2026-2027学年人教版七年级英语上册同步语法讲解（介词）

介词 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、介词的概念 1 二、表示时间的介词（at / in / on） 1 三、表示地点的介词（方位与位置） 2 四、介词的固定搭配（与其他词连用） 2 1. 动词 + 介词（动词短语） 2 2. 形容词 + 介词 3 3. 名词 + 介词 3 五、分层练习题（共30题） 3 基础层（第1-10题） 3 进阶层（第11-20题） 4 挑战层（第21-30题） 5 一、介词的概念 介词（Preposition）是用于表示名词、代词与句子中其他词之间关系的词。它不能单独使用，必须与名词或代词（构成介词短语）一起在句中作状语、定语或表语。 常见介词分类：表示时间、地点、方位、方式等。同一个介词在不同语境下可有不同用法（如 in 可表时间也可表地点）。 二、表示时间的介词（at / in / on） 介词 用法 示例 at 用于具体时刻、年龄、节日（不含day） at 6:00, at noon, at night, at the age of 5, at Christmas in 用于较长时段：年/月/季节/世纪/上下午/晚上（泛指） in 2025, in July, in summer, in the morning, in the 21st century on 用于具体的某一天或某天的早/午/晚（有修饰） on Monday, on May 1st, on Sunday morning, on a cold day ⚠️ 易错点： · in the morning（√） / on Monday morning（√，有具体星期修饰） · at night（固定） / in the night（指夜间某时，少用） · at noon / at midnight 用 at 三、表示地点的介词（方位与位置） 介词 含义 示例 in 在……内部/大范围内 in the box, in Beijing, in the world on 在……表面上 on the desk, on the wall, on the floor under 在……正下方 under the chair, under the tree behind 在……后面 behind the door, behind the house in front of 在……外部前方 in front of the building in the front of 在……内部前方 in the front of the classroom next to 在……旁边（紧挨着） next to the library near 在……附近（不紧挨） near the river between 在……两者之间 between the two chairs among 在……三者及以上之间 among the students（七年级较少） beside 在……旁边 beside the window across from 在……对面 across from the park at 在……小地点/具体点 at the bus stop, at home, at school ⚠️ 易混点： · in front of（外部前方） vs in the front of（内部前方） · in the tree（外来物在树上） vs on the tree（长在树上的东西，如果实、叶子）——七年级常考！ 四、介词的固定搭配（与其他词连用） 介词常与动词、形容词、名词构成固定短语，不能按字面直译。 1. 动词 + 介词（动词短语） 短语 含义 示例 look at 看 Look at the blackboard. look for 寻找 I'm looking for my pen. listen to 听 Listen to the teacher. talk to / with 与……交谈 Don't talk with him. ask for 请求、索要 Ask for help. wait for 等待 Wait for me. thank…for… 因……感谢 Thank you for your help. play with 和……玩 / 玩…… Don't play with fire. 2. 形容词 + 介词 短语 含义 示例 be good at 擅长 She is good at English. be good with 善于应付……的 He is good with children. be busy with 忙于 I'm busy with my homework. be late for 迟到 Don't be late for school. be friendly to 对……友好 They are friendly to us. be afraid of 害怕 She is afraid of dogs. be interested in 对……感兴趣 I'm interested in music. 3. 名词 + 介词 短语 含义 示例 the way to 去……的路 the way to the park the key to ……的钥匙/答案 the key to the door the answer to ……的答案 the answer to the question 五、分层练习题（共30题） 🔰 基础层（第1-10题）——考查时间介词 at/in/on 及简单地点介词 1. We have music class ________ Friday afternoon. A. in B. on C. at D. for 2. I usually get up ________ 6:30 every day. A. in B. on C. at D. for 3. The books are ________ the desk. A. on B. in C. under D. behind 4. My birthday is ________ July. A. in B. on C. at D. for 5. The cat is ________ the chair. I can't see it. A. in B. on C. under D. beside 6. We go to school ________ Monday ________ Friday. A. from; to B. in; on C. at; in D. on; at 7. The boy is standing ________ his father and mother. A. on B. under C. between D. behind 8. I often have breakfast ________ the morning. A. at B. on C. in D. for 9. The picture is ________ the wall. A. in B. on C. under D. behind 10. We usually have a party ________ Christmas Day. A. in B. on C. at D. for 📈 进阶层（第11-20题）——综合考查地点介词辨析、固定搭配及易混点 11. The school is ________ the post office and the library. A. in B. between C. next to D. in front of 12. Don't be late ________ school again. A. to B. for C. at D. in 13. I'm looking ________ my keys. Can you help me? A. at B. for C. after D. like 14. The apples are ________ the tree. Let's pick them. A. on B. in C. under D. behind 15. —What do you often do ________ Sunday morning? —I often do my homework. A. in B. on C. at D. for 16. Thank you ________ your help. A. of B. for C. with D. to 17. The supermarket is ________ our school. We can walk there. A. next to B. between C. at D. from 18. The teacher stands ________ the classroom and teaches us. A. in front of B. in the front of C. at the front D. on the front 19. I usually go to school ________ bike, but today I go ________ foot. A. by; on B. on; by C. by; by D. on; on 20. The girl is afraid ________ dogs. She runs away when she sees them. A. at B. of C. with D. for 🏆 挑战层（第21-30题）——中考真题风格，综合性强，含多个介词辨析及固定搭配 21. —What time do you usually arrive ________ school? —________ about 7:30. A. at; At B. in; At C. at; In D. in; In 22. My mother is busy ________ housework all day. A. at B. with C. for D. in 23. The little boy is sitting ________ his mother and father. He feels safe. A. between B. among C. in D. on 24. It's very cold ________ winter in the north of China. A. in B. on C. at D. for 25. —Can you tell me the way ________ the station? —Sure. Go straight and turn left. A. to B. for C. of D. at 26. Let's listen ________ the teacher carefully. A. at B. to C. for D. with 27. My desk is ________ the window. I can see the trees outside. A. next to B. between C. behind D. in front of 28. They will have a sports meeting ________ May 1st. A. in B. on C. at D. for 29. This is a map ________ China. A. in B. of C. for D. at 30. Please wait ________ me at the school gate. A. at B. for C. with D. to 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 介词 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、介词的概念 1 二、表示时间的介词（at / in / on） 1 三、表示地点的介词（方位与位置） 2 四、介词的固定搭配（与其他词连用） 2 1. 动词 + 介词（动词短语） 2 2. 形容词 + 介词 3 3. 名词 + 介词 3 五、分层练习题（共30题） 3 基础层（第1-10题） 3 进阶层（第11-20题） 5 挑战层（第21-30题） 6 一、介词的概念 介词（Preposition）是用于表示名词、代词与句子中其他词之间关系的词。它不能单独使用，必须与名词或代词（构成介词短语）一起在句中作状语、定语或表语。 常见介词分类：表示时间、地点、方位、方式等。同一个介词在不同语境下可有不同用法（如 in 可表时间也可表地点）。 二、表示时间的介词（at / in / on） 介词 用法 示例 at 用于具体时刻、年龄、节日（不含day） at 6:00, at noon, at night, at the age of 5, at Christmas in 用于较长时段：年/月/季节/世纪/上下午/晚上（泛指） in 2025, in July, in summer, in the morning, in the 21st century on 用于具体的某一天或某天的早/午/晚（有修饰） on Monday, on May 1st, on Sunday morning, on a cold day ⚠️ 易错点： · in the morning（√） / on Monday morning（√，有具体星期修饰） · at night（固定） / in the night（指夜间某时，少用） · at noon / at midnight 用 at 三、表示地点的介词（方位与位置） 介词 含义 示例 in 在……内部/大范围内 in the box, in Beijing, in the world on 在……表面上 on the desk, on the wall, on the floor under 在……正下方 under the chair, under the tree behind 在……后面 behind the door, behind the house in front of 在……外部前方 in front of the building in the front of 在……内部前方 in the front of the classroom next to 在……旁边（紧挨着） next to the library near 在……附近（不紧挨） near the river between 在……两者之间 between the two chairs among 在……三者及以上之间 among the students（七年级较少） beside 在……旁边 beside the window across from 在……对面 across from the park at 在……小地点/具体点 at the bus stop, at home, at school ⚠️ 易混点： · in front of（外部前方） vs in the front of（内部前方） · in the tree（外来物在树上） vs on the tree（长在树上的东西，如果实、叶子）——七年级常考！ 四、介词的固定搭配（与其他词连用） 介词常与动词、形容词、名词构成固定短语，不能按字面直译。 1. 动词 + 介词（动词短语） 短语 含义 示例 look at 看 Look at the blackboard. look for 寻找 I'm looking for my pen. listen to 听 Listen to the teacher. talk to / with 与……交谈 Don't talk with him. ask for 请求、索要 Ask for help. wait for 等待 Wait for me. thank…for… 因……感谢 Thank you for your help. play with 和……玩 / 玩…… Don't play with fire. 2. 形容词 + 介词 短语 含义 示例 be good at 擅长 She is good at English. be good with 善于应付……的 He is good with children. be busy with 忙于 I'm busy with my homework. be late for 迟到 Don't be late for school. be friendly to 对……友好 They are friendly to us. be afraid of 害怕 She is afraid of dogs. be interested in 对……感兴趣 I'm interested in music. 3. 名词 + 介词 短语 含义 示例 the way to 去……的路 the way to the park the key to ……的钥匙/答案 the key to the door the answer to ……的答案 the answer to the question 五、分层练习题（共30题） 🔰 基础层（第1-10题）——考查时间介词 at/in/on 及简单地点介词 1. We have music class ________ Friday afternoon. A. in B. on C. at D. for 答案：B 解析：本题考查时间介词。“周五下午”为具体的某一天（Friday），其上午/下午/晚上用 on，故选 B。 2. I usually get up ________ 6:30 every day. A. in B. on C. at D. for 答案：C 解析：本题考查时间介词。6:30 为具体时刻，用 at，故选 C。 3. The books are ________ the desk. A. on B. in C. under D. behind 答案：A 解析：本题考查地点介词。“书在桌面上”用 on，故选 A。 4. My birthday is ________ July. A. in B. on C. at D. for 答案：A 解析：本题考查时间介词。July 为月份，用 in，故选 A。 5. The cat is ________ the chair. I can't see it. A. in B. on C. under D. beside 答案：C 解析：本题考查地点介词。“猫在椅子下面”用 under，且由“看不见”可知在下方，故选 C。 6. We go to school ________ Monday ________ Friday. A. from; to B. in; on C. at; in D. on; at 答案：A 解析：本题考查“从……到……”的介词搭配。from Monday to Friday 表示“从周一到周五”，故选 A。 7. The boy is standing ________ his father and mother. A. on B. under C. between D. behind 答案：C 解析：本题考查地点介词。“站在父母之间”用 between A and B，故选 C。 8. I often have breakfast ________ the morning. A. at B. on C. in D. for 答案：C 解析：本题考查时间介词。“在早上”为 in the morning，固定搭配，故选 C。 9. The picture is ________ the wall. A. in B. on C. under D. behind 答案：B 解析：本题考查地点介词。“画在墙表面上”用 on the wall，故选 B。注意：如果是“墙上的洞”才用 in the wall。 10. We usually have a party ________ Christmas Day. A. in B. on C. at D. for 答案：B 解析：本题考查时间介词。Christmas Day 为具体某一天（圣诞节当天），用 on。注意：at Christmas 指“圣诞节期间”，但此处有 Day，用 on。 📈 进阶层（第11-20题）——综合考查地点介词辨析、固定搭配及易混点 11. The school is ________ the post office and the library. A. in B. between C. next to D. in front of 答案：B 解析：本题考查地点介词。“学校在邮局和图书馆之间”，用 between A and B，故选 B。 12. Don't be late ________ school again. A. to B. for C. at D. in 答案：B 解析：本题考查固定搭配。be late for school 表示“上学迟到”，故选 B。 13. I'm looking ________ my keys. Can you help me? A. at B. for C. after D. like 答案：B 解析：本题考查动词+介词固定搭配。look for 表示“寻找”，句意“我在找我的钥匙”，故选 B。 14. The apples are ________ the tree. Let's pick them. A. on B. in C. under D. behind 答案：A 解析：本题考查地点介词“树上”。长在树上的东西（果实、叶子）用 on the tree，外来物（鸟、人）用 in the tree。苹果长在树上，故选 A。 15. —What do you often do ________ Sunday morning? —I often do my homework. A. in B. on C. at D. for 答案：B 解析：本题考查时间介词。“周日早上”为具体的某一天的早上，用 on Sunday morning，故选 B。 16. Thank you ________ your help. A. of B. for C. with D. to 答案：B 解析：本题考查固定搭配。thank...for... 表示“因……而感谢”，故选 B。 17. The supermarket is ________ our school. We can walk there. A. next to B. between C. at D. from 答案：A 解析：本题考查地点介词。“超市紧挨着学校”用 next to，故选 A。由“走路就能到”可推测距离很近。 18. The teacher stands ________ the classroom and teaches us. A. in front of B. in the front of C. at the front D. on the front 答案：B 解析：本题考查 in front of 与 in the front of 的区分。老师在教室内部的前面教学，用 in the front of（内部前方）。in front of 是外部前方，故选 B。 19. I usually go to school ________ bike, but today I go ________ foot. A. by; on B. on; by C. by; by D. on; on 答案：A 解析：本题考查交通方式的介词搭配。by + 交通工具（不加冠词，单数），by bike；on foot 为固定搭配“步行”，故选 A。 20. The girl is afraid ________ dogs. She runs away when she sees them. A. at B. of C. with D. for 答案：B 解析：本题考查固定搭配。be afraid of 表示“害怕”，故选 B。 🏆 挑战层（第21-30题）——中考真题风格，综合性强，含多个介词辨析及固定搭配 21. —What time do you usually arrive ________ school? —________ about 7:30. A. at; At B. in; At C. at; In D. in; In 答案：A 解析：本题考查 arrive 与时间的介词搭配。arrive at + 小地点（school 为小地点），arrive in + 大地点（如 Beijing）。第二空具体时刻 7:30 用 at。故选 A。 22. My mother is busy ________ housework all day. A. at B. with C. for D. in 答案：B 解析：本题考查固定搭配。be busy with sth. 表示“忙于某事”，故选 B。 23. The little boy is sitting ________ his mother and father. He feels safe. A. between B. among C. in D. on 答案：A 解析：本题考查地点介词。“坐在妈妈和爸爸之间”，两者之间用 between，故选 A。among 用于三者及以上。 24. It's very cold ________ winter in the north of China. A. in B. on C. at D. for 答案：A 解析：本题考查时间介词。winter 为季节，用 in，故选 A。 25. —Can you tell me the way ________ the station? —Sure. Go straight and turn left. A. to B. for C. of D. at 答案：A 解析：本题考查固定搭配。the way to + 地点表示“去……的路”，故选 A。 26. Let's listen ________ the teacher carefully. A. at B. to C. for D. with 答案：B 解析：本题考查固定搭配。listen to 表示“听”，故选 B。 27. My desk is ________ the window. I can see the trees outside. A. next to B. between C. behind D. in front of 答案：A 解析：本题考查地点介词。由“能看见外面的树”可推测桌子靠近窗户，用 next to。其他选项搭配窗户不合逻辑（behind the window 在窗后？in front of the window 在窗前但可能挡住视线，next to 最合适），故选 A。 28. They will have a sports meeting ________ May 1st. A. in B. on C. at D. for 答案：B 解析：本题考查时间介词。May 1st 为具体某一天，用 on，故选 B。 29. This is a map ________ China. A. in B. of C. for D. at 答案：B 解析：本题考查“名词+介词”固定搭配。a map of China 表示“一幅中国地图”，用 of，故选 B。 30. Please wait ________ me at the school gate. A. at B. for C. with D. to 答案：B 解析：本题考查固定搭配。wait for 表示“等待”，故选 B。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $