Units 1-2 (语篇综合练）英语译林版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦“人与社会”主题，整合完形填空与阅读理解题型，通过真实语篇考查语言理解与逻辑推理能力，强化语篇综合应用。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |完形填空|1篇（姐弟情谊）|记叙文，情感变化为主线|通过上下文语境考查词汇辨析与情感逻辑，提升语言理解能力| |阅读A|1篇（育儿方式）|说明文，比较分析结构|对比木匠式与园丁式育儿，培养批判性思维与文化意识| |阅读B|1篇（正念呼吸课程）|新闻报道，措施-影响脉络|关注教育实践创新，强化信息筛选与推理能力| |阅读C|1篇（听力障碍教授）|记叙文，问题-解决模式|展现残障人士沟通策略，渗透社会责任感与学习能力| |阅读七选五|1篇（有机食品）|说明文，信息介绍框架|考查语篇衔接与逻辑连贯，提升语篇组织思维品质|

专题01 Unit 1（语篇综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 完形填空 人与社会：小时候作者总爱搞恶作剧吓唬弟弟丹尼尔，后因他长大休战。弟弟遭自行车事故受伤严重，作者愧疚不已，最终明白了姐弟间的深厚情谊。 阅读A 人与社会：文章介绍了现代美国两种育儿方式——园丁式和木匠式，并对其进行了比较。 阅读B 人与社会：文章报道了纽约市将正念呼吸练习纳入课程体系，旨在通过低成本方式改善学生身心健康，并计划逐步推广更多正念校园设施。 阅读C 人与社会：文章主要讲述了作者因为听力障碍在成为教授后与学生交流时遇到的问题，以及作者针对这些问题所想出的解决方法。 阅读七选五 人与社会：这篇说明文介绍了关于有机食品的一些相关信息。 一、完形填空 （25-26高一上·湖南师大附中·期中）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Scaring my little brother, Daniel, was so funny when we were little. Especially when I hid well, ran out and screamed a “boo”, he would 1 into the air like a shocked frog. But he was just getting sharp and used to simple “boos”. Afraid that my 2 of being a big sister was threatened, I changed 3 — rubber snakes under his pillows(枕头), ghost stories about a mean old man…. At any rate, scaring him was my usual acts and my 4 . Sadly, all good things must 5 . Daniel was growing tall and strong. A master of 6 like me knows when to give up a hopeless cause. I declared peace — Daniel accepted it very well, 7 nothing. However, I could hardly feel 8 without being punished for my deeds. One afternoon at 16:30, I returned to a(n) 9 home. I could feel the silence 10 behind corners like a big kid waiting to frighten me. So I turned on the music as loud as possible to cover up the 11 of sound. I couldn’t understand why I felt so uneasy. Finally, at 19:00, my big brother rushed home, 12 saying, “Daniel… bike accident…” I immediately felt 13 — Daniel was always breaking toes and skinning knees. But when hearing“… no helmet (头盔)… face first…”, I thought to myself, “It wasn’t funny anymore.” That night Daniel didn’t come home. His tooth was lost. His face was a horrible 14 , black and blue and bright red. My poor Daniel! Now we were pretty much even because it 15 a lot to scare a big sister. 1. A. blow B. spring C. rise D. start 2. A. fame B. safety C. standard D. power 3. A. tricks B. attitudes C. steps D. hobbies 4. A. technique B. potential C. reward D. enthusiasm 5. A. come B. end C. continue D. disappear 6. A. conflict B. surprise C. cheat D. scare 7. A. requiring B. suffering C. enjoying D. leaving 8. A. at ease B. at a crossroads C. at a loss D. at risk 9. A. familiar B. ideal C. empty D. warm 10. A. shaking B. hiding C. forming D. smiling 11. A. silence B. fear C. absence D. harmony 12. A. naturally B. formally C. excitedly D. breathlessly 13. A. better B. worse C. tough D. awkward 14. A. mask B. mess C. sign D. view 15. A. marked B. needed C. took D. meant 二、阅读理解 A （25-26高一上·深圳高级中学·期中）There are two kinds of parents in modern America, says Alison Gopnik in her recent book, The Gardener and the Carpenter. The carpenter (木匠) thinks that his or her child can be shaped. “The idea is that if you just do the right things, get the right skills, read the right books, you’re going to be able to shape your child into a particular kind of adult,” she says. The gardener, on the other hand, is less concerned about controlling who the child will become and instead provides a protected space to explore. The style is all about creating a rich, loving but also variable ecosystem. We assume that children need to be taken care of for a long time. Having that long period of childhood gives you this protected period. And childhood gives you a chance to master that new environment. A lot of the things that seem kind of strange about children — the fact that they’re so creative, so imaginative, so exploratory and yet so bad at taking care of themselves — kind of fit that picture. Gopnik, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, says that many parents are carpenters, but they should really create that garden. She spent many years researching children’s development and found that parents often focus too much on who their children will be as adults. The harm in that approach, she says, is that parents and their children may become worried, stressed or unhappy. “We’re so concerned about how these children are going to turn out that we’re unwilling to give them the freedom that they need to be able to take risks and go out and explore the world,” she says. Interestingly, the less that mothers and fathers worry about outcomes (结果), she says, the better their children may perform in life. 1. How does the carpenter raise children? A. By leaving them to grow naturally. B. By shaping them through planned effort. C. By creating a colorful garden to have fun. D. By providing everything to meet their needs. 2. What does Gopnik think of the gardener’s way of raising children? A. Common and ordinary. B. Fruitless and outdated. C. Unwise and unrealistic. D. Practical and advisable. 3. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Focusing too much on children’s future. B. Providing a safe and happy growing space. C. Allowing children to take various risks. D. Giving children too much freedom. 4. What’s the passage mainly about? A. The advantages and disadvantages of parenting styles. B. An introduction to American ways of child raising. C. A comparison of two kinds of parenting styles. D. An analysis of the best way of child raising. B （25-26高一上·杭州高级中学·期中） The school year just started on September 7 for New York City students but there’s something new on the curriculum: mindful breathing. This is part of a plan to improve the mental and physical health of students by putting mindfulness into the school day. The mindful breathing practices will be rolled out soon to all students from kindergarten through 12th grade and will include one-minute to five-minute daily exercises. At least one teacher per school will be trained to lead the breathing exercises. The program was trialed (试验) in the spring in Public School 5 in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood in Brooklyn, reported CBS News. Third grade students Noah, Cash and Shawn believe the program is working. “When I get into problems, I take a breath so nothing can happen to me,” Shawn told CBS. Eric Adams, NYC’s mayor (市长), and David Banks, the school chancellor (校长), said that this is just the first step in creating more mindful schools that will include gardens, peaceful rest spots, and yoga. While Eastern cultures have used deep breathing exercises for thousands of years, this is something that hasn’t been taught in the Western world, Adams told The New York Times (NYT). “There’s a science to breathing,” he said. While some say that the program doesn’t go far enough to deal with today’s mental health problems, reported the NYT, the mayor said it’s a low-cost way to help improve students’ well-being. An online program to provide mental health support for high schoolers is being planned but no details have been made public. “I get asked many questions from parents about ‘What are you doing? Kids are going through a lot. What are your mental health programs?’” Banks said. “There’s nothing more important that we could teach our kids than mindful breathing.” 5. Why is mindful breathing added to NYC students’ curriculum? A. To build up students’ overall health. B. To reduce teachers’ workload at school. C. To help students perform better in exams. D. To introduce Eastern culture to Western students. 6. How will the mindful breathing practices be carried out? A. They’ll be led by trained teachers. B. They’ll only be held in Public School 5. C. They’ll require all school teachers to join in. D. They’ll be managed by the school headmaster. 7. What can we know about mindful breathing from the passage? A. It has been used in Western countries for a long time. B. It has been proved useful in many New York schools. C. It is a cost-effective program to improve students’ health. D. It is more useful for high schoolers than junior students. 8. What can we infer about the program from Banks’s words? A. It is based on science. B. It meets parents’ needs. C. It receives some doubts. D. It is meant for the sick. C （25-26高一上·山东济南一中·期中）When I started my faculty position (教师职位), I was excited to be leading my own lab- and nervous. I’m deaf and rely on lip- reading for verbal communication. I had managed fine as a postdoc (博士后), though not without challenges. But leading a team was different. I had no idea whether I would be able to communicate effectively with my lab members. My pronunciation is sometimes off because of my disability, which leads some people to believe that I lack intelligence. But after almost 2 years in the position, I’ve come up with a set of solutions to help me out. In addition to regular one- on- one meetings with my students, I decided to have each student work with me for entire days in the lab when they first join my group. That way, they can see what I’m doing and ask questions as we go along. And time with the students allows me to carefully explain the principle behind each experimental step. I also established written communication as the most important way to exchange information. Through instant messaging services, I can quickly reach out to my students and share ideas, materials and links. Before they get going with any experiment, I ask them to write a detailed protocol (实验计划) as well, which has allowed me to double- check whenever I spot something that I must have missed during our verbal discussions. At first, I feared my students would feel that writing out all of their experimental design steps and data analysis plans was unnecessary. But they’ve told me this step allows them to deepen their understanding of the project before starting experiments. I’m still early in my faculty career, but I feel these strategies are working well for me. I no longer worry that I’m missing important information. And I’ve been able to guide students in a way that would have been difficult for me to do through verbal communication alone. Looking back, I wish I’d followed these strategies earlier in my career. 9. What was the author’s concern at the beginning of his faculty position? A. He couldn’t get along with others. B. He had insufficient work experience. C. He couldn’t focus on scientific research. D. He would suffer communication problems. 10. Which of the following shows the author’s efforts to improve his teaching effect? A. Encouraging communication in various ways. B. Strengthening students’ interest in science. C. Connecting students whenever possible. D. Asking students to learn lip- reading. 11. What was the result of the students’ writing down protocols? A. It practiced their writing skills. B. It slowed down the project process. C. It benefited both the author and the students. D. It inspired them to come up with new ideas. 12. What is the author’s tone (语气) at the end of the text? A. Surprised. B. Confident. C. Regretful. D. Anxious. 三、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Think back to the last time you shopped for fruits and vegetables. You may have noticed some items labelled with the word “organic”. 1 “Organic” refers to the way food is grown. To be labelled as organic, food production must meet strict guidelines. These can be different depending on where you live. In the United States, organic foods must be grown or raised without using pesticides or chemical fertilizers. 2 That changed after the Industrial Revolution. During the 20th century, many ideas that were used by factories and big businesses were put into action on farms. This helped some farms grow larger and produce more. The organic movement was started to get back to the old traditional ways of farming. Why? Many believe the chemicals and pesticides used in modern farming can be harmful to your health. 3 And those who support the organic movement also point to its benefits for the environment. Have you ever compared organic and non-organic foods at the grocery store? If so, you know that organic food tend to cost more. This happens for many reasons. Organic farming produces fewer crops. 4 Additionally, organic farms spend more money taking care of the animals they raise. These and other factors drive the cost of organic food up. Is organic food worth the extra cost? Some people believe it is. They may think it tastes better or just prefer to eat food that has not been grown using chemicals. 5 They are still trying to find a major difference between organic and non-organic food in terms of safety, nutrition, or taste. Still, others argue that the environmental benefits of organic food make it worth the price. A. Have you ever wondered what that means? B. The cost of production is also usually higher. C. For most of history, almost all food was organic. D. Many people are willing to pay more for organic food. E. Some also think organic foods are naturally more nutritious. F. Are you wondering if organic food is right for you? G. Scientists have studied organic and non-organic foods for many years now. 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 Unit 1（语篇综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 完形填空 人与社会：小时候作者总爱搞恶作剧吓唬弟弟丹尼尔，后因他长大休战。弟弟遭自行车事故受伤严重，作者愧疚不已，最终明白了姐弟间的深厚情谊。 阅读A 人与社会：文章介绍了现代美国两种育儿方式——园丁式和木匠式，并对其进行了比较。 阅读B 人与社会：文章报道了纽约市将正念呼吸练习纳入课程体系，旨在通过低成本方式改善学生身心健康，并计划逐步推广更多正念校园设施。 阅读C 人与社会：文章主要讲述了作者因为听力障碍在成为教授后与学生交流时遇到的问题，以及作者针对这些问题所想出的解决方法。 阅读七选五 人与社会：这篇说明文介绍了关于有机食品的一些相关信息。 一、完形填空 （25-26高一上·湖南师大附中·期中）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Scaring my little brother, Daniel, was so funny when we were little. Especially when I hid well, ran out and screamed a “boo”, he would 1 into the air like a shocked frog. But he was just getting sharp and used to simple “boos”. Afraid that my 2 of being a big sister was threatened, I changed 3 — rubber snakes under his pillows(枕头), ghost stories about a mean old man…. At any rate, scaring him was my usual acts and my 4 . Sadly, all good things must 5 . Daniel was growing tall and strong. A master of 6 like me knows when to give up a hopeless cause. I declared peace — Daniel accepted it very well, 7 nothing. However, I could hardly feel 8 without being punished for my deeds. One afternoon at 16:30, I returned to a(n) 9 home. I could feel the silence 10 behind corners like a big kid waiting to frighten me. So I turned on the music as loud as possible to cover up the 11 of sound. I couldn’t understand why I felt so uneasy. Finally, at 19:00, my big brother rushed home, 12 saying, “Daniel… bike accident…” I immediately felt 13 — Daniel was always breaking toes and skinning knees. But when hearing“… no helmet (头盔)… face first…”, I thought to myself, “It wasn’t funny anymore.” That night Daniel didn’t come home. His tooth was lost. His face was a horrible 14 , black and blue and bright red. My poor Daniel! Now we were pretty much even because it 15 a lot to scare a big sister. 1. A. blow B. spring C. rise D. start 2. A. fame B. safety C. standard D. power 3. A. tricks B. attitudes C. steps D. hobbies 4. A. technique B. potential C. reward D. enthusiasm 5. A. come B. end C. continue D. disappear 6. A. conflict B. surprise C. cheat D. scare 7. A. requiring B. suffering C. enjoying D. leaving 8. A. at ease B. at a crossroads C. at a loss D. at risk 9. A. familiar B. ideal C. empty D. warm 10. A. shaking B. hiding C. forming D. smiling 11. A. silence B. fear C. absence D. harmony 12. A. naturally B. formally C. excitedly D. breathlessly 13. A. better B. worse C. tough D. awkward 14. A. mask B. mess C. sign D. view 15. A. marked B. needed C. took D. meant 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了小时候作者总爱搞恶作剧吓唬弟弟丹尼尔，后因他长大休战。弟弟遭自行车事故受伤严重，作者愧疚不已，最终明白了姐弟间的深厚情谊。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：特别是当我藏好，跑出去尖叫一声“嘘”的时候，他会像一只受惊的青蛙一样猛地跳起到空中。A. blow吹气；B. spring跳，跃，突然弹开；C. rise缓慢上升；D. start开始。根据句意以及下文“like a shocked frog”可知，“我”突然冲出尖叫时，弟弟像受惊的青蛙一样猛地跳起到空中。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我害怕我作为一个大姐姐的能力受到威胁，于是我变了花样——在他的枕头下放橡胶蛇，讲一个刻薄老人的鬼故事……。A. fame名声；B. safety安全；C. standard标准；D. power能力。根据下文“I changed 3 — rubber snakes under his pillows, ghost stories about a mean old man…”可知，“我”担心自己作为姐姐的能力受到威胁。故选D项。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我害怕我作为一个大姐姐的能力受到威胁，于是我变了花样——在他的枕头下放橡胶蛇，讲一个刻薄老人的鬼故事……。A. tricks 恶作剧、花招；B. attitudes态度；C. steps步骤；D. hobbies爱好。根据下文“rubber snakes under his pillows, ghost stories about a mean old man”可知，“我”改变了花招—— 在他枕头下放橡胶蛇、讲恶毒老头的鬼故事。故选A项。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，吓唬他是我一贯的行为和我热衷的活动。A. technique技巧；B. potential潜力；C. reward回报；D. enthusiasm热衷的活动。根据语境以及上文“scaring him was my usual acts”可知，吓唬他是“我”常做的事，也是“我”热衷的活动。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：可悲的是，一切美好的事物都有结束的一天。A. come到来；B. end结束；C. continue继续；D. disappear消失。根据后文“Daniel was growing tall and strong.”以及“knows when to give up a hopeless cause”提到“弟弟长大，‘我’放弃吓唬他”，可知“美好的时光（吓唬弟弟的乐趣）结束了”。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：像我这样的吓唬人的高手知道什么时候该放弃无望的事业。A. conflict冲突；B. surprise惊喜；C. cheat欺骗；D. scare吓唬。根据前文“Scaring my little brother, Daniel, was so funny when we were little.”围绕“吓唬弟弟”展开，可知，这里指的是吓唬人的高手。故选D项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我宣布和平——丹尼尔欣然接受，没有要求任何东西。A. requiring要求；B. suffering遭受；C. enjoying享受；D. leaving离开。根据语境以及上文“Daniel accepted it very well”和下文“without being punished for my deeds”可知，“我”宣布和平——丹尼尔欣然接受，没有要求任何东西。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：然而，如果我的行为没有受到惩罚，我几乎不能感到安心。A. at ease安心、自在；B. at a crossroads进退两难；C. at a loss不知所措；D. at risk有风险。根据前文“我”一直吓唬弟弟，以及下文“without being punished for my deeds”可知，如今休战却无惩罚，“我”几乎无法感到安心。故选A项。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天下午16:30，我回到空荡荡的家里。A. familiar熟悉的；B. ideal理想的；C. empty空的；D. warm温暖的。根据后文“I could feel the silence 10 behind corners like a big kid waiting to frighten me.”提到“寂静像大孩子一样躲在角落”，暗示家里没人。故选C项。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能感觉到寂静躲在角落后面，就像一个大孩子等着吓唬我。A. shaking摇晃；B. hiding躲藏；C. forming形成；D. smiling微笑。根据句意以及下文“behind corners like a big kid waiting to frighten me”可知，“我”能感觉到寂静像一个等着吓唬“我”的大孩子，躲在角落后面。呼应前文“我藏起来吓唬弟弟”的情节。故选B项。 【11题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我把音乐开得尽可能大，以掩盖声音的缺失。A. silence沉默；B. fear恐惧；C. absence缺席，缺失；D. harmony和谐。根据上文“So I turned on the music as loud as possible”可知，“我”把音乐开得尽可能大，以掩盖声音的缺失。故选C项。 【12题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：终于，晚上七点，哥哥气喘吁吁地冲回家，嘴里说着：“丹尼尔…… 自行车事故……” 我一开始没太紧张——丹尼尔总爱磕破脚趾、擦伤膝盖。A. naturally自然地；B. formally正式地；C. excitedly兴奋地；D. breathlessly气喘吁吁地。根据语境以及上文“my big brother rushed home”可知，哥哥气喘吁吁地冲回家。故选D项。 【13题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：终于，晚上七点，哥哥气喘吁吁地冲回家，嘴里说着：“丹尼尔…… 自行车事故……” 我一开始没太紧张——丹尼尔总爱磕破脚趾、擦伤膝盖。A. better更好的；B. worse更糟的；C. tough艰难的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据下文“Daniel was always breaking toes and skinning knees.”提到丹尼尔总爱磕破脚趾、擦伤膝盖，可知，“我”一开始没太紧张。故选A项。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的脸上一塌糊涂，青一块紫一块，还带着鲜红的伤口。A. mask面具；B. mess一团糟；C. sign迹象；D. view景象。根据下文“black and blue and bright red”可知，他的脸上一塌糊涂，青一块紫一块，还带着鲜红的伤口。故选B项。 【15题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在我们差不多扯平了因为要吓到一个大姐姐可不容易。A. marked标记；B. needed需要；C. took花费；D. meant意味着。根据句意以及下文“a lot to scare a big sister”可知，此处it takes a lot to do sth. 是固定句型，意为“做某事需要付出很大代价”，此处暗指“弟弟的事故让‘我’意识到，之前的恶作剧并非玩笑，而‘吓唬姐姐’（指事故带来的担忧）让‘我’付出了心理代价”。故选C项。 二、阅读理解 A （25-26高一上·深圳高级中学·期中）There are two kinds of parents in modern America, says Alison Gopnik in her recent book, The Gardener and the Carpenter. The carpenter (木匠) thinks that his or her child can be shaped. “The idea is that if you just do the right things, get the right skills, read the right books, you’re going to be able to shape your child into a particular kind of adult,” she says. The gardener, on the other hand, is less concerned about controlling who the child will become and instead provides a protected space to explore. The style is all about creating a rich, loving but also variable ecosystem. We assume that children need to be taken care of for a long time. Having that long period of childhood gives you this protected period. And childhood gives you a chance to master that new environment. A lot of the things that seem kind of strange about children — the fact that they’re so creative, so imaginative, so exploratory and yet so bad at taking care of themselves — kind of fit that picture. Gopnik, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, says that many parents are carpenters, but they should really create that garden. She spent many years researching children’s development and found that parents often focus too much on who their children will be as adults. The harm in that approach, she says, is that parents and their children may become worried, stressed or unhappy. “We’re so concerned about how these children are going to turn out that we’re unwilling to give them the freedom that they need to be able to take risks and go out and explore the world,” she says. Interestingly, the less that mothers and fathers worry about outcomes (结果), she says, the better their children may perform in life. 1. How does the carpenter raise children? A. By leaving them to grow naturally. B. By shaping them through planned effort. C. By creating a colorful garden to have fun. D. By providing everything to meet their needs. 2. What does Gopnik think of the gardener’s way of raising children? A. Common and ordinary. B. Fruitless and outdated. C. Unwise and unrealistic. D. Practical and advisable. 3. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Focusing too much on children’s future. B. Providing a safe and happy growing space. C. Allowing children to take various risks. D. Giving children too much freedom. 4. What’s the passage mainly about? A. The advantages and disadvantages of parenting styles. B. An introduction to American ways of child raising. C. A comparison of two kinds of parenting styles. D. An analysis of the best way of child raising. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了现代美国两种育儿方式——园丁式和木匠式，并对其进行了比较。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The carpenter (木匠) thinks that his or her child can be shaped. “The idea is that if you just do the right things, get the right skills, read the right books, you’re going to be able to shape your child into a particular kind of adult,” she says. (木匠认为他或她的孩子可以被塑造。“这个想法是，如果你做正确的事情，获得正确的技能，读正确的书，你就能把你的孩子塑造成一个特定类型的成年人，”她说)”可知，木匠认为可以通过有计划的努力来塑造孩子。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Gopnik, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, says that many parents are carpenters, but they should really create that garden. (加州大学伯克利分校的教授戈普尼克说，许多父母都是木匠，但他们真的应该创造那个花园)”以及第五段“Interestingly, the less that mothers and fathers worry about outcomes (结果), she says, the better their children may perform in life. (有趣的是，她说，父母越不担心结果，他们的孩子在生活中可能表现得越好)”可知，戈普尼克认为父母应该像园丁一样，并且父母越不担心结果，孩子表现越好，说明她认为园丁的育儿方式是实用且可取的。故选D项。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“She spent many years researching children’s development and found that parents often focus too much on who their children will be as adults. The harm in that approach, she says, is that parents and their children may become worried, stressed or unhappy. (她花了多年时间研究儿童的发展，发现父母经常过于关注孩子成年后会成为什么样的人。她说，这种方法的危害在于，父母和孩子可能会变得焦虑、有压力或不开心)”可知，that指代的是父母过于关注孩子成年后会成为什么样的人，即过于关注孩子的未来。故选A项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“There are two kinds of parents in modern America, says Alison Gopnik in her recent book, The Gardener and the Carpenter. (艾莉森·戈普尼克在她最近的书《园丁与木匠》中说，现代美国有两种父母)”以及后文对两种育儿方式（园丁式和木匠式）的详细介绍和比较可知，本文主要介绍了两种育儿方式，并对它们进行了比较。故选C项。 B （25-26高一上·杭州高级中学·期中） The school year just started on September 7 for New York City students but there’s something new on the curriculum: mindful breathing. This is part of a plan to improve the mental and physical health of students by putting mindfulness into the school day. The mindful breathing practices will be rolled out soon to all students from kindergarten through 12th grade and will include one-minute to five-minute daily exercises. At least one teacher per school will be trained to lead the breathing exercises. The program was trialed (试验) in the spring in Public School 5 in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood in Brooklyn, reported CBS News. Third grade students Noah, Cash and Shawn believe the program is working. “When I get into problems, I take a breath so nothing can happen to me,” Shawn told CBS. Eric Adams, NYC’s mayor (市长), and David Banks, the school chancellor (校长), said that this is just the first step in creating more mindful schools that will include gardens, peaceful rest spots, and yoga. While Eastern cultures have used deep breathing exercises for thousands of years, this is something that hasn’t been taught in the Western world, Adams told The New York Times (NYT). “There’s a science to breathing,” he said. While some say that the program doesn’t go far enough to deal with today’s mental health problems, reported the NYT, the mayor said it’s a low-cost way to help improve students’ well-being. An online program to provide mental health support for high schoolers is being planned but no details have been made public. “I get asked many questions from parents about ‘What are you doing? Kids are going through a lot. What are your mental health programs?’” Banks said. “There’s nothing more important that we could teach our kids than mindful breathing.” 5. Why is mindful breathing added to NYC students’ curriculum? A. To build up students’ overall health. B. To reduce teachers’ workload at school. C. To help students perform better in exams. D. To introduce Eastern culture to Western students. 6. How will the mindful breathing practices be carried out? A. They’ll be led by trained teachers. B. They’ll only be held in Public School 5. C. They’ll require all school teachers to join in. D. They’ll be managed by the school headmaster. 7. What can we know about mindful breathing from the passage? A. It has been used in Western countries for a long time. B. It has been proved useful in many New York schools. C. It is a cost-effective program to improve students’ health. D. It is more useful for high schoolers than junior students. 8. What can we infer about the program from Banks’s words? A. It is based on science. B. It meets parents’ needs. C. It receives some doubts. D. It is meant for the sick. 【答案】5. A 6. A 7. C 8. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了纽约市将正念呼吸练习纳入课程体系，旨在通过低成本方式改善学生身心健康，并计划逐步推广更多正念校园设施。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The school year just started on September 7 for New York City students but there’s something new on the curriculum: mindful breathing. This is part of a plan to improve the mental and physical health of students by putting mindfulness into the school day.(纽约市的学生们于9月7日正式开启新学年，而课程表中新增了一项内容：正念呼吸。这是学校将正念理念融入日常教学、以此改善学生身心健康计划的一部分。)”可知，把正念呼吸添加到纽约学生的课程表中是为了改善学生的健康。故选A。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“At least one teacher per school will be trained to lead the breathing exercises.(每所学校至少会有一名教师接受培训，负责带领学生开展呼吸练习。)”可知，正念呼吸的练习是在经过培训的教师的带领下开展的。故选A。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中“While some say that the program doesn’t go far enough to deal with today’s mental health problems, reported the NYT, the mayor said it’s a low-cost way to help improve students’ well-being.(《纽约时报》指出，尽管有人认为该项目在解决当下心理健康问题方面力度不足，但市长表示，这是一种低成本的方式，有助于提升学生的健康幸福感。)”可知，正念呼吸是一个改善学生健康状况的高性价比项目。故选C。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““I get asked many questions from parents about ‘What are you doing? Kids are going through a lot. What are your mental health programs?’” Banks said. “There’s nothing more important that we could teach our kids than mindful breathing.”(班克斯说：“家长们经常问我一系列问题：‘你们在做些什么？孩子们承受着很大压力，你们推出了哪些心理健康项目？’在我看来，没有什么比教孩子正念呼吸更重要的了。”)”可知，该项目回应了家长对孩子心理健康的关切，满足了家长的需求。故选B。 C （25-26高一上·山东济南一中·期中）When I started my faculty position (教师职位), I was excited to be leading my own lab- and nervous. I’m deaf and rely on lip- reading for verbal communication. I had managed fine as a postdoc (博士后), though not without challenges. But leading a team was different. I had no idea whether I would be able to communicate effectively with my lab members. My pronunciation is sometimes off because of my disability, which leads some people to believe that I lack intelligence. But after almost 2 years in the position, I’ve come up with a set of solutions to help me out. In addition to regular one- on- one meetings with my students, I decided to have each student work with me for entire days in the lab when they first join my group. That way, they can see what I’m doing and ask questions as we go along. And time with the students allows me to carefully explain the principle behind each experimental step. I also established written communication as the most important way to exchange information. Through instant messaging services, I can quickly reach out to my students and share ideas, materials and links. Before they get going with any experiment, I ask them to write a detailed protocol (实验计划) as well, which has allowed me to double- check whenever I spot something that I must have missed during our verbal discussions. At first, I feared my students would feel that writing out all of their experimental design steps and data analysis plans was unnecessary. But they’ve told me this step allows them to deepen their understanding of the project before starting experiments. I’m still early in my faculty career, but I feel these strategies are working well for me. I no longer worry that I’m missing important information. And I’ve been able to guide students in a way that would have been difficult for me to do through verbal communication alone. Looking back, I wish I’d followed these strategies earlier in my career. 9. What was the author’s concern at the beginning of his faculty position? A. He couldn’t get along with others. B. He had insufficient work experience. C. He couldn’t focus on scientific research. D. He would suffer communication problems. 10. Which of the following shows the author’s efforts to improve his teaching effect? A. Encouraging communication in various ways. B. Strengthening students’ interest in science. C. Connecting students whenever possible. D. Asking students to learn lip- reading. 11. What was the result of the students’ writing down protocols? A. It practiced their writing skills. B. It slowed down the project process. C. It benefited both the author and the students. D. It inspired them to come up with new ideas. 12. What is the author’s tone (语气) at the end of the text? A. Surprised. B. Confident. C. Regretful. D. Anxious. 【答案】9. D 10. A 11. C 12. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者因为听力障碍在成为教授后与学生交流时遇到的问题，以及作者针对这些问题所想出的解决方法。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“I’m deaf and rely on lip- reading for verbal communication. I had managed fine as a postdoc(博士后), though not without challenges. But leading a team was different. I had no idea whether I would be able to communicate effectively with my lab members.( 我是个聋子，依靠唇读来进行口头交流。作为一个博士后，我做得很好，尽管不是没有挑战。但是领导一个团队是不同的。我不知道我是否能够有效地与我的实验室成员沟通。)”可知，作者在担任教职之初担心他会有沟通问题。故选D项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In addition to regular one- on- one meetings with my students, I decided to have each student work with me for entire days in the lab when they first join my group.( 除了定期与我的学生进行一对一的会面外，我还决定让每个学生刚加入我的小组时，在实验室里和我一起工作一整天。)”以及第三段中“I also established written communication as the most important way to exchange information.( 我还建立了书面交流作为最重要的方式来交换信息。)”可知，作者为提高教学效果所做的努力是鼓励以各种方式交流。故选A项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Before they get going with any experiment, I ask them to write a detailed protocol(实验计划) as well, which has allowed me to double- check whenever I spot something that I must have missed during our verbal discussions.( 在他们开始任何实验之前，我要求他们也写一份详细的协议，这使我能够在发现一些我在口头讨论中肯定错过的东西时进行双重检查。)”以及第四段中“But they’ve told me this step allows them to deepen their understanding of the project before starting experiments.( 但他们告诉我，这一步可以让他们在开始实验之前加深对项目的理解。)”可知，学生们把实验计划写下来的结果是使他们加深对项目的理解，同时这一做法也使作者更清楚地了解项目情况。由此可推知，学生们写下协议的结果是作者和学生都从中受益。故选C项。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I’m still early in my faculty career, but I feel these strategies are working well for me. I no longer worry that I’m missing important information.”（我仍处于教师生涯的初期，但我觉得这些策略对我很有用。我不再担心错过重要信息。）可推知，作者对自己采取的策略充满信心。故选B。 三、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Think back to the last time you shopped for fruits and vegetables. You may have noticed some items labelled with the word “organic”. 1 “Organic” refers to the way food is grown. To be labelled as organic, food production must meet strict guidelines. These can be different depending on where you live. In the United States, organic foods must be grown or raised without using pesticides or chemical fertilizers. 2 That changed after the Industrial Revolution. During the 20th century, many ideas that were used by factories and big businesses were put into action on farms. This helped some farms grow larger and produce more. The organic movement was started to get back to the old traditional ways of farming. Why? Many believe the chemicals and pesticides used in modern farming can be harmful to your health. 3 And those who support the organic movement also point to its benefits for the environment. Have you ever compared organic and non-organic foods at the grocery store? If so, you know that organic food tend to cost more. This happens for many reasons. Organic farming produces fewer crops. 4 Additionally, organic farms spend more money taking care of the animals they raise. These and other factors drive the cost of organic food up. Is organic food worth the extra cost? Some people believe it is. They may think it tastes better or just prefer to eat food that has not been grown using chemicals. 5 They are still trying to find a major difference between organic and non-organic food in terms of safety, nutrition, or taste. Still, others argue that the environmental benefits of organic food make it worth the price. A. Have you ever wondered what that means? B. The cost of production is also usually higher. C. For most of history, almost all food was organic. D. Many people are willing to pay more for organic food. E. Some also think organic foods are naturally more nutritious. F. Are you wondering if organic food is right for you? G. Scientists have studied organic and non-organic foods for many years now. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. E 4. B 5. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了关于有机食品的一些相关信息。 【1题详解】 根据上文“You may have noticed some items labelled with the word “organic”. (你可能注意到一些标有“有机”字样的物品)”及下文““Organic” refers to the way food is grown. (“有机”是指食物的生长方式)”可知，选项以问题的方式提出“有机”是什么意思，承上启下。故A选项“你有没有想过这是什么意思？”切题。故选A项。 【2题详解】 根据上文“That changed after the Industrial Revolution. (工业革命后，情况发生了变化)”可知，选项说明工业革命前的情况。故C选项“在历史的大部分时间里，几乎所有的食物都是有机的”切题。故选C项。 【3题详解】 根据上文“Many believe the chemicals and pesticides used in modern farming can be harmful to your health.(许多人认为现代农业中使用的化学物质和杀虫剂会对你的健康有害)”可知，选项承接上文说明另一些人的看法。故E选项“一些人还认为有机食品自然更有营养”切题。故选E项。 【4题详解】 根据上文“If so, you know that organic food tend to cost more. This happens for many reasons. Organic farming produces fewer crops. (如果是这样的话，你知道有机食品往往价格更高。这种情况有很多原因。有机农业生产的作物较少)”可知，选项承接上文，说明有机食品价格高的原因。故B选项“生产成本通常也较高”切题。故选B项。 【5题详解】 根据下文“They are still trying to find a major difference between organic and non-organic food in terms of safety, nutrition, or taste. (他们仍在努力寻找有机食品和非有机食品在安全性、营养或味道方面的主要区别)”可知，科学家对有机食品和非有机食品研究了很多年了。故G选项“科学家们已经研究有机和非有机食品多年了”切题。故选G项。 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $