should) organise 五、语法填空 Tu Youyou was awarded with the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2015, because she had discovered artemisinin, which 1 (use) as a crucial new treatment for malaria to save millions of people. Born in Ningbo, China, she graduated 2 Peking University Medical School in 1955. She was among the first researchers 3 (choose) for the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria. At first, she went to Hainan because there were more malaria 4 (patient). When she headed the project in 1969, she decided to find traditional 5 (botany) treatments for the disease, so her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts and evaluated 280, 000 plants, from 6 they tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments. Though Tu’s team tested dried wormwood leaves and tried the liquid obtained by 7 (boil) fresh wormwood, they failed in vain. However, Tu didn’t acknowledge defeat and analysed the medical texts again, finding a new way 8 (treat) the wormwood. After failing over 190 times, the team 9 (final) succeeded in 1971. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. Tu owed the honor to the efforts of a team and she felt it 10 honor to spread traditional Chinese medicine around the world. 【文章大意】文章报道了屠呦呦团队历尽千辛万苦发现青蒿素并获得诺贝尔奖的经历。 【答案】1．was used 2．from 3．chosen 4．patients 5．botanical 6．which 7．boiling 8．to treat 9．finally 10．an 【详解】1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：屠呦呦于2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，因为她发现了青蒿素，它被当作一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新方法被使用，挽救了数百万人的生命。which指代先行词artemisinin，在定语从句中作主语，which后缺少谓语，和use是被动关系，描述过去的事情用一般过去时，主语是单数，谓语也用单数，故填was used。 2．考查介词。句意：她出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。graduate from表示“从……毕业”，故填from。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：她是第一批被选的以发现疟疾新疗法为目标的研究者之一。谓语是was，choose是非谓语动词，和researcher是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填chosen。 4．考查名词。句意：起初，她去了海南，因为那里有更多的疟疾病人。根据were和more可知后面用名词复数，故填patients。 5．考查形容词。句意：当她在1969年领导这个项目时，她决定寻找治疗这种疾病的传统(植物学)方法，因此她的团队检查了2000多份古老的医学文献，评估了28万种植物，从中测试了380种不同的古代中国医学疗法。形容词修饰名词treatment，作定语，故填botanical。 6．考查定语从句。句意：当她在1969年领导这个项目时，她决定寻找治疗这种疾病的传统植物学方法，因此她的团队检查了2000多份古老的医学文献，评估了28万种植物，从中测试了380种不同的古代中国医学疗法。先行词280, 000 plants，在定语从句中作介词from的宾语，故填which。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管屠的团队测试了干艾叶，并尝试了从新鲜艾叶中获得的液体，但他们都失败了。介词by后面用动名词作宾语，故填boiling。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，屠不服输，重新分析了医学文献，找到了治疗艾草的新方法。way后用动词不定式作定语，故填to treat。 9．考查副词。句意：在失败了190多次之后，1971年团队最终成功了。副词修饰动词succeed，作状语，故填finally。 10．考查冠词。句意：屠认为这是一个团队的努力，她觉得在世界各地传播中医是一种荣誉。可数名词前用不定冠词，表示一个，honor是元音音素开头的单词，前面用an，故填an。 6、 阅读理解 （25-26高一上·广州番禺·期末） A Life experiences can show one's "grit"（坚韧）． Complex challenges early in life helped the following people develop skills that got them to the top of their professions． Ursula Burns， Chairwoman， VEON； Former CEO， Xerox Her family was so poor that her single mother traded office cleaning for health care． But Burns' early gift for math won her a scholarship and an internship at Xerox， where she would compete her way to the top． "I'm a black lady from the Lower East Side，" she says． "Not a lot scares me．" Howard Schultz， Executive Chairman， Starbucks Schultz grew up in public housing in Brooklyn， surrounded by poverty， and was the first in his family to go to college （on a football scholarship）． After training in sales， he set up the company that would later buy Starbucks． "In the course of the year I spent trying to raise money， I spoke to 242 people， and 217 of them said no．" he said． Sean Combs， CEO， Sean John Combs began a generation of hip﹣hop talent and made a lasting influence on fashion． But his story could have turned out much differently： his drug dealer father was killed when he was 3． "It made me work even harder．" he recently said． Geisha Williams， CEO， PG&E Her parents fled Cuba when Williams was 5． By 7， she was her parents' main translator in talks with lawyers and accountants at grocery stores they owned in New Jersey． The experience did help her． "I went from thinking I could be a manager to thinking I could do something much bigger．" she told Fortune． 1. Who did best in math at school？ A. Combs． B. Burns． C. Schultz． D. Williams． 2. How did the death of Combs' father influence him？ A. It made him a failure． B. He became a drug dealer． C. It made him even stronger． D. He became a hip﹣hopper． 3. What can we learn from the passage？ A. Cuba is a good place to do business． B. No one wanted to help Schultz at first． C. Poor family kids can be successful easily． D. Difficulty in life pushed Williams forward． 【导语】本文为记叙文。生活经历可以展示一个人的“勇气”。在人生的早期，复杂的挑战帮助人们发展了技能，使他们成为专业的佼佼者。文章介绍了这样的四个人。 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的But Burns' early gift for math won her a scholarship and an internship at Xerox，where she would compete her way to the top．可知在学校Burns的数学学得最好，因此答案选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。结合文章第七段中的 But his story could have turned out much differently： his drug dealer father was killed when he was 3． "It made me work even harder．" he recently said．可以得知Sean Combs的父亲的死让Sean Combs更加努力学习，变得更加坚强，由此可知答案选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句话“Her parents fled Cuba when Williams was 5． By 7， she was her parents' main translator in talks with lawyers and accountants at grocery stores they owned in New Jersey． The experience did help her.”（当她五岁的时候，她的父母逃离了古巴。到7岁的可知时候，她是父母的翻译和所经营的商店的会计，这个经历帮助了她变得强大的时候。），逃离的经历使她变得强大，因此答案选D。 （25-26高一上·河南省商丘市睢县高级中学·月考） B Gray had great academic performance in high school and wanted to apply to Harvard and other top schools, but could not afford the application fees, let alone school fees. But with a passion for business, he dreamed of attending a college in the Northeast so he could be close to New York City and other major business centers. In the process of his application, Gray was determined to deal with it by himself. He looked at hundreds of websites, checking scholarship requirements. Many scholarships had very specific qualifications that he didn’t meet. But Gray had 600 volunteer hours and started a nonprofit organization which organized volunteer opportunities for students when he was in high school. So he searched for scholarships that looked for excellent grades combined with leadership and community service. Soon, he got the Gates Millennium Scholarship, which covers school fees from a bachelor’s to a doctor’s degree. A $20,000 scholarship from Coca-Cola followed. He also received an 820,000 Horatio Alger Scholarship and the $ 10,000 Axa Achievement Scholarship. And smaller awards just kept coming. In the end, he had amazing success, receiving 34 scholarships worth $1.3 million — enough to pay for years of school, plus cover his living expenses with some leftover to invest. Gray has used the money for schooling, room and board, daily supplies, travel for interviews, and other needs. After appearing at national conferences and in the media, hundreds of students and parents have emailed and called for advice, which inspired Gray, now a business major at Drexel, to make a mobile-phone app called Scholly—short for “scholarships”— to help other teens get scholarship money. Though the app had thousands of downloads, Gray and his colleagues decided to keep the price only at 99 cents because their purpose was more public service than profit. As for his career plans, he has the goal of a true enterpriser: “Ideally not to have to get a job when I graduate.” 4. What did Gray do when he applied for scholarships? A. He started a nonprofit organization. B. He took part in community service. C. He checked requirements with teammates. D. He matched his strengths with the criteria. 5. Why does Gray develop Scholly? A. To appeal for more downloads. B. To help other teens make apps. C. To facilitate scholarship application. D. To raise funds for his own schooling. 6. Which of the following best describe Christopher Gray? A. Tolerant and diligent. B. Ambitious and generous. C. Creative and humble. D. Stubborn and adventurous. 7. What does Gray intend to do for his future career? A. Starting his own business. B. Working for a charity. C. Maintaining his current job. D. Getting a high paid job. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了格雷梦想申请哈佛和其他顶尖学校，但付不起申请费和学费。为此他将自己的优势与奖学金申请标准相匹配，最终获得很多奖学金。而且他还制作了一款名为Scholly的手机应用程序帮助其他青少年获得奖学金。 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 【解析】 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二自然段“But Gray had 600 volunteer hours and started a nonprofit organization which organized volunteer opportunities for students when he was in high school. So he searched for scholarships that looked for excellent grades combined with leadership and community service. (但格雷在高中时有600个小时志愿者经历，并创办了一个非营利组织，为学生组织志愿者机会。因此，他寻找奖学金，寻找优秀的成绩与领导力和社区服务相结合的奖学金。)”可知，在申请奖学金时，格雷将自己的优势与标准相匹配。故选D。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四自然段“…which inspired Gray, now a business major at Drexel, to make a mobile-phone app called Scholly—short for “scholarships”— to help other teens get scholarship money. (……这激发了格雷的灵感，他现在是德雷塞尔大学的商科专业学生，他制作了一款名为Scholly的手机应用程序，简称“奖学金”，帮助其他青少年获得奖学金。)”可知，格雷制作Scholly是为奖学金申请提供便利。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三自然段“In the end, he had amazing success, receiving 34 scholarships worth $1.3 million (最终，他取得了惊人的成功，获得了34个奖学金，价值130万美元)”格雷获得巨额奖学金的经历以及最后一段“Though the app had thousands of downloads, Gray and his colleagues decided to keep the price only at 99 cents because their purpose was more public service than profit. As for his career plans, he has the goal of a true enterpriser: “Ideally not to have to get a job when I graduate.”(管该应用程序有数千次下载，但格雷和他的同事决定将价格保持在99美分，因为他们的目的更多的是公共服务，而不是利润。至于他的职业计划，他有一个真正的企业家的目标：“理想情况下，我毕业时不必找工作。”可知，格雷毕业后想自己创业当企业家。由此可以看出格雷既有野心又慷慨大方。故选B。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“As for his career plans, he has the goal of a true enterpriser: “Ideally not to have to get a job when I graduate.”(至于他的职业计划，他有一个真正的企业家的目标：“理想情况下，我毕业时不必找工作。”)”可知，格雷未来打算自己创业。故选A。 （2024·全国一卷·阅读B） “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点戒备的姿态，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。 【26题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。 （2022·全国一卷·阅读B） Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road. Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says. 24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story? A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times. C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food. 25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test? A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm. C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation. 26. What does Curtin’s company do? A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel. C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food. 27. What does Curtin suggest people do? A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption. C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often. 【答案】24. B 25. B 26. D 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B项。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D项。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A项。 （2021·全国一卷·阅读B） By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.” Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside  the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage. “A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music  when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained. Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner. But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.” Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to  help her out on stage. “My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.” 1．What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner? A．Read music. B．Play the piano. C．Sing songs. D．Fix the instruments. 2．Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage? A．Boring. B．Well-paid. C．Demanding. D．Dangerous. 3．What does Titterton need to practise? A．Counting the pages. B．Recognizing the “nodding”. C．Catching falling objects. D．Performing in his own style. 4．Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband “the worst page turner”? A．He has very poor eyesight. B．He ignores the audience. C．He has no interest in music. D．He forgets to do his job. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了为钢琴演奏者做翻页工作的Robert Titterton和他的工作情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.(我不是受过训练的音乐家，但我学会了识谱，这样我就可以在Maria的表演中帮助她)”可知，因为Titterton识谱，所以可以在Maria的钢琴表演中为她翻页。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.(这项工作需要很多技能。你必须确保你不会一次翻两页并且必要的时候确保你回到前面找到音乐重复的部分)”可知，为钢琴家翻页这项工作很需要技巧，所以Titterton的工作要求是很高的。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.(无声的舞台交流是关键，每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”风格来表示翻页，他们需要和翻页者进行练习)”可知，Titterton需要练习识别钢琴演奏者的“点头”示意来翻页。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’(他对音乐很感兴趣，感受着每一个音符，所以我不得不说：“翻页，翻页！”)”可知，Ms Raspopova的丈夫因为对音乐感兴趣，所以帮她翻页的时候总是沉浸在音乐中而忘掉自己的工作，她不得不去提醒。故选D项。 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $分层作业 Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.It is crucial (for sb.) to do sth. 2.be thought to do 3.be committed to (doing) sth. 4.be distinct from... in 5.It is universally acknowledged that... 6.defeat/beat opponents/enemies 7.insist on/upon (doing) sth. 8.acknowledge doing/having done sth. 9.narrow/heavy defeat 10.insist on 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1.vital 2.objective 3.crucial 4.evaluate 5.property 6.liquid 7.obtained 8.acknowledged 9.substance 10.analysed 三、单句语法填空。 1.to/for 2.(should)be 3.doing 4.boiled 5.stuck 6.defeated 7.scientific 8.mostly 9.on/upon 10.Apparently 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.of vital importance / vital 2.is thought to be 3.Upon their return to / returning to 4.a whole collection of routes 5.she (should) organise 五、语法填空 【文章大意】文章报道了屠呦呦团队历尽千辛万苦发现青蒿素并获得诺贝尔奖的经历。 【答案】1．was used 2．from 3．chosen 4．patients 5．botanical 6．which 7．boiling 8．to treat 9．finally 10．an 【详解】1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：屠呦呦于2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，因为她发现了青蒿素，它被当作一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新方法被使用，挽救了数百万人的生命。which指代先行词artemisinin，在定语从句中作主语，which后缺少谓语，和use是被动关系，描述过去的事情用一般过去时，主语是单数，谓语也用单数，故填was used。 2．考查介词。句意：她出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。graduate from表示“从……毕业”，故填from。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：她是第一批被选的以发现疟疾新疗法为目标的研究者之一。谓语是was，choose是非谓语动词，和researcher是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填chosen。 4．考查名词。句意：起初，她去了海南，因为那里有更多的疟疾病人。根据were和more可知后面用名词复数，故填patients。 5．考查形容词。句意：当她在1969年领导这个项目时，她决定寻找治疗这种疾病的传统(植物学)方法，因此她的团队检查了2000多份古老的医学文献，评估了28万种植物，从中测试了380种不同的古代中国医学疗法。形容词修饰名词treatment，作定语，故填botanical。 6．考查定语从句。句意：当她在1969年领导这个项目时，她决定寻找治疗这种疾病的传统植物学方法，因此她的团队检查了2000多份古老的医学文献，评估了28万种植物，从中测试了380种不同的古代中国医学疗法。先行词280, 000 plants，在定语从句中作介词from的宾语，故填which。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管屠的团队测试了干艾叶，并尝试了从新鲜艾叶中获得的液体，但他们都失败了。介词by后面用动名词作宾语，故填boiling。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，屠不服输，重新分析了医学文献，找到了治疗艾草的新方法。way后用动词不定式作定语，故填to treat。 9．考查副词。句意：在失败了190多次之后，1971年团队最终成功了。副词修饰动词succeed，作状语，故填finally。 10．考查冠词。句意：屠认为这是一个团队的努力，她觉得在世界各地传播中医是一种荣誉。可数名词前用不定冠词，表示一个，honor是元音音素开头的单词，前面用an，故填an。 6、 阅读理解 （25-26高一上·广州番禺·期末） 【导语】本文为记叙文。生活经历可以展示一个人的“勇气”。在人生的早期，复杂的挑战帮助人们发展了技能，使他们成为专业的佼佼者。文章介绍了这样的四个人。 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的But Burns' early gift for math won her a scholarship and an internship at Xerox，where she would compete her way to the top．可知在学校Burns的数学学得最好，因此答案选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。结合文章第七段中的 But his story could have turned out much differently： his drug dealer father was killed when he was 3． "It made me work even harder．" he recently said．可以得知Sean Combs的父亲的死让Sean Combs更加努力学习，变得更加坚强，由此可知答案选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句话“Her parents fled Cuba when Williams was 5． By 7， she was her parents' main translator in talks with lawyers and accountants at grocery stores they owned in New Jersey． The experience did help her.”（当她五岁的时候，她的父母逃离了古巴。到7岁的可知时候，她是父母的翻译和所经营的商店的会计，这个经历帮助了她变得强大的时候。），逃离的经历使她变得强大，因此答案选D。 （25-26高一上·河南省商丘市睢县高级中学·月考） 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了格雷梦想申请哈佛和其他顶尖学校，但付不起申请费和学费。为此他将自己的优势与奖学金申请标准相匹配，最终获得很多奖学金。而且他还制作了一款名为Scholly的手机应用程序帮助其他青少年获得奖学金。 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 【解析】 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二自然段“But Gray had 600 volunteer hours and started a nonprofit organization which organized volunteer opportunities for students when he was in high school. So he searched for scholarships that looked for excellent grades combined with leadership and community service. (但格雷在高中时有600个小时志愿者经历，并创办了一个非营利组织，为学生组织志愿者机会。因此，他寻找奖学金，寻找优秀的成绩与领导力和社区服务相结合的奖学金。)”可知，在申请奖学金时，格雷将自己的优势与标准相匹配。故选D。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四自然段“…which inspired Gray, now a business major at Drexel, to make a mobile-phone app called Scholly—short for “scholarships”— to help other teens get scholarship money. (……这激发了格雷的灵感，他现在是德雷塞尔大学的商科专业学生，他制作了一款名为Scholly的手机应用程序，简称“奖学金”，帮助其他青少年获得奖学金。)”可知，格雷制作Scholly是为奖学金申请提供便利。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三自然段“In the end, he had amazing success, receiving 34 scholarships worth $1.3 million (最终，他取得了惊人的成功，获得了34个奖学金，价值130万美元)”格雷获得巨额奖学金的经历以及最后一段“Though the app had thousands of downloads, Gray and his colleagues decided to keep the price only at 99 cents because their purpose was more public service than profit. As for his career plans, he has the goal of a true enterpriser: “Ideally not to have to get a job when I graduate.”(管该应用程序有数千次下载，但格雷和他的同事决定将价格保持在99美分，因为他们的目的更多的是公共服务，而不是利润。至于他的职业计划，他有一个真正的企业家的目标：“理想情况下，我毕业时不必找工作。”可知，格雷毕业后想自己创业当企业家。由此可以看出格雷既有野心又慷慨大方。故选B。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“As for his career plans, he has the goal of a true enterpriser: “Ideally not to have to get a job when I graduate.”(至于他的职业计划，他有一个真正的企业家的目标：“理想情况下，我毕业时不必找工作。”)”可知，格雷未来打算自己创业。故选A。 （2024·全国一卷·阅读B） 【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点戒备的姿态，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。 【26题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。 （2022·全国一卷·阅读B） 【答案】24. B 25. B 26. D 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B项。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D项。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A项。 （2021·全国一卷·阅读B） 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了为钢琴演奏者做翻页工作的Robert Titterton和他的工作情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.(我不是受过训练的音乐家，但我学会了识谱，这样我就可以在Maria的表演中帮助她)”可知，因为Titterton识谱，所以可以在Maria的钢琴表演中为她翻页。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.(这项工作需要很多技能。你必须确保你不会一次翻两页并且必要的时候确保你回到前面找到音乐重复的部分)”可知，为钢琴家翻页这项工作很需要技巧，所以Titterton的工作要求是很高的。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.(无声的舞台交流是关键，每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”风格来表示翻页，他们需要和翻页者进行练习)”可知，Titterton需要练习识别钢琴演奏者的“点头”示意来翻页。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’(他对音乐很感兴趣，感受着每一个音符，所以我不得不说：“翻页，翻页！”)”可知，Ms Raspopova的丈夫因为对音乐感兴趣，所以帮她翻页的时候总是沉浸在音乐中而忘掉自己的工作，她不得不去提醒。故选D项。 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $