周周有招同步提高班Unit2 讲义第二讲 2026-2027学年人教版八年级英语上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过“两讲知识体系总图谱”系统构建了请求与许可的知识框架，从第1讲基础规则到第2讲语用智慧，按“识记-理解-应用-分析-评价-创造”六级能力层级递进，并用礼貌层级阶梯、中西方请求策略对比表格等工具梳理知识脉络，清晰呈现重难点内在联系。 讲义以“语用智慧”为核心，设计“零信息保留”听力训练、社区跳蚤市场等真实场景任务，通过“黄金公式”培养语言能力，对比中西方请求方式提升文化意识。分层练习如语篇填空夯实基础、语篇建构任务激发思维，助力不同学生提升，为教师精准教学提供支持。

人教版八年级上册 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home · 全2讲 姓名：_______________ 班级：_______________ 学号：_______________ 第2讲 请求与许可的"语用智慧" 核心问题：如何在真实社交场景中选择恰当的礼貌程度？中西方请求方式的差异是什么？如何创造性地在复杂情境中运用请求与回应？ 模块一 课前诊断（10分钟） 1.1 语篇填空（5分钟） 阅读短文，根据语境填入恰当的can/can't/could/couldn't。 Dear Diary, Today was moving day! We moved to our new house. I wanted to help my parents, but I _______ (1) carry the heavy boxes. So I asked my dad, "Dad, _______ (2) I help you pack the books?" He smiled and said, "Sure, you _______ (3)." Then my mom said, "Tom, _______ (4) you please clean your new room?" "Of course I _______ (5)," I said. When I was cleaning, I found my old toy car. I _______ (6) play with it when I was five. But now it is broken. I asked my mom, "Mom, _______ (7) you please fix it for me?" She said, "Sorry, I _______ (8). But your dad can help." Later, our neighbor came. She said, "Welcome to the neighborhood! _______ (9) I help you with anything?" "That's very kind of you!" my mom said. I love our new home! 1.2 语篇分析（5分钟） 阅读以下两段对话，分析哪一段更礼貌，并说明理由。 对话A： A: Open the door. B: OK. 对话B： A: Could you please open the door? It's a little hot in here. B: Sure, no problem. 我认为对话______更礼貌。理由如下： 分析维度表（根据课堂讨论填写）： 维度 对话A 对话B 请求方式 ________ ________ 礼貌程度 ________ ________ 是否说明理由 ________ ________ 答语 ________ ________ 模块二 课堂精讲（80分钟） 2.1 从"语法规则"到"交际智慧"（5分钟） 笔记： Level 1-3（第1讲）：知道"请求与许可________"。 Level 4-6（第2讲）：知道""、""、"怎么在不同文化中________"。 2.2 请求的"礼貌层级"分析（15分钟） 礼貌层级阶梯（根据老师讲解填写）： 礼貌程度低 │ │ 第1级：________句（命令）→ Open the window. │ 第2级：________ + 祈使句 → Please open the window. │ 第3级：________ → Can you open the window? │ 第4级：________ → Can you please open the window? │ 第5级：________ → Could you open the window? │ 第6级：________ + 理由 → Could you please open the window? It's hot. │ 礼貌程度高 核心规律： 礼貌程度 = ________ + ________ + ________ 语篇分析： 阅读以下请求，将它们按礼貌程度从低到高排列，并说明理由。 A. Pass me the salt. B. Could you please pass me the salt? C. Can you pass me the salt? D. Please pass me the salt. 排序：______ → ______ → ______ → ______ 理由：_________________________________________________ ( ) 例题1 以下哪个请求最不礼貌？ A. Could you please help me? B. Can you help me? C. Help me. D. Can you please help me? 理由说明的重要性： 请求方式 效果 分析 Could you please open the window? ________ 使用了最委婉的句式 Could you please open the window? It's hot. ________ 给出了________ 核心结论： 一个得体的请求 = ________ + ________。 2.3 中西方请求方式的"文化密码"（15分钟） 中西方请求策略对比（根据老师讲解填写）： 维度 中文习惯 英文习惯 请求方式 直接请求较多 ________ 理由说明 有时省略理由 ________ 感谢回应 关系亲近时较少道谢 ________ 拒绝方式 ________ 先道歉后说明理由 英语请求的"黄金公式"： 黄金公式： ________ + ________ + ________ 例：Could you please help me carry this box? Because it's too heavy for me. ( ) 例题2 以下哪个请求在英语文化中最得体？ A. Give me some water. B. Could you please give me some water? I'm really thirsty. C. Please give me water. D. Can you give me water? 请求场景模拟分析： 场景： 你在图书馆，想请旁边的陌生人帮忙看管一下书包。 不礼貌的表达： Watch my bag. / Hey, watch my bag for me. 得体的表达： _________________________________________________ 分析： 得体的表达包含： ① ________________（引起注意的礼貌用语） ② ________________（最委婉的请求句式） ③ ________________（说明了理由） 2.4 真实场景中的"零信息保留"测试（25分钟） 听力替代训练（教师朗读稿）——"社区跳蚤市场" 听前准备：阅读以下问题，明确信息抓取目标。 Pre-listening Questions： 1. What event did the community hold? ________________ 1. What did the girl want to sell? ________________ 1. What did she ask her mum? ________________ 1. Who helped them carry things? ________________ 1. What did the girl learn? ________________ 听后检查（在横线上写下你的答案）： (1) _________________________________________________ (2) _________________________________________________ (3) _________________________________________________ (4) _________________________________________________ (5) _________________________________________________ 阅读理解——"交换生家庭" 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Last summer, I went to the US as an exchange student. I stayed with the Johnson family. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson were very nice, but I had to learn how to ask for things politely in English. On the first day, I was hungry. In China, I would just say "I'm hungry" and my parents would get me food. But here, I wasn't sure what to say. So I asked, "Mrs. Johnson, could I have something to eat?" She smiled and said, "Of course you can! What would you like?" I learned that in English, asking for things with "Could I...?" is very important. The next day, I wanted to use the computer. I asked, "Mr. Johnson, could I use your computer to email my parents?" "Sure, you can," he said. "It's in the study." One evening, Mrs. Johnson was cooking dinner. She said, "Tom, could you please set the table?" "Sure, no problem!" I said. I was happy to help. Before I left, I gave the Johnsons a gift from China. "Thank you so much for having me. Could you please accept this small gift?" I said. Mrs. Johnson was very touched. "How polite you are!" she said. I learned that politeness is a bridge between different cultures. When you use "could" and "please", people feel respected. ( ) (1) Where did the writer stay in the US? A. In a hotel. B. With the Johnson family. C. In a school. D. With a Chinese friend. ( ) (2) How did the writer ask for food on the first day? A. He said "I'm hungry." B. He said "Could I have something to eat?" C. He said "Give me food." D. He didn't ask anything. ( ) (3) What does the writer think about politeness at the end of the passage? A. It's not very important. B. It's only useful in the US. C. It's a bridge between cultures. D. It's difficult to learn. ( ) (4) Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The writer didn't help with housework. B. The writer gave the Johnsons a gift before leaving. C. Mr. Johnson didn't let the writer use the computer. D. The writer thought American food was strange. 完形填空——"校园义卖活动" 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Last month, our class had a charity sale. We wanted to raise money for a school in a mountain village. Everyone had to bring something to sell. I wanted to sell my old model planes. But I _______ (1) find them because my room was too messy. So I asked my sister, "_______ (2) you please help me tidy my room?" "Sure, I _______ (3)," she said. After we found the model planes, I asked my dad, "Dad, _______ (4) I use your car to take the things to school?" "Sorry, you _______ (5). I need the car for work. But you can take the bus." At school, we set up our stall. A teacher came and asked, "_______ (6) I look at that model plane?" "Of course you _______ (7)," I said. A little boy came and said, "I only have 5 yuan. _______ (8) I buy this book?" "Sure, you can!" I said. He was so happy. At the end of the day, we raised 2,000 yuan! Our teacher said, "You all did a great job. _______ (9) you please help pack up the things?" "Sure!" everyone said. I felt very happy. I learned that helping others makes us feel good. And using polite words like "_______ (10)" and "please" makes everything easier. ( ) (1) A. can B. can't C. could D. couldn't ( ) (2) A. Can B. Could C. Must D. Should ( ) (3) A. could B. can C. must D. need ( ) (4) A. can B. could C. must D. should ( ) (5) A. can B. can't C. could D. couldn't ( ) (6) A. Can B. Could C. Must D. Should ( ) (7) A. could B. can C. must D. need ( ) (8) A. Can B. Could C. Must D. Should ( ) (9) A. Can B. Could C. Must D. Should ( ) (10) A. can B. could C. must D. should 2.5 课堂练习（15分钟） 练习一：语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，用can, can't, could, couldn't填空。 Dear Mum and Dad, How are you? I'm having a great time at the summer camp! Yesterday, we had a cooking class. I wanted to make dumplings, but I _______ (1) make them because I never learned. So I asked my teammate, "_______ (2) you please teach me?" "Sure, I _______ (3)," she said. She was very patient. After the class, I wanted to call you, but my phone was dead. I asked the teacher, "_______ (4) I use your phone to call my parents?" "Of course you _______ (5)," she said. Tomorrow we will go hiking. I _______ (6) wait! I love hiking. I miss you! _______ (7) I call you again tomorrow evening? Yes, you _______ (8). We'll be waiting for your call. Love, Xiao Ming 练习二：补全对话 根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的句子补全对话（有两项多余）。 A: Hi, Tom! Our class is going to visit the old people's home this weekend. _______ (1) B: Sure! I'd love to join. What can I do? A: We will clean the rooms and talk with the old people. _______ (2) B: Of course I can. I can sing "Jasmine Flower"! A: Great! And _______ (3) B: No problem. I have a camera. A: Also, we need to bring some fruits. _______ (4) B: Sorry, I can't. I have to go to my piano lesson on Saturday afternoon. But I can buy them on Friday evening. A: That's fine. _______ (5) B: You're welcome. A. Could you please take some photos? B. Could I go home now? C. Could you please buy them on Saturday afternoon? D. Could you please sing a song for them? E. Could you please join us? F. Thank you for your help! G. Could I use your phone? 2.6 课堂精讲反馈（5分钟） 本节课重点记录： 1. 礼貌层级分析：_________________________________________________ 1. 跨文化交际意识：_________________________________________________ 1. 得体请求的"黄金公式"：_________________________________________________ 模块三 课堂小结（5分钟） 两讲知识体系总图谱（根据老师讲解补充完整）： Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 知识进化体系 │ ┌─────────────┴─────────────┐ │ │ 第1讲 ________ 第2讲 ________ │ │ ┌─────┼─────┐ ┌─────┼─────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ Lv1 Lv2 Lv3 Lv4 Lv5 Lv6 识记 理解 应用 分析 评价 创造 │ │ │ │ │ │ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 区分 规则 请求 层级 文化 场景 分析 对比 运用 今日收获清单（在已完成项前打✓）： □ 能分析不同请求句式的礼貌程度 □ 理解了中西方请求策略的文化差异 □ 能在真实场景中得体地运用请求与回应 □ 掌握了"黄金公式"：Could you please...? + 理由 模块四 课后巩固作业 4.1 基础巩固 一、语篇语法填空（每题1分，共8分） 阅读下面短文，用can, can't, could, couldn't填空。 Dear Grandma, How are you? I miss you so much! Last week, our family moved to a new house. It was a lot of work, but everyone helped. I wanted to help my dad carry the sofa, but I _______ (1) because it was too heavy. So I asked, "Dad, _______ (2) I help you pack the books instead?" "Sure, you _______ (3)," he said. My mom was cleaning the kitchen. She said, "Tom, _______ (4) you please sweep the floor?" "Of course I _______ (5)," I said. When I was five, I _______ (6) only help with small things. But now I _______ (7) do much more! Grandma, _______ (8) I come to visit you this weekend? I miss your cooking! Love, Tom 4.2 能力提升 二、完形填空（每题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Last Sunday was "Family Responsibility Day" in our community. On this day, every family member shares housework and helps each other. I got up early and asked my mom, "Mom, _______ (1) I help make breakfast?" She smiled and said, "Of course you _______ (2). You _______ (3) make the toast and pour the milk." After breakfast, my dad said, "Tom, _______ (4) you please wash the dishes?" "Sure, no problem!" I said. Then I wanted to clean my room, but I _______ (5) find the cleaner. So I asked my sister, "_______ (6) you please help me find the cleaner?" "Sure, I _______ (7)," she said. In the afternoon, our neighbor Mrs. Li came. She is 80 years old and lives alone. She said, "_______ (8) you please help me change a light bulb? I _______ (9) reach it." "Of course I can!" I said. I helped her change the bulb. At the end of the day, my dad said, "I'm proud of you, Tom. You did a great job today!" I felt very happy. I learned that helping others is not difficult. You just need to ask politely and be willing to help. When you say "_______ (10)" and "please", everything becomes easier. ( ) (1) A. can B. could C. must D. should ( ) (2) A. could B. can C. must D. need ( ) (3) A. can B. could C. must D. should ( ) (4) A. can B. could C. must D. should ( ) (5) A. can B. can't C. could D. couldn't ( ) (6) A. Can B. Could C. Must D. Should ( ) (7) A. could B. can C. must D. need ( ) (8) A. Can B. Could C. Must D. Should ( ) (9) A. can B. can't C. could D. couldn't ( ) (10) A. can B. could C. must D. should 三、阅读理解（每题2分，共8分） 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 In many cities, there is a new trend — community shared kitchens. Neighbors can use the kitchen to cook together and share food. But how do people ask to use the kitchen politely? In Green Community, there is a shared kitchen on the first floor. Anyone can use it, but they need to follow some rules. One evening, 14-year-old Lin Tao wanted to make a birthday cake for his mother. He went to the community office and asked, "Excuse me, could I use the shared kitchen tonight?" "Of course you can," said the worker. "But could you please clean up after you finish?" "Sure, I will," Lin Tao said. In the kitchen, Lin Tao met Mrs. Wang, who was making dumplings. "Could you please pass me the flour?" she asked. "Here you are," Lin Tao said. "Thank you! Could you please help me taste one dumpling? I'm not sure if it's salty enough." "Sure!" Lin Tao tried one. "It's perfect!" Later, a new neighbor came. He didn't know how to use the oven. He asked, "Could you please show me how to use this oven?" "Of course," Lin Tao said. "Let me help you." Lin Tao's cake was a big success! His mother was very happy. "Where did you make it?" she asked. "In the community shared kitchen. Everyone there was so kind and helpful!" "That's wonderful," his mother said. "Our community is really like a big family." ( ) (1) What is a "community shared kitchen"? A. A kitchen in a restaurant. B. A kitchen that neighbors can share. C. A kitchen in Lin Tao's home. D. A kitchen in a school. ( ) (2) What did the worker ask Lin Tao to do? A. To pay for using the kitchen. B. To clean up after cooking. C. To bring his own ingredients. D. To come back the next day. ( ) (3) How did Lin Tao feel about the community shared kitchen? A. He thought it was too small. B. He thought people there were kind and helpful. C. He thought it was too crowded. D. He didn't like using it. ( ) (4) What is the best title for the passage? A. How to Make a Birthday Cake B. A Special Kitchen in the Community C. Lin Tao's Birthday Party D. How to Be Polite in the Kitchen 4.3 思维拓展 四、语篇建构（10分） 题目： 假设你是社区志愿者负责人，需要写一封通知，邀请社区居民参加"邻里互助日"（Neighbor Help Day）活动。 要点提示： 1. 时间：下周六上午9:00-12:00；2. 地点：社区活动中心；3. 活动内容：帮助老人打扫卫生、修理家电、陪聊天；4. 需要志愿者带工具（如扫帚、螺丝刀等）。 要求： 80词左右；使用can/could表达请求和许可，至少使用4次；语气礼貌得体。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第2讲 请求与许可的"语用智慧" 教学时长：120分钟（2课时） | 授课对象：八年级学生 | 课型：语用文化课 核心问题链：如何在真实社交场景中选择恰当的礼貌程度？→ 中西方请求方式的差异是什么？→ 如何创造性地在复杂情境中运用请求与回应？ 模块一 课前诊断（10分钟） 1.1 语篇填空（5分钟） 阅读短文，根据语境填入恰当的can/can't/could/couldn't。 Dear Diary, Today was moving day! We moved to our new house. I wanted to help my parents, but I _______ (1) carry the heavy boxes. So I asked my dad, "Dad, _______ (2) I help you pack the books?" He smiled and said, "Sure, you _______ (3)." Then my mom said, "Tom, _______ (4) you please clean your new room?" "Of course I _______ (5)," I said. When I was cleaning, I found my old toy car. I _______ (6) play with it when I was five. But now it is broken. I asked my mom, "Mom, _______ (7) you please fix it for me?" She said, "Sorry, I _______ (8). But your dad can help." Later, our neighbor came. She said, "Welcome to the neighborhood! _______ (9) I help you with anything?" "That's very kind of you!" my mom said. I love our new home! 答案： (1) couldn't (2) could (3) can (4) could (5) can (6) could (7) could (8) can't (9) Can 详细解析： (1) "我搬不动重箱子"——表示过去的能力不足（当时尝试了但不行），用couldn't。 (2) 孩子向爸爸请求许可，用Could I...?委婉礼貌。 (3) 肯定回答请求许可用can。 (4) 妈妈向Tom提出请求，用Could you please...?是礼貌表达。 (5) 肯定回答请求用can。 (6) "我五岁时能玩它"——过去的能力，用could。 (7) 请求妈妈帮忙修玩具，用Could you please...?礼貌。 (8) 妈妈表示自己不会修，用can't。 (9) 邻居主动提供帮助，用Can I...?日常礼貌表达。 1.2 语篇分析（5分钟） 阅读以下两段对话，分析哪一段更礼貌，并说明理由。 对话A： A: Open the door. B: OK. 对话B： A: Could you please open the door? It's a little hot in here. B: Sure, no problem. 答案：对话B更礼貌。 分析维度： 维度 对话A 对话B 请求方式 祈使句（命令式） Could you please...?（委婉请求） 礼貌程度 低——直接命令 高——委婉请求 是否说明理由 否——没有解释原因 是——说明了"It's a little hot" 答语 OK（简单） Sure, no problem（积极肯定） 总结 听起来像命令，不够礼貌 给出理由+礼貌请求，更得体 模块二 课堂精讲（80分钟） 2.1 从"语法规则"到"交际智慧"（5分钟） 上节课我们学习了can/could的语法规则——知道怎么用、什么时候用。但真正的语言能力不是"说对句子"，而是"说对话语"。今天我们要完成一次认知跃迁：从"语法正确"升级到"交际得体"。 核心命题： Level 1-3（第1讲）：知道"请求与许可怎么表达"。 Level 4-6（第2讲）：知道"为什么这样更礼貌"、"好在哪"、"怎么在不同文化中得体地运用"。 2.2 请求的"礼貌层级"分析（15分钟） 礼貌层级阶梯： 礼貌程度低 │ │ 第1级：祈使句（命令）→ Open the window. │ 第2级：Please + 祈使句 → Please open the window. │ 第3级：Can you...? → Can you open the window? │ 第4级：Can you please...? → Can you please open the window? │ 第5级：Could you...? → Could you open the window? │ 第6级：Could you please...? + 理由 → Could you please open the window? It's hot. │ 礼貌程度高 核心规律： 礼貌程度 = 间接程度 + 理由说明 + 语气词（please） 语篇分析： 阅读以下请求，将它们按礼貌程度从低到高排列，并说明理由。 A. Pass me the salt. B. Could you please pass me the salt? C. Can you pass me the salt? D. Please pass me the salt. 答案：A → D → C → B 解析：A是祈使句（命令），礼貌最低。D加了please，比祈使句礼貌。C用Can you...?是疑问句形式，比祈使句礼貌。B用Could you please...?是最礼貌的表达。 ( ) 例题1 以下哪个请求最不礼貌？ A. Could you please help me? B. Can you help me? C. Help me. D. Can you please help me? 答案：C 解析：C是祈使句（命令语气），没有please，也没有疑问句形式，是最不礼貌的表达。A是最礼貌的（Could + please），B和D介于中间。 理由说明的重要性： 请求方式 效果 分析 Could you please open the window? 礼貌 使用了最委婉的句式 Could you please open the window? It's hot. 非常礼貌+得体 给出了理由，对方更容易接受 核心结论： 一个得体的请求 = 礼貌句式（Could you please...?）+ 理由说明。 2.3 中西方请求方式的"文化密码"（15分钟） 中西方请求策略对比： 维度 中文习惯 英文习惯 请求方式 直接请求较多，关系亲近时更直接 间接请求为主，注重"面子" 理由说明 有时省略理由 通常附带理由，使请求更合理 感谢回应 关系亲近时较少道谢 即使小事也常道谢 拒绝方式 委婉含蓄 先道歉后说明理由 英语请求的"黄金公式"： 黄金公式： Could you please + 动词原形 + ...? + （Because/理由） 例：Could you please help me carry this box? Because it's too heavy for me. ( ) 例题2 以下哪个请求在英语文化中最得体？ A. Give me some water. B. Could you please give me some water? I'm really thirsty. C. Please give me water. D. Can you give me water? 答案：B 解析：B使用了最委婉的句式（Could you please），并且说明了理由（I'm really thirsty），在英语文化中最得体。A是祈使句不礼貌，C和D虽然有一定礼貌但不如B得体。 请求场景模拟分析： 场景： 你在图书馆，想请旁边的陌生人帮忙看管一下书包。 不礼貌的表达： Watch my bag. / Hey, watch my bag for me. 得体的表达： Excuse me, could you please keep an eye on my bag? I need to go to the restroom. 分析： 得体的表达包含：①Excuse me（引起注意的礼貌用语）；②Could you please...?（最委婉的请求句式）；③说明了理由（I need to go to the restroom）。三者缺一不可。 2.4 真实场景中的"零信息保留"测试（25分钟） 听力替代训练（教师朗读稿）——"社区跳蚤市场" 教学说明： 先让学生阅读Pre-listening Questions，明确信息抓取目标。教师朗读两遍，学生完成信息记录。 Pre-listening Questions： 1. What event did the community hold? 1. What did the girl want to sell? 1. What did she ask her mum? 1. Who helped them carry things? 1. What did the girl learn? 教师朗读稿： Last Saturday, our community held a flea market. Families could sell old things they didn't need anymore. I wanted to sell my old storybooks. I asked my mum, "Mum, could I sell my old books at the flea market?" She said, "Of course you can. But could you please clean your room first and pick out the books you want to sell?" I cleaned my room and found 15 old books. Then I asked, "Mum, could you please help me carry these books to the market?" "Sorry, I can't right now. I'm cooking. Could you ask your dad for help?" she said. So I went to my dad. "Dad, could you please help me carry these books?" "Sure, no problem!" he said. At the market, a little boy came to my stall. He asked, "Could I look at this book?" "Sure, you can," I said. He liked it and bought it. I learned that being polite can really help. When you ask nicely, people are happy to help you! Post-listening Check： (1) What event did the community hold? 答案：A flea market（跳蚤市场）。 解析：原文第一句"our community held a flea market"。 (2) What did the girl want to sell? 答案：Her old storybooks. 解析：原文"I wanted to sell my old storybooks"。 (3) What did she ask her mum? 答案：She asked if she could sell her old books. / She asked her mum to help carry the books. 解析：原文两次请求：第一次请求许可（"Could I sell my old books?"），第二次请求帮忙（"Could you please help me carry these books?"）。 (4) Who helped them carry things? 答案：Her dad. 解析：原文"Dad, could you please help me carry these books?" → "Sure, no problem!" (5) What did the girl learn? 答案：Being polite can really help. / When you ask nicely, people are happy to help you. 解析：原文最后一句点明主旨。 阅读理解——"交换生家庭"（原创题） 素材来源： 自编题，素材基于2026年中美青少年文化交流项目——中国学生到美国家庭寄宿。 Last summer, I went to the US as an exchange student. I stayed with the Johnson family. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson were very nice, but I had to learn how to ask for things politely in English. On the first day, I was hungry. In China, I would just say "I'm hungry" and my parents would get me food. But here, I wasn't sure what to say. So I asked, "Mrs. Johnson, could I have something to eat?" She smiled and said, "Of course you can! What would you like?" I learned that in English, asking for things with "Could I...?" is very important. The next day, I wanted to use the computer. I asked, "Mr. Johnson, could I use your computer to email my parents?" "Sure, you can," he said. "It's in the study." One evening, Mrs. Johnson was cooking dinner. She said, "Tom, could you please set the table?" "Sure, no problem!" I said. I was happy to help. Before I left, I gave the Johnsons a gift from China. "Thank you so much for having me. Could you please accept this small gift?" I said. Mrs. Johnson was very touched. "How polite you are!" she said. I learned that politeness is a bridge between different cultures. When you use "could" and "please", people feel respected. ( ) (1) Where did the writer stay in the US? A. In a hotel. B. With the Johnson family. C. In a school. D. With a Chinese friend. 答案：B 解析：原文"I stayed with the Johnson family"。 ( ) (2) How did the writer ask for food on the first day? A. He said "I'm hungry." B. He said "Could I have something to eat?" C. He said "Give me food." D. He didn't ask anything. 答案：B 解析：原文"I asked, 'Mrs. Johnson, could I have something to eat?'" ( ) (3) What does the writer think about politeness at the end of the passage? A. It's not very important. B. It's only useful in the US. C. It's a bridge between cultures. D. It's difficult to learn. 答案：C 解析：原文"I learned that politeness is a bridge between different cultures"。 ( ) (4) Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The writer didn't help with housework. B. The writer gave the Johnsons a gift before leaving. C. Mr. Johnson didn't let the writer use the computer. D. The writer thought American food was strange. 答案：B 解析：A错——原文"Tom, could you please set the table?"说明作者帮忙了；B正确——原文"I gave the Johnsons a gift"；C错——原文"Sure, you can"说明允许了；D错——文中未提及。 完形填空——"校园义卖活动"（原创题） 素材来源： 自编题，素材基于2026年学校"爱心义卖"活动。 Last month, our class had a charity sale. We wanted to raise money for a school in a mountain village. Everyone had to bring something to sell. I wanted to sell my old model planes. But I _______ (1) find them because my room was too messy. So I asked my sister, "_______ (2) you please help me tidy my room?" "Sure, I _______ (3)," she said. After we found the model planes, I asked my dad, "Dad, _______ (4) I use your car to take the things to school?" "Sorry, you _______ (5). I need the car for work. But you can take the bus." At school, we set up our stall. A teacher came and asked, "_______ (6) I look at that model plane?" "Of course you _______ (7)," I said. A little boy came and said, "I only have 5 yuan. _______ (8) I buy this book?" "Sure, you can!" I said. He was so happy. At the end of the day, we raised 2,000 yuan! Our teacher said, "You all did a great job. _______ (9) you please help pack up the things?" "Sure!" everyone said. I felt very happy. I learned that helping others makes us feel good. And using polite words like "_______ (10)" and "please" makes everything easier. ( ) (1) A. can B. can't C. could D. couldn't ( ) (2) A. Can B. Could C. Must D. Should ( ) (3) A. could B. can C. must D. need ( ) (4) A. can B. could C. must D. should ( ) (5) A. can B. can't C. could D. couldn't ( ) (6) A. Can B. Could C. Must D. Should ( ) (7) A. could B. can C. must D. need ( ) (8) A. Can B. Could C. Must D. Should ( ) (9) A. Can B. Could C. Must D. Should ( ) (10) A. can B. could C. must D. should 答案：(1) D (2) B (3) B (4) B (5) B (6) B (7) B (8) A (9) B (10) B 详细解析： (1) "我找不到它们"——过去的能力不足，用couldn't。 (2) 请求妹妹帮忙，用Could you please...?委婉礼貌。 (3) 肯定回答请求用can。 (4) 请求爸爸允许用车，用Could I...?委婉礼貌。 (5) 爸爸拒绝请求，用can't。 (6) 老师请求看模型飞机，用Could I...?委婉礼貌。 (7) 肯定回答请求许可用can。 (8) 小男孩询问能否买书，日常询问用Can I...?即可。 (9) 老师请学生帮忙收拾，用Could you please...?礼貌。 (10) 总结时提到礼貌用语"could"和"please"。 2.5 课堂练习（15分钟） 练习一：语篇语法填空（5分） 阅读下面短文，用can, can't, could, couldn't填空。 Dear Mum and Dad, How are you? I'm having a great time at the summer camp! Yesterday, we had a cooking class. I wanted to make dumplings, but I _______ (1) make them because I never learned. So I asked my teammate, "_______ (2) you please teach me?" "Sure, I _______ (3)," she said. She was very patient. After the class, I wanted to call you, but my phone was dead. I asked the teacher, "_______ (4) I use your phone to call my parents?" "Of course you _______ (5)," she said. Tomorrow we will go hiking. I _______ (6) wait! I love hiking. I miss you! _______ (7) I call you again tomorrow evening? Yes, you _______ (8). We'll be waiting for your call. Love, Xiao Ming 答案：(1) couldn't (2) Could (3) can (4) Could (5) can (6) can't (7) Can (8) can 详细解析： (1) "我过去不会做"——过去的能力不足，用couldn't。 (2) 请求队友教自己，用Could you please...?礼貌。 (3) 肯定回答请求用can。 (4) 请求老师允许用电话，用Could I...?委婉。 (5) 肯定回答请求许可用can。 (6) "我等不及了"——固定表达can't wait。 (7) 询问是否可以再打电话，日常询问用Can I...?。 (8) 肯定回答请求许可用can。 练习二：补全对话（原创题，5分） 根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的句子补全对话（有两项多余）。 A: Hi, Tom! Our class is going to visit the old people's home this weekend. _______ (1) B: Sure! I'd love to join. What can I do? A: We will clean the rooms and talk with the old people. _______ (2) B: Of course I can. I can sing "Jasmine Flower"! A: Great! And _______ (3) B: No problem. I have a camera. A: Also, we need to bring some fruits. _______ (4) B: Sorry, I can't. I have to go to my piano lesson on Saturday afternoon. But I can buy them on Friday evening. A: That's fine. _______ (5) B: You're welcome. A. Could you please take some photos? B. Could I go home now? C. Could you please buy them on Saturday afternoon? D. Could you please sing a song for them? E. Could you please join us? F. Thank you for your help! G. Could I use your phone? 答案：(1) E (2) D (3) A (4) C (5) F 详细解析： (1) 邀请对方参加活动，用Could you please join us?。 (2) 根据答语"Of course I can. I can sing!"可知上句是请求唱歌。 (3) 根据答语"No problem. I have a camera"可知上句是请求拍照。 (4) 根据答语"Sorry, I can't. I have to go to my piano lesson on Saturday afternoon"可知上句是请求周六下午买东西。 (5) 对话结尾表示感谢。 2.6 课堂精讲反馈（5分钟） 重点讲解内容： 1. 礼貌层级分析： 祈使句 < Please+祈使句 < Can you...? < Can you please...? < Could you...? < Could you please...? + 理由。 1. 跨文化交际意识： 英语文化中请求需要附带理由，拒绝需要先道歉后说明原因。 1. 得体请求的"黄金公式"： Could you please + 动词原形 + ...? + 理由。 Level 4-6 认知跃迁总结： 认知层级 能力描述 本节课对应内容 Level 4 分析 分析请求的礼貌层级 礼貌阶梯分析、请求句式对比 Level 5 评价 评价跨文化请求策略 中西方请求方式对比 Level 6 创造 在真实场景中得体运用 零信息保留测试（跳蚤市场、交换生、义卖活动） 模块三 课堂小结（5分钟） 两讲知识体系总图谱： Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 知识进化体系 同一个知识点 · 六层认知深度递进 │ ┌─────────────┴─────────────┐ │ │ 第1讲 语法基因 第2讲 语用智慧 │ │ ┌─────┼─────┐ ┌─────┼─────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ Lv1 Lv2 Lv3 Lv4 Lv5 Lv6 识记 理解 应用 分析 评价 创造 │ │ │ │ │ │ 三种 答语 否定 礼貌 跨文 真实 功能 规则 请求 层级 化 场景 区分 记忆 结构 分析 对比 运用 教师结语： 经过两讲的学习，你在"情态动词can/could表请求与许可"这个知识点上完成了六层认知深度递进。从"知道can/could怎么用"到"能在不同文化场景中得体地请求和回应"——这就是知识进化的本质。 今日收获清单： 1. 能分析不同请求句式的礼貌程度。 1. 理解了中西方请求策略的文化差异。 1. 能在真实场景中得体地运用请求与回应。 1. 掌握了"黄金公式"：Could you please...? + 理由。 下讲预告： 下节课我们将进入Unit 3 Same or Different?学习形容词/副词的比较级。 模块四 课后巩固作业（30分钟量） 4.1 基础巩固（8分钟） 一、语篇语法填空（每题1分，共8分） 阅读下面短文，用can, can't, could, couldn't填空。 Dear Grandma, How are you? I miss you so much! Last week, our family moved to a new house. It was a lot of work, but everyone helped. I wanted to help my dad carry the sofa, but I _______ (1) because it was too heavy. So I asked, "Dad, _______ (2) I help you pack the books instead?" "Sure, you _______ (3)," he said. My mom was cleaning the kitchen. She said, "Tom, _______ (4) you please sweep the floor?" "Of course I _______ (5)," I said. When I was five, I _______ (6) only help with small things. But now I _______ (7) do much more! Grandma, _______ (8) I come to visit you this weekend? I miss your cooking! Love, Tom 答案：(1) couldn't (2) could (3) can (4) could (5) can (6) could (7) can (8) could 详细解析： (1) "我搬不动"——过去尝试但不行，用couldn't。 (2) 请求爸爸允许帮忙，用Could I...?委婉。 (3) 肯定回答请求许可用can。 (4) 妈妈提出请求，用Could you please...?礼貌。 (5) 肯定回答请求用can。 (6) "我五岁时只能帮忙做小事"——过去的能力，用could。 (7) "现在我能做更多"——现在的能力，用can。 (8) 询问周末能否去拜访，用Could I...?委婉礼貌。 4.2 能力提升（12分钟） 二、完形填空（原创题，每题1分，共10分） 素材来源： 自编题，素材基于2026年青少年"家庭责任日"活动。 Last Sunday was "Family Responsibility Day" in our community. On this day, every family member shares housework and helps each other. I got up early and asked my mom, "Mom, _______ (1) I help make breakfast?" She smiled and said, "Of course you _______ (2). You _______ (3) make the toast and pour the milk." After breakfast, my dad said, "Tom, _______ (4) you please wash the dishes?" "Sure, no problem!" I said. Then I wanted to clean my room, but I _______ (5) find the cleaner. So I asked my sister, "_______ (6) you please help me find the cleaner?" "Sure, I _______ (7)," she said. In the afternoon, our neighbor Mrs. Li came. She is 80 years old and lives alone. She said, "_______ (8) you please help me change a light bulb? I _______ (9) reach it." "Of course I can!" I said. I helped her change the bulb. At the end of the day, my dad said, "I'm proud of you, Tom. You did a great job today!" I felt very happy. I learned that helping others is not difficult. You just need to ask politely and be willing to help. When you say "_______ (10)" and "please", everything becomes easier. ( ) (1) A. can B. could C. must D. should ( ) (2) A. could B. can C. must D. need ( ) (3) A. can B. could C. must D. should ( ) (4) A. can B. could C. must D. should ( ) (5) A. can B. can't C. could D. couldn't ( ) (6) A. Can B. Could C. Must D. Should ( ) (7) A. could B. can C. must D. need ( ) (8) A. Can B. Could C. Must D. Should ( ) (9) A. can B. can't C. could D. couldn't ( ) (10) A. can B. could C. must D. should 答案：(1) B (2) B (3) A (4) B (5) D (6) B (7) B (8) B (9) B (10) B 详细解析： (1) 孩子向妈妈请求许可帮忙，用Could I...?委婉礼貌。 (2) 肯定回答请求许可用can。 (3) "你能做"——表示能力，用can。 (4) 爸爸提出请求，用Could you please...?礼貌。 (5) "我找不到"——过去尝试但不行，用couldn't。 (6) 请求妹妹帮忙，用Could you please...?礼貌。 (7) 肯定回答请求用can。 (8) 邻居请求帮忙，用Could you please...?最礼貌。 (9) "我够不到"——现在的能力不足，用can't。 (10) 总结时提到礼貌用语"could"和"please"。 三、阅读理解（原创题，每题2分，共8分） 素材来源： 自编题，素材基于2026年"社区共享厨房"项目。 In many cities, there is a new trend — community shared kitchens. Neighbors can use the kitchen to cook together and share food. But how do people ask to use the kitchen politely? In Green Community, there is a shared kitchen on the first floor. Anyone can use it, but they need to follow some rules. One evening, 14-year-old Lin Tao wanted to make a birthday cake for his mother. He went to the community office and asked, "Excuse me, could I use the shared kitchen tonight?" "Of course you can," said the worker. "But could you please clean up after you finish?" "Sure, I will," Lin Tao said. In the kitchen, Lin Tao met Mrs. Wang, who was making dumplings. "Could you please pass me the flour?" she asked. "Here you are," Lin Tao said. "Thank you! Could you please help me taste one dumpling? I'm not sure if it's salty enough." "Sure!" Lin Tao tried one. "It's perfect!" Later, a new neighbor came. He didn't know how to use the oven. He asked, "Could you please show me how to use this oven?" "Of course," Lin Tao said. "Let me help you." Lin Tao's cake was a big success! His mother was very happy. "Where did you make it?" she asked. "In the community shared kitchen. Everyone there was so kind and helpful!" "That's wonderful," his mother said. "Our community is really like a big family." ( ) (1) What is a "community shared kitchen"? A. A kitchen in a restaurant. B. A kitchen that neighbors can share. C. A kitchen in Lin Tao's home. D. A kitchen in a school. 答案：B 解析：原文"Neighbors can use the kitchen to cook together"说明是邻居们可以共享的厨房。 ( ) (2) What did the worker ask Lin Tao to do? A. To pay for using the kitchen. B. To clean up after cooking. C. To bring his own ingredients. D. To come back the next day. 答案：B 解析：原文"Could you please clean up after you finish?"说明工作人员要求他做完后清理。 ( ) (3) How did Lin Tao feel about the community shared kitchen? A. He thought it was too small. B. He thought people there were kind and helpful. C. He thought it was too crowded. D. He didn't like using it. 答案：B 解析：原文"Everyone there was so kind and helpful!"说明他觉得那里的人都很好。 ( ) (4) What is the best title for the passage? A. How to Make a Birthday Cake B. A Special Kitchen in the Community C. Lin Tao's Birthday Party D. How to Be Polite in the Kitchen 答案：B 解析：全文围绕社区共享厨房展开，B选项最全面。A太窄（只是其中一件事），C不准确（不是生日派对），D太泛。 4.3 思维拓展（10分钟） 四、语篇建构（10分） 题目： 假设你是社区志愿者负责人，需要写一封通知，邀请社区居民参加"邻里互助日"（Neighbor Help Day）活动。 要点提示： 1. 时间：下周六上午9:00-12:00；2. 地点：社区活动中心；3. 活动内容：帮助老人打扫卫生、修理家电、陪聊天；4. 需要志愿者带工具（如扫帚、螺丝刀等）。 要求： 80词左右；使用can/could表达请求和许可，至少使用4次；语气礼貌得体。 参考范文： Neighbor Help Day — Let's Make Our Community Warmer! Dear neighbors, We will have a "Neighbor Help Day" next Saturday from 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 a.m. at the Community Center. We need volunteers to help elderly people clean their houses, fix small things, and chat with them. Could you please join us? If you have tools like brooms or screwdrivers, could you please bring them? Can I join if I don't have tools? Of course you can! Just bring your warm heart. If you have any questions, could you please call me at 123-4567? Let's work together to make our community a warmer home! Yours, Li Hua Community Volunteer Leader 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $