Unit 6 语法讲练二【定语从句2】2026-2027学年仁爱科普版九年级英语上册

本讲义聚焦定语从句中who和whom的用法，系统梳理先行词为人时who作主语（不可省略）、whom作宾语（可省略，介词提前仅用whom）的核心规则，通过历史伟人、传统匠人等单元话题例句构建学习支架，衔接定语从句基础，直击中考区分考点。 该资料以文化意识为载体，融入孔子、袁隆平等人物素材，结合对比表、句型合并步骤培养思维品质，设计写作固定搭配与万能句型提升语言能力。课中助力教师高效授课，课后通过默写、短文填空等多样化练习帮助学生强化应用，查漏补缺。

Unit 6 A Rising Self Grammar in Use：【Attributive clause (II) 定语从句】语法讲解（二） 一、核心定义 本课时重点学习指代人的两个关系代词who、whom，是中考定语从句核心区分考点，专门修饰先行词为人的限制性定语从句。 1. 先行词：从句修饰的名词/代词，必须是人（伟人、人物、匠人、普通人等）。 2. who：指代人，在定语从句中作主语，不可省略，后面直接接从句谓语动词。 3. whom：指代人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略；介词提前时只能用whom，不能用who。 4. 单元话题：历史伟人、科学家、传统手艺人、先贤人物。 二、who & whom 完整用法精讲 （一）关系代词 who 用法（从句作主语） 1. 基础规则：先行词是人，who在从句里充当主语，后面紧跟谓语动词，绝对不能省略。 2. 句式结构：先行词(人) + who + 谓语 + 宾语 单元话题例句 1. Confucius was a great thinker who had many wise ideas. 孔子是一位拥有诸多睿智思想的伟大思想家。 先行词thinker是人，who在从句中作主语，谓语had紧跟其后。 2. Yuan Longping is a scientist who helped feed billions of people. 袁隆平是一位养活数十亿人的科学家。 3. The masters are people who made Laizhou brushes all their lives. 这些匠人是一辈子制作莱州毛笔的人。 3. 主谓一致补充：who后的谓语动词单复数，跟随前面的先行词变化 • a teacher who has many students（先行词单数，has） • the teachers who have many students（先行词复数，have） （二）关系代词 whom 用法（从句作宾语） 1. 基础规则：先行词是人，whom在从句里充当动词/介词的宾语，日常口语中可省略。 2. 两种使用场景 场景1：whom作动词宾语（可省略whom） 【结构】：先行词 + whom + 主语 + 谓语 【例句】：He is the great man (whom) we can learn a lot from. 他是我们能从他身上学到很多的伟人。 whom指代man，作from的宾语，此处可以省略。 场景2：介词提前至关系代词前，只能用whom，禁止用who（中考高频考点） 【公式】：介词 + whom 【例句】：Yuan Longping is the scientist of whom we are proud. 袁隆平是我们为之骄傲的科学家。 【固定搭配】be proud of，介词of提前，只能搭配whom。 【拓展例句】：The teacher from whom I learn a lot is Miss Wang. 我收获良多的老师是王老师。 代词 从句成分 使用要点 能否省略 介词提前 who 主语 后直接接谓语动词 不可省略 不能搭配介词 whom 宾语 后面先出现从句主语 可省略 介词后只能用whom （三）who vs whom 核心区分对照表 （四）简单句合并定语从句通用步骤 1. 找出两句重复出现的人物名词（先行词） 2. 判断重复名词在第二句中是主语还是宾语： ◦ 作主语 → 用who ◦ 作宾语 → 用whom（可省）；介词提前只用whom 3. 将关系代词紧跟先行词后，拼接句子 【拆分例句】： Simple 1: Confucius was a great thinker. Simple 2: He had many wise ideas. 【合并】：Confucius was a great thinker who had many wise ideas. 【拆分例句】： Simple1: He is a great man. Simple2: We can learn a lot from the man. 【合并】：He is a great man from whom we can learn a lot. 三、中考必考句型模板（伟人、匠人话题） 1. who作主语基础句 Confucius was a famous teacher who had thousands of students. 孔子是拥有三千弟子的知名教育家。 2. whom作动词宾语（可省略） This is the craft master (whom) we visited last week. 这就是我们上周拜访的手工艺匠人。 3. 介词+whom固定句式 The scientist of whom all Chinese are proud is Yuan Longping. 全体国人都为之骄傲的科学家是袁隆平。 4. 复数先行词搭配who The young people who spread traditional culture are amazing. 传播传统文化的年轻人十分了不起。 5. 定语从句修饰名人 Marie Curie is the scientist who won two Nobel Prizes. 居里夫人是两获诺贝尔奖的科学家。 四、写作高频固定搭配（伟人/传统文化话题） 1. a great thinker who has wise ideas 拥有睿智思想的伟大思想家 2. a famous teacher who has many students 桃李满天下的名师 3. the scientist of whom we are proud 我们引以为傲的科学家 4. craft masters who make traditional brushes 制作传统毛笔的匠人 5. young people who spread Chinese culture 传播中华文化的年轻人 6. the great man from whom we learn a lot 我们受益匪浅的伟人 7. scientists who devote themselves to people 奉献于民的科学家 8. artists who keep traditional skills alive 传承传统技艺的艺术家 五、易混易错点总结 1. 致命错误：介词后面使用who 错误：the man from who we learn 正确：the man from whom we learn 2. 成分判断技巧：关系代词后如果是动词，用who；如果是人名/人称代词（he/we/they），用whom who + 动词；whom + 主语(we/he/they) 3. whom仅指代人，物品/动物永远不用whom；who只用于人，事物用that/which 4. 省略规则：who作主语永远不能省；whom作宾语日常书写可省略 5. 主谓一致：who后的谓语单复数完全由先行词决定，和who无关 六、写作万能句型（单元伟人作文直接套用） 1. Confucius was a great thinker who taught people how to behave politely. 孔子是一位教导人们修身立德的伟大思想家。 2. Yuan Longping is the great scientist of whom every Chinese is truly proud. 袁隆平是每一位中国人由衷为之骄傲的伟大科学家。 3. The brush masters who stick to traditional skills protect our precious culture. 坚守传统手艺的毛笔匠人守护着我们珍贵的文化。 4. Marie Curie was a hard-working scientist who won two Nobel Prizes in science. 居里夫人是勤勉刻苦、两度斩获诺贝尔奖的科学家。 Grammar in Use：【Attributive clause (II) 定语从句】语法练习（二） 一、基础单词&短语默写（28题） 语法概念默写 1. 指代人、作从句主语的关系代词 _______________ 2. 指代人、作从句宾语的关系代词 _______________ 3. 先行词 _______________ 4. 定语从句 _______________ 5. 介词后只能使用的指人关系代词 _______________ 2. 伟人文化话题短语（含定语从句结构） 6. 拥有睿智思想的伟大思想家 _______________ 7. 桃李满天下的知名教师 _______________ 8. 我们引以为傲的科学家 _______________ 9. 制作传统毛笔的手工艺匠人 _______________ 10. 传播中华传统文化的年轻人 _______________ 11. 让我们受益匪浅的伟人 _______________ 12. 为民奉献一生的科学家 _______________ 13. 传承传统技艺的民间艺术家 _______________ 拓展默写 14. 两获诺贝尔奖的女科学家 _______________ 15. 一辈子制作莱州毛笔的匠人 _______________ 16. 向我们传授处世之道的先贤 _______________ 17. 坚守传统手艺的老一辈匠人 _______________ 18. 我们可以从中学习的伟人 _______________ 19. 致力于农业研究的科学家 _______________ 20. 热爱传统文化的青少年 _______________ 21. 伟大思想家（短语）_______________ 22. 诺贝尔获奖者（短语）_______________ 23. 传统手工艺匠人（短语）_______________ 24. 中华传统文化（短语）_______________ 25. 农业科研（短语）_______________ 26. 修身立德（短语）_______________ 27. 民间传统技艺（短语）_______________ 28. 知名教育家（短语）_______________ 二、用关系代词who / whom填空（20题，标注可省略） 1. Confucius was a thinker _______________ had thousands of students. 2. Yuan Longping is the scientist of _______________ all Chinese people are proud. 3. The craft master _______________ we visited makes Laizhou brushes every day. 4. Young people _______________ spread Chinese culture deserve our praise. 5. Marie Curie is the scientist _______________ won two Nobel Prizes. 6. He is the great man from _______________ we can learn lots of valuable lessons. 7. The elders _______________ stick to traditional skills are our treasure. 8. This is the famous teacher _______________ many students respect deeply. 9. The girl _______________ devotes herself to cultural spreading is my classmate. 10. The scientist about _______________ we talked works on rice research. 11. All the masters _______________ make brushes spend all their lives on this art. 12. The great thinker _______________ we learn from is Confucius. 13. People _______________ keep old skills alive protect our culture well. 14. The professor to _______________ we ask questions is an expert on history. 15. The hard-working woman _______________ won Nobel Prizes is Marie Curie. 16. The craftsman _______________ you met yesterday has 40 years of experience. 17. Anyone _______________ loves traditional art will like Laizhou Brush. 18. The hero of _______________ the whole country speaks highly is Yuan Longping. 19. Students _______________ listen carefully will learn more knowledge. 20. The artist _______________ we admire creates beautiful Chinese paintings. 三、句型合并（两个简单句合并为who/whom定语从句，12道） 例句：Confucius was a great thinker. He had many wise ideas. → Confucius was a great thinker who had many wise ideas. 1. Yuan Longping is a great scientist. We are proud of him. → ________________________________________ 2. The master makes Laizhou Brush. He has kept this craft for 50 years. → ________________________________________ 3. Marie Curie is a scientist. She won two Nobel Prizes. → ________________________________________ 4. He is a great man. We can learn a lot from the man. → ________________________________________ 5. The young people spread Chinese culture. They love traditional art. → ________________________________________ 6. This is the craft master. We visited the master last summer. → ________________________________________ 7. Confucius was a famous teacher. He had thousands of students. → ________________________________________ 8. The professor is a history expert. We often turn to him for advice. → ________________________________________ 9. The elders protect brush-making skills. They are local craftsmen. → ________________________________________ 10. That girl is my deskmate. She devotes her spare time to cultural spreading. → ________________________________________ 11. The scientist works on rice research. We talked about him just now. → ________________________________________ 12. The artist creates Chinese paintings. All the students admire the artist. → ________________________________________ 四、单项选择（18道，辨析who/whom、介词搭配、从句成分） 1. Confucius was a great thinker ______ had many wise ideas about manners. A. whom B. who C. which D. whose 2. Yuan Longping is the scientist of ______ all Chinese are proud. A. who B. which C. whom D. what 3. Marie Curie is the woman scientist ______ won two Nobel Prizes. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 4. He is the great man from ______ we can learn plenty of lessons. A. who B. whom C. which D. when 5. The craft masters ______ make Laizhou brushes stick to traditional skills. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 6. This is the old craftsman ______ we visited last weekend. A. who B. whom C. which D. what 7. Young people ______ spread Chinese culture are respected by everyone. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 8. The professor to ______ we ask history questions is very knowledgeable. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 9. Anyone ______ loves traditional art will fall in love with brush craft. A. whom B. who C. which D. when 10. The hero about ______ we learned is Yuan Longping. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 11. The elders ______ keep brush-making alive have spent their whole lives on it. A. who B. whom C. which D. what 12. The famous teacher ______ thousands of students respected is Confucius. A. who B. whom C. which D. when 13. —Who is the lady? —She is the scientist ______ won two Nobel Prizes, Marie Curie. A. whom B. who C. which D. whose 14. The craftsman ______ you met yesterday has made brushes for 40 years. A. who B. whom C. which D. when 15. All the students ______ listen carefully will get good grades. A. whom B. who C. which D. whose 16. The artist of ______ our art teacher speaks highly creates beautiful ink paintings. A. who B. whom C. which D. what 17. The girl ______ devotes free time to spreading culture is my best friend. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 18. This is the great thinker ______ we learn moral lessons from. A. who B. whom C. which D. when 五、中英互译（20题，伟人传统文化写作专项） 汉译英 1. 孔子是一位拥有诸多修身智慧的伟大思想家 ________________________ 2. 袁隆平是全体中国人都为之骄傲的农业科学家 ________________________ 3. 一辈子制作莱州毛笔的手工艺匠人 ________________________ 4. 致力于传播中华传统文化的年轻人 ________________________ 5. 两度斩获诺贝尔奖的女科学家居里夫人 ________________________ 6. 我们能从他身上学到许多道理的伟人 ________________________ 7. 坚守传统制笔手艺的老一辈民间匠人 ________________________ 8. 向我们传授处世之道的知名教育家孔子 ________________________ 9. 我们上周拜访的毛笔手工艺大师 ________________________ 10. 毕生投身水稻研究的伟大农业科学家 ________________________ 英译汉 1. a great thinker who teaches people good manners ________________________ 2. the scientist of whom all Chinese are proud ________________________ 3. craft masters who make traditional Laizhou brushes ________________________ 4. young people who spread traditional Chinese culture ________________________ 5. the female scientist who won two Nobel Prizes ________________________ 6. the great man from whom we learn valuable life lessons ________________________ 7. elder craftsmen who stick to ancient brush-making skills ________________________ 8. a famous educator who has thousands of students ________________________ 9. the master whom we visited last summer vacation ________________________ 10. scientists who devote their whole lives to agricultural research ________________________ 六、短文综合填空（3篇原创伟人/传统文化短文，填who/whom） Passage 1（先贤孔子） Confucius is a great ancient thinker 1.________ has thousands of students. He was a wise teacher 2.________ people from all dynasties respect deeply. He is the great person from 3.________ we can learn many rules of good behavior. The scholars 4.________ recorded his words built up classic Chinese culture. Any student 5.________ reads his books will know how to behave politely. The wise ideas 6.________ he left influence people all over the world. The educators 7.________ learn from Confucius keep spreading his thoughts. This is the great thinker 8.________ every Chinese student knows well. The teenagers 9.________ study his classics will become gentler. The ancient masters 10.________ followed his ideas passed down good morals. Passage 2（科学家袁隆平&居里夫人） Yuan Longping is a great agricultural scientist 1.________ devoted his life to rice research. He is the hero of 2.________ all Chinese people are proud. Marie Curie is the female scientist 3.________ won two Nobel Prizes for science. She is the researcher 4.________ young science students admire most. The experts 5.________ study agriculture learn lots from Yuan Longping’s works. The professor to 6.________ we ask science questions always talks about these two great people. Any teenager 7.________ loves science will look up to them. The books 8.________ they wrote help young learners a lot. The scientists 9.________ keep researching new things carry on their spirit. This is the great woman scientist 10.________ we learned about in our textbook. Passage 3（莱州毛笔传统匠人） Laizhou Brush is a precious traditional craft. The masters 1.________ make these brushes spend their whole lives on this art. They are the skilled craftsmen of 2.________ local people speak highly. The young people 3.________ take up this craft are few nowadays. This is the old brush maker 4.________ we visited last holiday. The artists 5.________ use Laizhou brushes create amazing Chinese paintings. The history teachers 6.________ we learn from often tell us stories of these craftsmen. Anyone 7.________ loves traditional culture will treasure this craft. The skills 8.________ these masters pass down are our cultural treasure. The teenagers 9.________ spread brush culture online attract more young lovers. The elder craftsman 10.________ you met yesterday has 50 years of brush-making experience. 参考答案 一、基础单词&短语默写 1. who 2. whom 3. antecedent 4. attributive clause 5. whom 6. a great thinker who has wise ideas 7. a famous teacher who has many students 8. the scientist of whom we are proud 9. craft masters who make traditional Laizhou brushes 10. young people who spread Chinese culture 11. the great man from whom we learn a lot 12. scientists who devote themselves to people 13. folk artists who keep traditional skills alive 14. the female scientist who won two Nobel Prizes 15. the craftsmen who make Laizhou brushes all their lives 16. the wise thinker from whom we learn how to behave 17. elder craftsmen who stick to traditional skills 18. the great man whom we can learn from 19. scientists who devote themselves to agricultural research 20. teenagers who love traditional Chinese culture 21. great thinker 22. Nobel Prize winner 23. traditional craft master 24. traditional Chinese culture 25. agricultural research 26. behave well / self-cultivation 27. folk traditional skills 28. famous educator 二、用who/whom填空（括号标注可省略） 1. who（作主语，不可省） 2. whom（介词of后，只用whom） 3. whom（作visited宾语，可省略） 4. who（作主语，不可省） 5. who（作主语，不可省） 6. whom（介词from后，只用whom） 7. who（作主语，不可省） 8. whom（作respect宾语，可省略） 9. who（作主语，不可省） 10. whom（介词about后，只用whom） 11. who（作主语，不可省） 12. whom（作learn from宾语，可省略） 13. who（作主语，不可省） 14. whom（介词to后，只用whom） 15. who（作主语，不可省） 16. whom（作met宾语，可省略） 17. who（作主语，不可省） 18. whom（介词of后，只用whom） 19. who（作主语，不可省） 20. whom（作admire宾语，可省略） 三、句型合并 1. Yuan Longping is the great scientist of whom we are proud. 2. The master who has kept this craft for 50 years makes Laizhou Brush. 3. Marie Curie is the scientist who won two Nobel Prizes. 4. He is the great man from whom we can learn a lot. 5. The young people who love traditional art spread Chinese culture. 6. This is the craft master whom we visited last summer. 7. Confucius was a famous teacher who had thousands of students. 8. The professor to whom we often turn for advice is a history expert. 9. The elders who are local craftsmen protect brush-making skills. 10. That girl who devotes her spare time to cultural spreading is my deskmate. 11. The scientist about whom we talked just now works on rice research. 12. The artist whom all the students admire creates Chinese paintings. 四、单项选择 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.A 18.B 五、中英互译 汉译英 1. Confucius was a great thinker who had many wise ideas about self-cultivation. 2. Yuan Longping is the agricultural scientist of whom all Chinese people are proud. 3. The craft masters who make Laizhou brushes spend all their lives on this work. 4. Young people who devote themselves to spreading traditional Chinese culture. 5. Marie Curie is the female scientist who won two Nobel Prizes. 6. The great man from whom we can learn many life truths. 7. Elder folk craftsmen who stick to the ancient brush-making skills. 8. Confucius was a famous educator who taught us how to behave properly. 9. The brush craft master whom we visited last weekend. 10. The great agricultural scientist who devoted his whole life to rice research. 英译汉 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 教导人们修身守礼的伟大思想家 2. 全体国人都为之骄傲的科学家 3. 制作传统莱州毛笔的手工艺匠人 4. 传播中华传统文化的年轻人 5. 两度获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家 6. 能让我们学到宝贵人生道理的伟人 7. 坚守古老制笔手艺的老一辈匠人 8. 桃李满天下的知名教育家 9. 我们去年暑假拜访的手艺大师 10. 毕生投身农业研究的科学家 六、短文综合填空 Passage 1 1. who 2. whom 3. whom 4. who 5. who 6. who 7. who 8. whom 9. who 10. who Passage 2 1. who 2. whom 3. who 4. whom 5. who 6. whom 7. who 8. who 9. who 10. whom Passage 3 1. who 2. whom 3. who 4. whom 5. who 6. whom 7. who 8. who 9. who 10. whom $