周周有招同步提高班Unit5 讲义第二讲 2026-2027学年人教版八年级英语上册

本讲义聚焦初中英语名词数量表达核心知识点，系统梳理可数名词复数规则与不规则变化，不可数名词量化表达方法，how many与how much的区分及many/much、a few/few、a little/little的用法，通过课前诊断、课堂精讲（含口诀、表格）、分层练习构建完整学习支架。 该资料以“数量密码”为主题，设计原创情境化练习（如家庭烹饪比赛完形填空）、高频易错点总结表格及知识体系图谱，结合口诀记忆法提升语言能力，分层作业（基础/能力/拓展）培养学习能力，兼类名词辨析与主谓一致训练发展思维品质，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生查漏补缺。

第2讲 名词的"数量密码"——从可数不可数到量词表达 学习目标 1. 掌握可数名词复数的规则和不规则变化。 1. 学会不可数名词的量化表达。 1. 能区分 how many 和 how much。 1. 掌握 many/much, a few/few, a little/little 的用法。 模块一 课前诊断（10分钟） 1.1 热身激活（3分钟） 判断下列名词是可数（C）还是不可数（U）： 1. water （ ） 2. apple （ ） 3. rice （ ） 4. tomato （ ） 1. bread （ ） 6. information （ ） 7. child （ ） 8. milk （ ） 核心追问：不可数名词不能直接计数，那如何表达数量呢？ 请写下你的思考：_________________________________________________________ 1.2 诊断测试（7分钟） 一、写出下列可数名词的复数形式（每题1分，共8分） 1. apple → ______________ 1. box → ______________ 1. family → ______________ 1. tomato → ______________ 1. knife → ______________ 1. child → ______________ 1. sheep → ______________ 1. foot → ______________ 二、单项选择（每题1分，共5分） 1. We need two _______ of bread. A. piece B. pieces C. piece D. a piece 1. How _______ milk do we need? A. many B. much C. a few D. a little 1. There are some _______ on the table. A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. a tomato 1. I'd like two _______ of water. A. glass B. glasses C. glass D. a glass 1. There is _______ news in today's newspaper. A. many B. a few C. some D. a 模块二 课堂精讲 2.1 认知跃迁导入——从"名词分类"到"数量表达" 核心问题：为什么有些名词能数（如 three apples），有些不能数（如 some water）？不能数的名词怎么表达数量？ 2.2 可数名词的"变形密码"——复数变化规则 2.2.1 规则变化 规则 原形 复数 发音 说明 一般加 ________ book / cat / day books / cats / days 清辅音后 /s/；浊辅音/元音后 /z/ 大多数名词 s/sh/ch/x 加 ________ bus / watch / box buses / watches / boxes /____/ 注意 ch 读 /tʃ/ 辅音 + y 变 i 加 ________ family / city families / cities /z/ 元音 + y 直接加 -s（boys） o 结尾：有生命加 ________ tomato / potato tomatoes / potatoes /z/ 无生命加 -s（________） f/fe 变 v 加 ________ knife / leaf knives / leaves /vz/ 特例：roof→________ 以 o 结尾名词复数记忆口诀： "英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿"——hero→, potato→, tomato→（有生命，加 -es） "钢琴照片收音机"——piano→, photo→, radio→（无生命，加 -s） 以 f/fe 结尾名词复数记忆口诀： "狼和妻子用刀切面包，一半叶子落下来"——wolf→, wife→, knife→, half→, leaf→________ 2.2.2 不规则变化 类型 原形 复数 规律 改变元音 man / woman ________ / ________ a→e foot / tooth / goose ________ / ________ / geese oo→ee 加 -en child / ox ________ / oxen 古英语残留 单复同形 sheep / deer / fish ________ / ________ / ________ 形状不变 Chinese / Japanese ________ / ________ 国籍名词 不规则变化记忆口诀： "男人女人 a 变 ________，脚牙鹅 oo 变 ； 孩子加上 -，老鼠变成 ________； 绵羊鹿鱼单复同，________不变要记清。" 国籍名词复数口诀： "中日不变英法变，其余 -s 加后边。"——Chinese/Japanese 不变；Englishman→, Frenchman→；German→________（注意：不是 Germen！） 例题1 写出下列名词的复数形式： 1. potato → ______________ 1. leaf → ______________ 1. man → ______________ 1. child → ______________ 1. fish → ______________ 1. German → ______________ 1. sheep → ______________ 1. photo → ______________ 2.3 不可数名词的"量化密码"——量词表达 2.3.1 不可数名词的特点 特点 示例 说明 不加 ________ a water ✗ 不可数名词前不能直接加不定冠词 没有________形式 waters ✗ 不可数名词没有复数形式 谓语用________ Water is important. 不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数 用 much/little 修饰 much water 不用 ________/few 常见不可数名词分类： 类别 示例 液体 water, milk, juice, ________, coffee, oil 固体/粉末 bread, ________, meat, cheese, butter, sugar, salt, flour 抽象概念 information, ________, news, knowledge, luck, fun, work, homework 学科 math, ________, music, art, physics 2.3.2 不可数名词的量化——量词结构 核心结构：数词/冠词 + ________ + of + 不可数名词 量词 搭配 示例 a ________ of 一片/张/条/则 a piece of bread / paper / advice / news a glass/cup of ________ a glass of water, a cup of tea a ________ of 一碗 a bowl of rice / soup a spoon of ________ a spoon of sugar / salt a slice of 一片（________） a slice of bread / cake a ________ of 一瓶 a bottle of milk / juice a kilo of ________ a kilo of meat 注意：量词有复数变化，不可数名词本身不变。 单数 复数 a piece of bread two ________ of bread a glass of water three ________ of water a bowl of rice four ________ of rice a spoon of sugar five ________ of sugar 例题2 用所给词的适当形式填空： 1. I need two _______ (piece) of bread. 1. She drank three _______ (glass) of water. 1. Please add two _______ (spoon) of sugar. 2.3.3 how many 与 how much 的区别 疑问词 修饰对象 示例 How ________ 可数名词复数 How many apples do we need? How ________ 不可数名词 How much milk do we need? 三步法：①看后面的________ → ②判断是可数还是________ → ③可数用 how ________，不可数用 how ________ 例题3 用 How many 或 How much 填空： 1. _______ apples do we need? 1. _______ water do you drink every day? 1. _______ tomatoes do you want? 1. _______ bread do we have? 2.3.4 修饰名词的数量词 修饰词 用法 可数名词 不可数名词 ________ 许多 many books ✗ much ________ ✗ much water a lot of / lots of 许多 a lot of books a lot of ________ some 一些 ________ books some water a few ________（肯定） a few books ✗ ________ 很少（否定） few books ✗ a little 一点（________） ✗ a little water ________ 很少（否定） ✗ little water a few / few / a little / little 辨析口诀： "a few 有几个（________可数），few 没几个（可数）； a little 有一点（肯定），little 没多少（否定不可数）。" 例题4 用 many, much, a few, few, a little, little 填空： 1. There is _______ water in the bottle. You can drink it. 1. He has _______ friends, so he often feels lonely. 1. How _______ apples do we need? 1. There is _______ time left. Hurry up! 1. She has _______ good books. She loves reading. 2.4 可数名词与不可数名词的"兼类"与"辨析" 2.4.1 可数/不可数兼类名词 名词 可数含义 不可数含义 chicken 一只鸡（There are 3 ________.） 鸡肉（I like ________.） fish 一条鱼（a ________） 鱼肉（eat ________） room 房间（three ________） 空间（Make ________ for me.） time 次数（three ________） 时间（I have no ________.） paper 报纸/论文（a ________） 纸（a piece of ________） glass 玻璃杯（a ________） 玻璃（made of ________） hair 一根头发（a ________） 头发（long ________） experience 经历（an interesting ________） 经验（much ________） 例题5 选择正确的答案： 1. I need some _______ to write on. A. paper B. papers C. a paper 1. He read two _______ about science. A. paper B. papers C. a paper 1. Would you like some _______ for dinner? A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken 1. There are three _______ on the farm. A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken 2.4.2 主谓一致——不可数名词作主语 主语 谓语 示例 不可数名词 ________ Water is important. 时间/金钱/距离 ________ Three years is a long time. 量词 + of + 不可数名词 看________ A glass of water is on the table. 例题6 用 be 动词的适当形式填空： 1. The news _______ very exciting. 1. Two glasses of milk _______ on the table. 1. Ten years _______ a long time. 1. A bowl of rice _______ enough for me. 2.5 课堂练习 A 层·识记层——写出复数形式 1. bus → ______________ 1. baby → ______________ 1. knife → ______________ 1. potato → ______________ 1. tooth → ______________ 1. woman → ______________ 1. deer → ______________ 1. mouse → ______________ B 层·理解层——单项选择 1. We need two _______ of milk. A. bottle B. bottles C. a bottle D. bottle 1. How _______ sugar do we need? A. many B. much C. a few D. a little 1. There _______ some bread on the table. A. is B. are C. am D. be 1. I have _______ friends. They are all kind to me. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little 1. Could you give me _______ advice? A. many B. a few C. some D. a C 层·应用层——完形填空（原创题） 素材来源：自编题，素材基于 2026 年"家庭烹饪比赛"活动。 Last Sunday, my family had a cooking competition. Each of us made a different dish. I decided to make fruit salad. First, I prepared the _______ (1). I needed some apples, bananas and oranges. I also needed a _______ (2) of yogurt. Then I cut up the fruits and put them into a big bowl. I added two _______ (3) of honey. How delicious it smelled! My mom made chicken soup. She used three _______ (4) of water and two chicken legs. She also added some salt and pepper. The soup tasted wonderful. My dad made a cake. He needed two _______ (5) of flour, three eggs and some butter. He mixed them together and put the mixture into the oven. What a great job he did! At the end, we shared all the food. There _______ (6) so much delicious food on the table. We all had a wonderful time. What a great day it was! 1. A. ingredient B. ingredients C. a ingredient D. an ingredient 1. A. cup B. cups C. a cup D. cup 1. A. spoon B. spoons C. a spoon D. spoon 1. A. bowl B. bowls C. a bowl D. bowl 1. A. cup B. cups C. a cup D. cup 1. A. is B. are C. was D. were 2.6 课堂精讲反馈 高频易错点总结——请根据课堂讲解填写： 易错点 错误示例 正确用法 纠错技巧 o 结尾一律加 -es photos→photoes ______________ 有生命加 -es，无生命加 -s f 结尾一律变 v roofs→rooves ______________ 特例：roof, chief, belief German 变 Germen Germen ______________ German 直接加 -s 不可数加 -s informations ______________ 不可数无复数 news 误为复数 News are good. ______________ news 形复意单 模块三 课堂小结 两讲知识体系总图谱——请根据两讲学习内容补全： Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal! 知识进化体系 同一知识主题（________ + 名词的数）· 六层认知深度递进 第1讲 感叹句的"情感密码" Level 1 识记：________________________ Level 2 理解：________________________ Level 3 应用：________________________ 第2讲 名词的"数量密码" Level 4 分析：________________________ Level 5 评价：________________________ Level 6 创造：________________________ 今日收获清单——请根据自己的理解填写： 1. 我掌握了可数名词复数的________________和________________变化。 1. 我学会了不可数名词的________________表达。 1. 我能区分________________和________________。 1. 我掌握了 /, a few/few, a little/little 的用法。 模块四 课后巩固作业 4.1 基础巩固（8分钟） 一、写出下列名词的复数形式（每题1分，共6分） 1. box → ______________ 1. city → ______________ 1. tomato → ______________ 1. wife → ______________ 1. child → ______________ 1. foot → ______________ 二、用 How many 或 How much 填空（每题1分，共4分） 1. _______ eggs do we need? 1. _______ butter do you want? 1. _______ tomatoes are there? 1. _______ milk do we have? 三、单项选择（每题1分，共4分） 1. There are two _______ of bread on the table. A. piece B. pieces C. a piece D. piece 1. I have _______ money. I can't buy the book. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 1. There _______ some good news for you. A. is B. are C. am D. be 1. She is a _______. She always gives us useful _______. A. advice; advices B. adviser; advices C. advisor; advice D. adviser; advice 4.2 能力提升（12分钟） 四、完形填空（原创题，每题1分，共8分） 素材来源：自编题，素材基于 2026 年"学校厨艺课"活动。 This term, we have a new cooking class. It is one of the most popular _______ (1) in our school. Every Friday afternoon, we learn to make different dishes. Last week, we learned to make tomato and egg soup. Our teacher told us the _______ (2). First, we needed three _______ (3) and two eggs. We also needed some _______ (4) and pepper. How easy it looked! But when I started, I made a mess. I cut the tomatoes into big pieces. I put too _______ (5) water in the pot. The soup was not tasty. My teacher gave me some good _______ (6). She said, "Don't worry. You need more practice." This week, I tried again. I followed the _______ (7) carefully. I used just the right amount of water. _______ (8) delicious the soup was! My family all loved it. I learned that practice makes perfect. 1. A. class B. classes C. a class D. an class 1. A. ingredient B. ingredients C. a ingredient D. an ingredient 1. A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. a tomato 1. A. salt B. salts C. a salt D. an salt 1. A. many B. much C. a few D. few 1. A. advice B. advices C. a advice D. an advice 1. A. instruction B. instructions C. a instruction D. an instruction 1. A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 五、阅读理解（原创题，每题2分，共8分） 素材来源：自编题，素材基于 2026 年"中学生饮食习惯调查"。 A school did a survey on students' eating habits. Here are the results. Breakfast About 70% of students have breakfast every day. Most of them eat bread, eggs and drink a glass of milk. 20% of students only have a cup of tea or coffee for breakfast. That's not healthy. 10% of students never have breakfast. How bad it is! Lunch Most students have lunch at school. The school provides different kinds of food. Students can choose rice, noodles, vegetables, meat and soup. The most popular dish is tomato and egg soup. How delicious it is! Snacks（零食） Many students like to eat snacks after school. 45% of students eat some fruit. 35% eat potato chips or chocolate. 20% eat ice cream. The school doctor says, "Too many snacks are bad for health. Students should eat more fruit and vegetables. How important a healthy diet is!" 1. What do most students have for breakfast? A. Only a cup of tea. B. Bread, eggs and a glass of milk. C. Coffee. D. Nothing. 1. How many students never have breakfast? A. 70%. B. 20%. C. 10%. D. 45%. 1. What is the most popular dish for lunch at school? A. Rice. B. Noodles. C. Chicken soup. D. Tomato and egg soup. 1. What does the school doctor advise? A. Eat more snacks. B. Eat more fruit and vegetables. C. Eat more potato chips. D. Eat more chocolate. 4.3 思维拓展（10分钟） 六、书面表达（10分） 题目：假设你是李华，你的英国笔友 Mike 来信想了解你最喜欢的中国菜及其做法。请根据以下提示写一封回信。 要点提示：1. 菜名和所需食材（注意名词的数和量词的使用）；2. 制作步骤（使用顺序副词）；3. 表达你的感受（至少使用 2 个感叹句）。 要求：80 词左右。 人教版八年级上册 Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal! · 知识进化体系 · 全2讲 同一知识主题（感叹句 + 名词的数），六层认知深度递进 Level 1 识记 → Level 2 理解 → Level 3 应用 → Level 4 分析 → Level 5 评价 → Level 6 创造 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第2讲 名词的"数量密码"——从可数不可数到量词表达 教学时长：120分钟（2课时） | 授课对象：八年级学生 | 课型：语法综合课 核心问题链：什么是可数名词和不可数名词？→ 可数名词复数怎么变？→ 不可数名词如何表达数量？→ how many 和 how much 怎么用？ 模块一 课前诊断（10分钟）| 分值：15分 1.1 热身激活（3分钟） 判断下列名词是可数（C）还是不可数（U）： 1. water （ ） 2. apple （ ） 3. rice （ ） 4. tomato （ ） 1. bread （ ） 6. information （ ） 7. child （ ） 8. milk （ ） 答案：1. U 2. C 3. U 4. C 5. U 6. U 7. C 8. U 解析：可数名词（apple, tomato, child）有明确的个体形态，可以一个一个数。不可数名词（water, rice, bread, information, milk）是物质或抽象概念，无法直接计数。 核心追问：不可数名词不能直接计数，那如何表达数量呢？ 1.2 诊断测试（7分钟） 一、写出下列可数名词的复数形式（每题1分，共8分） 1. apple → apples。解析：一般情况直接加 -s。 1. box → boxes。解析：以 x 结尾加 -es。 1. family → families。解析：辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -es。 1. tomato → tomatoes。解析：以 o 结尾，有生命，加 -es。 1. knife → knives。解析：以 fe 结尾，变 fe 为 v 加 -es。 1. child → children。解析：不规则变化。 1. sheep → sheep。解析：单复数同形。 1. foot → feet。解析：不规则变化，oo→ee。 二、单项选择（每题1分，共5分） 1. We need two _______ of bread. A. piece B. pieces C. piece D. a piece 答案：B 解析：bread 不可数，用量词 pieces 表示数量。量词有复数变化。 1. How _______ milk do we need? A. many B. much C. a few D. a little 答案：B 解析：milk 不可数，用 how much 提问。易错警示：how many 修饰可数名词，how much 修饰不可数名词。 1. There are some _______ on the table. A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. a tomato 答案：C 解析：some 后接可数名词复数，tomato 以 o 结尾，有生命，加 -es。 1. I'd like two _______ of water. A. glass B. glasses C. glass D. a glass 答案：B 解析：water 不可数，用量词 glasses。two glasses of water（两杯水）。 1. There is _______ news in today's newspaper. A. many B. a few C. some D. a 答案：C 解析：news 不可数，用 some 修饰。易错警示：news 虽以 -s 结尾，但它是不可数名词。 模块二 课堂精讲（80分钟） 2.1 认知跃迁导入——从"名词分类"到"数量表达"（5分钟） 第1讲我们学习了感叹句——用 What 和 How 表达情感。第2讲我们将学习名词的数——这是英语中最基础也最容易出错的知识点之一。 核心问题：为什么有些名词能数（如 three apples），有些不能数（如 some water）？不能数的名词怎么表达数量？ 2.2 可数名词的"变形密码"——复数变化规则（15分钟） 2.2.1 规则变化 规则 原形 复数 发音 说明 一般加 -s book / cat / day books / cats / days 清辅音后 /s/；浊辅音/元音后 /z/ 大多数名词 s/sh/ch/x 加 -es bus / watch / box buses / watches / boxes /ɪz/ 注意 ch 读 /tʃ/ 辅音 + y 变 i 加 -es family / city families / cities /z/ 元音 + y 直接加 -s（boys） o 结尾：有生命加 -es tomato / potato tomatoes / potatoes /z/ 无生命加 -s（photos） f/fe 变 v 加 -es knife / leaf knives / leaves /vz/ 特例：roof→roofs 以 o 结尾名词复数记忆口诀： "英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿"——hero→heroes, potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes（有生命，加 -es） "钢琴照片收音机"——piano→pianos, photo→photos, radio→radios（无生命，加 -s） 以 f/fe 结尾名词复数记忆口诀： "狼和妻子用刀切面包，一半叶子落下来"——wolf→wolves, wife→wives, knife→knives, half→halves, leaf→leaves 特例：roof→roofs（屋顶），chief→chiefs（首领），belief→beliefs（信仰） 2.2.2 不规则变化 类型 原形 复数 规律 改变元音 man / woman men / women a→e foot / tooth / goose feet / teeth / geese oo→ee 加 -en child / ox children / oxen 古英语残留 单复同形 sheep / deer / fish sheep / deer / fish 形状不变 Chinese / Japanese Chinese / Japanese 国籍名词 不规则变化记忆口诀： "男人女人 a 变 e，脚牙鹅 oo 变 ee； 孩子加上 -ren，老鼠变成 mice； 绵羊鹿鱼单复同，中日不变要记清。" 国籍名词复数口诀： "中日不变英法变，其余 -s 加后边。"——Chinese/Japanese 不变；Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen；German→Germans（注意：不是 Germen！） 例题1 写出下列名词的复数形式： 1. potato → potatoes。解析：以 o 结尾，有生命，加 -es。 1. leaf → leaves。解析：以 f 结尾，变 f 为 v 加 -es。 1. man → men。解析：不规则变化，a→e。 1. child → children。解析：不规则变化，加 -ren。 1. fish → fish。解析：单复数同形。表示不同种类时用 fishes。 1. German → Germans。解析：German 不是 Germen，直接加 -s。 1. sheep → sheep。解析：单复数同形。 1. photo → photos。解析：以 o 结尾，无生命，加 -s。 2.3 不可数名词的"量化密码"——量词表达（15分钟） 2.3.1 不可数名词的特点 特点 示例 说明 不加 a/an a water ✗ 不可数名词前不能直接加不定冠词 没有复数形式 waters ✗ 不可数名词没有复数形式 谓语用单数 Water is important. 不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数 用 much/little 修饰 much water 不用 many/few 常见不可数名词分类： 类别 示例 液体 water, milk, juice, tea, coffee, oil 固体/粉末 bread, rice, meat, cheese, butter, sugar, salt, flour 抽象概念 information, advice, news, knowledge, luck, fun, work, homework 学科 math, English, music, art, physics 2.3.2 不可数名词的量化——量词结构 核心结构：数词/冠词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词 量词 搭配 示例 a piece of 一片/张/条/则 a piece of bread / paper / advice / news a glass/cup of 一杯 a glass of water, a cup of tea a bowl of 一碗 a bowl of rice / soup a spoon of 一勺 a spoon of sugar / salt a slice of 一片（薄片） a slice of bread / cake a bottle of 一瓶 a bottle of milk / juice a kilo of 一公斤 a kilo of meat 注意：量词有复数变化，不可数名词本身不变。 单数 复数 a piece of bread two pieces of bread a glass of water three glasses of water a bowl of rice four bowls of rice a spoon of sugar five spoons of sugar 例题2 用所给词的适当形式填空： 1. I need two _______ (piece) of bread. 答案：pieces 解析：two 后量词用复数。bread 不可数，不变。 1. She drank three _______ (glass) of water. 答案：glasses 解析：three 后量词用复数。water 不可数，不变。 1. Please add two _______ (spoon) of sugar. 答案：spoons 解析：two 后量词用复数。sugar 不可数，不变。 2.3.3 how many 与 how much 的区别 疑问词 修饰对象 示例 How many 可数名词复数 How many apples do we need? How much 不可数名词 How much milk do we need? 三步法：①看后面的名词 → ②判断是可数还是不可数 → ③可数用 how many，不可数用 how much 例题3 用 How many 或 How much 填空： 1. _______ apples do we need? 答案：How many。解析：apples 是可数名词复数。 1. _______ water do you drink every day? 答案：How much。解析：water 是不可数名词。 1. _______ tomatoes do you want? 答案：How many。解析：tomatoes 是可数名词复数。 1. _______ bread do we have? 答案：How much。解析：bread 是不可数名词。 2.3.4 修饰名词的数量词 修饰词 用法 可数名词 不可数名词 many 许多 many books ✗ much 许多 ✗ much water a lot of / lots of 许多 a lot of books a lot of water some 一些 some books some water a few 几个（肯定） a few books ✗ few 很少（否定） few books ✗ a little 一点（肯定） ✗ a little water little 很少（否定） ✗ little water a few / few / a little / little 辨析口诀： "a few 有几个（肯定可数），few 没几个（否定可数）； a little 有一点（肯定不可数），little 没多少（否定不可数）。" 例题4 用 many, much, a few, few, a little, little 填空： 1. There is _______ water in the bottle. You can drink it. 答案：a little 解析：water 不可数，从"可以喝"可知是肯定含义，用 a little。 1. He has _______ friends, so he often feels lonely. 答案：few 解析：friends 可数，从"感到孤独"可知是否定含义，用 few。 1. How _______ apples do we need? 答案：many。解析：apples 可数，用 how many。 1. There is _______ time left. Hurry up! 答案：little 解析：time 不可数，从"Hurry up"可知是否定含义，用 little。 1. She has _______ good books. She loves reading. 答案：a few 解析：books 可数，从"她爱读书"可知是肯定含义，用 a few。 2.4 可数名词与不可数名词的"兼类"与"辨析"（15分钟） 2.4.1 可数/不可数兼类名词 有些名词在不同语境下，可数和不可数含义不同。 名词 可数含义 不可数含义 chicken 一只鸡（There are 3 chickens.） 鸡肉（I like chicken.） fish 一条鱼（a fish） 鱼肉（eat fish） room 房间（three rooms） 空间（Make room for me.） time 次数（three times） 时间（I have no time.） paper 报纸/论文（a paper） 纸（a piece of paper） glass 玻璃杯（a glass） 玻璃（made of glass） hair 一根头发（a hair） 头发（long hair） experience 经历（an interesting experience） 经验（much experience） 例题5 选择正确的答案： 1. I need some _______ to write on. A. paper B. papers C. a paper 答案：A 解析：此处 paper 表示"纸"，是不可数名词。 1. He read two _______ about science. A. paper B. papers C. a paper 答案：B 解析：此处 paper 表示"论文"，是可数名词，two 后用复数。 1. Would you like some _______ for dinner? A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken 答案：A 解析：此处 chicken 表示"鸡肉"，是不可数名词。 1. There are three _______ on the farm. A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken 答案：B 解析：此处 chicken 表示"鸡"，是可数名词，three 后用复数。 2.4.2 主谓一致——不可数名词作主语 主语 谓语 示例 不可数名词 单数 Water is important. 时间/金钱/距离 单数 Three years is a long time. 量词 + of + 不可数名词 看量词 A glass of water is on the table. 例题6 用 be 动词的适当形式填空： 1. The news _______ very exciting. 答案：is。解析：news 不可数，谓语用单数 is。 1. Two glasses of milk _______ on the table. 答案：are。解析：量词 glasses 是复数，谓语用复数 are。 1. Ten years _______ a long time. 答案：is。解析：时间作主语看作一个整体，谓语用单数 is。 1. A bowl of rice _______ enough for me. 答案：is。解析：量词 bowl 是单数，谓语用单数 is。 2.5 课堂练习（15分钟）| 分值：20分 A 层·识记层（5分钟）——写出复数形式 1. bus → buses。解析：以 s 结尾，加 -es。 1. baby → babies。解析：辅音 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -es。 1. knife → knives。解析：以 fe 结尾，变 fe 为 v 加 -es。 1. potato → potatoes。解析：以 o 结尾，有生命，加 -es。 1. tooth → teeth。解析：不规则变化，oo→ee。 1. woman → women。解析：不规则变化，a→e。 1. deer → deer。解析：单复数同形。 1. mouse → mice。解析：不规则变化。 B 层·理解层（5分钟）——单项选择 1. We need two _______ of milk. A. bottle B. bottles C. a bottle D. bottle 答案：B。解析：two 后量词用复数，milk 不可数。 1. How _______ sugar do we need? A. many B. much C. a few D. a little 答案：B。解析：sugar 不可数，用 how much。 1. There _______ some bread on the table. A. is B. are C. am D. be 答案：A。解析：bread 不可数，谓语用单数 is。 1. I have _______ friends. They are all kind to me. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little 答案：A。解析：friends 可数，从"They are all kind"可知是肯定含义，用 a few。 1. Could you give me _______ advice? A. many B. a few C. some D. a 答案：C。解析：advice 不可数，用 some。 C 层·应用层（5分钟）——完形填空（原创题） 素材来源：自编题，素材基于 2026 年"家庭烹饪比赛"活动。 Last Sunday, my family had a cooking competition. Each of us made a different dish. I decided to make fruit salad. First, I prepared the _______ (1). I needed some apples, bananas and oranges. I also needed a _______ (2) of yogurt. Then I cut up the fruits and put them into a big bowl. I added two _______ (3) of honey. How delicious it smelled! My mom made chicken soup. She used three _______ (4) of water and two chicken legs. She also added some salt and pepper. The soup tasted wonderful. My dad made a cake. He needed two _______ (5) of flour, three eggs and some butter. He mixed them together and put the mixture into the oven. What a great job he did! At the end, we shared all the food. There _______ (6) so much delicious food on the table. We all had a wonderful time. What a great day it was! 1. A. ingredient B. ingredients C. a ingredient D. an ingredient 1. A. cup B. cups C. a cup D. cup 1. A. spoon B. spoons C. a spoon D. spoon 1. A. bowl B. bowls C. a bowl D. bowl 1. A. cup B. cups C. a cup D. cup 1. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. C 详细解析： 1. B the + 名词，根据后文"some apples, bananas and oranges"，ingredient 用复数 ingredients。易错警示：学生可能选 A，但后文列举了多种食材，应用复数。 1. A "a cup of yogurt"固定搭配，cup 用单数。yogurt 不可数。 1. B two 后量词用复数 spoons。honey 不可数。 1. B three 后量词用复数 bowls。water 不可数。 1. B two 后量词用复数 cups。flour 不可数。 1. C food 不可数，且故事发生在过去（Last Sunday），用 was。 2.6 课堂精讲反馈（5分钟） 重点讲解内容： 1. 可数名词复数变化规则（规则 + 不规则）。 1. 不可数名词的量化表达（量词 + of）。 1. how many 与 how much 的区别。 1. many/much, a few/few, a little/little 的辨析。 1. 可数/不可数兼类名词的辨析。 高频易错点总结： 易错点 错误示例 正确用法 纠错技巧 o 结尾一律加 -es photos→photoes photos（无生命加 -s） 有生命加 -es，无生命加 -s f 结尾一律变 v roofs→rooves roofs（直接加 -s） 特例：roof, chief, belief German 变 Germen Germen Germans German 直接加 -s 不可数加 -s informations information 不可数无复数 news 误为复数 News are good. News is good. news 形复意单 模块三 课堂小结（5分钟） 两讲知识体系总图谱： Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal! 知识进化体系 同一知识主题（感叹句 + 名词的数）· 六层认知深度递进 第1讲 感叹句的"情感密码" Level 1 识记：What 型和 How 型结构 Level 2 理解：判断三步法 Level 3 应用：陈述句改感叹句 第2讲 名词的"数量密码" Level 4 分析：可数/不可数名词分类 Level 5 评价：量词结构与数量词辨析 Level 6 创造：综合运用感叹句和名词的数 教师结语：经过两讲的学习，你在"感叹句 + 名词的数"这个知识主题上完成了六层认知深度递进。从"知道感叹句怎么用、名词怎么分类"到"能在真实场景中综合运用感叹句表达情感，用正确的量词表达数量"——这就是知识进化的本质。 今日收获清单： 1. 掌握了可数名词复数的规则和不规则变化。 1. 学会了不可数名词的量化表达。 1. 能区分 how many 和 how much。 1. 掌握了 many/much, a few/few, a little/little 的用法。 模块四 课后巩固作业（30分钟量）| 分值：30分 4.1 基础巩固（8分钟） 一、写出下列名词的复数形式（每题1分，共6分） 1. box → boxes。解析：以 x 结尾，加 -es。 1. city → cities。解析：辅音 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -es。 1. tomato → tomatoes。解析：以 o 结尾，有生命，加 -es。 1. wife → wives。解析：以 fe 结尾，变 fe 为 v 加 -es。 1. child → children。解析：不规则变化。 1. foot → feet。解析：不规则变化，oo→ee。 二、用 How many 或 How much 填空（每题1分，共4分） 1. _______ eggs do we need? 答案：How many。解析：eggs 可数名词复数。 1. _______ butter do you want? 答案：How much。解析：butter 不可数。 1. _______ tomatoes are there? 答案：How many。解析：tomatoes 可数名词复数。 1. _______ milk do we have? 答案：How much。解析：milk 不可数。 三、单项选择（每题1分，共4分） 1. There are two _______ of bread on the table. A. piece B. pieces C. a piece D. piece 答案：B。解析：two 后量词用复数。 1. I have _______ money. I can't buy the book. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 答案：B。解析：money 不可数，从"买不了书"可知是否定含义，用 little。 1. There _______ some good news for you. A. is B. are C. am D. be 答案：A。解析：news 不可数，谓语用单数 is。 1. She is a _______. She always gives us useful _______. A. advice; advices B. adviser; advices C. advisor; advice D. adviser; advice 答案：D。解析：adviser 可数，advice 不可数。 4.2 能力提升（12分钟） 四、完形填空（原创题，每题1分，共8分） 素材来源：自编题，素材基于 2026 年"学校厨艺课"活动。 This term, we have a new cooking class. It is one of the most popular _______ (1) in our school. Every Friday afternoon, we learn to make different dishes. Last week, we learned to make tomato and egg soup. Our teacher told us the _______ (2). First, we needed three _______ (3) and two eggs. We also needed some _______ (4) and pepper. How easy it looked! But when I started, I made a mess. I cut the tomatoes into big pieces. I put too _______ (5) water in the pot. The soup was not tasty. My teacher gave me some good _______ (6). She said, "Don't worry. You need more practice." This week, I tried again. I followed the _______ (7) carefully. I used just the right amount of water. _______ (8) delicious the soup was! My family all loved it. I learned that practice makes perfect. 1. A. class B. classes C. a class D. an class 1. A. ingredient B. ingredients C. a ingredient D. an ingredient 1. A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. a tomato 1. A. salt B. salts C. a salt D. an salt 1. A. many B. much C. a few D. few 1. A. advice B. advices C. a advice D. an advice 1. A. instruction B. instructions C. a instruction D. an instruction 1. A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 答案：1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. B 详细解析： 1. B "one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词"结构，class 用复数 classes。 1. B "the ingredients"指所需食材，用复数。易错警示：学生可能选 A，但"the + 名词"此处指多种食材。 1. C three 后名词用复数，tomato→tomatoes。 1. A salt 不可数，用原形。易错警示：学生可能误加 -s 选 B。 1. B water 不可数，用 too much。易错警示：too many 修饰可数名词。 1. A advice 不可数。易错警示：学生可能误加 -s 选 B。 1. B instruction 常用复数 instructions（用法说明）。 1. B 中心词 delicious（形容词），用 How。 五、阅读理解（原创题，每题2分，共8分） 素材来源：自编题，素材基于 2026 年"中学生饮食习惯调查"。 A school did a survey on students' eating habits. Here are the results. Breakfast About 70% of students have breakfast every day. Most of them eat bread, eggs and drink a glass of milk. 20% of students only have a cup of tea or coffee for breakfast. That's not healthy. 10% of students never have breakfast. How bad it is! Lunch Most students have lunch at school. The school provides different kinds of food. Students can choose rice, noodles, vegetables, meat and soup. The most popular dish is tomato and egg soup. How delicious it is! Snacks（零食） Many students like to eat snacks after school. 45% of students eat some fruit. 35% eat potato chips or chocolate. 20% eat ice cream. The school doctor says, "Too many snacks are bad for health. Students should eat more fruit and vegetables. How important a healthy diet is!" 1. What do most students have for breakfast? A. Only a cup of tea. B. Bread, eggs and a glass of milk. C. Coffee. D. Nothing. 答案：B 解析：原文"Most of them eat bread, eggs and drink a glass of milk."属于细节理解题。 1. How many students never have breakfast? A. 70%. B. 20%. C. 10%. D. 45%. 答案：C 解析：原文"10% of students never have breakfast."属于细节理解题。 1. What is the most popular dish for lunch at school? A. Rice. B. Noodles. C. Chicken soup. D. Tomato and egg soup. 答案：D 解析：原文"The most popular dish is tomato and egg soup."属于细节理解题。 1. What does the school doctor advise? A. Eat more snacks. B. Eat more fruit and vegetables. C. Eat more potato chips. D. Eat more chocolate. 答案：B 解析：原文"Students should eat more fruit and vegetables."属于细节理解题。 4.3 思维拓展（10分钟） 六、书面表达（10分） 题目：假设你是李华，你的英国笔友 Mike 来信想了解你最喜欢的中国菜及其做法。请根据以下提示写一封回信。 要点提示：1. 菜名和所需食材（注意名词的数和量词的使用）；2. 制作步骤（使用顺序副词）；3. 表达你的感受（至少使用 2 个感叹句）。 要求：80 词左右。 参考范文： Dear Mike, Thank you for your letter. You asked about my favorite Chinese dish. Let me tell you how to make tomato and egg soup. First, we need some ingredients: two tomatoes, two eggs, some salt and a little oil. Cut the tomatoes into small pieces. Then, heat some oil in a pot. Add the tomatoes and cook for two minutes. Next, add two bowls of water. When the water boils, pour the eggs into the pot. Finally, add a little salt. How simple it is! The soup tastes great. What a delicious and healthy dish it is! I hope you can try it. Yours, Li Hua 人教版八年级上册 Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal! · 知识进化体系 · 全2讲 同一知识主题（感叹句 + 名词的数），六层认知深度递进 Level 1 识记 → Level 2 理解 → Level 3 应用 → Level 4 分析 → Level 5 评价 → Level 6 创造 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $