北京市北京师范大学附属中学2025-2026学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题

北京师大附中 2025—2026 学年（下）高二期末考试 英语试卷 考生须知： 1.本试卷有七道大题，共13页。考试时长100分钟，满分110分。 2.考生务必将答案填写在机读卡和答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 3.考试结束后，考生应将机读卡和答题纸交回。 第Ⅰ卷 一、完形填空（本大题共10小题，共10分） Gardening changed how I see myself as a disabled woman. When I started gardening in 2018, I didn’t know anything about plants, let alone how to grow things we can eat. I thought gardening required a lot of ____1____tasks. As I have a genetic (遗传的) condition that causes my bones to ____2____easily, I didn’t believe I could complete them. The thought of taking care of plants in a wheelchair every day made me feel____3____ . But just like how I gradually learnt everything else as a disabled person, I had to ____4____how to garden my way. That first season, I visited my garden as much as I could. Noticing my interest in gardening, my neighbors in the community____5____offered me advice and support. Under their careful____6____, I managed to pull up the weeds and watered my plants on my own. Finally, I was so proud to eat the tomatoes I grew and even shared some with neighbors. They tasted like summertime. Gardening has ____7____ how I see other parts of my life. As a disabled woman, I fear being seen as a ____8____ and struggle to ask for the things I need. Gardening helped me normalize the fact that I have needs. I don’t think my plant is a heavy load because it needs more nutrition. I don’t ____9____ it for getting insects and not being able to fight against them. Gardening also helped me expand my social circle and grow close to people in our community. Over the years, gardening has made me feel more confident in every aspect of my life. I’m planting what I want to grow, and I have gained a lot of _____10_____from that. 1. A. simple B. physical C. pleasant D. urgent 2. A. change B. rest C. break D. move 3. A. anxious B. expectant C. motivated D. bored 4. A. look over B. show off C. bring back D. figure out 5. A. suddenly B. readily C. hesitantly D. casually 6. A. observation B. check C. discussion D. guidance 7. A. impacted B. ruined C. controlled D. recorded 8. A. support B. comfort C. burden D. threat 9. A. appreciate B. fault C. challenge D. forgive 10. A. justice B. access C. weight D. power 二、阅读理解（本大题共19小题，共28.5分） 第一节 A Pets are part of our family so it’s important to factor them in when planning a trip that you’re not taking them with you on. Pet charity Blue Cross advises planning well in advance so you know that your pet will be comfortable. Family and friends Leaving your pet in the care of a trusted friend or neighbour will give you peace of mind that it will be well cared for. Your pet will be able to stay with them in their home. Things to consider if your pet is staying in another house: · Do they have another dog or pet and will they get on with your pet? · Do they have a garden? Is the garden secure so your pet can’t escape? Pet sitter Pet sitters stay in or visit your home to look after your pet while you’re away for a fee. This is a good option which allows your pet to stay in a familiar environment and you will receive regular updates. How to find a good pet sitter: · Ask friends and family for recommendations for pet sitters. · Pet sitters don’t need a license to work, but reputable ones will be able to show you training and insurance certificates. · Check reviews online from independent review sites. Home boarder Home boarders are people that take pets into their own homes to look after for a fee. How to find a good home boarder: · Check their home has no obvious dangers, like exposed wires, toxic substances and unsecured fences. · Your pet is invited round to get to know the home and meet the family it’ll be staying with. · You can easily find and view their license to home board pets from the local council as well as their insurance details and training. Boarding kennels Kennels are an option, but it depends whether your pet is comfortable being left alone in a kennel environment around other pets. How to find a boarding kennel: · Get a personal recommendation, and check the kennel is licensed. · Ask if you can visit before you book. · Ask about insurance cover and the procedure for contacting a vet (兽医). 11. If you prefer your pet to stay in a familiar environment, you can leave it with _____. A. a friend B. a pet sitter C. a home boarder D. a boarding kennel 12. How can one find a suitable home boarder? A. Call the insurance company. B. Check the license from the local council. C. Check reviews from independent review sites. D. Invite him over to your home and meet your family. 13. Who may find this passage most useful? A. A vet who desires to change his job. B. A man who is considering adopting a dog. C. A couple who are planning to rent a house. D. A pet owner who will take a business trip. B Uday Bhatia’s enthusiasm for technology began in childhood. His interest was awakened when he received a drone (无人机) in the fourth grade, stimulating a curiosity about how machines work. By 14, he had taught himself computer science and created his first video game on Roblox. However, Uday’s passion wasn’t limited to coding and gadgets — he was deeply aware of societal issues. During the pandemic, he developed FindOurTutor, an e-tutoring platform to help students continue learning remotely. At 16, Uday, as part of a mentorship program, visited Bichpuri village in Uttar Pradesh and discovered a critical problem: the villagers faced six-to-eight-hour-long power outages. “When I learned that children were using flashlights and kerosene lamps to study, I wanted to find a solution,” he recalls. His research revealed that while most villages in India had been electrified, unreliable power supply remained a continuing issue in many rural areas, with some states like Rajasthan and Uttarakhand enduring power cuts lasting 10 to 12 hours a day. Determined to help, Uday spent the next six months learning from instructional videos and gathering second-hand components. He worked in his terrace (屋顶) workshop, experimenting with different designs until he developed the Smart OutageGuard (OG), a low-cost backup lightbulb (灯泡) with a lithium-ion battery. The bulb, priced at Rs 250, about half the cost of other options, features dynamic-lumen technology and pulse-width modulation, which allows users to adjust the brightness. This feature extends the bulb’s illumination capacity to up to 10 hours, depending on the brightness level. Since its launch in May 2022, Smart OG bulbs have reached 10,000 homes across eight states. Uday also founded Uday Electric, a for-profit venture that collaborates with distributors, NGOs, retailers, and CSR programs to provide affordable lighting to semi-electrified rural areas. For non-electrified regions, he developed the Glow Grid, a solar-powered lamp, launched this month. Uday’s innovations have earned him several awards, including the 2023 Diana Legacy Award. His long-term goal is to provide low-cost energy to every home, and he’s just getting started. 14. Uday Bhatia’s experience in Bichpuri village influenced him to ________. A. develop an interest in computer science B. create a low-cost, backup-based lightbulb C. launch an e-tutoring platform for students D. study power supply systems in other villages 15. What do we know about Uday’s inventions? A. They make energy easier to access. B. They bring innovation to global markets. C. They focus on sustainable energy solutions. D. They provide affordable lighting for rural areas. 16. Which of the following best describes Uday Bhatia? A. Innovative and commercial. B. Determined and socially aware. C. Creative and environmentally conscious. D. Technologically skilled and competitive. C When people hear “artificial intelligence,” many envision “big data.” There’s a reason for that: some of the most important AI breakthroughs in the past decade have relied on enormous data sets. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in “small data” approaches has grown extensively over the past decade—with so-called transfer learning as an especially promising example. Also known as “fine-tuning,” transfer learning is helpful in settings where you have little data on the task of interest but abundant data on a related problem. The way it works is that you first train a model using a big data set and then retrain slightly using a smaller data set related to your specific problem. Research in transfer learning approaches has grown impressively over the past 10 years. In a new report for Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET), we examined current and projected progress in scientific research across “small data” approaches. Our analysis found that transfer learning stands out as a category that has experienced the most consistent and highest research growth on average since 2010. This growth has even outpaced the larger and more established field of reinforcement learning, which in recent years has attracted widespread attention. Small data approaches such as transfer learning offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive methods. By enabling the use of AI with less data, they can bolster progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely or in predicting the risk of disease for a population set that does not have digital health records. Another way of thinking about the value of transfer learning is in terms of generalization. A recurring challenge in the use of AI is that models need to “generalize” beyond their training data. Because transfer learning models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another, they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task, even if only limited data were available. Moreover, by using pretrained models, transfer learning can speed up training time and could also reduce the amount of computational resources needed to train algorithms (算法). This efficiency is significant, considering that the process of training one large neural (神经系统的) network requires considerable energy. Despite the growth in research, transfer learning has received relatively little visibility. The existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policy makers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption. By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like transfer learning—and distributing resources to support their widespread use—we can help overcome some of the common misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and facilitate innovation in new directions. 17. What does the underlined word “bolster” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Promote. B. Seek. C. Track. D. Monitor. 18. In which of the following settings can transfer learning be best applied? A. Predicting the frequency of floods in Amazon rainforest. B. Designing a program that can read handwritten documents. C. Forecasting the number of people infected with an unknown illness. D. Predicting house prices based on basic features like area and location. 19. What is the writer’s attitude towards transfer learning? A. Doubtful. B. Optimistic. C. Critical. D. Unconcerned. 20. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Transfer Learning: Where Does It Best Fit? B. Small Data Are Also Crucial for Advancing AI C. Transfer Learning Powers Technological Advances D. Big Data vs. Small Data: Which Is the Future of AI? D Genetic (基因的) variation is what allows a species to adapt as climate changes, new diseases arise, and novel enemies come on the scene. A slightly different genetic makeup can ensure at least some individuals will still do OK in times of crisis. But just as the number of species is declining worldwide, so, too, is the genetic diversity within many species. Until 2022, governments focused primarily on preventing species from disappearing. That year, however, when updating the United Nations’s Convention on Biological Diversity treaty (条约), participating countries agreed to start to look at genetic diversity as well. The first step toward slowing the trend is understanding it. Conservation biologist Catherine Gruéber from the University of Sydney and many colleagues gathered 882 papers written between 1985 and 2019 that tracked diversity changes within 628 individual species by analyzing their DNA at at least two time points. The team used complex statistical analyses to make the data comparable, enabling them to identify trends and correlate loss of genetic diversity with floods, habitat destruction, or other disturbances. They also tracked what happened in the face of various conservation measures, such as legally protecting a species or setting aside and protecting habitat. Two-thirds of the populations analyzed exhibited a decline in diversity, Gruéber and her colleagues report. That included species already known to be at risk, but it also included more common species. The implication is that those species may be less able to bounce back than expected during environmental change, says Alicia Mastertta-Yanes, a conservation geneticist. Some conservation efforts, such as ecological restoration or reducing pests (害虫), didn’t help much, the analysis found. But certain actions did seem to help, such as efforts to expand and protect habitat, introduce new individuals to declining populations, or connect two isolated populations. “It was pretty impressive that they were able to track what human disturbances and conservation actions had done,” says Moisés Alonso, an evolutionary geneticist who authored a preprint last year indicating that protecting existing habitat won’t be enough to prevent genetic diversity losses for many species. “We needed something like this,” he says. Conservation scientists emphasize the importance of continuing to monitor populations. But DNA methods aren’t always practical, some note. “It is relatively hard and expensive to measure genetic diversity directly,” Mastertta-Yanes says. To get around that, Mastertta-Yanes and others published a paper in Ecology Letters last year that used proxy (代替物) measures, such as population size, to evaluate genetic diversity in 919 species. The method, which only required about 3 hours of work per species, indicated that 58% of the species have populations that are too small to maintain their genetic diversity. The fact that these different approaches found declining diversity “makes both results more convincing,” Mastertta-Yanes says. “Finally, genetic diversity is getting the attention it deserves.” 21. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Challenges of collecting DNA data for diversity research. B. Findings on genetic diversity changes over the past 30 years. C. Research methods applied to track genetic diversity changes. D. Impacts of human disturbances on diversity of different species. 22. What can be learned from Grueber’s study? A. Habitat extension and population management preserve diversity. B. The diversity of common species tends to decline more severely. C. At-risk species better resist the impact of environmental changes. D. Ecosystem recovery and pest control drive population rise. 23. Mastertta-Yanes holds that DNA methods ________. A. will soon be replaced by proxy measures B. lack practicality due to their costs and complexity C. may get in the way of monitoring species populations D. require a large population size to achieve high accuracy 24. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To identify more effective methods applied in gene research. B. To advocate for using DNA methods exclusively in conservation efforts. C. To warn people of the threat posed by environmental changes on species. D. To draw people’s attention to effective measures against loss of diversity. 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Being sensitive means that you are observant, careful, and thoughtful. It can also mean you sometimes overinterpret or overreact to perceived criticism or judgment. If you tend to be a highly sensitive person, you are more likely to misread signals from others, sense social threats, and struggle to adapt to new circumstances. ____25____ The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟钝的) power” .____26____ For example, those working on complex research projects with “sluggish power” persist with focus and determination in the face of challenges such as tight deadlines and limited resources. Their resilience facilitates effective problem-solving, ensuring the successful completion of tasks despite obstacles. ____27____ That is one of the important reasons why insensitivity allows a person to better survive and adapt in a competitive environment. Knowing oneself is difficult, but knowing oneself correctly is undoubtedly an excellent ability — a trait shared by many successful people, who all clearly know where their strengths are, what they can do, what they want, and what direction to go. Practicing insensitivity involves several key strategies. Firstly, be assertive. Express our needs and opinions positively and with confidence. Secondly, adopt a forward-looking mindset. ____28____ Additionally, detach from external influences. Avoid excessive concern over others’ opinions and speculation on others’ thoughts. Lastly, manage relationships. Recognize our personal responsibilities while respecting others’ boundaries. Don’t interfere with other people’s subjects and don’t let others interfere with ours either. ____29____ Once you become a bit “blunt” and slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable. A. Learn to view the problem as two parts. B. That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from. C. I hope everyone can obtain the ability to be insensitive. D. Behind insensitivity is a strong sense of self-awareness. E. Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges. F. It implies the ability to calmly face the setbacks and firmly move forward. G. Focus on long-term goals rather than the ups and downs of life at the moment. 第II卷 三、根据语境拼写单词（本大题共6小题，共6分） 30. If you love reading and organizing knowledge, becoming a ________ (图书管理员) could be a wonderful career choice. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 31. Doctors often work under a tight ________ (日程安排), with almost no time to rest between patients. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 32. She is a tough ________ (竞争者) and never gives up during races. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 33. A dog’s ________(忠诚) to its owner is one of the most touching things in the world. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 34. As a ________ (小说家), she draws inspiration from her own life experiences and travels. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 35. The interviewer was impressed by her ________ (真诚) and passion for the job. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 四、选词填空（本大题共4小题，共8分） 请根据语境选择词语，并用其恰当形式填空，每个词仅使用一次 contain, fix, window, charge, spot, balance 36. I need to ________ the details of my travel plan before booking the flight. 37. ________ by the rescue team just in time, the injured climber was sent to a nearby hospital. 38. He struggled ________ his anger when he heard the unfair criticism. 39. ________ across the finish line, the runner collapsed from exhaustion. 五、语法填空：（本大题共9小题，共13.5分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 An epidemic refers to an infectious disease spreading quickly among crowds within two weeks, whose classification depends on its death-rate baseline. Throughout history, deadly epidemics including the Black Death, the 1918 Spanish Flu, SARS and Ebola have struck the world, ____40____ (claim) numerous lives. Since bird flu first broke out in 1997, people ____41____ (worry) it may become a global epidemic. Therefore, all governments are determined to carry out systematic medical research and cooperate internationally ____42____ (defeat) future epidemics. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Light-weight lithium, nicknamed white gold, is a multi-functional metal ____43____ density is lower than water. Widely ____44____ (apply) in lithium-battery-powered electronics, electric vehicles and power-storage stations, its alloys serve aircraft and high-speed train parts. Besides industry, lithium can treat bipolar disorder, ease negative emotions and reduce mental-related problems. Naturally existing in groundwater and vegetables, this element is ____45____ (constant) changing our daily life. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 “Sir, what does the saying ‘Isn’t it a delight to learn and constantly review things one has learned’ mean?” A fourth grade student  ___46___ (pose) this question to the virtual Confucius on the screen. The digital figure replied, “It means we need to constantly review ___47___ we have learned. By doing this, we gain new insights.” In this case, the AI teaching assistant provided students with an ___48___ (interact) learning experience. It’s not rare. Nowadays, the integration of AI and education is changing the way schools are organized. 六、补全句子：请根据括号中所给中文提示填空，注意使用恰当形式（本大题共3小题，共12分） 49. 想要活得从容自信，你要放下迎合所有人期待的欲望，专注于与你个人成长的优先事项相符的目标。 To live with calm and confidence, you need to ________ and ________ in personal growth. 50. 为了在未来的就业市场中保持竞争力，我们必须有学习新技能和提出新想法的能力，并且要善于与人沟通且善于适应不断的变化。 To stay competitive in the future job market, we must have the ability, ________ and ________ be good at ________. 51. 我认为自己能够胜任该岗位，不仅因为我是一个敢于冒险和创新的人，还因为我拥有出色的沟通能力，并对工作中的挑战抱以积极心态。 I think I am qualified for this position not only because ________, but also because ________ in work. 七、书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第52、53题各2分，第54题3分，第55题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed the accountant exam, her heart sank. She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed the certificate to advance her own career. “My inner child got upset,” recalls George. But then, she called her friend. “I told her I failed and admitted I was envious,” she says. Being frank shifted her attitude, and she was surprised to realize she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in tum. “I congratulated my friend and told her she inspired me,” George says. This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. Freudenfreude is like social glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College. It makes relationships “close and more enjoyable.” A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict. While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful, it doesn’t always come easily. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming. Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Negative emotions like anger or dislike may lead to the opposite of freudenfreude. Luckily, the ability of freudenfreude can be exercised. To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and his colleagues developed a programme called Freudenfreude Enhancement Training practices. They found that depressed students who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which enhanced their relationships and improved their moods. Given that, having freudenfreude is beneficial and it is worthwhile to explore ways to encourage the feeling. 52. According to scientists, what is freudenfreude? _________________________________________________ 53. What impact does freudenfreude have on daily life? _________________________________________________ 54. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. _________________________________________________ 55. Besides George’s experience mentioned in the passage, please describe one of your experiences of freudenfreude. (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 56. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的外国好友 Jim 准备给其校报的 Technology and Life 栏目投投稿。他发来邮件询问你的建议，请用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 建议投稿内容； 2. 就以上建议简要说明理由。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 北京师大附中 2025—2026 学年（下）高二期末考试 英语试卷 考生须知： 1.本试卷有七道大题，共13页。考试时长100分钟，满分110分。 2.考生务必将答案填写在机读卡和答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 3.考试结束后，考生应将机读卡和答题纸交回。 第Ⅰ卷 一、完形填空（本大题共10小题，共10分） 【1~10题答案】 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D 二、阅读理解（本大题共19小题，共28.5分） 第一节 A 【11~13题答案】 【答案】11. B 12. B 13. D B 【14~16题答案】 【答案】14. B 15. D 16. B C 【17~20题答案】 【答案】17. A 18. C 19. B 20. B D 【21~24题答案】 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 【25~29题答案】 【答案】25. B 26. F 27. D 28. G 29. C 第II卷 三、根据语境拼写单词（本大题共6小题，共6分） 【30题答案】 【答案】 librarian 【31题答案】 【答案】schedule 【32题答案】 【答案】competitor 【33题答案】 【答案】loyalty 【34题答案】 【答案】novelist 【35题答案】 【答案】sincerity 四、选词填空（本大题共4小题，共8分） 【36~39题答案】 【答案】36. fix 37. Spotted 38. to contain 39. Charging 五、语法填空：（本大题共9小题，共13.5分） A 【40~42题答案】 【答案】40. claiming 41. have worried##have been worrying 42. to defeat B 【43~45题答案】 【答案】43. whose 44. applied 45. constantly C 【46~48题答案】 【答案】46. posed 47. what 48. interactive 六、补全句子：请根据括号中所给中文提示填空，注意使用恰当形式（本大题共3小题，共12分） 【49题答案】 【答案】 ①. let go of the desire to live up to everyone’s expectations ②. focus on goals aligned with your priorities 【50题答案】 【答案】 ①. to learn new skills and come up with new ideas ②. to ③. communicating with others and adapting to constant changes 【51题答案】 【答案】 ①. I am a person brave enough to take risks and innovate ②. I possess excellent communication skills and hold a positive attitude towards challenges 七、书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第52、53题各2分，第54题3分，第55题5分，共12分） 【52~55题答案】 【答案】52. Freudenfreude is finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. 53. It improves life satisfaction and even helps people co-operate during a conflict. 54. Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. Mental well-being can affect your ability to participate in the joy of others. 55. 1) Last year, in the relay race, my team was defeated by my friend’s team I felt a little envious at first. However, seeing excitement on his face, I related to him and joined in the celebration. As we celebrated together, we were reminded of the power of sharing joy. 2) I experienced freudenfreude when my friend got accepted into her dream school. Although I was still struggling for my final exam and not sure what my future would hold, I sent her sincere congratulations on the success. That enhanced the bond between us, fostering mutual support and encouragement. 第二节（20分） 【56题答案】 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m glad to hear that you’re going to contribute an article to your school newspaper’s column Technology and Life. I’m writing to offer you some practical suggestions. I strongly recommend you write about how AI changes students’ daily study and life. You can take AI learning tools as examples, such as AI tutors that help us review knowledge and translate articles quickly. Besides, you can also mention the hidden risks of over-reliance on technology. The reasons are as follows. First of all, AI is closely connected with every student’s school life, so it will arouse readers’ great interest. What’s more, discussing both advantages and disadvantages makes your article objective and thought-provoking, which is more attractive to the editors. Hope my advice will be helpful to you. Looking forward to your excellent article! Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $