Unit3语法(现在完成时for/since)讲解与练习 -2026-2027学年仁爱科普版英语九年级上册预习

该初中英语导学案聚焦现在完成时语法，核心讲解其连接过去与现在的定义，突出持续意义及for/since等标志词用法，通过对比一般过去时搭建学习支架，衔接已学知识，助力学生理解时态逻辑。 资料亮点在于中考高频考点精讲，含for/since互换公式、瞬间动词转延续性动词对照表及典型正误对比，配套分层练习提升语言运用能力，培养学生对比分析的思维品质与自主学习能力，高效辅助语法教学。

Unit3 Our Colorful School Life语法讲解与练习 现在完成时详细讲解 一、现在完成时 核心定义 现在完成时是连接过去与现在的时态,不强调动作发生的具体时间,只突出两个核心意义： 1.完成意义：过去发生的动作，已经完成，对现在造成影响； 2.持续意义：过去开始的动作/状态，一直持续到现在（本单元重点）。 I have studied in this school for three years. 我已经在这所学校就读三年了。 （动作从过去开始，持续至今） 二、现在完成时 常见标志词 already（已经）、yet（还）、just（刚刚）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、before（以前）、for +时间段、since +时间点/从句 三、for / since详细精讲（中考高频考点） 过去开始的动作/状态，一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。只有延续性动词可以搭配时间段；瞬间动词绝对不能和 for / since / how long连用,需要把瞬间动词变成持续性动词才能使用。 口诀：段时间、要延续；瞬间动作不能延。 (一). for + 一段时间（时间段） 时间段：描述“持续多久”，无具体起止年月日 常见：for 3 days/for two years/for a week/ for a long time/for half an hour I have studied in this school for three years. 释义：我在这所学校读书已经三年了（过去入学→持续至今） *必考提问:对for+时间段提问用How long — How long have you studied here? — For three years. (二). since用法详解 1. 用法一：since +具体时间点 since 2018 / since last year / since yesterday / since last term 例句：He has lived here since 2020. 自从2020年他就住在这里。 2. 用法二：since +一般过去时从句（超级高频） 主句：现在完成时 + since +一般过去时 例句：I have made many friends since I came to this school. 自从我来到这所学校，我交到了很多朋友。 3. 用法三：since + 时间段 + ago since three years ago = for three years I have learned English since five years ago. 四、for / since 互换公式（中考句型转换必考） since +时间点；since +从句； since + 时间段 ago = for +时间段 例1：He has been here since 2019. = He has been here for 6 years. 例2：I have kept the book since last week. = I have kept the book for a week. 五、「瞬间动词 → 延续性动词」对照表 关键规则：for+时间段；since+过去时间, 表持续时间段，必须用延续性动词，瞬间动词不能与for/since连用，必须换成相对应的持续性动词: 1. 物品、购买、借阅类 buy（买入）→ have（拥有） borrow（借入）→ keep（保管） lend（借出）→ keep（持有） 2. 来去、到达、位置类 come / arrive / reach（到达）→ be in / be at +地点 go to（去往）→ be in / be at +地点 leave（离开）→ be away (from) return / come back（返回） → be back 3. 开始、结束、开闭类 begin / start（开始）→ be on finish / end / stop（结束）→ be over open（打开） → be open close（关闭） → be closed 4. 加入、成为、社团类 join（加入团体）→ be in + 团体/ be a member of +团体 join the army/ league → be in the army/ league 5. 健康、状态变化类 die（死亡）→ be dead fall ill（生病 → be ill fall asleep（入睡）→ be asleep get up（起床）→ be up catch a cold（感冒）→ have a cold 6. 婚姻、认识、变化类 Marry/get married（结婚）→ be married get to know（认识）→ know become（变成）→ be 7. 动作穿戴类 put on（穿上） → wear / be on take off（脱下） → be off 六、典型正误对比 ❌ He has left for two days.（leave 瞬间，不能延续） ✅ He has been away for two days. ❌ I have bought this bike since 2021. ✅ I have had this bike since 2021. ❌ The movie has begun for ten minutes. ✅ The movie has been on for ten minutes. 七、现在完成时 vs 一般过去时（易混辨析） 1. 现在完成时：不强调具体过去时间，侧重对现在的影响/持续到现在，可搭配for/since 2. 一般过去时：强调过去具体时间（yesterday, last year, just now），和现在无关，不能搭配for/since表持续 例句对比： I studied English last year. （去年学过英语，现在不学了，纯过去动作） I have studied English for three years. （学英语持续三年，现在还在学） 【专项配套练习】 一、用所给词的正确形式填空 1. I __________ (live) in this town since I was born. 2. She __________ (learn) English for six years. 3. They __________ (be) friends since 2018. 4. My brother __________ (join) the football team for one year. 5. I __________ (keep) this novel for two weeks. 6. The film __________ (be) on for twenty minutes. 7. He __________ (not leave) his hometown since he was young. 8. We __________ (finish) all our homework already. 9. My mother __________ (work) in this factory for ten years. 10. The shop __________ (be) open since last Monday. 11. I __________ (know) him since I entered Grade Seven. 12. She __________ (have) this toy bear for five years. 13. They __________ (be) away for three days. 14. The meeting __________ (be) over for an hour. 15. He __________ (catch) a cold for several days. 16. My uncle __________ (be) in Beijing since last spring. 17. We __________ (take) many interesting school activities since last term. 18. She __________ (not eat) anything since this morning. 19. I __________ (study) math for nine years. 20. The old man __________ (be) dead for two years. 21. They __________ (marry) to each other for fifteen years. 22. They __________ (come) back for three hours. 23. I __________ (not see) my cousin since last summer. 24. Our teacher __________ (teach) us for three years. 25. The students __________ (be) asleep for half an hour. 二、单项选择 1. He has lived here ______ 2017. A. for B. since C. in D. at 2. She has practiced dancing ______ four years. A. since B. for C. when D. while 3. —How long have you ______ the dictionary? —For a month. A. borrowed B. kept C. bought D. lent 4. The factory ______ for ten years. A. has opened B. opened C. has been open D. opens 5. He ______ the army since 2022. A. has joined B. joined C. has been in D. joins 6. I have known her ______ a long time. A. since B. for C. yet D. just 7. —______ have you studied in this school? —Since 2019. A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. How far 8. My father ______ home for two days. A. has left B. left C. has been away from D. leaves 9. They have been good friends ______ they were children. A. since B. for C. until D. before 10. The football match ______ for 15 minutes. A. has begun B. began C. has been on D. begins 11. She ______ this pen for two months. A. has bought B. bought C. has had D. buys 12. We have learned English ______ five years ago. A. for B. since C. in D. on 13. His grandpa ______ for three years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. dies 14. I haven’t watched TV ______ last weekend. A. for B. since C. at D. in 15. Which sentence is correct? A. He has left for 3 days. B. The movie has been on for 10 minutes. C. I have borrowed the book for a week. D. She has joined the club for two years. 三、汉译英 1. 自从我上初中以来，我的校园生活变得丰富多彩。 ___________________________________________________ 2. 我已经在这个班级学习三年了。 ___________________________________________________ 3. 这本书我已经保存两周了。 ___________________________________________________ 4. 这场比赛已经开始二十分钟了。 ___________________________________________________ 5. 他离开家乡已经五年了。 ___________________________________________________ 6. 我的老师从教已经十年了。 ___________________________________________________ 7. 自从去年夏天，我就没有见过我的老朋友。 ___________________________________________________ 8. 她成为社团成员已经一年了。 ___________________________________________________ 9. 这家书店开业已经十年了。 ___________________________________________________ 10. 我们互相认识已经六年了。 ___________________________________________________ Keys 一、用所给词正确形式填空 1. have lived 2. has learned 3. have been 4. has been a member of 5. have kept 6. has been on 7. hasn’t left 8. have finished 9. has worked 10. has been open 11. have known 12. has had 13. have been away 14. has been over 15. has had 16. has been 17. have taken 18. hasn’t eaten 19. have studied 20. has been dead 21. have been married 22. have been back 23. haven’t seen 24. has taught 25. have been asleep 二、单项选择 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.B 三、汉译英 1. My school life has become colorful since I entered junior high school. 2. I have studied in this class for three years. 3. I have kept this book for two weeks. 4. The match has been on for twenty minutes. 5. He has been away from his hometown for five years. 6. My teacher has taught for ten years. 7. I haven’t seen my old friends since last summer. 8. She has been a member of the club for one year. 9. This bookstore has been open for ten years. 10. We have known each other for six years. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $