内容正文:
名 词
(语法讲解+分层精练)
目 录
一、名词的概念 1
二、名词的种类 1
1. 专有名词 1
2. 普通名词 1
三、名词的可数性 2
(一)可数名词复数变化规则 2
(二)不可数名词的用法 2
四、名词所有格 3
(一)'s 所有格(用于有生命的人/动物,以及时间、距离等) 3
(二)of 所有格(用于无生命的事物) 3
(三)双重所有格 3
五、分层练习题(共30题) 3
基础层(第1-10题)——考查名词分类与可数性判断 3
进阶层(第11-20题)——综合考查可数性、所有格及词义辨析 4
挑战层(第21-30题)——中考真题风格,综合性强 5
一、名词的概念
名词是指人或事物的名称。
二、名词的种类
名词按意义分为 专有名词 和 普通名词 两大类。
1. 专有名词
· 表示特定的人、地点、机构、节日、星期、月份等。
· 首字母必须大写,一般不加冠词,没有复数形式。
· 例:China, Beijing, Tom, the Great Wall, Children's Day, Monday, July
2. 普通名词
普通名词又可分为以下四小类:
类别
说明
可数性
例词
个体名词
表示某类人或东西中的个体
可数
student, apple, pen, book
集体名词
表示由若干个体组成的整体
可数
family, class, team, group
物质名词
表示无法分为个体的物质
不可数
water, rice, bread, milk, meat
抽象名词
表示动作、状态、品质、情感等
不可数
fun, help, work, music, history
易混提示:同一词在不同语境下可“切换”可数性,如:
· orange → 可数(橘子) / 不可数(橘汁)
· chicken → 可数(小鸡) / 不可数(鸡肉)
· room → 可数(房间) / 不可数(空间)
· glass → 可数(杯子) / 不可数(玻璃)
三、名词的可数性
(一)可数名词复数变化规则
1. 规则变化:
情况
规则
例词
一般情况
加 -s
book→books, bag→bags
以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾
加 -es
class→classes, box→boxes, watch→watches
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变 y 为 i,再加 -es
family→families, party→parties
以“元音字母+y”结尾
直接加 -s
boy→boys, day→days
以 f/fe 结尾
变 f/fe 为 v,再加 -es
knife→knives, leaf→leaves
以 o 结尾(有生命)
加 -es
tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes
以 o 结尾(无生命)
加 -s
photo→photos, radio→radios
2. 不规则变化:
变化方式
例词
改变中间元音
man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth
词尾加 -en 或 -ren
child→children
单复数同形
fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese
(二)不可数名词的用法
· 没有复数形式,不用 a/an,不能与数词直接连用。
· 表示数量时用“计量单位词 + of + 不可数名词”:
· a glass of water → two glasses of water
· a piece of bread → two pieces of bread
· a bag of rice → five bags of rice
四、名词所有格
(一)'s 所有格(用于有生命的人/动物,以及时间、距离等)
情况
构成方法
示例
单数名词
加 's
the girl's bag, Tom's dad
不以 s 结尾的复数名词
加 's
Children's Day, men's room
以 s 结尾的复数名词
只加 '
the girls' bags, students' desks
以 s 结尾的人名
加 '或 's
James' / James's
并列名词(共同所有)
最后一个加 's
Lucy and Lily's room
并列名词(各自所有)
各自加 's
Lucy's and Lily's rooms
时间、距离等
加 's 或 '
today's newspaper, ten minutes' walk
(二)of 所有格(用于无生命的事物)
· 结构:名词 + of + 名词
· the door of the room, the name of the book, the capital of China
(三)双重所有格
· 结构:of + 's 或 of + 名词性物主代词
· a friend of my father's(我父亲的一位朋友)
· that book of Lucy's(露西的那本书)
五、分层练习题(共30题)
基础层(第1-10题)——考查名词分类与可数性判断
1. —Do you like ________?
—Yes, I do. I eat them every day.
A. milk B. bread C. bananas D. chicken
2. I want to buy two ________ for my brother.
A. watch B. watches C. watchs D. watching
3. There are three ________ in the room.
A. woman teacher B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teachers
4. —What would you like to drink?
—I'd like some ________.
A. orange B. oranges C. an orange D. the orange
5. My mother bought some ________ for dinner.
A. fish B. fishes C. a fish D. fishing
6. ________ room is very tidy.
A. Lucy and Lily's B. Lucy's and Lily's C. Lucy's and Lily D. Lucy and Lily
7. These are my ________ books.
A. grandparents B. grandparent's C. grandparents' D. grandparent
8. —Is this ________ bike?
—No, it's ________.
A. your; his B. yours; his C. your; him D. yours; him
9. ________ Day is on June 1st.
A. Child B. Children C. Children's D. Childrens'
10. How many ________ are there in your school?
A. class B. classes C. classs D. classe
进阶层(第11-20题)——综合考查可数性、所有格及词义辨析
11. I'd like two ________ and three ________.
A. bread; milk B. breads; milks C. bread; milks D. pieces of bread; glasses of milk
12. That is ________ bedroom. It's big and clean.
A. Jane and Kate B. Jane's and Kate's C. Jane's and Kate D. Jane and Kate's
13. The ________ names are on the desk.
A. student B. student's C. students' D. students's
14. I have some ________ and ________ for breakfast.
A. bread; milk B. breads; milk C. bread; milks D. breads; milks
15. —How far is it from your home to school?
—It's about ________ walk.
A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minute's D. ten minutes'
16. These ________ are my ________.
A. tomatoes; sisters B. tomatoes; sister's C. tomato; sister D. tomato; sister's
17. This is ________ room. They share it.
A. Tom and Tim's B. Tom's and Tim's C. Tom's and Tim D. Tom and Tim
18. Could you pass me ________?
A. two piece of paper B. two pieces of paper C. two pieces of papers D. two piece of papers
19. My father likes ________, but he doesn't like ________.
A. chickens; fish B. chicken; fish C. chicken; fishes D. chickens; fishes
20. The ________ desk is over there.
A. teacher B. teachers C. teacher's D. teachers'
挑战层(第21-30题)——中考真题风格,综合性强
21. —Who's that girl on the sofa?
—She's ________ sister Emma.
A. Bob and Frank B. Bob's and Frank's C. Bob and Frank's D. Bob's and Frank
22. The two bikes are very nice. They are ________.
A. Tom and Jack B. Tom's and Jack C. Tom and Jack's D. Tom's and Jack's
23. We didn't go into the house because the sign said, "________".
A. Keep out B. Keep off C. Keep quiet D. Private
24. ________ mothers both work in the same hospital.
A. Tom and Peter B. Tom's and Peter C. Tom and Peter's D. Tom's and Peter's
25. The ________ of the building is very modern.
A. door B. doors C. door's D. doors'
26. I need two ________ and three ________.
A. kilos of rice; bottles of water B. kilo of rices; bottle of waters
C. kilos of rices; bottles of waters D. kilo of rice; bottle of water
27. This is ________ book. ________ is on the desk.
A. my; Your B. mine; Yours C. my; Yours D. mine; Your
28. It's only five ________ walk from my home to school.
A. minute B. minute's C. minutes D. minutes'
29. That is ________ room. The two sisters share it.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy's and Lily's C. Lucy and Lily's D. Lucy's and Lily
30. —What can I do for you?
—I'd like ________.
A. two glass of milk B. two glasses of milk C. two glass of milks D. two glasses of milks
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
名 词
(语法讲解+分层精练)
目 录
一、名词的概念 1
二、名词的种类 1
1. 专有名词 1
2. 普通名词 1
三、名词的可数性 2
(一)可数名词复数变化规则 2
(二)不可数名词的用法 2
四、名词所有格 3
(一)'s 所有格(用于有生命的人/动物,以及时间、距离等) 3
(二)of 所有格(用于无生命的事物) 3
(三)双重所有格 3
五、分层练习题(共30题) 3
基础层(第1-10题)——考查名词分类与可数性判断 3
进阶层(第11-20题)——综合考查可数性、所有格及词义辨析 5
挑战层(第21-30题)——中考真题风格,综合性强 7
一、名词的概念
名词是指人或事物的名称。
二、名词的种类
名词按意义分为 专有名词 和 普通名词 两大类。
1. 专有名词
· 表示特定的人、地点、机构、节日、星期、月份等。
· 首字母必须大写,一般不加冠词,没有复数形式。
· 例:China, Beijing, Tom, the Great Wall, Children's Day, Monday, July
2. 普通名词
普通名词又可分为以下四小类:
类别
说明
可数性
例词
个体名词
表示某类人或东西中的个体
可数
student, apple, pen, book
集体名词
表示由若干个体组成的整体
可数
family, class, team, group
物质名词
表示无法分为个体的物质
不可数
water, rice, bread, milk, meat
抽象名词
表示动作、状态、品质、情感等
不可数
fun, help, work, music, history
易混提示:同一词在不同语境下可“切换”可数性,如:
· orange → 可数(橘子) / 不可数(橘汁)
· chicken → 可数(小鸡) / 不可数(鸡肉)
· room → 可数(房间) / 不可数(空间)
· glass → 可数(杯子) / 不可数(玻璃)
三、名词的可数性
(一)可数名词复数变化规则
1. 规则变化:
情况
规则
例词
一般情况
加 -s
book→books, bag→bags
以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾
加 -es
class→classes, box→boxes, watch→watches
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变 y 为 i,再加 -es
family→families, party→parties
以“元音字母+y”结尾
直接加 -s
boy→boys, day→days
以 f/fe 结尾
变 f/fe 为 v,再加 -es
knife→knives, leaf→leaves
以 o 结尾(有生命)
加 -es
tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes
以 o 结尾(无生命)
加 -s
photo→photos, radio→radios
2. 不规则变化:
变化方式
例词
改变中间元音
man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth
词尾加 -en 或 -ren
child→children
单复数同形
fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese
(二)不可数名词的用法
· 没有复数形式,不用 a/an,不能与数词直接连用。
· 表示数量时用“计量单位词 + of + 不可数名词”:
· a glass of water → two glasses of water
· a piece of bread → two pieces of bread
· a bag of rice → five bags of rice
四、名词所有格
(一)'s 所有格(用于有生命的人/动物,以及时间、距离等)
情况
构成方法
示例
单数名词
加 's
the girl's bag, Tom's dad
不以 s 结尾的复数名词
加 's
Children's Day, men's room
以 s 结尾的复数名词
只加 '
the girls' bags, students' desks
以 s 结尾的人名
加 '或 's
James' / James's
并列名词(共同所有)
最后一个加 's
Lucy and Lily's room
并列名词(各自所有)
各自加 's
Lucy's and Lily's rooms
时间、距离等
加 's 或 '
today's newspaper, ten minutes' walk
(二)of 所有格(用于无生命的事物)
· 结构:名词 + of + 名词
· the door of the room, the name of the book, the capital of China
(三)双重所有格
· 结构:of + 's 或 of + 名词性物主代词
· a friend of my father's(我父亲的一位朋友)
· that book of Lucy's(露西的那本书)
五、分层练习题(共30题)
基础层(第1-10题)——考查名词分类与可数性判断
1. —Do you like ________?
—Yes, I do. I eat them every day.
A. milk B. bread C. bananas D. chicken
答案:C
解析:本题考查可数名词与不可数名词的区分。由答语中的“them”可知应选复数形式的可数名词。milk、bread、chicken均为不可数名词,无复数形式;bananas为可数名词复数,故选C。
2. I want to buy two ________ for my brother.
A. watch B. watches C. watchs D. watching
答案:B
解析:本题考查以ch结尾的名词复数变化。watch以ch结尾,变复数时应加-es,即watches。two后接可数名词复数形式,故选B。
3. There are three ________ in the room.
A. woman teacher B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teachers
答案:B
解析:本题考查复合名词的复数形式。man/woman修饰其他名词时,两个词都要变为复数。woman→women,teacher→teachers,故选B。
4. —What would you like to drink?
—I'd like some ________.
A. orange B. oranges C. an orange D. the orange
答案:A
解析:本题考查orange的可数与不可数用法。由问句中的“drink”(喝)可知此处指“橘汁”,为不可数名词,不能用复数或加a/an,故选A。
5. My mother bought some ________ for dinner.
A. fish B. fishes C. a fish D. fishing
答案:A
解析:本题考查fish的可数性与不可数性。作“鱼肉”讲时为不可数名词,无复数形式;作“鱼”讲时为可数名词,复数可为fish或fishes。句中指晚餐吃的“鱼肉”,为不可数名词,故选A。
6. ________ room is very tidy.
A. Lucy and Lily's B. Lucy's and Lily's C. Lucy's and Lily D. Lucy and Lily
答案:A
解析:本题考查共同所有与各自所有的区别。由空后的room为单数可知,这是两人共同拥有的一个房间,应在最后一个人名后加's,即Lucy and Lily's,故选A。
7. These are my ________ books.
A. grandparents B. grandparent's C. grandparents' D. grandparent
答案:C
解析:本题考查以s结尾的复数名词所有格。grandparents为复数名词,且以s结尾,表示“祖父母的”应在词尾只加',即grandparents',故选C。
8. —Is this ________ bike?
—No, it's ________.
A. your; his B. yours; his C. your; him D. yours; him
答案:A
解析:本题考查形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区分。第一空后接bike,应用形容词性物主代词your;第二空后无名词,应用名词性物主代词his(= his bike)。故选A。
9. ________ Day is on June 1st.
A. Child B. Children C. Children's D. Childrens'
答案:C
解析:本题考查不以s结尾的复数名词所有格。“儿童节”应为Children's Day。child的复数为children,不以s结尾,所有格加's,故选C。
10. How many ________ are there in your school?
A. class B. classes C. classs D. classe
答案:B
解析:本题考查以s结尾的名词复数。How many后接可数名词复数形式。class以s结尾,变复数为classes,故选B。
进阶层(第11-20题)——综合考查可数性、所有格及词义辨析
11. I'd like two ________ and three ________.
A. bread; milk B. breads; milks C. bread; milks D. pieces of bread; glasses of milk
答案:D
解析:本题考查不可数名词的数量表达。bread和milk均为不可数名词,不能直接用数词修饰,需用量词短语表达数量。two pieces of bread(两片面包),three glasses of milk(三杯牛奶),故选D。
12. That is ________ bedroom. It's big and clean.
A. Jane and Kate B. Jane's and Kate's C. Jane's and Kate D. Jane and Kate's
答案:D
解析:本题考查共同所有格。由bedroom为单数可知是两人共有的一个房间,应在最后一个名词后加's,即Jane and Kate's,故选D。
13. The ________ names are on the desk.
A. student B. student's C. students' D. students's
答案:C
解析:本题考查复数名词所有格。由names为复数可知,此处应为多名学生的名字。students为以s结尾的复数名词,所有格只加',即students',故选C。
14. I have some ________ and ________ for breakfast.
A. bread; milk B. breads; milk C. bread; milks D. breads; milks
答案:A
解析:本题考查不可数名词的用法。bread和milk均为不可数名词,没有复数形式,不能加-s,故选A。
15. —How far is it from your home to school?
—It's about ________ walk.
A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minute's D. ten minutes'
答案:D
解析:本题考查时间名词的所有格。“十分钟的路程”应用所有格形式。ten minutes为复数名词,以s结尾,所有格只加',即ten minutes',故选D。
16. These ________ are my ________.
A. tomatoes; sisters B. tomatoes; sister's C. tomato; sister D. tomato; sister's
答案:B
解析:本题考查可数名词复数与名词所有格的综合运用。tomato以o结尾且有生命,复数加-es→tomatoes;“我姐姐的”为单数名词所有格,加's→sister's,故选B。
17. This is ________ room. They share it.
A. Tom and Tim's B. Tom's and Tim's C. Tom's and Tim D. Tom and Tim
答案:A
解析:本题考查共同所有格。由“They share it.”可知两人共用一间房,为共同所有,在最后一个人名后加's,即Tom and Tim's,故选A。
18. Could you pass me ________?
A. two piece of paper B. two pieces of paper C. two pieces of papers D. two piece of papers
答案:B
解析:本题考查不可数名词的量词表达。paper为不可数名词,不可加-s;piece为可数名词,复数加-s。two pieces of paper表示“两张纸”,故选B。
19. My father likes ________, but he doesn't like ________.
A. chickens; fish B. chicken; fish C. chicken; fishes D. chickens; fishes
答案:B
解析:本题考查chicken和fish的可数与不可数用法。作“鸡肉”和“鱼肉”讲时均为不可数名词,无复数形式。句意为“我爸爸喜欢鸡肉,但不喜欢鱼肉”,故选B。
20. The ________ desk is over there.
A. teacher B. teachers C. teacher's D. teachers'
答案:C
解析:本题考查单数名词所有格。由desk为单数可知应是一位老师的桌子,teacher为单数名词,所有格加's,即teacher's,故选C。
挑战层(第21-30题)——中考真题风格,综合性强
21. —Who's that girl on the sofa?
—She's ________ sister Emma.
A. Bob and Frank B. Bob's and Frank's C. Bob and Frank's D. Bob's and Frank
答案:C
解析:本题考查共同所有格。由“She”(单数)可知Emma是Bob和Frank两人共同的妹妹,应在最后一个人名后加's,即Bob and Frank's,故选C。
22. The two bikes are very nice. They are ________.
A. Tom and Jack B. Tom's and Jack C. Tom and Jack's D. Tom's and Jack's
答案:D
解析:本题考查各自所有格。由“The two bikes”(两辆自行车)可知两人各有一辆,为各自所有,两人都加's,即Tom's and Jack's,故选D。
23. We didn't go into the house because the sign said, "________".
A. Keep out B. Keep off C. Keep quiet D. Private
答案:A
解析:本题结合语境考查名词所有格概念。sign上写“Private”表示“私人的”,即“私人领地”。所有格表示所属关系,此处Private暗含“私人物品/私人房产”的含义。其余选项为祈使句,不合语境。故选A。
24. ________ mothers both work in the same hospital.
A. Tom and Peter B. Tom's and Peter C. Tom and Peter's D. Tom's and Peter's
答案:D
解析:本题考查各自所有格。由mothers为复数且both可知两人各自的妈妈,为各自所有,两人都加's,即Tom's and Peter's,故选D。
25. The ________ of the building is very modern.
A. door B. doors C. door's D. doors'
答案:A
解析:本题考查of所有格。“建筑物的门”应用of所有格表达为the door of the building,此处door为单数名词作主语,故选A。
26. I need two ________ and three ________.
A. kilos of rice; bottles of water B. kilo of rices; bottle of waters
C. kilos of rices; bottles of waters D. kilo of rice; bottle of water
答案:A
解析:本题考查不可数名词的量词表达。rice和water均为不可数名词,不能加-s;kilo和bottle为可数名词,复数加-s。two kilos of rice,three bottles of water,故选A。
27. This is ________ book. ________ is on the desk.
A. my; Your B. mine; Yours C. my; Yours D. mine; Your
答案:C
解析:本题考查形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区分。第一空后接book,应用形容词性物主代词my;第二空后无名词,应用名词性物主代词Yours(= your book),故选C。
28. It's only five ________ walk from my home to school.
A. minute B. minute's C. minutes D. minutes'
答案:D
解析:本题考查时间名词所有格。五分钟的路程应用所有格形式。minutes为复数名词,以s结尾,所有格只加',即minutes',故选D。
29. That is ________ room. The two sisters share it.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy's and Lily's C. Lucy and Lily's D. Lucy's and Lily
答案:C
解析:本题考查共同所有格。由“The two sisters share it.”可知两人共用一间房,为共同所有,在最后一个人名后加's,即Lucy and Lily's,故选C。
30. —What can I do for you?
—I'd like ________.
A. two glass of milk B. two glasses of milk C. two glass of milks D. two glasses of milks
答案:B
解析:本题考查不可数名词的量词表达。milk为不可数名词,不能加-s;glass为可数名词,复数加-es。two glasses of milk表示“两杯牛奶”,故选B。
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