1.3.2 环境保护&1.3.3 灾害防范-【创新教程】2022-2026五年高考英语真题分类特训试卷

2.环境保护 [真题题组·实战集训l] Passage1(2026全国一卷，C篇) 题材种树不当可能加剧空气污染体裁说明文 词数 421 建议用时8难度： In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces,New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year.They provide shade,lower surface temperatures,absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon,remove tiny pollutants,and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. 整 Something could go wrong,though,according to a new study.Oaks and sweetgums,which cur- rently account for a majority of the city's trees,produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene.Harmless by itself,isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by ve- 郑 hicles,buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone()-a major factor in many breathing problems. The research,carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings,isoprene production in Man- hattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%,and resulting summer ozone levels as much as30%. "We're all for planting more trees.They bring so many good things,"said study coauthor Roisin Commane."But if we're not careful,we could make air quality worse." 典郝 The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue.A study carried out by some of its research- ers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene."We didn't make a big deal of that,"said Novem Auyeung,a Parks Department senior scientist.She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy."We could plant any trees we want to,if we just rethink our car-centric lifes- tyle,”she said. "We're not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,and neither will the department complete- ly stop planting new ones,said Auyeung."You have to think about what you would lose if you do 製 that."Oaks are keystone species,she pointed out,providing food and habitat for native insects, 阳 birds and other animals. 28.What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A.They affect the growth of other trees. B.They absorb less carbon than expected. C.They harm people's health indirectly. D.They raise the local temperature slowly. 29.Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A.Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B.Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C.Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D.Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 30.What does the underlined phrase "oblivious to"in Paragraph 5 mean? A.Honest about. B.Unaware of. C.Related to. D.Optimistic about. 31.What would Auyeung probably advocate? A.Reducing car use in daily life. B.Providing animals with new habitats. C.Controlling population growth. D.Doing more research on the problem. 77 Passage2(2026浙江1月卷，D篇) 题材 自然科技/环境科研 体裁说明文词数313建议用时6'难度： Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change.Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems.This opti- mization (aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants,the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP-an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth.Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab.Now,Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants. In a study published in Plant Phenomics,Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes-how deep and wide they grow,how massive their root systems become,and other physical qualities.Prior to SLEAP,tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process.SLEAP uses com- puter vision (the ability for computers to understand images)and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain)to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most exten- sive catalog()of plant root phenotypes to date.What's more,tracking these physical root sys- tem characteristics helps scientists find genes()associated with those characteristics,as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently.This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. "Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,"says Perei- ra."We're not just 'borrowing'from different disciplines-we're really putting them on equal foot- ing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts. 32.What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A.Keeping more carbon in plants. B.Optimizing the use of energy. C.Enhancing biological diversity. D.Reducing carbon absorption. 33.Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A.To generate plant images. B.To conduct research on animals. C.To study climate patterns. D.To track features of root growth. 34.What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A.Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B.Collect samples of plant root systems. C.Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D.Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 35.What can be inferred from Pereira's words? A.Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B.Computer programming is a must for scientists. C.Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D.Cooperation outweighs competition in research. 78 [直题题组 ·实战集训2] Passage3(2025全国一卷，A篇) 题材 交通运输领域的碳排放问题 体裁应用文词数328建议用时8'难度： The greening of planes,trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global COzemissions ()As the world races to decarbonize everything,it faces particular problems with transportation -which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. SHIPPING OTHER ROAD VEHICLES 10.6% 2.2% 出 Road(passengery ROAD(GOODS 45.1% 29.4% AIRPLANES RAIL 11.6% 1% The fuels for transport need to be not just green,cheap and powerful,but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around.Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs.Much is still to be settled,but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. PLANES-Synthetic hydrocarbons CARS—Batteries The hardest sector to decarbonize Batteries are energy-efficient and is aviation.One long-term option electric cars can plug into existing for sustainable fuel for planes is to systems and services.New solid-stat make hydrocarbons from recycled batteries will take a car farther on air. a single charge. (FUTURE FUELS TRAINS-Electricity TRUCKS-Hydrogen SHIPS-Liquid ammonia Some trains are already fuel cells Liquid ammonia is easy electrified through rails Hydrogen fuel cells are to keep and transport,bu or wires;others can be a lighter choice than it is hard to ignite(点燃) nade electric in pretty batteries for trucks,but and requires an engine simple ways. making green hydrogen redesign. is expensive. This energy transition()is global,and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is "a little bit mind-blowing,"says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Ener- gy Laboratory.It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately,analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task."We need to speed up the develop- ment of green energy,and it will all get used,"says Wipke. 21.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A.11.6%. B.45.1%. C.74.5%. D.86.1% 22.Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A.Planes. B.Trucks. C.Trains. D.Ships. 23.What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A.Limiting fuel consumption. B.Putting more effort into renewables. C.Improving energy efficiency. D.Making electricity more affordable. 79 Passage4(2024新课标I卷，A篇) 题材 栖息地恢复小队招募公告 体裁应用文词数199建议用时 8' 难度： HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge.We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive()plant removal,winter planting,and seed collection.Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance.Please re- view the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form.Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We'll be working rain or shine.Wear clothes that can get dirty.Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle,sunscreen,and lunch. No experience necessary.Training and tools will be provided.Fulfills()community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday,Jan.15 10:00 am-1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday,Jan.22 10:00 am-2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday,Jan.29 9:30 am-2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 21.What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A.To discover mineral resources. B.To develop new wildlife parks. C.To protect the local ecosystem. D.To conduct biological research. 22.What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A.5. B.10. C.15. D.18. 23.What are the volunteers expected to do? A.Bring their own tools. B.Work even in bad weather. C.Wear a team uniform. D.Do at least three projects. 80 [真题题组·实战集训3] Passage5(2023新课标I卷，B篇) :题材一项具有环保价值的发明 一生态设计体裁记叙文词数305建议用时8'难度： When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria()?Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?With the right combination of animals and plants,he figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-ma- chine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge () First,he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks,John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water. Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage()from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China. "Ecological design"is the name John gives to what he does."Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,"he says."You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. 24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A.He was fond of traveling. B.He enjoyed being alone. C.He had an inquiring mind. D.He longed to be a doctor. 25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A.To feed the animals. B.To build an ecosystem. C.To protect the plants. D.To test the eco-machine. 26.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A.To review John's research plans. B.To show an application of John's idea. C.To compare John's different jobs. D.To erase doubts about John's invention. 27.What is the basis for John's work? A.Nature can repair itself. B.Organisms need water to survive. C.Life on Earth is diverse. D.Most tiny creatures live in groups. 81 Passage6(2023新课标Ⅱ卷，A篇) 题材黄石公园“护林员”游园项目介绍体裁应用文词数311建议用时8难度： Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park,and throughout the year.The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone(May 26 to September 2) Whether you're hiking a backcountry trail(),camping,or just enjoying the park's amazing wildlife from the road,this quick workshop is for you and your family.Learn where to look for ani- mals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience.Meet at the Canyon Village Store. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics(June 5 to August 21) Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone.Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow.Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center. Canyon Talks at Artist Point(June 9 to September 2) From a classic viewpoint,enjoy Lower Falls,the Yellowstone River,and the breathtaking colors of the canyon()while learning about the area's natural and human history.Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place.Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk. Photography Workshops(June 19 &July 10) Enhance your photography skills-join Yellowstone's park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 6/19-Waterfalls Wide Angles:meet at Artist Point. 7/10-Wildflowers White Balance:meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 21.Which of the four programs begins the earliest? A.Photography Workshops. B.Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics. C.Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D.Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone. 22.What is the short talk at Artist Point about? A.Works of famous artists. B.Protection of wild animals. C.Basic photography skills. D.History of the canyon area. 23.Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? A.Artist Point. B.Washburn Trailhead. C.Canyon Village Store. D.Visitor Education Center. 82 Passage7(2022全国甲卷，D篇) 题材悉尼新旧文化冲突 体裁 议论文 词数338建议用时8′难度： Sometime in the early 1960s,a significant thing happened in Sydney,Australia.The city discov- ered its harbor.Then,one after another,Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there-broad parks,superb beaches,and a culturally diverse population.But it is the harbor that makes the city. Andrew Reynolds,a cheerful fellow in his early 30s,pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living.I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor.After our third run Andrew shut down the engine,and we went our separate ways-he for a lunch break,I to explore the city. "I'll miss these old boats,he said as we parted. “How do you mean?”I asked. "Oh,they're replacing them with catamarans.Catamarans are faster,but they're not so elegant, and they're not fun to pilot.But that's progress,I guess." Everywhere in Sydney these days,change and progress are the watchwords(),and tradi- tions are increasingly rare.Shirley Fitzgerald,the city's official historian,told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s,Sydney swept aside much of its past,including many of its finest buildings. "Sydney is confused about itself,"she said."We can't seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.It's a conflict that we aren't getting any better at resolving()." On the other hand,being young and old at the same time has its attractions.I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony."Many people say that we lack culture in this country,"he told me."What people forget is that the Italians,when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture,the Greeks some 3000 years,and the Chinese more still.We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country.It's a pretty hard combination to beat. He is right,but I can't help wishing they would keep those old ferries. 32.What is the first paragraph mainly about? A.Sydney's striking architecture. B.The cultural diversity of Sydney. C.The key to Sydney's development. D.Sydney's tourist attractions in the 1960s. 33.What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds? A.He goes to work by boat. B.He looks forward to a new life. C.He pilots catamarans well. D.He is attached to the old ferries. 34.What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney? A.It is losing its traditions. B.It should speed up its progress. C.It should expand its population. D.It is becoming more international. 35.Which statement will the author probably agree with? A.A city can be young and old at the same time. B.A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic. C.Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance. D.Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign. 83 3.灾害防范 (2024浙江1月卷，C篇) 题材人工降雨防雹的利弊 体裁说明文词数313建议用时 6'难度： On September 7,1991,the costliest hailstorm()in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs.As a result,since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central Alberta 一 downwind of the hail project flights-worry that precious moisture()is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand,who farms in that area,has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years."Basically,the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Cal- gary-Edmonton urban area from hail,"Mr.Stienwand says,"but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan. The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss,a cloud physicist who works for Weather 好 Modification Inc.of Fargo,North Dakota."We affect only a very small percentage of the total mois- ture in the air,so we cannot be causing drought,"Dr.Krauss says."In fact,we may be helping in- crease the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground. One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell,a research scientist who just re- tired from the University of Oklahoma."In 1999,I personally saw significant tornadoes ( form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,"Dr.Doswell says."Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind?No one really knows,of course,but the seeding goes on." Given the degree of doubt,Mr.Stienwand suggests,"it would be wise to stop cloud seeding."In practice,doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their im- pacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence,private cli- mate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 28.What does the project aim to do? A.Conserve moisture in the soil. B.Prevent the formation of hailstones. C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D.Investigate chemical use in farming. 29.Who are opposed to the project? A.Farmers in east-central Alberta. B.Managers of insurance companies. C.Provincial government officials. D.Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 30.Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A.To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B.To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C.To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D.To show the link between storms and moisture. 31.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D.Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. 84Passage 8 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。城市化的发展让人们 越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生 自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一 座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动 可以创造出一种可用的语言，可帮助人们认识和参与最令 人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生 自然。 32.B细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balloon with growth,access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.If you're lucky,there might be a pocket park near where you live,but it's un- usual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. 着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难 以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可 能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地 方是罕见的。”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在 城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。 33.D推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-goers,asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.The researchers then examined these submissions,coding (experiences into dif- ferent categories..他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他 们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大 自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交 的信息，将体验分为不同的类别。”可知，研究人员按照 公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客 分类，再根据第四段“Across the320 submissions,a pattern of categories the researchers call a nature lan- guage'began to emerge.After the coding of all submis- sions,half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors,在这320份提交的作品中，一种 被研究人员称为‘自然语言的分类模式开始出现。在 对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对 游客最重要。”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的内容进行 了分类，以便在游客的总结中找到模式并确定对游客最重 要的自然体验。通过这样做，他们能够创造一种“自然语 言，”帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义 的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目的。 34.C推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language,which helps peo ple recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.For example,the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park.Back downtown during a workday,they can en- joy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.命名每一种自然 体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参 与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如， 沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在 周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中 心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家 的互动方式。”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造了一种 可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与到对自己来说最 满意和最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人 士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步 让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷 泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们 可以知道一样的自然体验可以以不同的形式呈现。 35.B推理判断题。根据最后一段“We're trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.And for that to happen,we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,'said Peter Kahn,a senior author of the study.'我们正试图创 造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的 日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自 19 然，这样我们才能与它互动，’该研究的资深作者彼 得·卡恩说。”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大 自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。 Passage 9 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种 会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。 24.B细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Though not known to use tools in the wild,the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.(虽然人们不知道这些 鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里 时就能熟练地使用工具。)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped 'key'to choose from.Inserting the correct‘key’would let out the nut..(研究人员给了 这些鸟5把形状各异的‘钥匙’供它们选择。插入正确 的‘钥匙’会让坚果出来。)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉 是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。 25.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans,babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age(在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一 个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知， 一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞 里”的任务。 26.D推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, according to the researchers,is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues,or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selec- tions..（根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤 头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择 它们的形状。)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦 鹊在测试中是否使用触觉。 27.D主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段 "Goffin's cockatoos,a kind of small parrot native to Australasia,have been shown to have similar shape- recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.(科芬的 凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识 别能力与两岁的人类相似。)”可推知，本文主要介绍了 会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters(凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文 意，最适合作为本文标题。 2.环境保护 Passage I [语篇解读]本文聚焦纽约植树计划暗藏的忧患：现有的 主要树种（檬树和胶皮枫香树）会释放异戊二烯，与氨氧化 物反应形成近地面臭氧，威胁空气质量，间接危害人体健 康，引发人们思考。 28.C 推理判断题。本题问这项有关橡树和胶皮枫香树的 新研究说明了什么。根据文章第二段中的“()aks and sweetgums...produce huge amounts of a chemical sub- stance called isoprene...to form ground-level ozone-a major factor in many breathing problems..”可知，椽树和 胶皮枫香树会释放出一种叫作异戊二烯的化学物质， 它与空气中的氨氧化物反应会产生近地面臭氧，是许 多呼吸问题的重要诱因，即这些树木会间接危害人体 健康。故选C项。 29.C推理判断题。本题问科曼基于研究可能提出的建 议。根据文章第二段内容可知，现有的主要树种（橡树 和胶皮枫香树)会间接危害人体健康；第三段中的“f the city maintains past species patterns in new plant ings...ozone levels as much as30%”表明，研究发现， 若在新栽植的树中维持过去的树种模式，异戊二烯和 夏季臭氧水平都将大幅增加：同时根据第四段的科曼 的话可知，科曼赞同多植树，但认为应当谨慎对待植树 活动。由此可推知，科曼可能会建议改变新栽植的树 种。故选C项。 30.B词义猜测题。本题问第五段中的画线短语“oblivi- ous to”的含义。根据第五段第二句“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago conclu- ded that city trees did release isoprene.”可知，公园部门 5 的一些研究者们在几年前开展的一项研究中得出了城 市树木确实会释放异戊二烯的结论，即公园部门并非 没有意识到这一问题。因此oblivious to意为“未意识 到；未察觉到”，与B项Unaware of含义一致。故选 B项。 31.A推理判断题。本题问欧阳可能提倡的做法。根据 文章第五段最后一句欧阳说的话“We could plant any trees we want to,if we just rethink our car-centric lifes- tyle”可推知，她主张重新思考以汽车为中心的生活方 式，即减少日常生活中汽车的使用。故选A项。 Passage 2 [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章讲述索尔克研究所 科学家为固碳优化植物根系，将原追踪动物的A】工具 SLEAP应用于研究植物根系表型，助力筛选有益基因，这 也是跨学科合作的成果 32.A细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists at Salk Insti- tute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization()aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. (索尔克研究所的科学家们通过强化植物根系，利用其 吸收二氧化碳的天然能力。这一优化旨在增加碳的储 存量并延长其储存时间。)”可知，索尔克研究所的科学 家们希望让植物储存更多的碳。故选A项。 33.B细节理解题。根据第二段“Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira,SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab.(SLEAP由索尔克研究所 的塔尔莫·佩雷拉研发，最初被设计用于在实验室中 追踪动物的活动。)”可知，佩雷拉研发SLEAP是为了 开展动物相关研究。故选B项。 34.C细节理解题。根据第四段“What's more,tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scien- tists find genes (associated with those character- istics,as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs..(此外，追踪这些 植物根系的物理特征，有助于科学家找到与这些特征 相关的基因，同时还能弄清多种根系特征是由同一基 因决定，还是各自独立调控。这也让索尔克研究所的 研究团队能够确定，哪些基因对其植物育种研究最具 利用价值。)”可知，SLEAP能帮助科学家识别出利于培育 理想根系的基因。故选C项。 35.C推理判断题。根据最后一段佩雷拉的话“We're not just 'borrowing'from different disciplines-we're re- ally putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.(我们不只 是从不同学科中‘借鉴’，而是真正让各学科处于平等 地位，以创造出比各部分总和更有价值的成果。)”可 知，跨学科的研究方法能够促进创新。故选C项。 Passage 3 [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2018 年不同交通方式的温室气体排放占比，以及飞机、汽车等 各类交通工具的未来绿色燃料路径。 21.C细节理解题。根据图表信息R)AD VEHICLES部 分中“ROAD(PASSENGER)45.1%道路（客运） 45.1%”以及“R)AD(GOODS)29.4%道路（货运） 29.4%”可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%十29.4% 74.5%,即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比 74.5%。 22.C细节理解题。根据图表信息TRAINS一Electricity 部分中“Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires;others can be made electric in pretty simple wys.(一些列车已经通过轨道或电线实现了电气化： 其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电动化。)”可 知，火车相较其他交通方式更易实现绿色化。 23.B细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘We need to speed up the development of green energy,and it will all get used,’says Wipke.(Wipke说：‘我们需要加速绿色能 源的开发，而且这些能源都会被利用起来。’)”可知， Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入，即加大对绿色能 源的投入。 Passage 4 [语篇解读]本文主要介绍了一个名为“栖息地恢复小 队”的公益环保组织，包括该组织的宗旨、志愿者招募要求 以及最近的活动安排。 2l.C细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge.We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的)plant removal,win- ter planting,and seed collection.Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.(帮助恢复和保护从马林海岬到波利 纳斯岭的马林海自然区域。我们将探索美丽的公园场 地，同时进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子收集。栖 息地恢复小组的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和 山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。)”可 知，栖息地恢复小组的目的是保护当地生态系统。 22.B细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteers aged 10and over are welcome.(欢迎l0岁及以上的志愿者。)”可知，参 加栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。 23.B细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We'll be working rain or shine.(我们将风雨无阻地工作。)”可知，身为志 愿者，即使天气不好也要工作。 Passage 5 [语篇解读]这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从 小就很爱思考且好学，长大后他建造了一个生态机器，利 用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。 24.C细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream, for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were mak- ig.当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子 周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一 条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往 往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可 以用来清理人们制造的混乱。”以及第二段“After stud ying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking ques- tions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria )Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemi- cls？在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回 到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物 能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？”可 知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。 25.D细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks,John added the sludge,几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去”以 及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results,The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water.他对结果 感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始 吃起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净的水。”可 知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里为了测试生态机器。 26.B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage ( from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also de- signed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China,.这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大 工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自 南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态 36 机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。”可推知， 作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。 27.A推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-re- Pair,你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后 让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式。”可知，约翰工作 的基础是自然可以自我修复。 Passage 6 [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石 国家公园提供的几项护林员项目。 2l.D细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone May 26 to September 2) 石体验野生动物(5月26日至9月2日)”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics(June5 to August2l)少年护 林员野生动物奥林匹克运动会(6月5日至8月21 日)”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point(June9 to Septem ber2)在Artist Point的峡谷会谈(6月9日至9月2 日)”以及“Photography Workshops(June 19&.July10) 摄影研讨会(6月19日和7月10日)”可知，四个项目 中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早。 22.D细节理解题。根据文章“Canyon Talks at Artist Point(June9 to September2)在Artist Point的峡谷会 谈(6月9日至9月2日)”部分中的“From a classic viewpoint,enjoy Lower Falls,the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (while learning about the area's natural and human history. 一个经典的视角，欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色 彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史。”可知，在Art- ist Point的简短演讲主题是关于峡谷地区的历史。 23.B 细节理解题。根据文章“Photography Workshops (June19&.July10)摄影研讨会(6月19日和7月10 日)”部分中的“7/10一Wildflowers&.White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. (7/10一Wildflowers&.White Balance:在奇滕登停车场 的Washburn Trailhead举行。)”可知，7月10日参加镊 影研讨会的将在Washburn Trailhead集合。 Passage 7 [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章通过作者和悉尼 人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。 32.C主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometime in the early 1960s,a significant thing happened in Sydney,Austral- ia.The city discovered its harbor.(20世纪60年代初， 澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的 港口。)”以及“But it is the harbor that makes the city. (但是是港口造就了城市。)”可知，本段主要介绍了悉 尼发展的关键是港口 33.D细节理解题。根据第二段“Andrew Reynolds,a cheerful fellow in his early 30s,pilot Sydney ferryboats for a living.(30岁出头的Andrew Reynolds是个快乐 的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生。)”、第三段 “I'I miss these old boats(我会想念这些旧船的)”以及 第五段“Catamarans are faster,but they're not so ele- gant,and they're not fun to pilot..(双体船更快，但它们 不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣。)”可知，渡轮领航员 Andrew Reynolds喜欢老式渡船。 34.A推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's official historian,told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s,Sydney swept aside much of its past,including many of its finest buildings,(悉尼的官 方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔 向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边， 包括许多最漂亮的建筑。)”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为 悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。 35.A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“)n the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attrac- tions.I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.(另一方面，同时既年轻 又古老也有它的魅力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻 商人Anthony时，我考虑到了这一点。)”以及最后一段 “He is right(他说得没错)”可推知，作者赞同Anthony 的观，点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。 3.灾害防范 [语篇解读」这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年 9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里 的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯 塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在威胁人们 安全的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危 险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的 农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被 人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。 28.B细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result,since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones..(因此，自l996 年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目 上花费约200万美元。飞机在威胁人们安全的风暴中 心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹 之前像雨一样落下。)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰 雹的形成。 29.A细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-cen tral Alberta-downwind of the hail project flights-wor- ry that precious moisture()is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔 省中东部的农民们担心，‘冰雹计划’飞行的下风处，宝 贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。)” 可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。 30.C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“()ne doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell,a research scientist who just retired from the University of Okla- homa.'In 1999,I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风)form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,, Dr.Doswell says.Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind?No one really knows,of course,but the seeding goes on..'(查克·多 斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学 家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。‘1999年，我 在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由于在风暴中心播撒而形成的 重大龙卷风，’多斯韦尔博士说。 ‘人工降雨会制造致 命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知 道，但是播撒还在继续。)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到 他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带 来的危险。 3l.D推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of doubt,Mr.Stienwand suggests,'it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.'In practice,doubt has had the op- posite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concern- ing their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence,private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. (考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，‘停止人工降雨是 明智的。’在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺 乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人 工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对 合法的安全条件下进行。)”可推知，从最后一段我们能 推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。 第二部分阅读理解七选五 主题1生活、学习与工作 Passage I 「语篇解读文章介绍了四种从小培养孩子劳动品质的 实用方法」 36.A根据空前“Involve your child in the daily running of the house:tidying toys,feeding the dog,watering the plants.(让孩子参与家庭日常事务：整理玩具、喂狗、浇