2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上册同步语法讲解（一般现在时）

一般现在时 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、一般现在时的意义 1 二、一般现在时的构成 2 三、含有系动词 be 的一般现在时 2 1. 肯定式 2 2. 否定式 2 3. 一般疑问式及简略回答 2 4. 系动词 be 的缩略形式 3 四、含有实义动词的一般现在时 3 1. 主语不是第三人称单数（I / You / We / They / 复数名词） 3 2. 主语是第三人称单数（He / She / It / 单数名词） 3 五、分层练习题（共30题） 4 基础层（第1-10题） 4 进阶层（第11-20题） 5 挑战层（第21-30题） 6 一、一般现在时的意义 一般现在时是英语中最基础的时态，主要用于以下三种情况： 用法用法 说明 示例 1. 表示现在的状态 说明当前的身份、特征、位置、情绪等 I am a student. / She is happy. / The book is on the desk. 2. 表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作 常与 always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day 等频率副词连用 I get up at 6:00 every day. / He often plays basketball. 3. 表示主语具备的性格、能力等 说明某人的性格特点、能力、爱好等 She speaks English well. / They like music. / He can swim（但情态动词另讲）. 实际上也包含客观事实，如 The sun rises in the east.（可并入能力/特征类） 💡 简记：一般现在时 = 现在的状态 + 习惯动作 + 性格能力。 二、一般现在时的构成（总框架） 一般现在时的谓语动词分为两种情况： 类型 构成特点 例句 系动词 be 型 主语 + am / is / are + 表语（名词/形容词等） I am happy. / He is a student. 实义动词型 主语 + 实义动词原形/三单形式 + 宾语/状语 I like apples. / She likes music. ⚠️ 核心区别：含有 be 动词的句子变否定/疑问时直接在 be 后加 not 或将 be 提前；含有实义动词的句子变否定/疑问时需要借助助动词 do / does。 三、含有系动词 be 的一般现在时 1. 肯定式 主语 系动词 示例 I am I am a student. He / She / It / 单数名词 is She is happy. / The cat is cute. We / You / They / 复数名词 are They are teachers. / We are friends. 2. 否定式 结构：主语 + am / is / are + not + ... 主语 否定缩写 示例 I I'm not I am not a doctor. He / She / It isn't She isn't at home. We / You / They aren't They aren't students. ⚠️ am not 没有缩写形式，只有 I'm not。 3. 一般疑问式及简略回答 结构：Am / Is / Are + 主语 + ...？ 疑问 肯定回答 否定回答 Am I ...? Yes, you are. No, you aren't. Is he / she / it ...? Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it isn't. Are you / we / they ...? Yes, we/you/they are. No, we/you/they aren't. 4. 系动词 be 的缩略形式 肯定式缩写 例词 否定式缩写 例词 I'm = I am I'm a girl. I'm not I'm not tall. You're = You are You're right. aren't = are not You aren't right. He's = He is He's my dad. isn't = is not He isn't my dad. She's = She is She's nice. isn't = is not She isn't nice. It's = It is It's a cat. isn't = is not It isn't a cat. We're = We are We're happy. aren't = are not We aren't happy. They're = They are They're friends. aren't = are not They aren't friends. ⚠️ 区分：it's = it is（它是）；its = 它的（物主代词）。 四、含有实义动词的一般现在时 1. 主语不是第三人称单数（I / You / We / They / 复数名词） 句式 结构 示例 肯定式 主语 + 动词原形 + ... I like apples. / They play football. 否定式 主语 + don't + 动词原形 + ... I don't like apples. / They don't play football. 疑问式 Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...？ Do you like apples? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + do. Yes, I do. 否定回答 No, 主语 + don't. No, we don't. 2. 主语是第三人称单数（He / She / It / 单数名词） （1）谓语动词的变化规则（核心考点） 情况 变化规则 例词 一般情况 加 -s play→plays, like→likes, run→runs 以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾 加 -es miss→misses, fix→fixes, watch→watches, wash→washes, go→goes, do→does 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 -es study→studies, fly→flies, cry→cries 以“元音字母+y”结尾 直接加 -s play→plays, say→says, buy→buys 特殊情况（have） 变为 has I have → He has （2）句式结构 句式 结构 示例 肯定式 主语(三单) + 动词三单形式 + ... She likes music. / He goes to school. 否定式 主语(三单) + doesn't + 动词原形 + ... She doesn't like music. / He doesn't go to school. 疑问式 Does + 主语(三单) + 动词原形 + ...？ Does she like music? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + does. Yes, she does. 否定回答 No, 主语 + doesn't. No, she doesn't. ⚠️ 核心法则：在否定句和疑问句中，动词必须变回原形。（do/does 已经体现了三单，后面的动词不能再加-s！） 五、分层练习题（共30题） 🔰 基础层（第1-10题）——考查 be 动词搭配、缩略形式及实义动词三单加-s 1. I ________ a middle school student. My sister ________ a teacher. A. am; is B. is; am C. are; is D. am; are 2. My father ________ a doctor. He ________ in a hospital. A. is; work B. is; works C. are; work D. are; works 3. She ________ like eggs for breakfast. A. don't B. doesn't C. isn't D. aren't 4. —________ your mother a teacher? —No, she ________. A. Is; isn't B. Are; aren't C. Does; doesn't D. Do; don't 5. My brother ________ to school at 7:00 every day. A. go B. goes C. going D. to go 6. They ________ in the classroom now. A. am B. is C. are D. be 7. —________ you like reading? —Yes, I ________. A. Do; do B. Are; am C. Does; do D. Do; am 8. She ________ her homework every evening. A. do B. does C. doing D. to do 9. —________ Mary and Lucy your sisters? —Yes, they ________. A. Is; is B. Are; are C. Do; do D. Does; does 10. We ________ students. We ________ in the same school. A. is; study B. are; study C. are; studies D. is; studies 📈 进阶层（第11-20题）——综合考查 be 与实义动词区分、三单变化规则及否定/疑问句动词还原 11. My sister ________ a new bike, but I ________ one. A. have; don't have B. has; don't have C. has; doesn't have D. have; doesn't have 12. The boy often ________ TV after school. A. watch B. watches C. watchs D. watching 13. —Does your father ________ to work by car? —No, he ________. He walks. A. go; doesn't B. goes; doesn't C. go; don't D. goes; don't 14. Tom ________ math. He thinks it's difficult. A. doesn't like B. don't like C. isn't like D. not like 15. My mother ________ apples, and my father ________ oranges, too. A. like; like B. likes; likes C. likes; like D. like; likes 16. His parents ________ teachers. They ________ in a big school. A. are; work B. is; work C. are; works D. is; works 17. She ________ to school by bike every day, but I ________. A. goes; don't B. go; don't C. goes; doesn't D. go; doesn't 18. —________ your sister ________ English well? —Yes, she ________ it every morning. A. Do; study; study B. Does; study; studies C. Does; studies; studies D. Do; study; studies 19. ________ Tom and his brother ________ football on weekends? A. Do; play B. Does; play C. Do; plays D. Does; plays 20. My aunt ________ a big house. She ________ in it. A. have; live B. has; lives C. have; lives D. has; live 🏆 挑战层（第21-30题）——中考真题风格，综合性强，含频率副词、主谓一致及易混点 21. My sister ________ to music very much. She ________ it every day. A. likes; listens B. likes; listen C. like; listens D. like; listen 22. —________ your parents ________ tea? —Yes, they ________. A. Do; like; do B. Does; like; does C. Do; likes; do D. Does; likes; does 23. I ________ a student, but my brother ________ a teacher. We ________ in the same school. A. am; is; are B. are; is; am C. is; am; are D. am; are; is 24. The girl ________ very nice. She ________ her classmates. A. is; help B. is; helps C. are; helps D. are; help 25. —________ your uncle ________ in a hospital? —No, he ________ in a school. A. Does; works; works B. Do; work; works C. Does; work; works D. Does; work; work 26. Linda and I ________ good friends. We ________ to school together. A. is; go B. are; go C. are; goes D. is; goes 27. My brother ________ eggs for breakfast, but I ________ bread. A. like; like B. likes; like C. like; likes D. likes; likes 28. She ________ her homework at school. She ________ it at home. A. doesn't do; does B. don't do; do C. doesn't does; does D. don't does; do 29. Every day, my father ________ to work at 7:00 and my mother ________ at 7:30. A. go; go B. goes; goes C. go; goes D. goes; go 30. —________ they often ________ football after school? —Yes, they ________. They play it every Friday. A. Do; play; do B. Does; play; does C. Do; plays; do D. Does; plays; does 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 一般现在时 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、一般现在时的意义 1 二、一般现在时的构成 2 三、含有系动词 be 的一般现在时 2 1. 肯定式 2 2. 否定式 2 3. 一般疑问式及简略回答 2 4. 系动词 be 的缩略形式 3 四、含有实义动词的一般现在时 3 1. 主语不是第三人称单数（I / You / We / They / 复数名词） 3 2. 主语是第三人称单数（He / She / It / 单数名词） 3 五、分层练习题（共30题） 4 基础层（第1-10题） 4 进阶层（第11-20题） 6 挑战层（第21-30题） 7 一、一般现在时的意义 一般现在时是英语中最基础的时态，主要用于以下三种情况： 用法用法 说明 示例 1. 表示现在的状态 说明当前的身份、特征、位置、情绪等 I am a student. / She is happy. / The book is on the desk. 2. 表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作 常与 always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day 等频率副词连用 I get up at 6:00 every day. / He often plays basketball. 3. 表示主语具备的性格、能力等 说明某人的性格特点、能力、爱好等 She speaks English well. / They like music. / He can swim（但情态动词另讲）. 实际上也包含客观事实，如 The sun rises in the east.（可并入能力/特征类） 💡 简记：一般现在时 = 现在的状态 + 习惯动作 + 性格能力。 二、一般现在时的构成（总框架） 一般现在时的谓语动词分为两种情况： 类型 构成特点 例句 系动词 be 型 主语 + am / is / are + 表语（名词/形容词等） I am happy. / He is a student. 实义动词型 主语 + 实义动词原形/三单形式 + 宾语/状语 I like apples. / She likes music. ⚠️ 核心区别：含有 be 动词的句子变否定/疑问时直接在 be 后加 not 或将 be 提前；含有实义动词的句子变否定/疑问时需要借助助动词 do / does。 三、含有系动词 be 的一般现在时 1. 肯定式 主语 系动词 示例 I am I am a student. He / She / It / 单数名词 is She is happy. / The cat is cute. We / You / They / 复数名词 are They are teachers. / We are friends. 2. 否定式 结构：主语 + am / is / are + not + ... 主语 否定缩写 示例 I I'm not I am not a doctor. He / She / It isn't She isn't at home. We / You / They aren't They aren't students. ⚠️ am not 没有缩写形式，只有 I'm not。 3. 一般疑问式及简略回答 结构：Am / Is / Are + 主语 + ...？ 疑问 肯定回答 否定回答 Am I ...? Yes, you are. No, you aren't. Is he / she / it ...? Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it isn't. Are you / we / they ...? Yes, we/you/they are. No, we/you/they aren't. 4. 系动词 be 的缩略形式 肯定式缩写 例词 否定式缩写 例词 I'm = I am I'm a girl. I'm not I'm not tall. You're = You are You're right. aren't = are not You aren't right. He's = He is He's my dad. isn't = is not He isn't my dad. She's = She is She's nice. isn't = is not She isn't nice. It's = It is It's a cat. isn't = is not It isn't a cat. We're = We are We're happy. aren't = are not We aren't happy. They're = They are They're friends. aren't = are not They aren't friends. ⚠️ 区分：it's = it is（它是）；its = 它的（物主代词）。 四、含有实义动词的一般现在时 1. 主语不是第三人称单数（I / You / We / They / 复数名词） 句式 结构 示例 肯定式 主语 + 动词原形 + ... I like apples. / They play football. 否定式 主语 + don't + 动词原形 + ... I don't like apples. / They don't play football. 疑问式 Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...？ Do you like apples? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + do. Yes, I do. 否定回答 No, 主语 + don't. No, we don't. 2. 主语是第三人称单数（He / She / It / 单数名词） （1）谓语动词的变化规则（核心考点） 情况 变化规则 例词 一般情况 加 -s play→plays, like→likes, run→runs 以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾 加 -es miss→misses, fix→fixes, watch→watches, wash→washes, go→goes, do→does 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 -es study→studies, fly→flies, cry→cries 以“元音字母+y”结尾 直接加 -s play→plays, say→says, buy→buys 特殊情况（have） 变为 has I have → He has （2）句式结构 句式 结构 示例 肯定式 主语(三单) + 动词三单形式 + ... She likes music. / He goes to school. 否定式 主语(三单) + doesn't + 动词原形 + ... She doesn't like music. / He doesn't go to school. 疑问式 Does + 主语(三单) + 动词原形 + ...？ Does she like music? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + does. Yes, she does. 否定回答 No, 主语 + doesn't. No, she doesn't. ⚠️ 核心法则：在否定句和疑问句中，动词必须变回原形。（do/does 已经体现了三单，后面的动词不能再加-s！） 五、分层练习题（共30题） 🔰 基础层（第1-10题）——考查 be 动词搭配、缩略形式及实义动词三单加-s 1. I ________ a middle school student. My sister ________ a teacher. A. am; is B. is; am C. are; is D. am; are 答案：A 解析：I 与 am 连用；sister 为单数名词，用 is。故选 A。 2. My father ________ a doctor. He ________ in a hospital. A. is; work B. is; works C. are; work D. are; works 答案：B 解析：father 为单数，用 is；He 为三单，实义动词 work 加-s 变为 works，故选 B。 3. She ________ like eggs for breakfast. A. don't B. doesn't C. isn't D. aren't 答案：B 解析：实义动词 like 的否定需借助助动词，She 为三单，用 doesn't，后接原形 like，故选 B。 4. —________ your mother a teacher? —No, she ________. A. Is; isn't B. Are; aren't C. Does; doesn't D. Do; don't 答案：A 解析：主语 mother 为单数，be 疑问句将 Is 提前；否定回答用 isn't，故选 A。 5. My brother ________ to school at 7:00 every day. A. go B. goes C. going D. to go 答案：B 解析：My brother 为三单，go 以 o 结尾加-es 变为 goes，故选 B。 6. They ________ in the classroom now. A. am B. is C. are D. be 答案：C 解析：They 为复数主语，用 are，故选 C。 7. —________ you like reading? —Yes, I ________. A. Do; do B. Are; am C. Does; do D. Do; am 答案：A 解析：实义动词 like，主语 you 非三单，疑问句用 Do；肯定回答用 Yes, I do，故选 A。 8. She ________ her homework every evening. A. do B. does C. doing D. to do 答案：B 解析：She 为三单，do 以 o 结尾加-es 变为 does，故选 B。 9. —________ Mary and Lucy your sisters? —Yes, they ________. A. Is; is B. Are; are C. Do; do D. Does; does 答案：B 解析：Mary and Lucy 为复数，用 Are 提问；肯定回答用 they are，故选 B。 10. We ________ students. We ________ in the same school. A. is; study B. are; study C. are; studies D. is; studies 答案：B 解析：We 为复数，用 are；第二空 We 非三单，实义动词用原形 study，故选 B。 📈 进阶层（第11-20题）——综合考查 be 与实义动词区分、三单变化规则及否定/疑问句动词还原 11. My sister ________ a new bike, but I ________ one. A. have; don't have B. has; don't have C. has; doesn't have D. have; doesn't have 答案：B 解析：sister 为三单，have 变 has；I 非三单，否定用 don't + 原形 have，故选 B。 12. The boy often ________ TV after school. A. watch B. watches C. watchs D. watching 答案：B 解析：The boy 为三单，watch 以 ch 结尾加-es 变为 watches，故选 B。 13. —Does your father ________ to work by car? —No, he ________. He walks. A. go; doesn't B. goes; doesn't C. go; don't D. goes; don't 答案：A 解析：疑问句 Does 后接动词原形 go；否定回答用 No, he doesn't，故选 A。 14. Tom ________ math. He thinks it's difficult. A. doesn't like B. don't like C. isn't like D. not like 答案：A 解析：Tom 为三单，否定用 doesn't + 原形 like，故选 A。 15. My mother ________ apples, and my father ________ oranges, too. A. like; like B. likes; likes C. likes; like D. like; likes 答案：B 解析：my mother 和 my father 均为三单，两个空都应用 likes，故选 B。 16. His parents ________ teachers. They ________ in a big school. A. are; work B. is; work C. are; works D. is; works 答案：A 解析：parents 为复数，用 are；They 非三单，用原形 work，故选 A。 17. She ________ to school by bike every day, but I ________. A. goes; don't B. go; don't C. goes; doesn't D. go; doesn't 答案：A 解析：She 为三单，go 变 goes；I 非三单，否定用 don't，故选 A。 18. —________ your sister ________ English well? —Yes, she ________ it every morning. A. Do; study; study B. Does; study; studies C. Does; studies; studies D. Do; study; studies 答案：B 解析：疑问句 Does + 主语 + 原形 study；第三空 she 为三单，study 变 y 为 i 加-es → studies，故选 B。 19. ________ Tom and his brother ________ football on weekends? A. Do; play B. Does; play C. Do; plays D. Does; plays 答案：A 解析：Tom and his brother 为复数主语，助动词用 Do，后接原形 play，故选 A。 20. My aunt ________ a big house. She ________ in it. A. have; live B. has; lives C. have; lives D. has; live 答案：B 解析：My aunt 为三单，have 变 has；live 加-s 变为 lives，故选 B。 🏆 挑战层（第21-30题）——中考真题风格，综合性强，含频率副词、主谓一致及易混点 21. My sister ________ to music very much. She ________ it every day. A. likes; listens B. likes; listen C. like; listens D. like; listen 答案：A 解析：My sister 为三单，like 变 likes；第二空 She 为三单，listen 加-s 变为 listens，故选 A。 22. —________ your parents ________ tea? —Yes, they ________. A. Do; like; do B. Does; like; does C. Do; likes; do D. Does; likes; does 答案：A 解析：parents 为复数，用 Do 提问，后接原形 like；肯定回答用 they do，故选 A。 23. I ________ a student, but my brother ________ a teacher. We ________ in the same school. A. am; is; are B. are; is; am C. is; am; are D. am; are; is 答案：A 解析：I 用 am；brother 单数用 is；We 复数用 are，故选 A。 24. The girl ________ very nice. She ________ her classmates. A. is; help B. is; helps C. are; helps D. are; help 答案：B 解析：The girl 单数，第一空用 is；第二空 She 三单，help 加-s，故选 B。 25. —________ your uncle ________ in a hospital? —No, he ________ in a school. A. Does; works; works B. Do; work; works C. Does; work; works D. Does; work; work 答案：C 解析：疑问句 Does + 主语 + 原形 work；否定回答后陈述句 he 为三单，用 works。故选 C。 26. Linda and I ________ good friends. We ________ to school together. A. is; go B. are; go C. are; goes D. is; goes 答案：B 解析：Linda and I 为复数，用 are；We 非三单，用原形 go，故选 B。 27. My brother ________ eggs for breakfast, but I ________ bread. A. like; like B. likes; like C. like; likes D. likes; likes 答案：B 解析：brother 三单用 likes；I 非三单用原形 like，故选 B。 28. She ________ her homework at school. She ________ it at home. A. doesn't do; does B. don't do; do C. doesn't does; does D. don't does; do 答案：A 解析：She 三单，否定用 doesn't + 原形 do；肯定句中 she 三单，用 does（实义），故选 A。 29. Every day, my father ________ to work at 7:00 and my mother ________ at 7:30. A. go; go B. goes; goes C. go; goes D. goes; go 答案：B 解析：my father 和 my mother 均为三单，两个空都用 goes，故选 B。 30. —________ they often ________ football after school? —Yes, they ________. They play it every Friday. A. Do; play; do B. Does; play; does C. Do; plays; do D. Does; plays; does 答案：A 解析：they 复数，用 Do 提问，后接原形 play；肯定回答用 they do，故选 A。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $