同步语法讲解（陈述句）2026-2027学年人教版七年级英语上册

陈述句 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、陈述句的概念与分类 1 1. 陈述句的概念 1 2. 陈述句的分类 1 二、陈述句的构成（两种句式结构） 2 （一）含有系动词 be 的陈述句 2 （二）含有实义动词的陈述句 2 三、陈述句中的特殊否定结构 3 1. 含有 some 的陈述句变否定时，some 要变为 any 3 2. 含有 and 的陈述句变否定时，and 要变为 or 3 3. 含有 never / no / nothing 的句子本身已是否定句，不再加 not 3 四、陈述句与疑问句的转换 3 五、陈述句速记口诀 3 六、分层练习题（共30题） 4 基础层（第1-10题） 4 进阶层（第11-20题） 5 挑战层（第21-30题） 5 一、陈述句的概念与分类 1. 陈述句的概念 陈述句（Declarative Sentences） 是用来陈述事实、看法、情况或描写状态的句子。陈述句的末尾用句号（.），读时通常用降调。 简言之：陈述句就是“告诉别人一件事”的句子。 2. 陈述句的分类 陈述句按其结构分为肯定式（Affirmative）和否定式（Negative）两种。 类型 说明 示例 肯定式 表示“是”“有”“做……”等肯定含义 I am a student. / She likes apples. 否定式 表示“不是”“没有”“不做……”等否定含义 I am not a teacher. / She doesn't like pears. 二、陈述句的构成（两种句式结构） 在七年级上册中，陈述句的谓语动词分为两大类，结构各不相同： （一）含有系动词 be 的陈述句 1. 肯定式 结构：主语 + be动词（am/is/are）+ 表语（名词/形容词/介词短语等） 主语 be动词 示例 I am I am a student. He / She / It / 单数名词 is She is happy. / The cat is cute. We / You / They / 复数名词 are They are teachers. 2. 否定式 结构：主语 + be动词 + not + 表语 主语 否定式 缩写 示例 I am not I'm not I am not a doctor. He / She / It is not isn't She isn't at home. We / You / They are not aren't They aren't students. ⚠️ 注意：am not 没有缩写形式，只能写 I'm not。 （二）含有实义动词的陈述句 1. 肯定式 结构： · 主语（非三单）+ 动词原形 + ... · 主语（三单）+ 动词三单形式 + ... 主语类型 结构 示例 I / You / We / They / 复数名词 主语 + 动词原形 I like apples. / They play football. He / She / It / 单数名词 主语 + 动词三单形式 She likes music. / He goes to school. 2. 否定式 结构： · 主语（非三单）+ do not（don't）+ 动词原形 + ... · 主语（三单）+ does not（doesn't）+ 动词原形 + ... 主语类型 否定结构 示例 I / You / We / They don't + 动词原形 I don't like apples. He / She / It doesn't + 动词原形 She doesn't like music. ⚠️ 核心法则：在否定句中，动词必须变回原形！（doesn't 已经体现了三单，后面的动词不能再加-s） 三、陈述句中的特殊否定结构（需注意的地方） 1. 含有 some 的陈述句变否定时，some 要变为 any 肯定句 否定句 I have some apples. I don't have any apples. There are some books. There aren't any books. 2. 含有 and 的陈述句变否定时，and 要变为 or 肯定句 否定句 I like apples and oranges. I don't like apples or oranges. 3. 含有 never / no / nothing 的句子本身已是否定句，不再加 not 肯定句变否定（注意：never 本身已是否定） I never eat meat.（本身就是否定句，不能再加 don't） There is no water.（本身就是否定句） 四、陈述句与疑问句的转换（补充说明） 虽然本讲主题为陈述句，但了解它与疑问句的互转有助于更深刻理解陈述句结构。陈述句变一般疑问句的规则： 谓语类型 变法 示例 含有 be 动词 将 be 动词提前 She is a teacher. →Is she a teacher? 含有实义动词（非三单） 句首加 Do，动词还原 I like apples. → Do you like apples? 含有实义动词（三单主语） 句首加 Does，动词还原 She likes music.→Does she like music? 五、陈述句速记口诀 陈述句口诀： 陈述句，真简单，告诉别人一件事； 肯定否定两大类，句末句号要写全。 be 动否定加 not，实义否定借 do/does； 用 does 时动词还原形，some 变 any 记心间， and 变 or 别弄乱，否定句就全写对！ 否定句专项口诀： 有 am/is/are，否定 not 后面加； 无 am/is/are，找 do/does 来当家； 三单用 does，其他都用 do； 用了 do/does，动词变原形； some 变 any，and 变 or， 否定句就完成了！ 六、分层练习题（共30题） 🔰 基础层（第1-10题）——考查陈述句肯定与否定基本判断，be 动词与实义动词区分 1. I ________ a student. I ________ a teacher. A. am; am not B. am not; am C. is; isn't D. are; aren't 2. My sister ________ a new bike. She ________ an old one. A. have; doesn't have B. has; doesn't have C. has; don't have D. have; don't have 3. They ________ in the classroom. They ________ in the library. A. are; aren't B. are; are C. are; are not D. is; isn't 4. I ________ eggs for breakfast. I ________ bread. A. like; don't like B. likes; doesn't like C. like; doesn't like D. likes; don't like 5. She ________ to school by bus. She ________ by bike. A. go; don't go B. goes; doesn't go C. go; doesn't go D. goes; don't go 6. We ________ happy today. We ________ sad. A. are; aren't B. is; isn't C. are; are D. am; am not 7. Tom ________ football after school. He ________ basketball. A. play; doesn't play B. plays; doesn't play C. plays; don't play D. play; don't play 8. My parents ________ at home now. They ________ at work. A. is; isn't B. are; aren't C. are; are D. is; is 9. I ________ milk, but my sister ________ it. A. like; don't like B. like; doesn't like C. likes; doesn't like D. likes; don't like 10. She ________ her homework in the evening. She ________ it in the morning. A. do; don't do B. does; doesn't do C. do; doesn't do D. does; don't do 📈 进阶层（第11-20题）——综合考查 some 变 any、and 变 or 及否定句中的动词还原 11. I have ________ apples, but I don't have ________ oranges. A. some; some B. any; any C. some; any D. any; some 12. She likes apples ________ oranges, but she doesn't like bananas ________ pears. A. and; and B. or; or C. and; or D. or; and 13. We ________ any milk at home. We need to buy some. A. don't have B. doesn't have C. haven't D. have not 14. My brother ________ TV every day, but he ________ computer games. A. watch; doesn't play B. watches; doesn't play C. watches; don't play D. watch; don't play 15. She ________ any money. She is very poor. A. doesn't has B. don't have C. doesn't have D. not have 16. There ________ any water in the bottle. A. is B. isn't C. are D. aren't 17. Tom and Jerry ________ good friends. They ________ each other. A. is; like B. are; like C. are; likes D. is; likes 18. My mother ________ vegetables, but my father ________. A. like; doesn't B. likes; doesn't C. like; don't D. likes; don't 19. I ________ any brothers ________ sisters. I'm the only child. A. have; and B. don't have; and C. have; or D. don't have; or 20. His father ________ a teacher. He ________ in a hospital. A. isn't; work B. isn't; works C. is; work D. doesn't; works 🏆 挑战层（第21-30题）——中考真题风格，综合性强，含各类陈述句结构辨析 21. I ________ a new pen, but my sister ________ one. A. have; doesn't have B. have; don't have C. has; doesn't have D. has; don't have 22. She ________ to school on foot. She ________ by bus. A. go; doesn't go B. goes; doesn't go C. goes; don't go D. go; don't go 23. There ________ some milk in the fridge, but there ________ any eggs. A. is; isn't B. are; aren't C. is; aren't D. are; isn't 24. My friends ________ like swimming. They ________ running. A. don't; like B. doesn't; like C. don't; likes D. doesn't; likes 25. The little girl ________ any help. She can do it herself. A. doesn't need B. don't need C. needn't D. not need 26. My uncle ________ in Beijing. He ________ in Shanghai. A. live; doesn't live B. lives; doesn't live C. lives; don't live D. live; don't live 27. I ________ any coffee, but I ________ some tea. A. don't have; have B. doesn't have; has C. don't have; has D. doesn't have; have 28. That boy ________ a new bike. He ________ an old one. A. has; doesn't have B. have; doesn't have C. has; don't have D. have; don't have 29. The students ________ any homework today, so they ________ happy. A. don't have; are B. doesn't have; are C. don't have; is D. doesn't have; is 30. My mother ________ eggs for breakfast, but I ________. I like bread. A. likes; don't B. like; don't C. likes; doesn't D. like; doesn't 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 陈述句 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、陈述句的概念与分类 1 1. 陈述句的概念 1 2. 陈述句的分类 1 二、陈述句的构成（两种句式结构） 1 （一）含有系动词 be 的陈述句 2 （二）含有实义动词的陈述句 2 三、陈述句中的特殊否定结构 3 1. 含有 some 的陈述句变否定时，some 要变为 any 3 2. 含有 and 的陈述句变否定时，and 要变为 or 3 3. 含有 never / no / nothing 的句子本身已是否定句，不再加 not 3 四、陈述句与疑问句的转换 3 五、陈述句速记口诀 3 六、分层练习题（共30题） 4 基础层（第1-10题） 4 进阶层（第11-20题） 5 挑战层（第21-30题） 7 一、陈述句的概念与分类 1. 陈述句的概念 陈述句（Declarative Sentences） 是用来陈述事实、看法、情况或描写状态的句子。陈述句的末尾用句号（.），读时通常用降调。 简言之：陈述句就是“告诉别人一件事”的句子。 2. 陈述句的分类 陈述句按其结构分为肯定式（Affirmative）和否定式（Negative）两种。 类型 说明 示例 肯定式 表示“是”“有”“做……”等肯定含义 I am a student. / She likes apples. 否定式 表示“不是”“没有”“不做……”等否定含义 I am not a teacher. / She doesn't like pears. 二、陈述句的构成（两种句式结构） 在七年级上册中，陈述句的谓语动词分为两大类，结构各不相同： （一）含有系动词 be 的陈述句 1. 肯定式 结构：主语 + be动词（am/is/are）+ 表语（名词/形容词/介词短语等） 主语 be动词 示例 I am I am a student. He / She / It / 单数名词 is She is happy. / The cat is cute. We / You / They / 复数名词 are They are teachers. 2. 否定式 结构：主语 + be动词 + not + 表语 主语 否定式 缩写 示例 I am not I'm not I am not a doctor. He / She / It is not isn't She isn't at home. We / You / They are not aren't They aren't students. ⚠️ 注意：am not 没有缩写形式，只能写 I'm not。 （二）含有实义动词的陈述句 1. 肯定式 结构： · 主语（非三单）+ 动词原形 + ... · 主语（三单）+ 动词三单形式 + ... 主语类型 结构 示例 I / You / We / They / 复数名词 主语 + 动词原形 I like apples. / They play football. He / She / It / 单数名词 主语 + 动词三单形式 She likes music. / He goes to school. 2. 否定式 结构： · 主语（非三单）+ do not（don't）+ 动词原形 + ... · 主语（三单）+ does not（doesn't）+ 动词原形 + ... 主语类型 否定结构 示例 I / You / We / They don't + 动词原形 I don't like apples. He / She / It doesn't + 动词原形 She doesn't like music. ⚠️ 核心法则：在否定句中，动词必须变回原形！（doesn't 已经体现了三单，后面的动词不能再加-s） 三、陈述句中的特殊否定结构（需注意的地方） 1. 含有 some 的陈述句变否定时，some 要变为 any 肯定句 否定句 I have some apples. I don't have any apples. There are some books. There aren't any books. 2. 含有 and 的陈述句变否定时，and 要变为 or 肯定句 否定句 I like apples and oranges. I don't like apples or oranges. 3. 含有 never / no / nothing 的句子本身已是否定句，不再加 not 肯定句变否定（注意：never 本身已是否定） I never eat meat.（本身就是否定句，不能再加 don't） There is no water.（本身就是否定句） 四、陈述句与疑问句的转换（补充说明） 虽然本讲主题为陈述句，但了解它与疑问句的互转有助于更深刻理解陈述句结构。陈述句变一般疑问句的规则： 谓语类型 变法 示例 含有 be 动词 将 be 动词提前 She is a teacher. →Is she a teacher? 含有实义动词（非三单） 句首加 Do，动词还原 I like apples. → Do you like apples? 含有实义动词（三单主语） 句首加 Does，动词还原 She likes music.→Does she like music? 五、陈述句速记口诀 陈述句口诀： 陈述句，真简单，告诉别人一件事； 肯定否定两大类，句末句号要写全。 be 动否定加 not，实义否定借 do/does； 用 does 时动词还原形，some 变 any 记心间， and 变 or 别弄乱，否定句就全写对！ 否定句专项口诀： 有 am/is/are，否定 not 后面加； 无 am/is/are，找 do/does 来当家； 三单用 does，其他都用 do； 用了 do/does，动词变原形； some 变 any，and 变 or， 否定句就完成了！ 六、分层练习题（共30题） 🔰 基础层（第1-10题）——考查陈述句肯定与否定基本判断，be 动词与实义动词区分 1. I ________ a student. I ________ a teacher. A. am; am not B. am not; am C. is; isn't D. are; aren't 答案：A 解析：本题考查陈述句肯定式与否定式。I 与 am 连用，肯定为 I am；否定为 I am not。故选 A。 2. My sister ________ a new bike. She ________ an old one. A. have; doesn't have B. has; doesn't have C. has; don't have D. have; don't have 答案：B 解析：My sister 为三单，肯定句用 has；否定句用 doesn't + 原形 have。故选 B。 3. They ________ in the classroom. They ________ in the library. A. are; aren't B. are; are C. are; are not D. is; isn't 答案：A 解析：They 为复数，肯定用 are；否定用 aren't。句意为“他们在教室里，不在图书馆”，故选 A。 4. I ________ eggs for breakfast. I ________ bread. A. like; don't like B. likes; doesn't like C. like; doesn't like D. likes; don't like 答案：A 解析：I 为非三单，肯定用 like；否定用 don't + 原形 like。故选 A。 5. She ________ to school by bus. She ________ by bike. A. go; don't go B. goes; doesn't go C. go; doesn't go D. goes; don't go 答案：B 解析：She 为三单，肯定用 goes；否定用 doesn't + 原形 go。故选 B。 6. We ________ happy today. We ________ sad. A. are; aren't B. is; isn't C. are; are D. am; am not 答案：A 解析：We 为复数，肯定用 are；否定用 aren't。故选 A。 7. Tom ________ football after school. He ________ basketball. A. play; doesn't play B. plays; doesn't play C. plays; don't play D. play; don't play 答案：B 解析：Tom 为三单，肯定用 plays；否定用 doesn't + 原形 play。故选 B。 8. My parents ________ at home now. They ________ at work. A. is; isn't B. are; aren't C. are; are D. is; is 答案：B 解析：My parents 为复数，肯定用 are；否定用 aren't。故选 B。 9. I ________ milk, but my sister ________ it. A. like; don't like B. like; doesn't like C. likes; doesn't like D. likes; don't like 答案：B 解析：I 为非三单，like 不变；my sister 为三单，否定用 doesn't + 原形 like。故选 B。 10. She ________ her homework in the evening. She ________ it in the morning. A. do; don't do B. does; doesn't do C. do; doesn't do D. does; don't do 答案：B 解析：She 为三单，肯定用 does；否定用 doesn't + 原形 do。注意 do 作实义动词时，does 既是助动词也是实义动词。故选 B。 📈 进阶层（第11-20题）——综合考查 some 变 any、and 变 or 及否定句中的动词还原 11. I have ________ apples, but I don't have ________ oranges. A. some; some B. any; any C. some; any D. any; some 答案：C 解析：本题考查肯定句用 some，否定句用 any。第一空为肯定句，用 some；第二空为否定句，用 any。故选 C。 12. She likes apples ________ oranges, but she doesn't like bananas ________ pears. A. and; and B. or; or C. and; or D. or; and 答案：C 解析：肯定句中连接并列成分用 and；否定句中用 or。故选 C。 13. We ________ any milk at home. We need to buy some. A. don't have B. doesn't have C. haven't D. have not 答案：A 解析：We 为非三单，否定用 don't + 原形 have。句中有 any 暗示是否定句。故选 A。 14. My brother ________ TV every day, but he ________ computer games. A. watch; doesn't play B. watches; doesn't play C. watches; don't play D. watch; don't play 答案：B 解析：brother 为三单，肯定 watch 加-es → watches；否定用 doesn't + 原形 play。故选 B。 15. She ________ any money. She is very poor. A. doesn't has B. don't have C. doesn't have D. not have 答案：C 解析：She 为三单，否定用 doesn't + 原形 have（不能写成 doesn't has）。故选 C。 16. There ________ any water in the bottle. A. is B. isn't C. are D. aren't 答案：B 解析：water 为不可数名词，be 动词用 is；any 用于否定句或疑问句，此处为否定句，故用 isn't。故选 B。 17. Tom and Jerry ________ good friends. They ________ each other. A. is; like B. are; like C. are; likes D. is; likes 答案：B 解析：Tom and Jerry 为复数，用 are；They 为非三单，like 用原形。故选 B。 18. My mother ________ vegetables, but my father ________. A. like; doesn't B. likes; doesn't C. like; don't D. likes; don't 答案：B 解析：mother 为三单，肯定用 likes；father 为三单，否定简略回答用 doesn't（代替 doesn't like vegetables）。故选 B。 19. I ________ any brothers ________ sisters. I'm the only child. A. have; and B. don't have; and C. have; or D. don't have; or 答案：D 解析：否定句用 don't have；并列否定用 or 连接。故选 D。 20. His father ________ a teacher. He ________ in a hospital. A. isn't; work B. isn't; works C. is; work D. doesn't; works 答案：B 解析：第一空 father 为单数，否定用 isn't；第二空 He 为三单，肯定用 works。故选 B。 🏆 挑战层（第21-30题）——中考真题风格，综合性强，含各类陈述句结构辨析 21. I ________ a new pen, but my sister ________ one. A. have; doesn't have B. have; don't have C. has; doesn't have D. has; don't have 答案：A 解析：I 非三单，肯定用 have；sister 三单，否定用 doesn't + 原形 have。故选 A。 22. She ________ to school on foot. She ________ by bus. A. go; doesn't go B. goes; doesn't go C. goes; don't go D. go; don't go 答案：B 解析：She 为三单，肯定用 goes；否定用 doesn't + 原形 go。故选 B。 23. There ________ some milk in the fridge, but there ________ any eggs. A. is; isn't B. are; aren't C. is; aren't D. are; isn't 答案：C 解析：milk 不可数，用 is；eggs 复数，否定用 aren't。故选 C。 24. My friends ________ like swimming. They ________ running. A. don't; like B. doesn't; like C. don't; likes D. doesn't; likes 答案：A 解析：My friends 为复数，否定用 don't；They 为非三单，like 用原形。故选 A。 25. The little girl ________ any help. She can do it herself. A. doesn't need B. don't need C. needn't D. not need 答案：A 解析：girl 为三单，否定用 doesn't + 原形 need。故选 A。（need 作实义动词时，否定借助 doesn't） 26. My uncle ________ in Beijing. He ________ in Shanghai. A. live; doesn't live B. lives; doesn't live C. lives; don't live D. live; don't live 答案：B 解析：uncle 为三单，肯定用 lives；否定用 doesn't + 原形 live。故选 B。 27. I ________ any coffee, but I ________ some tea. A. don't have; have B. doesn't have; has C. don't have; has D. doesn't have; have 答案：A 解析：I 非三单，否定用 don't + 原形 have；肯定用原形 have。故选 A。 28. That boy ________ a new bike. He ________ an old one. A. has; doesn't have B. have; doesn't have C. has; don't have D. have; don't have 答案：A 解析：That boy 为三单，肯定用 has；否定用 doesn't + 原形 have。故选 A。 29. The students ________ any homework today, so they ________ happy. A. don't have; are B. doesn't have; are C. don't have; is D. doesn't have; is 答案：A 解析：students 复数，否定用 don't + 原形 have；they 复数，用 are。故选 A。 30. My mother ________ eggs for breakfast, but I ________. I like bread. A. likes; don't B. like; don't C. likes; doesn't D. like; doesn't 答案：A 解析：mother 三单，肯定用 likes；I 非三单，否定简略回答用 don't（代替 don't like eggs）。故选 A。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $