Unit5语法讲解及习题：后缀-ty_-ity、定语从句（Ⅰ）2026～2027学年仁爱科普版九年级上册

仁爱英语九上Unit5语法讲解及习题：后缀-ty/-ity、定语从句（Ⅰ） 一、名词后缀 -ty 与 -ity （一）知识点精讲 1. 构词核心原理 （1）基本定义 后缀 -ty、-ity附着在形容词词尾，实现形容词→抽象名词 词性转换，新词用来指代事物的性质、状态、特质、程度，为本单元核心构词考点，承接 Unit4 后缀 - able（动词变形容词）形成完整词性转化链条。 转化链条： 例：use (v.) 使用→usable (adj. 可使用的)→utility (n. 效用) （2）两类后缀区分要点 ① -ty ：多用于音节较短的形容词，绝大多数单词可以直接在词尾添加后缀，词根拼写基本不发生改动； ② -ity ：多用于音节偏长的多音节形容词，不少词汇需要改动原有词根拼写，再接后缀。 2. 构词变形分类汇总表格 （1）直接在形容词后添加后缀，无拼写改动 形容词（adj.） 名词（n.） 中文释义 safe safety 安全 honest honesty 诚实 difficult difficulty 困难 real reality 现实 able ability 能力 cruel cruelty 残酷 loyal loyalty 忠诚 （2）词根拼写发生变化，再接后缀 - ity 形容词（adj.） 名词（n.） 中文释义 curious curiosity 好奇心 creative creativity 创造力 national nationality 国籍 personal personality 个性；品格 possible possibility 可能性 responsible responsibility 责任 flexible flexibility 灵活性 3. 例句 ① We must guarantee the safety of our Beidou navigation system. 我们必须保障北斗导航系统的安全。 ② The creativity of Chinese scientists pushes high-tech industry forward. 中国科研人员的创造力推动高新技术产业不断发展。 ③ There is a possibility that our space station will carry more scientific equipment. 我国空间站有望搭载更多科研设备。 ④ Many foreign scientists have the ability to cooperate with Chinese research teams. 很多外籍科研工作者具备和中国科研团队合作的能力。 （二）专项分层练习题 1. 根据括号内提示词进行词形转换 （1）It takes plenty of time to overcome all kinds of_________ (difficult) in space exploration. （2）Every engineer shall take_________ (responsible) for their own experimental data. （3）Virtual_________ (real) brings lots of new experience to modern people. （4）A scientist’s_________ (curious) is the original power of technological breakthroughs. （5）Do you believe the_________ (possible) of intelligent robots replacing simple manual labor? （6）His_________ (honest) makes him trusted by the whole research group. 2. 选词填空（词库：safety、difficulty、possibility、honesty ） （1）The government stepped up efforts to make sure of people’s_________ during the snowstorm. （2）Chinese scientists have_________ solving these technology problems. （3）_________is a very important quality of people. （4）There is a_________ that one day robots will be able to do all the things as a human does. 3. 短文语法填空 Scientists may have different_________ (national) and_________ (personal), but they all share some common important traits, such as_________ (curious) and_________ (creative). They keep on asking questions about why things happen and how things work. Most importantly, they can always come up with new ideas and have the_________ (able) to solve problems, create new things and turn dreams into_________ (real). （三）习题答案与详细解析 1. 词形转换答案 （1）difficulty 解析：all kinds of（各种各样的）后面需要接名词，difficult 的名词形式为 difficulty，表示 “难题、困境”。 （2）responsibility 解析：固定搭配 take responsibility for，意为 “对…… 承担责任”，将形容词 responsible 转化为名词 responsibility。 （3）reality 解析：virtual 为形容词，后面搭配抽象名词，real 对应的名词是 reality，virtual reality 虚拟现实，为本单元课本原词。 （4）curiosity 解析：名词作句子主语，curious 形容词转变名词 curiosity，词义 “好奇心”。 （5）possibility 解析：定冠词 the 后使用名词，possible 变形为 possibility，the possibility of …… 的可能性。 （6）honesty 解析：名词在句中充当主语，honest 转化 honesty，代表 “诚信” 这一品质。 2. 选词填空答案 （1）safety；解析：people’s 名词所有格，其后接名词，people’s safety 民众的安全。 （2）difficulty；解析：固定结构 have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事存在困难。 （3）Honesty；解析：本空在句首作主语，指代人的美好品质，首字母必须大写。 （4）possibility；解析：固定句型 There is a possibility that…，意为 “存在…… 的可能性”。 3. 短文填空答案 nationality；personality；curiosity；creativity；ability；reality 解析 ① national (adj. 国家的)→nationality (n. 国籍) ② personal (adj. 个人的)→personality (n. 性格，品性) ③ curious (adj. 好奇的)→curiosity (n. 好奇心) ④ creative (adj. 富有创造力的)→creativity (n. 创造力) ⑤ able (adj. 有能力的)→ability (n. 能力) ⑥ real (adj. 真实的)→reality (n. 现实) 二、定语从句（Ⅰ）关系代词 that /which （一）知识点精讲 1. 定语从句基础概念 （1）基本定义 定语从句本质是用一个句子充当定语，修饰主句中的名词或代词，被修饰的词语称作先行词；that、which为本单元需要掌握的关系代词，起到连接主句和从句、指代先行词、在从句内部充当句子成分三重作用。 2.that 与 which 用法对比表格 关系代词 用法 例句 that 可指代人、动物、事物 William Monroe is a man that made America’s first wood pencil in 1812. which 仅指代动物、事物 This is the machine which Jack invented. 3. 核心使用细则 （1）二者可以互换的情况 先行词为普通事物、动物，关系代词在从句中作主语或者宾语，that、which 能够互相替换。 例：This high-speed train that/which runs to Beijing draws worldwide attention. 这辆开往北京的高铁收获了全世界的关注。 （2）只能使用 that，不能使用 which 的特殊情况 先行词被最高级、序数词、不定代词修饰时，关系代词只用 that。教材原句：It is the fastest and most comfortable train that you have ever taken. 这是你乘坐过最舒适快捷的列车。 （3）关系代词作宾语可省略的规则 当 that、which 在定语从句里面充当宾语成分时，关系代词可以直接省略；作主语时绝对不能省略。 例：the comfort and speed (that) the train can offer（that 作宾语，可省略） 列车所能带来的舒适与速度 4. 例句 ① The space station that China built attracts lots of visitors online.（that 作主语，不可省略） 中国建造的空间站吸引了大量网友关注。 ② The robot (which) we saw in the factory can finish complex industrial work.（which 作宾语，可以省略） 我们在工厂见到的机器人可以完成复杂的工业作业。 （二）专项分层练习题 1. 表格填空 （1）William Monroe is a man_________ made America’s first wood pencil in 1812. （2）This is the machine_________ Jack invented. 2. 单项选择题 （1）The high-speed rail_________ runs from Shanghai to Beijing brings great convenience. A. that B. whose C. who （2）This is the most advanced robot_________ our lab has developed. A. which B. that C. what （3）The satellite_________ scientists launched last month works perfectly. A. which B. whom C. whose （4）People admire the great spirit_________ those researchers show. A. / B. what C. where （5）Do you know the project_________ can improve clean energy technology? A. who B. that C. when （6）It is the first spaceship_________ our country sent to deep space. A. that B. which C. it （7）The new energy car_________ I bought last week works well. A. whom B. which C. whose （8）There is nothing_________ can stop the progress of Chinese technology. A. that B. which C. who 3. 合并句子改写定语从句 （1）I use the laptop to learn English. The laptop was bought last month. _____________________________________________________________________ （2）The car is charging in the parking lot. It is a new energy one. _____________________________________________________________________ （3）I hope you can tell me more about the car. The car can fly. _____________________________________________________________________ （4）The Beidou system serves ordinary people. It was developed by Chinese scientists. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. 改错题型 （1）This is the greatest invention which changes people’s daily life. _____________________________________________________________________ （2）The spaceship who we saw in the picture belongs to China. _____________________________________________________________________ （3）The tech product that it many customers like sells very well. _____________________________________________________________________ （三）习题答案与详细解析 1. 表格填空答案 （1）that 解析：先行词 a man 指代人，只能选用 that，在从句中充当主语，不能省略。 （2）which /that（也可直接不填） 解析：先行词 the machine 是事物，关系代词在从句作宾语，that、which 均可，还能够直接省略。 2. 单项选择题答案 （1）A 解析：先行词高铁属于事物，关系代词在从句作主语，选用 that。 （2）B 解析：先行词被形容词最高级 the most advanced 修饰，只能使用 that。 （3）A 解析：先行词卫星为事物，which 在从句充当宾语。 （4）A 解析：先行词 spirit，关系代词在从句内部作宾语，that 可以省略，因此选 A。 （5）B 解析：先行词 project 为事物，从句缺少主语，用 that。 （6）A 解析：先行词被序数词 the first 修饰，关系代词只能用 that。 （7）B 解析：先行词新能源汽车，which 在从句作宾语。 （8）A 解析：先行词为不定代词 nothing，只能使用 that。 3. 合并句子改写定语从句参考答案 （1）I use the laptop that/which was bought last month to learn English. （2）The car that/which is charging in the parking lot is a new energy one. （3）I hope you can tell me more about the car that/which can fly. （4）The Beidou system that/which was developed by Chinese scientists serves ordinary people. 4. 改错答案以及解析 （1）which → that 解析：先行词被最高级 the greatest 修饰，关系代词只能用 that。 （2）who → which /that 解析：先行词 spaceship 是物品，不能使用指代人的 who。 （3）删掉 it 解析：that 已经指代先行词 the tech product，在从句中充当宾语，it 属于多余成分，需要删去。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $