2026-2027学年人教版七年级英语上册同步语法讲解（存现句）

存现句 （There be句型） （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、存现句的概念 1 二、一般现在时中存现句的四种句式 1 1. 肯定式 1 2. 否定式 2 3. 一般疑问式 2 4. 简略回答 2 三、存现句与have/has的区别 2 四、存现句中的注意事项 3 1. 地点状语的位置 3 2. some 与 any 3 3. 可数名词单复数 3 4. There is 的缩写 3 五、分层练习题（共30题） 3 基础层（第1-10题） 3 进阶层（第11-20题） 4 挑战层（第21-30题） 5 一、存现句的概念 存现句（即 There be 句型）是用来表示某处存在某人或某物的句子。其基本结构为： There + be动词（is/are）+ 名词 + 地点状语 它表达的是“在……（地方）有……（人或物）”，强调“存在”，而非“拥有”。 二、一般现在时中存现句的四种句式 1. 肯定式 结构 示例 There is + 可数名词单数/不可数名词 + 地点状语 There is a book on the desk. There are + 可数名词复数 + 地点状语 There are some apples in the basket. ⚠️ 就近原则：当There be后面有多个并列名词时，be动词与最近的那个名词在数上保持一致。 · There is a pen and two books on the desk. （最近的是 a pen，单数，用is） · There are two books and a pen on the desk. （最近的是 two books，复数，用are） 2. 否定式 在be动词（is/are）后面加 not，也可用缩写 isn't / aren't。 结构 示例 There is not / isn't + 名词 + 地点状语 There isn't any water in the bottle. There are not / aren't + 名词 + 地点状语 There aren't any students in the classroom. ⚠️ 否定句中的some要变为any（如上述示例）。 3. 一般疑问式 将 Is / Are 提到句首，后面加 there，句末加问号。 结构 示例 Is there + 单数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语？ Is there a library near here? Are there + 复数名词 + 地点状语？ Are there any books on the shelf? 4. 简略回答 疑问 肯定回答 否定回答 Is there ...? Yes, there is. No, there isn't. Are there ...? Yes, there are. No, there aren't. 注意：回答时主语用 there，不能用人称代词（如it/they）。 三、存现句与have/has的区别 句型 含义 用法 示例 There be 某处存在…… 强调“存在” There is a book on the table.（桌子上有本书） have / has 某人拥有…… 强调“所属” I have a book.（我有一本书） 简记：There be 表存在，have/has 表拥有。 四、存现句中的注意事项 1. 地点状语的位置：通常放在句末，也可放在句首（但七年级通常放句末）。 2. some 与 any： · 肯定句中用 some； · 否定句和疑问句中用 any。 · 但在表示建议、请求的疑问句中（如 Would you like...?）仍可用 some，不过七年级暂不涉及。 3. 可数名词单复数： · 单数或不可数用 is； · 复数用 are。 4. There is 的缩写：There's（但 There are 一般不缩写为 There're，少用）。 五、分层练习题（共30题） 🔰 基础层（第1-10题）——考查 There be 基本结构、单复数及简单否定/疑问 1. There ________ a big tree in front of our school. A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. There ________ some water in the glass. A. is B. are C. am D. be 3. There ________ two cats under the chair. A. is B. are C. am D. be 4. —Is there a post office near here? —________. It's on Center Street. A. Yes, there is B. No, there isn't C. Yes, it is D. No, it isn't 5. There ________ any milk in the fridge. Let's buy some. A. is B. isn't C. are D. aren't 6. —Are there any students in the classroom? —No, ________. They are on the playground. A. there aren't B. there isn't C. they aren't D. they don't 7. There ________ a pen and two pencils in the pencil box. A. is B. are C. am D. be 8. There ________ some books and a ruler on the desk. A. is B. are C. am D. be 9. —________ there a supermarket near your home? —Yes, there ________. A. Is; is B. Are; are C. Is; isn't D. Are; aren't 10. There ________ some orange juice in the cup. A. is B. are C. have D. has 📈 进阶层（第11-20题）——综合考查 some/any 变化、就近原则及与 have/has 的区分 11. There ________ any water in the bottle. Could you get some for me? A. is B. isn't C. are D. aren't 12. There are ________ apples on the table, but there aren't ________ bananas. A. some; some B. some; any C. any; some D. any; any 13. —Is there ________ meat in the soup? —Yes, there is ________. A. some; some B. any; any C. some; any D. any; some 14. There ________ a book and three pens on the desk, but there ________ any pencils. A. is; isn't B. are; aren't C. is; aren't D. are; isn't 15. My sister ________ a new bike, and there ________ some flowers in the garden. A. has; is B. have; are C. has; are D. have; is 16. There ________ a football match on TV tonight. A. is B. are C. have D. has 17. —How many students ________ there in your class? —There ________ forty. A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is 18. There isn't ________ milk in the fridge, but there is ________ juice. A. some; some B. any; any C. some; any D. any; some 19. There ________ a cat and two dogs in the yard. They are sleeping. A. is B. are C. am D. be 20. —Are there any flowers in the garden? —Yes, ________. They are very beautiful. A. there are B. there is C. they are D. it is 🏆 挑战层（第21-30题）——中考真题风格，综合考查存现句的语境运用、主谓一致及与 have/has 混合辨析 21. There ________ a lot of news about the sports meeting on the Internet. A. is B. are C. have D. has 22. There ________ some old people in the park every morning. They do morning exercises. A. is B. are C. have D. has 23. —Is there a bank near here? —________, but there is a hotel. A. Yes, there is B. No, there isn't C. Yes, it is D. No, it isn't 24. There ________ a pair of shoes under the bed. ________ shoes are new. A. is; The B. are; The C. is; A D. are; A 25. ________ there any rice in the bowl? Let me see. A. Is B. Are C. Do D. Does 26. There ________ many people in the hall, so it's very crowded. A. is B. are C. have D. has 27. —________ there any vegetables in the soup? —Yes, ________ some carrots. A. Is; there is B. Are; there are C. Do; there have D. Does; there has 28. There ________ a desk and two chairs in the room, but there ________ any computers. A. is; isn't B. are; aren't C. is; aren't D. are; isn't 29. My parents ________ a big house. There ________ a garden and a swimming pool in it. A. have; is B. has; are C. have; are D. has; is 30. —How much milk ________ there in the bottle? —Only a little. A. is B. are C. has D. have 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 存现句 （There be句型） （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、存现句的概念 1 二、一般现在时中存现句的四种句式 1 1. 肯定式 1 2. 否定式 2 3. 一般疑问式 2 4. 简略回答 2 三、存现句与have/has的区别 2 四、存现句中的注意事项 2 1. 地点状语的位置 2 2. some 与 any 2 3. 可数名词单复数 3 4. There is 的缩写 3 五、分层练习题（共30题） 3 基础层（第1-10题） 3 进阶层（第11-20题） 4 挑战层（第21-30题） 6 一、存现句的概念 存现句（即 There be 句型）是用来表示某处存在某人或某物的句子。其基本结构为： There + be动词（is/are）+ 名词 + 地点状语 它表达的是“在……（地方）有……（人或物）”，强调“存在”，而非“拥有”。 二、一般现在时中存现句的四种句式 1. 肯定式 结构 示例 There is + 可数名词单数/不可数名词 + 地点状语 There is a book on the desk. There are + 可数名词复数 + 地点状语 There are some apples in the basket. ⚠️ 就近原则：当There be后面有多个并列名词时，be动词与最近的那个名词在数上保持一致。 · There is a pen and two books on the desk. （最近的是 a pen，单数，用is） · There are two books and a pen on the desk. （最近的是 two books，复数，用are） 2. 否定式 在be动词（is/are）后面加 not，也可用缩写 isn't / aren't。 结构 示例 There is not / isn't + 名词 + 地点状语 There isn't any water in the bottle. There are not / aren't + 名词 + 地点状语 There aren't any students in the classroom. ⚠️ 否定句中的some要变为any（如上述示例）。 3. 一般疑问式 将 Is / Are 提到句首，后面加 there，句末加问号。 结构 示例 Is there + 单数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语？ Is there a library near here? Are there + 复数名词 + 地点状语？ Are there any books on the shelf? 4. 简略回答 疑问 肯定回答 否定回答 Is there ...? Yes, there is. No, there isn't. Are there ...? Yes, there are. No, there aren't. 注意：回答时主语用 there，不能用人称代词（如it/they）。 三、存现句与have/has的区别 句型 含义 用法 示例 There be 某处存在…… 强调“存在” There is a book on the table.（桌子上有本书） have / has 某人拥有…… 强调“所属” I have a book.（我有一本书） 简记：There be 表存在，have/has 表拥有。 四、存现句中的注意事项 1. 地点状语的位置：通常放在句末，也可放在句首（但七年级通常放句末）。 2. some 与 any： · 肯定句中用 some； · 否定句和疑问句中用 any。 · 但在表示建议、请求的疑问句中（如 Would you like...?）仍可用 some，不过七年级暂不涉及。 3. 可数名词单复数： · 单数或不可数用 is； · 复数用 are。 4. There is 的缩写：There's（但 There are 一般不缩写为 There're，少用）。 五、分层练习题（共30题） 🔰 基础层（第1-10题）——考查 There be 基本结构、单复数及简单否定/疑问 1. There ________ a big tree in front of our school. A. is B. are C. am D. be 答案：A 解析：主语 a big tree 为单数名词，用 is。故选 A。 2. There ________ some water in the glass. A. is B. are C. am D. be 答案：A 解析：water 为不可数名词，be 动词用 is。故选 A。 3. There ________ two cats under the chair. A. is B. are C. am D. be 答案：B 解析：two cats 为复数名词，用 are。故选 B。 4. —Is there a post office near here? —________. It's on Center Street. A. Yes, there is B. No, there isn't C. Yes, it is D. No, it isn't 答案：A 解析：问句为 Is there...，肯定回答为 Yes, there is；后句说明位置，所以是肯定回答，选 A。 5. There ________ any milk in the fridge. Let's buy some. A. is B. isn't C. are D. aren't 答案：B 解析：milk 不可数，用 is；any 用于否定句，所以用 isn't。句意“冰箱里没有牛奶了”，故选 B。 6. —Are there any students in the classroom? —No, ________. They are on the playground. A. there aren't B. there isn't C. they aren't D. they don't 答案：A 解析：问句为 Are there...，否定回答用 No, there aren't。故选 A。 7. There ________ a pen and two pencils in the pencil box. A. is B. are C. am D. be 答案：A 解析：There be 遵循就近原则，最近的名词是 a pen（单数），故用 is。故选 A。 8. There ________ some books and a ruler on the desk. A. is B. are C. am D. be 答案：B 解析：最近的名词是 some books（复数），故用 are。故选 B。 9. —________ there a supermarket near your home? —Yes, there ________. A. Is; is B. Are; are C. Is; isn't D. Are; aren't 答案：A 解析：supermarket 单数，用 Is 提问；肯定回答用 Yes, there is。故选 A。 10. There ________ some orange juice in the cup. A. is B. are C. have D. has 答案：A 解析：orange juice 为不可数名词，用 is。have/has 表示所属，不用于存现句。故选 A。 📈 进阶层（第11-20题）——综合考查 some/any 变化、就近原则及与 have/has 的区分 11. There ________ any water in the bottle. Could you get some for me? A. is B. isn't C. are D. aren't 答案：B 解析：water 不可数，用 is；any 用于否定句，选 isn't。句意“瓶子里没有水了”。故选 B。 12. There are ________ apples on the table, but there aren't ________ bananas. A. some; some B. some; any C. any; some D. any; any 答案：B 解析：肯定句用 some，否定句用 any。第一空肯定，用 some；第二空否定，用 any。故选 B。 13. —Is there ________ meat in the soup? —Yes, there is ________. A. some; some B. any; any C. some; any D. any; some 答案：D 解析：疑问句中用 any；肯定回答中用 some（表示“有一些”）。故选 D。 14. There ________ a book and three pens on the desk, but there ________ any pencils. A. is; isn't B. are; aren't C. is; aren't D. are; isn't 答案：C 解析：第一空最近的是 a book（单数），用 is；第二空 pencils 复数，否定用 aren't。故选 C。 15. My sister ________ a new bike, and there ________ some flowers in the garden. A. has; is B. have; are C. has; are D. have; is 答案：C 解析：第一空表示“拥有”，主语 My sister 三单，用 has；第二空表示“存在”，flowers 复数，用 are。故选 C。 16. There ________ a football match on TV tonight. A. is B. are C. have D. has 答案：A 解析：a football match 单数，用 is。此处表示“将有”，但七年级一般用 there is 表示存在。故选 A。 17. —How many students ________ there in your class? —There ________ forty. A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is 答案：B 解析：students 复数，问句用 Are there；回答 forty（复数），用 there are。故选 B。 18. There isn't ________ milk in the fridge, but there is ________ juice. A. some; some B. any; any C. some; any D. any; some 答案：D 解析：否定句用 any；肯定句用 some。故选 D。 19. There ________ a cat and two dogs in the yard. They are sleeping. A. is B. are C. am D. be 答案：A 解析：就近原则，最近的是 a cat（单数），用 is。故选 A。 20. —Are there any flowers in the garden? —Yes, ________. They are very beautiful. A. there are B. there is C. they are D. it is 答案：A 解析：问句为 Are there...，肯定回答为 Yes, there are。故选 A。 🏆 挑战层（第21-30题）——中考真题风格，综合考查存现句的语境运用、主谓一致及与 have/has 混合辨析 21. There ________ a lot of news about the sports meeting on the Internet. A. is B. are C. have D. has 答案：A 解析：news 为不可数名词，be 动词用 is。注意“a lot of”修饰不可数名词时谓语仍用单数。故选 A。 22. There ________ some old people in the park every morning. They do morning exercises. A. is B. are C. have D. has 答案：B 解析：old people 为复数，用 are。句意“每天早上公园里有一些老人”。故选 B。 23. —Is there a bank near here? —________, but there is a hotel. A. Yes, there is B. No, there isn't C. Yes, it is D. No, it isn't 答案：B 解析：后句说“有一家旅馆”，说明没有银行，所以否定回答用 No, there isn't。故选 B。 24. There ________ a pair of shoes under the bed. ________ shoes are new. A. is; The B. are; The C. is; A D. are; A 答案：A 解析：a pair of shoes 中心词为 pair（单数），用 is；第二空特指那双鞋，用 The。故选 A。 25. ________ there any rice in the bowl? Let me see. A. Is B. Are C. Do D. Does 答案：A 解析：rice 不可数，be 动词用 Is。故选 A。 26. There ________ many people in the hall, so it's very crowded. A. is B. are C. have D. has 答案：B 解析：many people 为复数，用 are。故选 B。 27. —________ there any vegetables in the soup? —Yes, ________ some carrots. A. Is; there is B. Are; there are C. Do; there have D. Does; there has 答案：B 解析：vegetables 复数，用 Are there；肯定回答用 there are。故选 B。 28. There ________ a desk and two chairs in the room, but there ________ any computers. A. is; isn't B. are; aren't C. is; aren't D. are; isn't 答案：C 解析：第一空最近的是 a desk（单数），用 is；第二空 computers 复数，否定用 aren't。故选 C。 29. My parents ________ a big house. There ________ a garden and a swimming pool in it. A. have; is B. has; are C. have; are D. has; is 答案：A 解析：第一空 parents 复数，用 have（拥有）；第二空最近的是 a garden（单数），用 is。故选 A。 30. —How much milk ________ there in the bottle? —Only a little. A. is B. are C. has D. have 答案：A 解析：milk 不可数，用 is。How much 问不可数数量，故选 A。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $