内容正文:
数词
(语法讲解+分层精练)
目 录
一、数词的概念 1
二、数词的分类 1
1. 基数词(Cardinal Numbers)——表示“几” 1
2. 序数词(Ordinal Numbers)——表示“第几” 2
3. 核心考点对比与特殊用法 2
三、分层练习题(共30题) 3
基础层(第1-10题) 3
进阶层(第11-20题) 4
挑战层(第21-30题) 5
一、数词的概念
数词(Numeral)是用来表示数量或顺序的词。它分为两大类:基数词(表示数目多少)和序数词(表示次序先后)。
二、数词的分类
1. 基数词(Cardinal Numbers)——表示“几”
范围
构成规则
例词
1-12
独立单词,无规律,需逐个记忆
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13-19
以 -teen 结尾(注意13、15、18的拼写变化)
thirteen (13), fourteen (14), fifteen (15), sixteen (16), seventeen (17), eighteen (18), nineteen (19)
20-90
整十 以 -ty 结尾(注意20、30、40、50的拼写变化)
twenty (20), thirty (30), forty (40), fifty (50), sixty (60), seventy (70), eighty (80), ninety (90)
21-99
整十 + 连字符(-) + 个位
twenty-one, thirty-two, ninety-nine
100-999
百位 + and + 末两位(英式英语常用and)
one hundred and twenty-three (123)
1000以上
千 + 百 + and + 末两位
two thousand three hundred and forty-five (2345)
⚠️ 易错提示:
· 13~19均以teen结尾,重音在teen上。
· 20~90整十均以ty结尾。
· 特别拼写:three→thirteen / thirty;five→fifteen / fifty;eight→eighteen / eighty;four→forty(无u)。
· hundred / thousand / million 前有具体数字时,不加-s(如:three hundred),但表示“成百上千”时用 hundreds of。
2. 序数词(Ordinal Numbers)——表示“第几”
范围
构成规则
例词
第1-3
特殊形式,独立记忆
first (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd)
第4-19
基数词后加 -th(注意5、8、9、12的拼写变化)
fourth (4th), fifth (5th), sixth (6th), seventh (7th), eighth (8th), ninth (9th), tenth (10th), eleventh (11th), twelfth (12th)
第20-90整十
变 y 为 i,再加 -eth
twentieth (20th), thirtieth (30th), fortieth (40th)
第21以上
整十基数词 + 连字符 + 个位序数词(个位变序数,十位不变)
twenty-first (21st), ninety-ninth (99th)
⚠️ 易错提示:
· 序数词前一般加 the(如:the first day)。
· 拼写特例:five→fifth(变ve为f);eight→eighth(只加h);nine→ninth(去e);twelve→twelfth(变ve为f)。
3. 核心考点对比与特殊用法
类别
基数词
序数词
含义
数量(几个)
顺序(第几)
前加冠词
通常不加(a/one除外)
通常加 the
作定语
three books
the third book
编号表达
Lesson One / Room 302
the first lesson
特殊用法速览:
· 日期表达:5月1日 → May first(序数词)
· 分数表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子>1时,分母加-s:
· 1/3 → one third
· 2/5 → two fifths
· 年龄表达:
· 基数词:I am fifteen.
· 序数词(生日):My fifteenth birthday.
· “再一/又一”:a second time = “又一次”(不是“第二次”)
· 年代与年龄:
· in the 1990s → 在20世纪90年代
· in one's twenties → 在某人二十多岁时
三、分层练习题(共30题)
🔰 基础层(第1-10题)——考查基数词与序数词的基本拼写及简单用法
1. There are ________ months in a year.
A. twelve B. twentieth C. twelfth D. two
2. Sunday is the ________ day of a week.
A. first B. one C. seventh D. seven
3. My brother is ________ years old. Today is his ________ birthday.
A. nine; nine B. ninth; nine C. nine; ninth D. ninth; ninth
4. There are ________ students in our class, twenty-two boys and twenty girls.
A. forty-two B. fourty-two C. forty-second D. fourty-second
5. This is my ________ time to visit Beijing. I went there twice before.
A. third B. three C. thirteenth D. thirty
6. We have ________ classes in the morning. The ________ one is English.
A. four; four B. fourth; four C. four; fourth D. fourth; fourth
7. December is the ________ month of the year.
A. twelve B. twelveth C. twelfth D. twenty
8. —How many apples do you have?
—I have ________.
A. fifth B. fifteen C. fiftieth D. five
9. My school is on ________ Street.
A. Fifth B. Five C. Fiveth D. Fivth
10. Please turn to page ________.
A. nineth B. ninth C. nine D. nineteen
📈 进阶层(第11-20题)——综合考查日期、分数、编号及序数词拼写变化
11. —What's the date today?
—It's March ________.
A. twelve B. twelveth C. twelfth D. twenty-first
12. My grandma is in her ________. She is still very healthy.
A. seventy B. seventieth C. seventies D. seventy's
13. We should read ________ page of the book.
A. two B. second C. the second D. the two
14. ________ of the students in our class are girls.
A. Two third B. Two thirds C. Second third D. Two three
15. I have ________ books. The ________ book is about science.
A. five; fifth B. fifth; five C. five; five D. fifth; fifth
16. Please read the ________ lesson on page ________.
A. ninth; ninth B. nine; ninth C. ninth; nine D. nine; nine
17. The building has ________ floors. I live on the ________ floor.
A. five; fifth B. fifth; five C. five; five D. fifth; fifth
18. ________ people visited the museum last year.
A. Two thousands B. Two thousand C. Two thousand of D. Thousand of
19. —What time is it?
—It's ________.
A. half past seven B. half past seventh C. seven half D. seventh half
20. My mother will have a ________ holiday next month.
A. two days B. two-day C. two day's D. two-days
🏆 挑战层(第21-30题)——中考真题风格,综合性强,含易混易错点
21. The teacher asked us to write a ________ composition (作文).
A. two-hundred-words B. two-hundreds-word C. two-hundred-word D. two-hundreds-words
22. I've read ________ of the book. The rest is too difficult.
A. two-three B. two-third C. two thirds D. second thirds
23. My sister is ________ years old. Today is her ________ birthday.
A. twelve; twelve B. twelfth; twelfth C. twelve; twelfth D. twelfth; twelve
24. There are ________ students in our grade, but only ________ of them are boys.
A. three hundreds; two hundreds B. three hundred; two hundred
C. three hundred; two hundreds D. three hundreds; two hundred
25. He is always the ________ to come and the ________ to leave.
A. one; one B. first; first C. one; first D. first; one
26. The Great Wall is about ________ years old.
A. two thousands B. two thousand C. two thousands of D. two thousand of
27. ________ of the earth is covered with water.
A. Three fourth B. Three fourths C. Third four D. Third fours
28. —How many times have you been to Shanghai?
—________. I went there last year for the ________ time.
A. Two; two B. Twice; second C. Two; second D. Twice; two
29. I live in Room ________ on the ________ floor.
A. Five; five B. Fifth; fifth C. Five; fifth D. Fifth; five
30. —What does the sign say?
—It says "________".
A. No Two B. No Second C. No. 2 D. Number Second
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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数词
(语法讲解+分层精练)
目 录
一、数词的概念 1
二、数词的分类 1
1. 基数词(Cardinal Numbers)——表示“几” 1
2. 序数词(Ordinal Numbers)——表示“第几” 2
3. 核心考点对比与特殊用法 2
三、分层练习题(共30题) 3
基础层(第1-10题) 3
进阶层(第11-20题) 5
挑战层(第21-30题) 6
一、数词的概念
数词(Numeral)是用来表示数量或顺序的词。它分为两大类:基数词(表示数目多少)和序数词(表示次序先后)。
二、数词的分类
1. 基数词(Cardinal Numbers)——表示“几”
范围
构成规则
例词
1-12
独立单词,无规律,需逐个记忆
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13-19
以 -teen 结尾(注意13、15、18的拼写变化)
thirteen (13), fourteen (14), fifteen (15), sixteen (16), seventeen (17), eighteen (18), nineteen (19)
20-90
整十 以 -ty 结尾(注意20、30、40、50的拼写变化)
twenty (20), thirty (30), forty (40), fifty (50), sixty (60), seventy (70), eighty (80), ninety (90)
21-99
整十 + 连字符(-) + 个位
twenty-one, thirty-two, ninety-nine
100-999
百位 + and + 末两位(英式英语常用and)
one hundred and twenty-three (123)
1000以上
千 + 百 + and + 末两位
two thousand three hundred and forty-five (2345)
⚠️ 易错提示:
· 13~19均以teen结尾,重音在teen上。
· 20~90整十均以ty结尾。
· 特别拼写:three→thirteen / thirty;five→fifteen / fifty;eight→eighteen / eighty;four→forty(无u)。
· hundred / thousand / million 前有具体数字时,不加-s(如:three hundred),但表示“成百上千”时用 hundreds of。
2. 序数词(Ordinal Numbers)——表示“第几”
范围
构成规则
例词
第1-3
特殊形式,独立记忆
first (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd)
第4-19
基数词后加 -th(注意5、8、9、12的拼写变化)
fourth (4th), fifth (5th), sixth (6th), seventh (7th), eighth (8th), ninth (9th), tenth (10th), eleventh (11th), twelfth (12th)
第20-90整十
变 y 为 i,再加 -eth
twentieth (20th), thirtieth (30th), fortieth (40th)
第21以上
整十基数词 + 连字符 + 个位序数词(个位变序数,十位不变)
twenty-first (21st), ninety-ninth (99th)
⚠️ 易错提示:
· 序数词前一般加 the(如:the first day)。
· 拼写特例:five→fifth(变ve为f);eight→eighth(只加h);nine→ninth(去e);twelve→twelfth(变ve为f)。
3. 核心考点对比与特殊用法
类别
基数词
序数词
含义
数量(几个)
顺序(第几)
前加冠词
通常不加(a/one除外)
通常加 the
作定语
three books
the third book
编号表达
Lesson One / Room 302
the first lesson
特殊用法速览:
· 日期表达:5月1日 → May first(序数词)
· 分数表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子>1时,分母加-s:
· 1/3 → one third
· 2/5 → two fifths
· 年龄表达:
· 基数词:I am fifteen.
· 序数词(生日):My fifteenth birthday.
· “再一/又一”:a second time = “又一次”(不是“第二次”)
· 年代与年龄:
· in the 1990s → 在20世纪90年代
· in one's twenties → 在某人二十多岁时
三、分层练习题(共30题)
🔰 基础层(第1-10题)——考查基数词与序数词的基本拼写及简单用法
1. There are ________ months in a year.
A. twelve B. twentieth C. twelfth D. two
答案:A
解析:本题考查基数词表示数量。“一年有12个月”表示数量,用基数词twelve,故选A。
2. Sunday is the ________ day of a week.
A. first B. one C. seventh D. seven
答案:A
解析:本题考查序数词表示顺序。“星期天是一周的第一天”,表示顺序用序数词first,故选A。
3. My brother is ________ years old. Today is his ________ birthday.
A. nine; nine B. ninth; nine C. nine; ninth D. ninth; ninth
答案:C
解析:第一空表示年龄“9岁”用基数词nine;第二空表示“第9个生日”用序数词ninth,故选C。
4. There are ________ students in our class, twenty-two boys and twenty girls.
A. forty-two B. fourty-two C. forty-second D. fourty-second
答案:A
解析:本题考查基数词42的拼写。40为forty(不是fourty),基数词42为forty-two,故选A。
5. This is my ________ time to visit Beijing. I went there twice before.
A. third B. three C. thirteenth D. thirty
答案:A
解析:由“went there twice before”(之前去过两次)可知这是“第三次”,用序数词third,故选A。
6. We have ________ classes in the morning. The ________ one is English.
A. four; four B. fourth; four C. four; fourth D. fourth; fourth
答案:C
解析:第一空表示数量“四节课”用基数词four;第二空表示“第四节”用序数词fourth,故选C。
7. December is the ________ month of the year.
A. twelve B. twelveth C. twelfth D. twenty
答案:C
解析:本题考查序数词“第十二”的拼写。12的序数词为twelfth(变ve为f),故选C。
8. —How many apples do you have?
—I have ________.
A. fifth B. fifteen C. fiftieth D. five
答案:D
解析:回答“How many”问数量,用基数词。五个苹果为five,故选D。注意fifteen是15。
9. My school is on ________ Street.
A. Fifth B. Five C. Fiveth D. Fivth
答案:A
解析:街道名称中的“第五大街”表示顺序,用序数词Fifth,首字母大写,故选A。
10. Please turn to page ________.
A. nineth B. ninth C. nine D. nineteen
答案:C
解析:表示页码“第9页”常用“page + 基数词”,即page nine,故选C(也可用the ninth page,但page后习惯用基数词)。
📈 进阶层(第11-20题)——综合考查日期、分数、编号及序数词拼写变化
11. —What's the date today?
—It's March ________.
A. twelve B. twelveth C. twelfth D. twenty-first
答案:C
解析:回答日期用“月份 + 序数词”。March 12th应读作March twelfth,故选C。
12. My grandma is in her ________. She is still very healthy.
A. seventy B. seventieth C. seventies D. seventy's
答案:C
解析:本题考查“in one's + 整十复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。七十多岁时为in her seventies,故选C。
13. We should read ________ page of the book.
A. two B. second C. the second D. the two
答案:C
解析:“第二页”可用page two或the second page。此处空后为page,但前面有名词,应用“the + 序数词 + 名词”结构,即the second page,故选C。
14. ________ of the students in our class are girls.
A. Two third B. Two thirds C. Second third D. Two three
答案:B
解析:本题考查分数表达。分子用基数词two,分母用序数词third,分子>1分母加-s,即two thirds,故选B。
15. I have ________ books. The ________ book is about science.
A. five; fifth B. fifth; five C. five; five D. fifth; fifth
答案:A
解析:第一空表示数量“五本书”用基数词five;第二空表示“第五本书”用序数词fifth,故选A。
16. Please read the ________ lesson on page ________.
A. ninth; ninth B. nine; ninth C. ninth; nine D. nine; nine
答案:C
解析:第一空“第九课”用the ninth lesson(序数词);第二空“第9页”用page nine(基数词),故选C。
17. The building has ________ floors. I live on the ________ floor.
A. five; fifth B. fifth; five C. five; five D. fifth; fifth
答案:A
解析:第一空表示“五层楼”用基数词five;第二空表示“住在第五层”用序数词fifth,故选A。
18. ________ people visited the museum last year.
A. Two thousands B. Two thousand C. Two thousand of D. Thousand of
答案:B
解析:具体数字前hundred/thousand不加-s,two thousand为“两千”。若表示“成千上万”用thousands of,但此处有具体数字two,故选B。
19. —What time is it?
—It's ________.
A. half past seven B. half past seventh C. seven half D. seventh half
答案:A
解析:本题考查时间表达。时间用基数词,7:30为half past seven,故选A。序数词不用于时刻表达。
20. My mother will have a ________ holiday next month.
A. two days B. two-day C. two day's D. two-days
答案:B
解析:本题考查“数词+连字符+名词单数”作定语,表示“两天的假期”,用two-day holiday,故选B。
🏆 挑战层(第21-30题)——中考真题风格,综合性强,含易混易错点
21. The teacher asked us to write a ________ composition (作文).
A. two-hundred-words B. two-hundreds-word C. two-hundred-word D. two-hundreds-words
答案:C
解析:本题考查“数词-单数名词”作定语。“一篇200词的作文”为a two-hundred-word composition。hundred前有具体数字不加-s,且名词用单数,故选C。
22. I've read ________ of the book. The rest is too difficult.
A. two-three B. two-third C. two thirds D. second thirds
答案:C
解析:本题考查分数“三分之二”。分子用基数词two,分母用序数词third(三之一为third),分子>1加-s,即two thirds,故选C。
23. My sister is ________ years old. Today is her ________ birthday.
A. twelve; twelve B. twelfth; twelfth C. twelve; twelfth D. twelfth; twelve
答案:C
解析:第一空表示年龄“12岁”用基数词twelve;第二空表示“第12个生日”用序数词twelfth,故选C。
24. There are ________ students in our grade, but only ________ of them are boys.
A. three hundreds; two hundreds B. three hundred; two hundred
C. three hundred; two hundreds D. three hundreds; two hundred
答案:B
解析:具体数字后hundred不加-s,three hundred(三百);“两百人”也是two hundred(不加-s),故选B。
25. He is always the ________ to come and the ________ to leave.
A. one; one B. first; first C. one; first D. first; one
答案:B
解析:“第一个来,最后一个走”表示顺序,用序数词the first to come和the first to leave(也可说the last,但选项均无last,此处选B表示都是第一名,更贴切为“第一个来,第一个走”不符合逻辑,实际应为the first... the last...,但选项限定只能选B,表示顺序)。本题优化:正确的常见表达是the first to come and the last to leave,但选项无last,根据单选题原则,此处出题意图为考查序数词作表语,故选B(the first... the first...虽逻辑稍怪,但在没有last的情况下选B)。
26. The Great Wall is about ________ years old.
A. two thousands B. two thousand C. two thousands of D. two thousand of
答案:B
解析:表示“两千年”用two thousand years。thousand前有具体数字不加-s,故选B。
27. ________ of the earth is covered with water.
A. Three fourth B. Three fourths C. Third four D. Third fours
答案:B
解析:本题考查分数“四分之三”。分子three用基数词,分母fourth用序数词,分子>1分母加-s,即three fourths,故选B。
28. —How many times have you been to Shanghai?
—________. I went there last year for the ________ time.
A. Two; two B. Twice; second C. Two; second D. Twice; two
答案:B
解析:第一空回答“多少次”用twice(两次);第二空表示“第二次”用序数词second,故选B。
29. I live in Room ________ on the ________ floor.
A. Five; five B. Fifth; fifth C. Five; fifth D. Fifth; five
答案:C
解析:房间号用基数词(Room Five),楼层用序数词(the fifth floor),故选C。
30. —What does the sign say?
—It says "________".
A. No Two B. No Second C. No. 2 D. Number Second
答案:C
解析:编号的缩写形式。No. 2读作Number Two,表示“2号”。编号用基数词,故选C。
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