内容正文:
人教版七年级上册英语
Unit 2 We're Family!
重点知识梳理
新课标 · 全面提升
重点单词
重点单词讲解
重点短语
重点短语讲解
重点句型
重点句型讲解
重要知识点
重要知识点讲解
一、重点词汇(Key Vocabulary)
1. 家庭成员与称谓(Family Members)
单词
音标
词性
中文释义
family
/ˈfæmɪli/
n.
家庭;家人
parent
/ˈpeərənt/
n.
父亲或母亲
parents
/ˈpeərənts/
n.(pl.)
父母;双亲
father
/ˈfɑːðə(r)/
n.
父亲;爸爸(dad)
mother
/ˈmʌðə(r)/
n.
母亲;妈妈(mum/mom)
grandfather
/ˈɡrænfɑːðə(r)/
n.
祖父;外祖父(grandpa)
grandmother
/ˈɡrænˌmʌðə(r)/
n.
祖母;外祖母(grandma)
grandparent
/ˈɡrænˌpeərənt/
n.
祖父母;外祖父母
grandparents
/ˈɡrænˌpeərənts/
n.(pl.)
祖父母;外祖父母
brother
/ˈbrʌðə(r)/
n.
兄;弟
sister
/ˈsɪstə(r)/
n.
姐;妹
uncle
/ˈʌŋkl/
n.
叔父;伯父;舅父;姑父;姨父
aunt
/ɑːnt/
n.
阿姨;姑姑;婶婶;舅舅的妻子
cousin
/ˈkʌzn/
n.
堂兄弟;表兄弟;堂姐妹;表姐妹
grandchild
/ˈɡræntʃaɪld/
n.
孙子女;外孙子女
grandchildren
/ˈɡræntʃɪldrən/
n.(pl)
孙辈(grandchild的复数)
member
/ˈmembə(r)/
n.
成员;分子
2. 人物描述词(Describing People)
单词
音标
词性
中文释义
handsome
/ˈhænsəm/
adj.
英俊的;帅气的
beautiful
/ˈbjuːtɪfl/
adj.
美丽的;漂亮的
funny
/ˈfʌni/
adj.
有趣的;滑稽的
kind
/kaɪnd/
adj.
善良的;和蔼的
tall
/tɔːl/
adj.
高的
short
/ʃɔːt/
adj.
矮的;短的
clever
/ˈklevə(r)/
adj.
聪明的;机灵的
quiet
/ˈkwaɪət/
adj.
安静的;文静的
different
/ˈdɪfrənt/
adj.
不同的
3. 运动与物品(Sports & Things)
单词
音标
词性
中文释义
tennis
/ˈtenɪs/
n.
网球
chess
/tʃes/
n.
国际象棋
ping-pong
/ˈpɪŋ pɒŋ/
n.
乒乓球运动
bat
/bæt/
n.
球拍;(乒乓球)拍
rod
/rɒd/
n.
杆;竿(fishing rod 钓鱼竿)
piano
/piˈænəʊ/
n.
钢琴
erhu
/ˌeɪˈhuː/
n.
二胡(中国传统乐器)
sport
/spɔːt/
n.
体育运动
sports
/spɔːts/
n.(pl.)
体育运动
football
/ˈfʊtbɔːl/
n.
足球
4. 核心动词(Key Verbs)
单词
音标
词性
中文释义
basketball
/ˈbɑːskɪtbɔːl/
n.
篮球
mean
/miːn/
v.
意思是;意味着
play
/pleɪ/
v.
玩;打(球);演奏(乐器)
love
/lʌv/
v.& n.
喜爱;爱;热爱
like
/laɪk/
v.
喜欢
spend
/spend/
v.
花费(时间/金钱等)
read
/riːd/
v.
阅读;朗读
describe
/dɪˈskraɪb/
v.
描述;描写
identify
/aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/
v.
辨认;识别
explore
/ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/
v.
探索;探究
5. 副词与其他(Adverbs & Others)
单词
音标
词性
中文释义
often
/ˈɒfn/
adv.
经常;常常
really
/ˈriːəli/
adv.
真正地;确实
very
/ˈveri/
adv.
非常;很
well
/wel/
adv.
好;很好地
together
/təˈɡeðə(r)/
adv.
一起;共同
every
/ˈevri/
det.
每一个;每个
photo
/ˈfəʊtəʊ/
n.
照片(photograph的缩写)
photo (复数)
/ˈfəʊtəʊz/
n.
photos(以o结尾加es)
relationship
/rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/
n.
关系;联系
ownership
/ˈəʊnəʃɪp/
n.
所有权;物主身份
definition
/ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn/
n.
定义;释义
husband
/ˈhʌzbənd/
n.
丈夫
knee
/niː/
n.
膝盖;膝关节
night
/naɪt/
n.
夜晚;晚上
middle
/ˈmɪdl/
n.& adj.
中间;中部的
favourite (美 favorite)
/ˈfeɪvərɪt/
adj.& n.
最喜爱的;特别喜欢的人/事物
hiking
/ˈhaɪkɪŋ/
n.
远足;徒步旅行
appearance
/əˈpɪərəns/
n.
外貌;外观
personality
/ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/
n.
个性;性格
hobby
/ˈhɒbi/
n.
业余爱好
tree
/triː/
n.
树;家谱树(family tree 家谱)
Ireland
/ˈaɪələnd/
n.
爱尔兰(国家名)
Oscar
/ˈɒskə(r)/
n.
奥斯卡(狗的名字,专有名词)
二、重点短语(Key Phrases)
英文短语
中文释义
talk about your family
谈论你的家庭
the simple present tense (do)
一般现在时(do形式)
in a photo / in the photo
在照片里
What is your family like?
你的家人怎么样?/ 你的家庭是什么样的?
your mum's or dad's mother
你妈妈或妈妈的母亲(即外婆/奶奶)
your mum's or dad's sister
你妈妈或爸爸的姐妹(即姨妈/姑姑)
your grandmother's husband
你祖母的丈夫(即祖父/外公)
your mum's or dad's brother
你妈妈或爸爸的兄弟(即舅舅/叔叔/伯伯)
Is this / Are these your...?
这是/这些是你的……吗?
Yes, it is. / Yes, they are.
是的,它是。/ 是的,它们是。
No, it isn't. / No, they aren't.
不,它不是。/ 不,它们不是。
Who's / Who're...?
……是谁?
He's / She's / They're...
他/她/他们是……
Whose...is this / are these?
这是/这些是谁的……?
It's / They're + 名词所有格
它/它们是某人的……
ping-pong bat
乒乓球拍
play ping-pong
打乒乓球
every day / every week
每天/每周
love sport / sports
热爱运动
fishing rod
钓鱼竿
a lot of time / lots of time
大量时间;很多时间
spend time (in) doing sth.
花费时间做某事
play the piano
弹钢琴
play it really / very well
弹得非常好
Chinese chess
中国象棋
play the erhu
拉二胡
How many people are there in your family?
你家里有多少人?
What are they like?
他们是什么样的人?(询问性格外貌)
What do they each like?
他们各自喜欢什么?
on the left / on the right
在左边/在右边
in the middle
在中间
read me a story at night
晚上给我讲故事
dad's parents
爸爸的父母(即爷爷奶奶)
from Ireland
来自爱尔兰
go hiking
去远足/徒步旅行
play football
踢足球
make a family tree
制作家谱树
look at the family photo
看全家福照片
introduce your family to the class
向全班介绍你的家人
each other
互相;彼此
help each other
互相帮助
love each other
彼此相爱
Family is where life begins and love never ends.
家是生命开始的地方,爱永不终结。
三、重点句型(Key Sentences)
1. — What is the relationship of the people in the photo?
— This is my dad. That's my mum.
照片里这些人是什么关系?
——这是我爸爸。那是我妈妈。
2. This is my dad, Fred, on the left. He's very handsome.
这是我爸爸Fred,在左边。他很帅气。
3. My little brother, Sam, is on his knee. Sam is seven, and he really likes chess.
我弟弟Sam在他膝盖上。Sam七岁了,他真的很喜欢下棋。
4. My mum, Jane, is on the right. She's beautiful and kind. She always reads me a story at night.
我妈妈Jane在右边。她又漂亮又善良。她总是在晚上给我讲故事。
5. My grandparents, Jack and Sarah, are in the middle. They're my dad's parents.
我的祖父母Jack和Sarah在中间。他们是我爸爸的父母。
6. — Whose erhu is this?
— It's Li Xin's erhu.
——这把二胡是谁的?
——是Li Xin的二胡。
7. — Does she play the erhu well?
— Yes, she does.
——她二胡拉得好吗?
——是的,很好。
8. Whose ping-pong bats are these?
这些乒乓球拍是谁的?
9. Well, this is my ping-pong bat, and the old one is my grandpa's.
嗯,这个是我的乒乓球拍,那个旧的是我爷爷的。
10. Do you often play ping-pong together?
你们经常一起打乒乓球吗?
11. Yes, we play every day / week. My grandpa loves sport.
是的,我们每天都打/每周都打。我爷爷热爱运动。
12. They're my father's. He spends a lot of / lots of time fishing.
它们是我爸爸的。他花很多时间钓鱼。
13. It's my mother's piano. She can play it really / very well!
那是我妈妈的钢琴。她弹得非常好!
14. — Do you play the piano?
— Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
——你弹钢琴吗?
——是的,我弹。/ 不,我不弹。
15. — Does your father spend a lot of time fishing?
— Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
——你爸爸花大量时间钓鱼吗?
——是的。/ 不,他不。
16. — How many people are there in your family?
— There are five people in my family.
——你家有几口人?
——我家有五口人。
17. — Who are they and what are they like?
— They are my parents. They are kind and loving.
——他们是谁,是什么样的人?
——他们是我父母。他们善良又充满爱心。
18. — What do you like about your family?
— I love that we always help each other.
——你喜欢家里的什么?
——我喜欢我们总是互相帮助。
19. I'm [name] from [place]. I love my big family. Here's a photo of us.
我是[名字],来自[地方]。我爱我的大家庭。这是一张我们的照片。
20. This is my [relation], [name]. He's/She's [adjective] and [adjective].
这是我的[称呼],[名字]。他/她很[形容词],也很[形容词]。
21. He/She often [verb-phrases] every week.
他/她经常每周[做某事]。
22. My grandparents have three grandchildren: ..., ..., and me.
我的祖父母有三个孙辈:……、……和我。
四、重点句型讲解(Sentence Pattern Explanations)
句型1:介绍家庭成员(Introducing Family Members)
基本结构:This is / These are + 称呼 [+ name]. He's / She's / They're + 形容词.
This is my dad, Fred, on the left. 这是我爸爸Fred,在左边的这位。
This is my mum, Jane, on the right. 这是我妈妈Jane,在右边的这位。
These are my grandparents, Jack and Sarah. 这两位是我的祖父母Jack和Sarah。
She's beautiful and kind. 她又美丽又善良。
He's handsome and funny. 他又帅气又风趣。
【要点】
• 用 This is 介绍一个人,用 These are 介绍多个人。
• 介绍时可以加上方位:on the left(在左边)、on the right(在右边)、in the middle(在中间)。
• 可以同时给出姓名和称呼:my dad, Fred(同位语)。
句型2:询问和说明物品归属(Asking About Ownership)
疑问句:Whose + 名词 + is this / are these?
回答:It's / They're + 名词所有格 ('s).
Whose ping-pong bats are these? 这些乒乓球拍是谁的?
They're my father's. 它们是我爸爸的。
Whose erhu is this? 这把二胡是谁的?
It's Li Xin's erhu. 是Li Xin的二胡。
Whose piano is this? 这钢琴是谁的?
It's my mother's. 是我妈妈的。
【要点】
• Whose 意为"谁的",专门用来询问所属关系。
• 回答时使用名词所有格 -'s:my father's, my mother's, Li Xin's 等。
• 单数用 It's,复数用 They're。
句型3:一般现在时的肯定句、否定句与疑问句(Simple Present Tense)
本单元核心语法:主语为第三人称单数时,动词要变化!
【肯定句】
Teng Fei and his grandpa play ping-pong every week. Teng Fei和他爷爷每周打乒乓球。(复数主语→动词原形)
Teng Fei's grandpa loves sport. Teng Fei的爷爷热爱运动。(单数主语→loves)
They have some nice ping-pong bats. 他们有一些不错的乒乓球拍。(they→have原形)
Teng Fei's father has a fishing rod. Teng Fei的爸爸有一根钓鱼竿。(he→has)
【一般疑问句及回答】
— Do you play the piano? — Yes, I do. / No, I don't. (第一/第二人称/复数用 Do)
— Does your father spend a lot of time fishing? — Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. (第三人称单数用 Does,动词还原)
— Does she play the erhu well? — Yes, she does. (Does 后接动词原形!)
句型4:描述家人的活动与爱好(Describing Hobbies & Activities)
He often plays tennis with me. 他经常和我一起打网球。
He really likes chess. 他真的很喜欢下棋。
She always reads me a story at night. 她总是在晚上给我讲故事。
We play every day / week. 我们每天/每周都(打球)。
He spends a lot of / lots of time fishing. 他花很多时间钓鱼。
She can play it really / very well! 她弹得非常好!
She likes to go hiking. 她喜欢去远足。
He plays football every week. 他每周都踢足球。
【要点】
• 频度副词顺序:always(总是)> often(经常)> sometimes(有时),放在实义动词前、be动词后。
• spend time (in) doing sth. 表示"花费时间做某事"。
• a lot of 和 lots of 意思相同,都可以修饰可数或不可数名词。
• really 和 very 都是"非常",really 语气更强一些。
句型5:介绍全家福照片的完整模板(Full Photo Introduction Template)
Hi, I'm [Name] from [Place]. I love my big family. Here's a photo of us. I'm the one with [description].
This is my [dad/mum], [Name], on the left/right. He's/She's very [adjective]. He/She often [activity].
My [brother/sister], [Name], is on his/her [knee/near...]. [He/She] is [age], and [he/she] really likes [hobby].
My [grandparents], [Names], are in the middle. They're my [dad's/mum's] parents. They have [pet/item]. His/Her name is [Name].
My grandparents have [number] grandchildren: ..., ..., and me. They often say I'm their favourite grandchild, but I think they say the same thing to all of us!
【要点】这是一个完整的全家福介绍框架,包含:自我介绍→逐个介绍家人(位置+特征+活动)→祖父母→总结感情表达。写作时按此顺序展开即可。
句型6:询问家庭情况的四个核心问题(Four Core Questions About Family)
1. How many people are there in your family?
-> 你家有几口人?
2. Who are they and what are they like?
-> 他们是谁?他们是什么样的人?
3. What do they each like?
-> 他们各自喜欢什么?
4. What is fun about your family?
-> 关于你的家庭有什么有趣的事?
五、重点知识点及讲解(Key Grammar Points)
知识点1:一般现在时(Simple Present Tense)—— 本单元核心语法
【概念】一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。本单元主要学习含实义动词的一般现在时。
【动词第三人称单数变化规则】
规则
示例
说明
直接加 -s
play → plays
like → likes
love → loves
read → reads
大多数动词
以 -s, -x, -ch, -sh, -o 结尾,加 -es
watch → watches
fix → fixes
go → goes
do → does
注意:have → has 是不规则变化
以 "辅音字母+y"结尾,变y为i再加-es
study → studies
fly → flies
元音字母+y直接加s:play→plays
特殊变化
have → has
必须牢记
be动词
am / is / are
I am / He is / You are / They are
否定/疑问
don't / doesn't / Do / Does
第三人称单数用doesnt/Does
【记忆口诀】
主语不是三单,动词用原型;
若是三单(he/she/it/单个人名/单数名词),动词要变形;
一般加-s,特殊加-es;
have变has要记牢,be动词用is/am/are。
【教材例句对比】
Teng Fei and his grandpa **play** ping-pong every week. (复数主语 → 动词原形)
Teng Fei's grandpa **loves** sport. (第三人称单数 → loves)
They **have** some nice ping-pong bats. (they 复数 → have 原形)
Teng Fei's father **has** a fishing rod. (第三人称单数 → has)
**Do** you **play** the piano? (you 第二人称 → Do + 原形)
**Does** your father **spend** a lot of time fishing? (第三人称单数 → Does + 原形 spend)
知识点2:名词所有格 's(Possessive Case)
【用法】在名词后面加 's 表示所属关系,用来表示人或动物的'……的'。
【构成规则】
单数名词直接加 's 例:Tom's book, my father's car, Kate's cat
以s结尾的复数名词只加 ' 例:my parents' room, the students' desks
不以s结尾的不规则复数加 's 例:children's toys, men's shoes
两者共有,在后一个加 's 例:Lucy and Lily's room(Lucy和Lily共有的房间)
分别拥有,各加 's 例:Tom's and Jack's bikes(Tom的车和Jack的车)
【本单元重点搭配】
Teng Fei's grandpa Teng Fei 的爷爷
Teng Fei's father's fishing rod Teng Fei 爸爸的钓鱼竿
my mother's piano 我妈妈的钢琴
Li Xin's erhu Li Xin 的二胡
my dad's parents 我爸爸的父母
Kate's cat Kate 的猫
Peter and Emma's classroom Peter和Emma共用的教室
知识点3:Whose 引导的特殊疑问句(Whose Questions)
【结构】Whose + 名词 + be动词 + 主语?
【含义】"……是谁的?" —— 询问物品或人的归属。
Whose ping-pong bats are these? 这些乒乓球拍是谁的?
They're my father's. 它们是我爸爸的。
Whose erhu is this? 这把二胡是谁的?
It's Li Xin's erhu. 是Li Xin的二胡。
Whose piano is this? 这钢琴是谁的?
It's my mother's. 是我妈妈的。
Whose caps are these? 这些帽子是谁的?
They're my grandparents'. 是我祖父母的。
【注意】Whose(谁的)≠ Who's(Who is 的缩写,谁是)!不要混淆。
知识点4:spend 的用法(Spend Time Doing Something)
【结构】sb. spend(s) time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事
He spends a lot of time fishing. 他花大量时间钓鱼。
He spends lots of time fishing. 他花很多时间钓鱼。(lots of = a lot of)
My mum spends one hour reading every day. 我妈妈每天花一小时阅读。
They spend the weekend playing together. 他们周末一起玩耍。
【辨析】spend 的三种常见用法:
spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花时间/金钱做某事(doing)
spend time/money on sth. 在某事物上花时间/金钱(on+名词)
spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时间
知识点5:play 的两种搭配(Play Sports vs. Play Instruments)
【规则回顾】
play + 球类/棋类(零冠词)
例:play tennis / play football / play basketball / play chess / play ping-pong
play + the + 乐器(定冠词 the)
例:play the piano / play the erhu / play the guitar / play the violin
【本单元出现的例子】
He often plays tennis with me. (球类,无 the)
He really likes chess. (棋类(下棋用 like/play 均可))
Do you often play ping-pong together? (球类,无 the)
It's my mother's piano. She can play it really well. (乐器,前面已提到用 it 指代)
Does she play the erhu well? (乐器,带 the)
知识点6:频度副词的位置(Position of Adverbs of Frequency)
【常见频度副词】always (100%) > usually (80%) > often (60%) > sometimes (40%) > hardly ever (10%) > never (0%)
【位置规则】
在 be 动词之后:She is always kind. 她总是善良的。
在实义动词之前:He often plays tennis. 他经常打网球。
在情态动词之后:She can always help me. 她总能帮我。
【本单元例句】
He **often** plays tennis with me. often 在实义动词 plays 前
She **always** reads me a story at night. always 在实义动词 reads 前
We play **every** day / week. every 放在时间名词前
They **often** say I'm their favourite... often 在实义动词 say 前
知识点7:家庭称谓系统详解(Family Tree Relationships)
【英文家庭称谓表】
英文
中文
说明
grandfather / grandpa
爷爷/外公
父亲的父亲或母亲的父亲
grandmother / grandma
奶奶/外婆
父亲的母亲或母亲的母亲
grandparents
祖父母/外祖父母
grandfather + grandmother 的合称
father / dad / daddy
爸爸/爹地
父亲的不同称呼
mother / mum(mom) / mummy
妈妈/妈咪
母亲的不同称呼
parents
父母/双亲
father + mother 的合称
uncle
叔叔/伯伯/舅舅/姑父/姨父
父系:叔叔/伯伯;母系:舅舅;姑母丈夫:姑父;姨母丈夫:姨父
aunt
姑姑/婶婶/阿姨/舅妈
父系姐妹:姑姑;父系弟弟妻子:婶婶;母系姐妹:阿姨;母系兄弟妻子:舅妈
cousin
堂/表兄弟姐妹
uncle 或 aunt 的孩子,不分性别年龄统一称 cousin
brother
哥哥/弟弟
兄长或弟弟
sister
姐姐/妹妹
姐姐或妹妹
grandchild (grandchildren)
孙子/孙女/外孙/外孙女
儿子的孩子或女儿的孩子
【记忆技巧】
• 英文中 uncle/aunt/cousin 覆盖范围比中文广——不需要区分父系母系、大小排行。
• cousin 是最"万能"的称呼:堂哥/堂弟/堂姐/堂妹/表哥/表弟/表姐/表妹 统统叫 cousin。
• 课文中的匹配练习:your mum's or dad's mother = grandmother / grandma
知识点8:语音知识——元音发音与重音(Pronunciation Focus)
【本单元 Pronunciation 板块涵盖三个部分】
1. 四个元音音素 /ɜː/ /ə/ /ʌ/ /ɑː/
/ɜː/
/ə/
/ʌ/
/ɑː/
her, girl, turn
sister, summer, doctor
duck, hut, much
dark, march, heart
长元音,舌身平放
弱读/非重读央元音
短元音,口半开
长元音,口大开
2. 第三人称单数 -s/-es 结尾的发音
likes /plays/reads 在清辅音后读 /s/
例:likes /laɪks/, plays /pleɪz/ 注意 z 音
loves/watches 在浊辅音/元音后读 /z/
例:loves /lʌvz/
watches/closes/get 在 /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/ 后读 /ɪz/
例:watches /ˈwɒtʃɪz/, closes /ˈkləʊzɪz/
名词所有格 's 发音规则相同
例:Mike's /maɪks/, Ella's /ˈeləz/, Kate's /keɪts/, Fred's /fredz/
3. 单词重音(Stressed Syllables)—— 双音节词通常第一个音节重读
• funny, mother, uncle, cousin, grandpa (●○)
• begin, about, report, because, idea (●○)
六、写作专题——介绍我的家庭(Writing: Introducing My Family)
【任务要求】根据本单元 Section B 的阅读文本和 Project 部分,写一篇介绍自己家庭的短文(60-80词)。
【写作模板】
Hi, I'm _______ from _______. I love my big/small family. Here's a photo of us. I'm the one _______.
This is my _______. His/Her name is _______. He's/She's _______ and _______. He/She often _______ every week. His/Her favourite _______ is _______.
Next to him/her is my _______. She's/He's _______ and _______. She/He likes to _______.
This is my _______ brother/sister, _______. He/She has _______. He's/She's very _______, and he/she likes _______ a lot.
We love and help each other. My family is where life begins!
【范文示例】(根据课文 Lily 的文本改编)
Hi, I'm Lily from Ireland. I love my big family. Here's a photo of us. I'm the one with the pink hat.
This is my dad, Fred, on the left. He's very handsome. He often plays tennis with me. His favourite sport is tennis.
Next to him is my mum, Jane. She's on the right. She's beautiful and kind. She likes reading stories. She always reads me a story at night.
My little brother, Sam, is on my dad's knee. He's seven, and he really likes chess.
My grandparents, Jack and Sarah, are in the middle. They're my dad's parents. They have a dog. His name is Oscar.
My grandparents have three grandchildren: Sam, my cousin Lucy, and me. We love and help each other. Family is where life begins and love never ends!
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