Unit 2 Period 1 Reading and Thinking（分层作业）英语人教版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 2 Period 1 Reading and Thinking分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一．（1）汉译英 1． adj. 方便的；近便的→ adv. 便利地；合宜地→ n. 便利；方便的事物 2． n. 益处 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于→ adj. 有益的，有利的；有用的 3． n. 距离→ adj. 遥远的；冷漠的；远隔的→ adv. 远离地；疏远地；冷淡地 4． vt. 鼓舞；激励；启发思考→ adj. 鼓舞人心的；灌输的；启发灵感的→ n. 灵感；鼓舞；妙计 5． n. 通道；（使用、查阅、接近或面见的）机会 vt. 进入；使用；获取→ adj. 易接近的；可进入的；可理解的 6． adj. 粗鲁的；无礼的→ adv. 无礼地；粗暴地→ n. 无礼；粗蛮 7． adj. 让人难堪（尴尬；害羞）的→ adv. 使人尴尬地；令人难堪地→ adj. 尴尬的；窘迫的→ vt. 使局促不安；使困窘；阻碍→ n. 窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据 8． n. 隐私；私密→ adj. 私人的；秘密的→ adv. 私下地；秘密地 9． adj. 熟悉；熟知→ adv. 不拘礼节地；亲密地；精通地→ n. 熟悉，精通；亲密；随便 10． vt. 给……下定义；界定；解释→ adv. 清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地→ n. 定义；[物]清晰度；解说 （2）汉译英 1．switch 关/开（电灯、机器等） 2．respond 对……做出反应 3． addition 此外；另外；也 4． example 例如 5．keep track 掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态 6． well 也；又；还 7．early 在初期；早先 8．prevent... doing sth. 阻止……做某事 9．provide… ... 给……提供…… 10． this sense 从这种意义上来讲 二、单句语法填空 1．They can warn you early on if there is something (normal) or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life. 2． (critical) thinking helps us avoid making hasty decisions. 3．If you have a (prefer) for something, you would like to have or do that thing rather than something else. 4．Governments often fund research to stimulate (innovation). 5．Her morning (routinely) includes exercise and meditation. 6．Find the (mode) in this dataset: 5, 5, 7, 9. 7．The familiar melody brought back my (distance) memories. 8．She has a strong (prefer) for tea over coffee. 9．The Indians used to put their ears to the ground to hear a (distance) noise. 10．Successfully (persuade) David not to quit the cross-country race, I smiled with relief. 11．The dark clouds gathering on the horizon were a clear ________ (warn) of the approaching storm that would soon sweep across the plains. 12．Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting (normal) genes early on. 13．Growth is not an (automatically) process. 14．As more and more foreigners start to study Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through (innovate), and its inclusiveness. 15．That is a (potential) dangerous situation to him. 三、（1）根据汉语意思翻译下列句子 1．他一进家门，就发现晚餐已经准备好了。(the instant) 2．委员会要求在截止日期前提交所有的相关文件。(demand) 3．随着技术创新和新能源的蓬勃发展，风能和太阳能将日益主导能源供应，实现温室气体零排放的目标指日可待。(reach) 4．与会人员一致认为，面对全球气候变化和能源危机的挑战，随着技术的不断发展和市场的持续扩大，在新能源车方面投资的潜力不可限量。(invest) 5．中国传统文化的未来，必将是古老智慧与现代创新的相互交融，生生不息。 (hold) 6．大数据分析帮助零售商更好地了解客户偏好并优化产品供应。(汉译英) 7．黄浦江东岸的璀璨光影将与滨江花海交相辉映，为市民呈现一幅融合科技与生态的城市画卷。(in harmony) 8．它有为现有的应用程序注入新生命的潜力。（breathe） 9．无论公司现在正经历怎样的艰难时光，都应该首先考虑整合新技术以提高竞争力。（tough） 10．经历过人生的起起伏伏，这位长跑运动员终于明白，成功既需要日复一日的坚持，也需要关键时刻的战略性决策。（dawn） 11．我说服她去尝试一下网球。 12．我们生活在一个更多的信息可以获得的时代。 (定语从句；available) 13．正是通过每一个温暖的指引与鼓励，他发现了自己潜藏的潜力，意识到真正的成长往往源自每一个小而坚定的进步。 14．这家颇具欧式浪漫之都魅力的甜品店，以馥郁的黄油香气与靓丽的视觉体验为特色，一经开业，门口就车水马龙，让这条差点退出历史舞台的商业街焕发第二春。(feature) 15．我没有料到这居然是我毕业前与赵老师的最后一次见面，他去支教了，把教育的火炬从上海带到云南，在那个遥远的地方点燃更多渴求知识的孩子的生命。(strike) 三、（24-25高二下·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面的短文，根据上下文在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Window design has undergone a long evolutionary process in the past centuries. We are used to 1 (see) square windows in most building structures. Now, think about airplanes and jetliners, which always have round windows. How strange 2 would be to walk down the passage of a jetliner and fasten your seat belt next to a square window. Actually, square windows 3 (be) the typical form in early commercial airplane industry. However, it was not until the occurrence of several tragic events that engineers started to re-examine 4 airplane window design. In the 1950s, commercial airliners were getting bigger and they also started breaking apart in mid-air. Two of those were de Havilland Comets, which happened in separate events in 1953 and 1954. The sharp edges of the planes’ square windows created natural weak spots. These corners were easily stressed, and then further 5 (weaken) by air pressure at higher altitudes. In the 1950s, aircraft like the de Havilland Comets were flying faster and higher, meaning after multiple flights and 6 (repeat) pressurization, those square windows 7 (basic) broke apart from the pressure. Round windows, on the other hand, can distribute the pressure evenly because they have no corners for pressure to concentrate, 8 (reduce) the probability of cracks. Circular shapes are also stronger and resist shape changes, making them more able to resist the pressure differences 9 the inside and outside of the aircraft. So, next time you’re on a flight, be thankful for the round windows, whether you’re enjoying the view or avoiding it as you don’t want 10 (remind) how high you are off the ground. 四、阅读理解 （24-25高二上·福建漳州·期中）We can find robots everywhere. Robots build cars, play chess and can clean your house. They may drive your car in the near future. Two robots, named Spirit and Opportunity, were sent to Mars on a mission (任务) to explore the red planet. Robots also help people in natural disasters. They are used in search and rescue operations following an earthquake or a nuclear accident. In most cases, robots are sent to places considered to be unsafe. The problem is that all of those types of situations are extremely unpredictable and unfriendly. And it is very likely that robots in those situations become damaged. When a dog loses a leg, the animal eventually finds the best way to get around on three legs. In a short time, the dog learns to deal with its physical disability. Now, scientists have developed robots that behave in the same way. Jeff Clune, a computer scientist, is developing the latest and advanced technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury. He wants the machines to have the ability to analyze the cause and change to continue performing until they can be repaired. The researchers have added one more operation to the skill set of robots working under complicated conditions. They programmed a hexapod robot with six legs and a robotic arm. Their findings were reported in the journal Nature. Once the hexapod robots become damaged, they can use their own knowledge of how their body works to find a solution. The hexapod robots are also programmed with childlike curiosity. In other words, they are always asking questions and looking for the answers. The whole process just takes about a minute for the robots to overcome the damage and continue to carry out the task. 1．What do we know about robots? A．They usually work in dangerous places. B．They may do great harm to people. C．Dogs are used to help them work well. D．People can’t live normally without them. 2．According to Jeff Clune, the new technology ____. A．helps robots deal with the damage. B．protects robots from serious harm. C．makes robots have self-repair ability. D．allows robots to realize possible danger. 3．What can we infer about the hexapod robots? A．The idea of them is from Nature. B．They can sense people’s feelings. C．They look like children in appearance. D．They can make changes in a very short time. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．How to Use Robots Properly. B．Robots are Helpful to Humans. C．Damaged Robots Learn to Keep Working. D．The Development of the Hexapod Robot. 五、七选五 （24-25高二下·河南洛阳·阶段练习）The approach to human innovation by learning from nature is called biomimetic (仿生学的) design. 1 — from buildings to biomimetic cars. Here are some examples. 2 . Despite the weighty appearance of the boxfish, it has low flow resistance. In 2005,inspired by the great structural strength and low mass of the boxfish, Mercedes Benz developed the Bionic Car, which was reported to reduce air resistance, have high strength, low weight, and much lower fuel use compared to traditional cars. Candy-coated vaccines. Tardigrades are animals that live in water. Without water, tardigrades dry out but have developed the incredible ability to come back to life after more than 100 years. 3 . Inspired by this idea, several biotech companies adapted the process to protect live vaccines so that they no longer need to be refrigerated. Termite (白蚁) buildings. African termites have developed some clever designs to keep their houses at a .nearly steady temperature, though, outside, it may swing from 40℃ in the day to less than 2℃ at night. Termites construct their houses with a special cooling system. Architect Mick Pearce used a similar strategy when he designed the East Gate Center, an office complex in Harare, Zimbabwe. The building remains cool without the need for air conditioning. 4 . Sharkskin-inspired swimsuits. The unique surface of sharkskin reduces water resistance and inhibits the growth of tiny water plants. 5 . These suits, used in competitive swimming, copy the tiny ridges of sharkskin to improve speed and efficiency in water, helping swimmers break many world records. A．Boxfish and the Bionic Car B．Such methods are becoming increasingly popular C．There is no universal definition of biodesign as such D．This inspired the design of high-performance swimsuits E．They do this by coating their internal systems, such as DNA and proteins, in sugar F．As a result, it consumes only a tenth of the energy used by a conventional building G．There are many miracles in nature that have inspired many of our greatest creations 六、完形填空 （24-25高二下·河北邢台·阶段练习）When 8-year-old Zoeya Khan was tasked with engineering a project that brings a creative solution to the world, she designed something to help her special peers (同龄人). As part of the Primary Engineer MacRobert Medal competition, Khan developed a design for an 1 called The Self Regulation Bracelet (手镯). The bracelet is designed to 2 communication in classrooms for some special students — including young people who have conditions like autism (孤独症), and more. Khan’s design 3 a simplified smartwatch, with a round white face that 4 a button-activated system. That system then provides visual responses through colored lights, which can 5 communication solutions between students, peers, and teachers. While the 6 may be a fun feature, they do indeed offer a separate option for students to communicate in schools especially when they may otherwise 7 barriers (障碍) in language processing, communication 8 , understanding social cues, managing sensory sensitivities, and more. Khan said she 9 some of her peers struggling to express their emotions and wanted to create something that made this easier. The 10 equipment allows an individual to signal their emotions using a color-coded system, manually selecting light and color settings to 11 communicate without drawing too much attention. Khan was 12 a Bronze Medal at the 2024 Primary Engineer MacRobert Medal competition. While this milestone is surely exciting for Khan as a budding engineer, her design also signals 13 for her peers. The Self Regulation Bracelet was warmly 14 by educators, who saw its potential to transform communication in 15 environments. 1．A．invention B．impression C．engine D．experiment 2．A．provide B．affect C．reduce D．improve 3．A．goes for B．sits around C．looks like D．jumps at 4．A．designs B．contains C．transmits D．monitors 5．A．expect B．describe C．enable D．refuse 6．A．movements B．contents C．styles D．lights 7．A．face B．wish C．hit D．overcome 8．A．sources B．skills C．powers D．systems 9．A．created B．hired C．misunderstood D．observed 10．A．removable B．admirable C．wearable D．allowable 11．A．slowly B．clearly C．toughly D．hardly 12．A．awarded B．considered C．bought D．taught 13．A．view B．hope C．bond D．credit 14．A．completed B．insisted C．received D．required 15．A．familiar B．living C．extreme D．learning 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Period 1 Reading and Thinking分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一．（1）汉译英 1． adj. 方便的；近便的→ adv. 便利地；合宜地→ n. 便利；方便的事物 2． n. 益处 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于→ adj. 有益的，有利的；有用的 3． n. 距离→ adj. 遥远的；冷漠的；远隔的→ adv. 远离地；疏远地；冷淡地 4． vt. 鼓舞；激励；启发思考→ adj. 鼓舞人心的；灌输的；启发灵感的→ n. 灵感；鼓舞；妙计 5． n. 通道；（使用、查阅、接近或面见的）机会 vt. 进入；使用；获取→ adj. 易接近的；可进入的；可理解的 6． adj. 粗鲁的；无礼的→ adv. 无礼地；粗暴地→ n. 无礼；粗蛮 7． adj. 让人难堪（尴尬；害羞）的→ adv. 使人尴尬地；令人难堪地→ adj. 尴尬的；窘迫的→ vt. 使局促不安；使困窘；阻碍→ n. 窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据 8． n. 隐私；私密→ adj. 私人的；秘密的→ adv. 私下地；秘密地 9． adj. 熟悉；熟知→ adv. 不拘礼节地；亲密地；精通地→ n. 熟悉，精通；亲密；随便 10． vt. 给……下定义；界定；解释→ adv. 清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地→ n. 定义；[物]清晰度；解说 【答案】 1． convenient conveniently convenience 2． benefit beneficial 3． distance distant distantly 4． inspire inspiring inspiration 5． access accessible 6． rude rudely rudeness 7． embarrassing embarrassingly embarrassed embarrass embarrassment 8． privacy private privately 9． familiar familiarly familiarity 10． define definitely definition （2）汉译英 1．switch 关/开（电灯、机器等） 2．respond 对……做出反应 3． addition 此外；另外；也 4． example 例如 5．keep track 掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态 6． well 也；又；还 7．early 在初期；早先 8．prevent... doing sth. 阻止……做某事 9．provide… ... 给……提供…… 10． this sense 从这种意义上来讲 【答案】 1．off/on 2．to 3．in 4．for 5．of 6．as 7．on 8．from 9．with 10．in 二、单句语法填空 1．They can warn you early on if there is something (normal) or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life. 【答案】 abnormal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果出现异常或患有癌症等严重疾病，他们可以提前警告你，并可能挽救你的生命。根据前后文句意可知，此处应用形容词normal的反义词abnormal意为“不正常的，异常的”作后置定语修饰不定代词something。故填abnormal。 2． (critical) thinking helps us avoid making hasty decisions. 【答案】Critical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：批判性的思考帮助我们避免仓促做出决定。形容词critical作定语，首字母大写。故填Critical。 3．If you have a (prefer) for something, you would like to have or do that thing rather than something else. 【答案】preference 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你对某事有偏好，你更喜欢拥有或做这件事，而不是其他事情。该空需要一个名词作宾语，提示词prefer为动词，其名词形式拼写为preference，短语have a preference for sth.意为“对某事/物有偏爱，偏爱某事/物”。故填preference。 4．Governments often fund research to stimulate (innovation). 【答案】innovation 【详解】考查名词。句意：政府经常资助研究以刺激创新。提示词作宾语，用名词innovation，意为“创新；革新”，不可数名词，不需要改变形式。故填innovation。 5．Her morning (routinely) includes exercise and meditation. 【答案】routine 【详解】考查名词。句意：她早上的例行公事包括锻炼和冥想。名词routine作主语，谓语动词includes提示主语为单数。故填routine。 6．Find the (mode) in this dataset: 5, 5, 7, 9. 【答案】mode 【详解】考查名词。句意：在这个数据集中找到众数：5, 5, 7, 9。分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作宾语，mode 表示“众数”，是统计学专有名词，且根据数据集“5, 5, 7, 9”可知，出现次数最多的数是5，故“众数”为单数形式。故填mode。 7．The familiar melody brought back my (distance) memories. 【答案】distant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：熟悉的旋律勾起了我遥远的回忆。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词memories，distance的形容词是distant，意为“遥远的”。故填distant。 8．She has a strong (prefer) for tea over coffee. 【答案】 preference 【详解】考查名词。句意：她更喜欢茶而不是咖啡。根据空前的“a strong”可知，空处应填名词形式preference，作宾语，短语have a preference for...，意思是“偏爱，更喜欢”。故填preference。 9．The Indians used to put their ears to the ground to hear a (distance) noise. 【答案】distant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：印第安人过去常常把耳朵贴在地上，听远处的声音。空处修饰noise，应用形容词。distant意为“远处的”。故填distant。 10．Successfully (persuade) David not to quit the cross-country race, I smiled with relief. 【答案】persuading 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：成功说服大卫不要退出越野跑比赛，我如释重负地笑了。本句谓语为smiled，此处为非谓语动词，且I与persuade“说服”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填persuading。 11．The dark clouds gathering on the horizon were a clear ________ (warn) of the approaching storm that would soon sweep across the plains. 【答案】warning 【详解】考查名词。句意：地平线上聚集的乌云清晰地预示着，一场暴风雨即将席卷平原。空处需填名词warning，作表语，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故填warning。 12．Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting (normal) genes early on. 【答案】abnormal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：最终，这项新技术甚至有可能通过早期纠正异常基因来预防疾病的发展。根据语境，这种新技术是要通过纠正早期的“不正常的”基因来预防疾病，normal意为“正常的”，其反义词abnormal意为“不正常的”，修饰名词genes。故填 abnormal。 13．Growth is not an (automatically) process. 【答案】automatic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：成长不是一个自动的过程。设空处后process为名词，需要使用形容词修饰作定语，故填automatic。 14．As more and more foreigners start to study Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through (innovate), and its inclusiveness. 【答案】 the a innovation 【详解】考查冠词和名词。句意：随着越来越多的外国人开始学习汉语和体验中国文化，世界将更好地了解中国及其丰富的历史、勤劳的人民、创新发展和包容性。分析句子句子可知，第一空特指中国语言，即汉语，所以应用定冠词；第二空考查have a better understanding of，表“更好地了解”，为固定搭配；第三空应填名词作介词后宾语，innovation，表“创新”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填the；a；innovation。 15．That is a (potential) dangerous situation to him. 【答案】potentially 【详解】考查副词。句意：这对他来说是个潜在的危险情况。修饰形容词dangerous，需用副词potentially，作状语。故填potentially。 三、（1）根据汉语意思翻译下列句子 1．他一进家门，就发现晚餐已经准备好了。(the instant) 【答案】The instant he entered the house, he found that dinner had been prepared. 2．委员会要求在截止日期前提交所有的相关文件。(demand) 【答案】The committee demands that all relevant documents be submitted before the deadline. 3．随着技术创新和新能源的蓬勃发展，风能和太阳能将日益主导能源供应，实现温室气体零排放的目标指日可待。(reach) 【答案】With the booming development of technological innovation and new energy, wind and solar energy will increasingly dominate the energy supply, and the goal of zero greenhouse gas emissions will be reached soon. 4．与会人员一致认为，面对全球气候变化和能源危机的挑战，随着技术的不断发展和市场的持续扩大，在新能源车方面投资的潜力不可限量。(invest) 【答案】In the meeting, all staff agreed that in face of the challenges of the global climate change and energy crisis, with the constant development of technology and the constant expansion of the market, the potential of investing in new energy vehicles is incalculable. 5．中国传统文化的未来，必将是古老智慧与现代创新的相互交融，生生不息。 (hold) 【答案】The future of Chinese traditional culture will surely be the mutual integration of ancient wisdom and modern innovation, holding on to life and growth without end. 6．大数据分析帮助零售商更好地了解客户偏好并优化产品供应。(汉译英) 【答案】Big data analytics helps retailers understand customer preferences better and optimize their product offerings. 7．黄浦江东岸的璀璨光影将与滨江花海交相辉映，为市民呈现一幅融合科技与生态的城市画卷。(in harmony) 【答案】The brilliant light and shadow on the east bank of the Huangpu River will shine in harmony with the riverside flower sea, presenting citizens with a city picture that integrates technology and ecology. 8．它有为现有的应用程序注入新生命的潜力。（breathe） 【答案】It has the potential to breathe new life into many existing applications. 9．无论公司现在正经历怎样的艰难时光，都应该首先考虑整合新技术以提高竞争力。（tough） 【答案】However tough a time the company is having now, it should first consider integrating new technologies to improve its competitiveness. 10．经历过人生的起起伏伏，这位长跑运动员终于明白，成功既需要日复一日的坚持，也需要关键时刻的战略性决策。（dawn） 【答案】After going through the ups and downs of life, it dawned on the long-distance runner that success required not only day-in, day-out perseverance but also strategic decisions at critical moments. 11．我说服她去尝试一下网球。 【答案】I persuade her to try tennis. 12．我们生活在一个更多的信息可以获得的时代。 (定语从句；available) 【答案】We live in an age when more information is available. 13．正是通过每一个温暖的指引与鼓励，他发现了自己潜藏的潜力，意识到真正的成长往往源自每一个小而坚定的进步。 【答案】It was through each quiet moment of guidance and encouragement that he discovered his hidden potential, realizing that true growth often lies in small, steady steps forward. 14．这家颇具欧式浪漫之都魅力的甜品店，以馥郁的黄油香气与靓丽的视觉体验为特色，一经开业，门口就车水马龙，让这条差点退出历史舞台的商业街焕发第二春。(feature) 【答案】This dessert shop with a distinctive European romantic charm, featuring the rich aroma of butter and a visually stunning experience, has a constant flow of customers, bringing a new lease of life to this once-dying commercial street since its opening. 15．我没有料到这居然是我毕业前与赵老师的最后一次见面，他去支教了，把教育的火炬从上海带到云南，在那个遥远的地方点燃更多渴求知识的孩子的生命。(strike) 【答案】It never struck me that this would be my last meeting with Mr. Zhao before graduation, as he went to teach in Yunnan, taking the torch of education from Shanghai to ignite the lives of more children who are eager for knowledge in that distant place. 三、（24-25高二下·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面的短文，根据上下文在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Window design has undergone a long evolutionary process in the past centuries. We are used to 1 (see) square windows in most building structures. Now, think about airplanes and jetliners, which always have round windows. How strange 2 would be to walk down the passage of a jetliner and fasten your seat belt next to a square window. Actually, square windows 3 (be) the typical form in early commercial airplane industry. However, it was not until the occurrence of several tragic events that engineers started to re-examine 4 airplane window design. In the 1950s, commercial airliners were getting bigger and they also started breaking apart in mid-air. Two of those were de Havilland Comets, which happened in separate events in 1953 and 1954. The sharp edges of the planes’ square windows created natural weak spots. These corners were easily stressed, and then further 5 (weaken) by air pressure at higher altitudes. In the 1950s, aircraft like the de Havilland Comets were flying faster and higher, meaning after multiple flights and 6 (repeat) pressurization, those square windows 7 (basic) broke apart from the pressure. Round windows, on the other hand, can distribute the pressure evenly because they have no corners for pressure to concentrate, 8 (reduce) the probability of cracks. Circular shapes are also stronger and resist shape changes, making them more able to resist the pressure differences 9 the inside and outside of the aircraft. So, next time you’re on a flight, be thankful for the round windows, whether you’re enjoying the view or avoiding it as you don’t want 10 (remind) how high you are off the ground. 【答案】 1．seeing 2．it 3．were 4．the 5．weakened/were weakened 6．repeated 7．basically 8．reducing 9．between 10．to be reminded 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了飞机窗户从方形到圆形的演变过程及原因。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们已经习惯了在大多数建筑结构中看到方形窗户。be used to doing sth.为固定短语，表示“习惯于做某事”，此处应用see“看到”的动名词，作宾语。故填seeing。 2．考查代词。句意：想象一下，走在喷气式飞机的过道上，在方形窗户旁系好安全带，这将是多么奇怪的事情。此处为形式主语，动词不定式短语to walk down the passage of a jetliner and fasten your seat belt next to a square window为真正主语，用it作形式主语。故填it。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：实际上，方形窗户是早期商业航空工业的典型形式。根据in early commercial airplane industry可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，时态应用一般过去时，主语为square windows，be动词用were。故填were。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：然而，直到发生了几起悲剧性事件，工程师们才开始重新审视飞机窗户的设计。此处特指飞机窗户的设计，用定冠词the。故填the。 5．考查动词语态。句意：这些角落很容易受到压力，而且在更高的高度上，空气压力会进一步削弱它们。主语These corners与weaken“削弱”之间为被动关系，本空应用过去分词weakened，与空前的were构成一般过去时的被动语态。或者此处与were easily stressed为并列谓语，用were weakened。故填weakened或were weakened。 6．考查形容词。句意：在20世纪50年代，像德哈维兰彗星型客机这样的飞机飞得更快、更高，这意味着在多次飞行和反复加压后，那些方形窗户基本上会因压力而破裂。此处修饰名词pressurization，应用形容词repeated“反复的”，作定语。故填repeated。 7．考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰动词短语broke apart，应用副词basically“基本上”，作状语。故填basically。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：另一方面，圆形窗户可以均匀地分布压力，因为它们没有角落让压力集中，从而降低了裂缝的可能性。because引导的原因状语从句谓语为have，此处为非谓语动词，表示自然而然的结果，应用reduce“减少”的现在分词形式，作结果状语。故填reducing。 9．考查介词。句意：圆形形状也更坚固，更能抵抗形状变化，使它们更能抵抗飞机内部和外部的压力差。between...and...为固定短语，表示“在……和……之间”。故填between。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：所以，下次你坐飞机的时候，要感谢圆形窗户，无论你是在欣赏风景还是避免看到它，因为你不想被提醒自己离地面有多高。want to do sth.为固定短语，表示“想要做某事”，且主语you与remind“提醒”之间为被动关系，应用动词不定式的被动式to be done。故填to be reminded。 四、阅读理解 （24-25高二上·福建漳州·期中）We can find robots everywhere. Robots build cars, play chess and can clean your house. They may drive your car in the near future. Two robots, named Spirit and Opportunity, were sent to Mars on a mission (任务) to explore the red planet. Robots also help people in natural disasters. They are used in search and rescue operations following an earthquake or a nuclear accident. In most cases, robots are sent to places considered to be unsafe. The problem is that all of those types of situations are extremely unpredictable and unfriendly. And it is very likely that robots in those situations become damaged. When a dog loses a leg, the animal eventually finds the best way to get around on three legs. In a short time, the dog learns to deal with its physical disability. Now, scientists have developed robots that behave in the same way. Jeff Clune, a computer scientist, is developing the latest and advanced technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury. He wants the machines to have the ability to analyze the cause and change to continue performing until they can be repaired. The researchers have added one more operation to the skill set of robots working under complicated conditions. They programmed a hexapod robot with six legs and a robotic arm. Their findings were reported in the journal Nature. Once the hexapod robots become damaged, they can use their own knowledge of how their body works to find a solution. The hexapod robots are also programmed with childlike curiosity. In other words, they are always asking questions and looking for the answers. The whole process just takes about a minute for the robots to overcome the damage and continue to carry out the task. 1．What do we know about robots? A．They usually work in dangerous places. B．They may do great harm to people. C．Dogs are used to help them work well. D．People can’t live normally without them. 2．According to Jeff Clune, the new technology ____. A．helps robots deal with the damage. B．protects robots from serious harm. C．makes robots have self-repair ability. D．allows robots to realize possible danger. 3．What can we infer about the hexapod robots? A．The idea of them is from Nature. B．They can sense people’s feelings. C．They look like children in appearance. D．They can make changes in a very short time. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．How to Use Robots Properly. B．Robots are Helpful to Humans. C．Damaged Robots Learn to Keep Working. D．The Development of the Hexapod Robot. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家研发出能在受损后继续工作的机器人。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In most cases, robots are sent to places considered to be unsafe. (在大多数情况下，机器人被派往被认为不安全的地方。)”可知，机器人通常在危险的地方工作，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Jeff Clune, a computer scientist, is developing the latest and advanced technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury. He wants the machines to have the ability to analyze the cause and change to continue performing until they can be repaired.(计算机科学家杰夫·克卢恩正在开发最新和先进的技术，以便机器人在出现受伤迹象后能继续工作。他希望这些机器能够具备分析故障原因的能力，并做出调整以继续运行，直至可以进行维修。)”可知，新技术帮助机器人处理损伤，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Once the hexapod robots become damaged, they can use their own knowledge of how their body works to find a solution. (一旦六足机器人受损，它们就能利用自身对身体工作原理的了解来找到解决方案。)”和最后一段中“The whole process just takes about a minute for the robots to overcome the damage and continue to carry out the task. (整个过程只需大约一分钟，机器人就能克服损伤并继续执行任务。)”可知，六足机器人能在很短的时间内做出改变，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第三段“Jeff Clune, a computer scientist, is developing the latest and advanced technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury. He wants the machines to have the ability to analyze the cause and change to continue performing until they can be repaired. (计算机科学家杰夫·克卢恩正在开发最新且先进的技术，以便机器人在出现首个受伤迹象后仍能继续运行。他希望这些机器能够具备分析原因并进行改变的能力，从而在能够修复之前继续执行任务。)”可知，文章主要讲述了科学家们研发新技术使受损机器人能继续工作，所以C选项“Damaged Robots Learn to Keep Working (受损机器人学会继续工作)”最符合文章标题，故选C。 五、七选五 （24-25高二下·河南洛阳·阶段练习）The approach to human innovation by learning from nature is called biomimetic (仿生学的) design. 1 — from buildings to biomimetic cars. Here are some examples. 2 . Despite the weighty appearance of the boxfish, it has low flow resistance. In 2005,inspired by the great structural strength and low mass of the boxfish, Mercedes Benz developed the Bionic Car, which was reported to reduce air resistance, have high strength, low weight, and much lower fuel use compared to traditional cars. Candy-coated vaccines. Tardigrades are animals that live in water. Without water, tardigrades dry out but have developed the incredible ability to come back to life after more than 100 years. 3 . Inspired by this idea, several biotech companies adapted the process to protect live vaccines so that they no longer need to be refrigerated. Termite (白蚁) buildings. African termites have developed some clever designs to keep their houses at a .nearly steady temperature, though, outside, it may swing from 40℃ in the day to less than 2℃ at night. Termites construct their houses with a special cooling system. Architect Mick Pearce used a similar strategy when he designed the East Gate Center, an office complex in Harare, Zimbabwe. The building remains cool without the need for air conditioning. 4 . Sharkskin-inspired swimsuits. The unique surface of sharkskin reduces water resistance and inhibits the growth of tiny water plants. 5 . These suits, used in competitive swimming, copy the tiny ridges of sharkskin to improve speed and efficiency in water, helping swimmers break many world records. A．Boxfish and the Bionic Car B．Such methods are becoming increasingly popular C．There is no universal definition of biodesign as such D．This inspired the design of high-performance swimsuits E．They do this by coating their internal systems, such as DNA and proteins, in sugar F．As a result, it consumes only a tenth of the energy used by a conventional building G．There are many miracles in nature that have inspired many of our greatest creations 【答案】1．G 2．A 3．E 4．F 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了仿生设计的概念及其在多个领域的应用。 1．根据上文“The approach to human innovation by learning from nature is called biomimetic (仿生学的) design.(通过向自然学习进行人类创新的方法被称为仿生学设计)”以及下文所列举的仿生学设计的例子可知，此处是在说明自然激发了人类创新，所以G选项“自然界中有许多奇迹激发了我们许多最伟大的创造”符合语境，起到了承上启下的作用。故选G。 2．根据下文“Despite the weighty appearance of the boxfish, it has low flow resistance. In 2005, inspired by the great structural strength and low mass of the boxfish, Mercedes Benz developed the Bionic Car, which was reported to reduce air resistance, have high strength, low weight, and much lower fuel use compared to traditional cars. (尽管箱鲀看起来很重，但它的流动阻力很小。2005年，受到箱鲀结构强度大、质量小的启发，梅赛德斯-奔驰开发了仿生汽车，据报道，与传统汽车相比，这种汽车可以减少空气阻力，具有高强度、低重量和更低的燃料消耗)”可知，本段主要介绍了箱鲀和仿生汽车，所以A选项“箱鲀和仿生汽车”符合语境，适合作本段的小标题。故选A。 3．根据上文“Tardigrades are animals that live in water. Without water, tardigrades dry out but have developed the incredible ability to come back to life after more than 100 years. (缓步动物是生活在水中的动物。没有水，缓步动物会干涸，但它们已经发展出了一种令人难以置信的能力，可以在100多年后复活)”以及下文“Inspired by this idea, several biotech companies adapted the process to protect live vaccines so that they no longer need to be refrigerated. (受到这一想法的启发，几家生物技术公司改进了这一过程，以保护活疫苗，使其不再需要冷藏)”可知，缓步动物能够在以后复活，所以E选项“它们通过在内部系统 (如DNA和蛋白质)上覆盖一层糖来做到这一点”承接上文，说明它们是如何做到复活的，并引出了下文。故选E。 4．根据上文“African termites have developed some clever designs to keep their houses at a nearly steady temperature, though, outside, it may swing from 40℃ in the day to less than 2℃ at night. Termites construct their houses with a special cooling system. Architect Mick Pearce used a similar strategy when he designed the East Gate Center, an office complex in Harare, Zimbabwe. The building remains cool without the need for air conditioning. (非洲白蚁已经开发出一些巧妙的设计来保持它们的房子几乎恒定的温度，尽管外面温度可能从白天的40℃到晚上的不到2℃波动。白蚁用一种特殊的冷却系统建造它们的房子。建筑师米克·皮尔斯在设计位于津巴布韦哈拉雷的办公大楼东门中心时也采用了类似的策略。这座建筑不需要空调就能保持凉爽)”可知，本段主要介绍了白蚁建筑和东门中心，且上文提到东门中心不需要空调就能保持凉爽，所以本句承接上文说明这一设计的优势，F选项“因此，它只消耗传统建筑所用能量的十分之一”符合语境。故选F。 5．根据上文“The unique surface of sharkskin reduces water resistance and inhibits the growth of tiny water plants.(鲨鱼皮独特的表面可以减少水的阻力，并抑制微小水生植物的生长)”以及下文“These suits, used in competitive swimming, copy the tiny ridges of sharkskin to improve speed and efficiency in water, helping swimmers break many world records. (这些泳衣用于竞技游泳，模仿鲨鱼皮上的微小脊状物，以提高在水中的速度和效率，帮助游泳者打破了许多世界纪录)”可知，鲨鱼皮独特的表面可以减少水的阻力，所以本句承接上文说明这一特点对泳衣设计的启发，D选项“这激发了高性能泳衣的设计”符合语境。故选D。 六、完形填空 （24-25高二下·河北邢台·阶段练习）When 8-year-old Zoeya Khan was tasked with engineering a project that brings a creative solution to the world, she designed something to help her special peers (同龄人). As part of the Primary Engineer MacRobert Medal competition, Khan developed a design for an 1 called The Self Regulation Bracelet (手镯). The bracelet is designed to 2 communication in classrooms for some special students — including young people who have conditions like autism (孤独症), and more. Khan’s design 3 a simplified smartwatch, with a round white face that 4 a button-activated system. That system then provides visual responses through colored lights, which can 5 communication solutions between students, peers, and teachers. While the 6 may be a fun feature, they do indeed offer a separate option for students to communicate in schools especially when they may otherwise 7 barriers (障碍) in language processing, communication 8 , understanding social cues, managing sensory sensitivities, and more. Khan said she 9 some of her peers struggling to express their emotions and wanted to create something that made this easier. The 10 equipment allows an individual to signal their emotions using a color-coded system, manually selecting light and color settings to 11 communicate without drawing too much attention. Khan was 12 a Bronze Medal at the 2024 Primary Engineer MacRobert Medal competition. While this milestone is surely exciting for Khan as a budding engineer, her design also signals 13 for her peers. The Self Regulation Bracelet was warmly 14 by educators, who saw its potential to transform communication in 15 environments. 1．A．invention B．impression C．engine D．experiment 2．A．provide B．affect C．reduce D．improve 3．A．goes for B．sits around C．looks like D．jumps at 4．A．designs B．contains C．transmits D．monitors 5．A．expect B．describe C．enable D．refuse 6．A．movements B．contents C．styles D．lights 7．A．face B．wish C．hit D．overcome 8．A．sources B．skills C．powers D．systems 9．A．created B．hired C．misunderstood D．observed 10．A．removable B．admirable C．wearable D．allowable 11．A．slowly B．clearly C．toughly D．hardly 12．A．awarded B．considered C．bought D．taught 13．A．view B．hope C．bond D．credit 14．A．completed B．insisted C．received D．required 15．A．familiar B．living C．extreme D．learning 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C 11．B 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍8岁的Zoeya Khan设计“自我调节手镯”帮助特殊同龄人改善沟通的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为小学工程师麦克罗伯特奖章竞赛的一部分，Khan设计了一项名为“自我调节手镯”的发明。A. invention发明；B. impression印象；C. engine发动机；D. experiment实验。根据下文“The Self Regulation Bracelet (手镯)”以及“The bracelet is designed to ____2____ communication in classrooms for some special students—including young people who have conditions like autism (孤独症), and more.”可知，这是一项“发明”符合语境。故选A项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种手镯旨在改善一些特殊学生在课堂上的交流——包括患有自闭症等疾病的年轻人等。A. provide提供；B. affect影响；C. reduce减少；D. improve改善。根据上文的“The bracelet is designed”以及下文“communication in classrooms for some special students”可知，此处介绍的是手镯的设计意图，由此可知，手镯的目的是“改善”特殊学生的课堂交流，符合语境。故选D项。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Khan的设计看起来像一块简化的智能手表，圆形的白色表盘包含一个按钮激活系统。A. goes for选择；B. sits around闲坐；C. looks like看起来像；D. jumps at迫不及待地接受。根据下文“a simplified smartwatch”以及下文的“with a round white face that ____4____ a button-activated system.”可知，此处介绍的是手镯的外表，由此可知，手镯的设计“看起来像”智能手表。故选C项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Khan的设计看起来像一块简化的智能手表，圆形的白色表盘包含一个按钮激活系统。A. designs设计；B. contains包含；C. transmits传输；D. monitors监控。根据下文“a button-activated system”可知，表盘“包含”按钮激活系统。故选B项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该系统通过彩色灯光提供视觉反馈，这可以使学生、同龄人和教师之间能够使用沟通解决方案。A. expect期待；B. describe描述；C. enable使能够；D. refuse拒绝。根据上文的“That system then provides visual responses through colored lights”下文“communication solutions between students, peers, and teachers”可知，这种提供视觉反馈的彩色灯光“能够”实现沟通。故选C项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然灯光可能是一个有趣的功能，但它们确实为学生在学校交流提供了另一种选择，尤其是当他们可能在语言处理、沟通技能、理解社交暗示、管理感官敏感等方面面临障碍时。A. movements移动；B. contents内容；C. styles风格；D. lights灯光。根据上文“That system then provides visual responses through colored lights”可知，此处指“灯光”这一功能。故选D项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然灯光可能是一个有趣的功能，但它们确实为学生在学校交流提供了另一种选择，尤其是当他们可能在语言处理、沟通技能、理解社交暗示、管理感官敏感等方面面临障碍时。A. face面临；B. wish希望；C. hit打击；D. overcome克服。根据上文的“they do indeed offer a separate option for students to communicate in schools”以及下文“barriers (障碍)”可知，灯光为学生在学校交流提供了另一种选择，特别是当特殊学生“面临”沟通障碍。故选A项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然灯光可能是一个有趣的功能，但它们确实为学生在学校交流提供了另一种选择，尤其是当他们可能在语言处理、沟通技能、理解社交暗示、管理感官敏感等方面面临障碍时。A. sources来源；B. skills技能；C. powers力量；D. systems系统。根据上文“communication”以及下文的“understanding social cues, managing sensory sensitivities, and more.”可知，此处与下文的内容为并列关系，由此可知，此处指沟通“技能”符合语境。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Khan说，她观察到一些同龄人难以表达自己的情感，于是想创造一些让这更容易的东西。A. created创造；B. hired雇佣；C. misunderstood误解；D. observed观察。根据下文“some of her peers struggling to express their emotions”可知，Khan“观察到”同龄人面临的问题。故选D项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种可穿戴设备允许个人使用颜色编码系统来表达自己的情绪，手动选择灯光和颜色设置，以便在不引起太多注意的情况下清晰地交流。A. removable可移动的；B. admirable令人钦佩的；C. wearable可穿戴的；D. allowable允许的。根据上文“Khan’s design ____3____ a simplified smartwatch, with a round white face that ____4____ a button-activated system.”可知，手镯设计看起来像只能手表，由此可知，手镯是“可穿戴的”设备。故选C项。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种可穿戴设备允许个人使用颜色编码系统来表达自己的情绪，手动选择灯光和颜色设置，以便在不引起太多注意的情况下清晰地交流。A. slowly缓慢地；B. clearly清晰地；C. toughly坚强地；D. hardly几乎不。根据上文“The ____10____ equipment allows an individual to signal their emotions using a color-coded system”可知，这种可穿戴设备允许个人使用颜色编码系统来表达自己的情绪，由此可知，设备能让用户“清晰地”传达情绪。故选B项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Khan在2024年小学工程师麦克罗伯特奖章竞赛中被授予铜牌。A. awarded授予；B. considered考虑；C. bought购买；D. taught教授。根据下文“a Bronze Medal at the 2024 Primary Engineer MacRobert Medal competition.”可知，此处讲述的是竞赛的结果，由此可知，Khan“被授予”奖牌，符合语境。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这一里程碑对崭露头角的工程师Khan来说无疑是令人兴奋的，但她的设计也为她的同龄人带来了希望。A. view观点；B. hope希望；C. bond纽带；D. credit信用。根据下文“who saw its potential to transform communication in ____15____ environments.”可知，教育工作者认为它有潜力改变学习环境中的交流方式，由此可知，设计为同龄人带来“希望”符合语境。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“自我调节手镯”受到了教育工作者的热烈欢迎，他们认为它有潜力改变学习环境中的交流方式。A. completed完成；B. insisted坚持；C. received接受；D. required要求。根据下文“warmly”以及“who saw its potential to transform communication in ____15____ environments.”可知，手镯有潜力改变学习环境中的交流方式，由此可知，此处指的是手镯被教育工作者“接受”符合语境。故选C项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“自我调节手镯”受到了教育工作者的热烈欢迎，他们认为它有潜力改变学习环境中的交流方式。A. familiar熟悉的；B. living生活的；C. extreme极端的；D. learning学习的。根据上文“in classrooms”可知，手镯用于“学习”环境。故选D项。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$