Unit 5 语法讲练二【定语从句1】2026-2027学年仁爱科普版九年级英语上册

Unit 5 A Path Toward a Better World Grammar in Use：【Attributive clause (I) 定语从句】语法讲解（二） 一、核心定义 本课时重点学习由that、which引导的限制性定语从句，中考核心语法重难点。 1. 定语从句功能：放在名词/代词后，用来修饰、限定前面的名词（先行词），相当于中文“……的”，补充说明人、动物、事物的特征。 2. 先行词：被从句修饰的名词/代词，分为人、动物、事物三类。 3. 关系代词：that / which，连接主句和从句，同时在从句内部充当主语或宾语。 4. 单元话题场景：交通工具、科技发明、机械设备相关句子。 二、that & which 完整用法精讲 （一）关系代词 that 用法（适用范围更广） 1. 指代对象：人、动物、物品三类先行词全部可用that 2. 从句成分：可作从句主语 / 从句宾语 ① that 在从句中作主语（不可省略） 【结构】：先行词(人/物) + that + 谓语动词 【例句】（交通科技话题）： This is the high-speed train that runs between Shanghai and Beijing. 这就是往返京沪的高铁。（先行词train是物，that作从句主语，不能删） The man that invented this new-energy car is a great engineer. 发明这辆新能源车的男士是一位优秀工程师。（先行词man是人） ② that 在从句中作宾语（可省略that） 【结构】：先行词 + that + 主语 + 谓语 【例句】： This is the fastest train (that) I have ever taken. 这是我坐过最快的列车。（that指代train，作taken的宾语，可省略） （二）关系代词 which 用法（仅用于事物、动物） 1. 指代对象：只能指代物品、动物，不能指代人 2. 从句成分：可作从句主语 / 从句宾语 ① which 作从句主语（不可省略） This is the machine which helps us make new transport tools. 这就是帮我们制造新型交通工具的机器。 ② which 作从句宾语（可省略which） The plane (which) we saw yesterday is a flying car. 我们昨天看到的飞行器是飞行汽车。 （三）that 与 which 通用/只能用that的必考区分规则 1. 两者通用（先行词只有物品/动物时，that=which，可互换） The laptop that/which I use is for English study. 我正在用的笔记本电脑是用来学英语的。 2. 只能用that，绝对不能用which的4种中考必考场景 ①先行词同时包含人+物 Look at the boy and the train that are in the picture. 看图片里的男孩和列车。 ②先行词被序数词、最高级修饰（the first, the fastest, the most comfortable） This is the fastest high-speed train that I have ever taken. 这是我坐过最快的高铁。 ③先行词被不定代词修饰（all, every, any, something, everything） Everything that he invented is about new transport. 他发明的所有东西都和新型交通工具有关。 ④先行词被the only, the very修饰 This is the only flying car that our factory made. 这是我们工厂制造的唯一一台飞行汽车。 （四）基础转换规则（两个简单句合并为定语从句） 步骤1：找到两句重复出现的名词（先行词） 步骤2：以重复名词为分界，用that/which引出第二句话 步骤3：调整语序，关系代词紧跟先行词后 例句拆分合并： 简单句1：I use a laptop. 简单句2：The laptop was bought last month. 合并定语从句：I use the laptop that/which was bought last month. 三、中考必考句型模板（交通科技话题专用） 1. 先行词为交通工具（物）作主语 This is the high-speed train that can run 350 km per hour. 这就是时速350公里的高铁。 2. 先行词为物品作宾语（可省略that/which） I can’t wait to take the train (that) you mentioned. 我迫不及待想坐你提到的那趟列车。 3. 先行词是人作主语 The engineer that invented this flying car is young. 发明这款飞行汽车的工程师很年轻。 4. 最高级修饰先行词，只能用that It’s the most comfortable train that I have ever experienced. 这是我体验过最舒适的列车。 5. 不定代词作先行词，只能用that All that the machine can do is save people’s time. 这台机器能做到的一切就是节省人们的时间。 四、写作高频固定搭配（交通&科技话题） 1. high-speed train that runs between cities 城际高铁 2. new-energy cars that charge quickly 快充新能源车 3. the laptop that we use for English learning 我们用来学英语的笔记本电脑 4. the flying car that can travel in the sky 可以在空中行驶的飞行汽车 5. the fastest transport that man has made 人类制造出最快的交通工具 6. the engineer that creates new transport tools 研发新型交通工具的工程师 7. the machine that improves travel comfort 提升出行舒适度的机器 8. everything that brings convenience to our trip 所有为出行带来便利的事物 五、易混易错点总结 1. 指代人时只能用that，不能用which；指代物品that/which大多可互换 错误：The man which invented the car ✅正确：The man that invented the car 2. 关系代词作从句主语时，后面的谓语动词单复数跟随先行词变化 The train that runs fast.（先行词train单数，run加s） The trains that run fast.（先行词trains复数，run原形） 3. 作宾语的that/which可以省略，作主语绝对不能省略 4. 介词提前时只能用which，不能用that（拓展了解） This is the train in which we travelled. 5. 最高级、序数词、人+物、不定代词修饰先行词，固定只用that 六、写作万能句型（单元作文直接套用） 1. The high-speed train that runs between Beijing and Shanghai brings us great convenience. 往返京沪的高铁给我们带来了极大便利。 2. This new-energy car that charges quickly is very popular among young people. 这款快充新能源车深受年轻人喜爱。 3. It is the most amazing flying car that I have ever seen in my life. 这是我这辈子见过最惊艳的飞行汽车。 4. The engineer that invented this transport tool devoted lots of time to his research. 发明这款交通工具的工程师为研究付出了大量时间。 Grammar in Use：【Attributive clause (I) 定语从句】语法练习（二） 一、基础单词&短语默写（28题） 核心语法概念默写 1. 定语从句 _______________ 2. 先行词 _______________ 3. 关系代词 _______________ 4. 指代人/物的关系代词 _______________ 5. 仅指代事物的关系代词 _______________ 2. 话题短语（交通科技，带定语从句结构） 6. 往返城市的高铁 _______________ 7. 快充新能源汽车 _______________ 8. 用来学习英语的笔记本电脑 _______________ 9. 可以在空中行驶的飞行汽车 _______________ 10. 人类制造出最快的交通工具 _______________ 11. 研发新型交通工具的工程师 _______________ 12. 提升出行舒适度的机器 _______________ 13. 为出行带来便利的所有事物 _______________ 拓展默写 14. 时速350公里的高铁 _______________ 15. 我坐过最舒适的列车 _______________ 16. 制造飞行器的机器 _______________ 17. 年轻工程师发明的汽车 _______________ 18. 能节省出行时间的设备 _______________ 19. 唯一一款国产飞行汽车 _______________ 20. 我上个月买的笔记本电脑 _______________ 21. 正在停车场充电的汽车 _______________ 22. 我想深入了解的飞行器 _______________ 23. 新型交通工具（短语）_______________ 24. 高速列车（短语）_______________ 25. 新能源汽车（短语）_______________ 26. 飞行汽车（短语）_______________ 27. 研发工程师（短语）_______________ 28. 出行舒适度（短语）_______________ 二、用关系代词that / which填空（20题，可省略处标注） 1. This is the high-speed train _______________ runs between Beijing and Shanghai. 2. The new-energy car _______________ we saw is charging in the parking lot. 3. The engineer _______________ invented the flying car is only 25 years old. 4. The laptop _______________ I use every day helps me learn English well. 5. It is the fastest transport _______________ people have ever created. 6. All the machines _______________ are shown here are about new transport. 7. This is the only flying car _______________ our factory has produced. 8. The plane _______________ can fly in the sky surprises every visitor. 9. The train _______________ you took last week can run at 350 km an hour. 10. Everything _______________ he designs brings convenience to our trips. 11. The machine _______________ improves travel comfort is popular now. 12. The boy and the train _______________ you see in the picture are both cool. 13. This is the most comfortable train _______________ I have ever taken. 14. The charger _______________ is beside the car works very fast. 15. The transport tool _______________ we talked about is a flying car. 16. Any invention _______________ saves time is worth studying. 17. The laptop _______________ was bought last month has a big screen. 18. The car _______________ can fly will be widely used in the future. 19. The first high-speed train _______________ appeared in China changed our life. 20. The new tool _______________ the engineer made helps drive safely. 三、句型合并（两个简单句合并为定语从句，12道） 例句：I take a high-speed train. The train runs to Beijing. → I take the high-speed train that/which runs to Beijing. 1. I use a laptop. The laptop was bought last month. → ________________________________________ 2. The car is charging in the parking lot. It is a new-energy car. → ________________________________________ 3. I hope you can tell me more about the car. The car can fly. → ________________________________________ 4. This is a high-speed train. It can run at 350 kilometers an hour. → ________________________________________ 5. The engineer invented a flying car. He is young and hard-working. → ________________________________________ 6. The machine improves our travel comfort. The machine was made last year. → ________________________________________ 7. I have never seen the transport tool. The tool can fly in the sky. → ________________________________________ 8. The train is the fastest one. I have ever taken the train. → ________________________________________ 9. The charger stands beside the car. It can charge cars quickly. → ________________________________________ 10. All the inventions change our life. The inventions are about new transport. → ________________________________________ 11. This is the only flying car. Our factory produced the flying car. → ________________________________________ 12. The laptop helps me study English. My mom bought the laptop for me. → ________________________________________ 四、单项选择（18道，辨析that/which、先行词、语法规则） 1. This is the high-speed train ______ runs between Shanghai and Beijing. A. what B. that C. who D. whose 2. The young engineer ______ invented the flying car is very famous. A. which B. what C. that D. whose 3. The new-energy car ______ we saw is charging in the parking lot. A. that B. who C. whose D. what 4. It’s the most comfortable train ______ I have ever taken. A. which B. that C. who D. when 5. All the machines ______ are shown here are transport tools. A. which B. what C. that D. who 6. This is the only flying car ______ our factory has made. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 7. The plane ______ can fly in the sky attracts lots of students. A. that B. who C. whose D. what 8. The laptop ______ my mom bought helps me learn English. A. who B. whose C. that D. when 9. Look at the boy and the train ______ are in the picture. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 10. Any invention ______ saves our travel time is great. A. which B. who C. that D. when 11. The first high-speed train ______ appeared in China changed our trips. A. that B. which C. who D. whose 12. The charger ______ stands beside the car works very fast. A. who B. that C. whose D. when 13. —Which transport do you like best? —I like the flying car ______ can travel in the sky. A. who B. whose C. that D. what 14. People ______ invent new transport tools are all creative. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 15. Everything ______ he designs brings us great convenience. A. which B. who C. that D. whose 16. The transport tool ______ we talked about just now is amazing. A. that B. who C. whose D. when 17. The train ______ runs at 350 km per hour is a high-speed train. A. who B. that C. whose D. what 18. We love the new-energy cars ______ charge quickly. A. that B. who C. whose D. when 五、中英互译（20题，交通科技写作专项） 汉译英 1. 往返北京和上海的高铁 ________________________ 2. 正在停车场充电的新能源汽车 ________________________ 3. 可以在空中行驶的飞行汽车 ________________________ 4. 我上个月买来学英语的笔记本电脑 ________________________ 5. 我坐过最舒适的高速列车 ________________________ 6. 研发这款飞行汽车的年轻工程师 ________________________ 7. 能提升出行舒适度的新型机器 ________________________ 8. 所有为出行带来便利的发明 ________________________ 9. 时速可达350公里的高铁 ________________________ 10. 我们工厂制造的唯一一款飞行汽车 ________________________ 英译汉 1. the high-speed train that runs between two big cities ________________________ 2. the new-energy car that charges very quickly ________________________ 3. the laptop that we use for English study ________________________ 4. the flying car that can travel high in the sky ________________________ 5. the most comfortable transport that I have ever tried ________________________ 6. the engineer that creates new transport inventions ________________________ 7. the machine that saves people’s travel time ________________________ 8. all tools that bring convenience to our daily trips ________________________ 9. the first high-speed train that appeared in China ________________________ 10. the only flying car that our factory produced ________________________ 六、短文综合填空（3篇交通科技短文，填that/which） Passage 1（高铁出行） The high-speed train 1.________ runs between Beijing and Shanghai is amazing. It is the fastest transport 2.________ Chinese people have built. The train 3.________ we took last weekend can run at 350 km per hour. All the seats 4.________ are inside the train are soft and comfortable. This is the only high-speed train 5.________ can reach such a high speed. Everything 6.________ the train provides makes our trip easy. The worker 7.________ designs the train is a great engineer. The screens 8.________ are on the train can show travel information. The book and the train 9.________ you see in the picture are about fast transport. It’s the most wonderful train 10.________ I have ever experienced. Passage 2（新能源&飞行汽车） The new-energy car 1.________ is charging in the parking lot is my favorite. It is a tool 2.________ can save lots of electricity. The flying car 3.________ surprised all visitors stands in the center of the hall. This is the only flying car 4.________ our factory has made. All the machines 5.________ help make cars are modern. The engineer 6.________ invented this car is only 25. The charger 7.________ stands beside the car can fill power in ten minutes. Any car 8.________ saves energy is popular now. The boy and the flying car 9.________ you see are from our tech show. It’s the coolest transport 10.________ young people love most. Passage 3（学习设备与交通科技） The laptop 1.________ I bought last month helps me learn transport knowledge. It is the best tool 2.________ I have for English study. All the videos 3.________ are stored in it talk about high-speed trains. The machine 4.________ improves travel comfort is shown in the video. This is the only video 5.________ introduces flying cars clearly. The teacher 6.________ teaches us transport science loves new inventions. Every picture 7.________ is on the screen shows new transport tools. Everything 8.________ we learn helps us know more tech. The girl and the laptop 9.________ you see are learning about new-energy cars. It’s the most useful learning tool 10.________ I have ever used. 参考答案 一、基础单词&短语默写 1. attributive clause 2. antecedent 3. relative pronoun 4. that 5. which 6. the high-speed train that runs between cities 7. new-energy cars that charge quickly 8. the laptop that we use for English learning 9. the flying car that can travel in the sky 10. the fastest transport that humans have made 11. the engineer that develops new transport tools 12. the machine that improves travel comfort 13. everything that brings convenience to our trips 14. the high-speed train that runs at 350 kilometers an hour 15. the most comfortable train that I have ever taken 16. the machine that makes flying vehicles 17. the car that the young engineer invented 18. the equipment that can save travel time 19. the only home-made flying car 20. the laptop that I bought last month 21. the car that is charging in the parking lot 22. the flying vehicle that I want to know more about 23. new transport tools 24. high-speed train 25. new-energy car 26. flying car 27. research engineer 28. travel comfort 二、用that/which填空（括号标注可省略） 1. that/which（不可省，作主语） 2. that/which（可省，作宾语） 3. that（不可省，先行词是人） 4. that/which（可省，作宾语） 5. that（最高级修饰，只用that） 6. that（不定代词all修饰，只用that） 7. that（the only修饰，只用that） 8. that/which（不可省，作主语） 9. that/which（可省，作宾语） 10. that（不定代词everything修饰，只用that） 11. that/which（不可省，作主语） 12. that（人+物先行词，只用that） 13. that（最高级修饰，只用that） 14. that/which（不可省，作主语） 15. that/which（可省，作宾语） 16. that（不定代词any修饰，只用that） 17. that/which（不可省，作主语） 18. that/which（不可省，作主语） 19. that（序数词the first修饰，只用that） 20. that/which（可省，作宾语） 三、句型合并 1. I use the laptop that/which was bought last month. 2. The car that/which is charging in the parking lot is a new-energy car. 3. I hope you can tell me more about the car that/which can fly. 4. This is the high-speed train that/which can run at 350 kilometers an hour. 5. The engineer that invented the flying car is young and hard-working. 6. The machine that/which improves our travel comfort was made last year. 7. I have never seen the transport tool that/which can fly in the sky. 8. This is the fastest train that I have ever taken. 9. The charger that/which stands beside the car can charge cars quickly. 10. All the inventions that/which change our life are about new transport. 11. This is the only flying car that our factory produced. 12. The laptop that/which my mom bought for me helps me study English. 四、单项选择 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.B 18.A 五、中英互译 汉译英 1. the high-speed train that runs between Beijing and Shanghai 2. the new-energy car that is charging in the parking lot 3. the flying car that can travel in the sky 4. the laptop that I bought last month to learn English 5. the most comfortable high-speed train that I have ever taken 6. the young engineer that developed this flying car 7. the new machine that can improve travel comfort 8. all inventions that bring convenience to our trips 9. the high-speed train that can run at 350 kilometers an hour 10. the only flying car that our factory made 英译汉 1. 往返两座大城市的高铁 2. 快充型新能源汽车 3. 我们用来学习英语的笔记本电脑 4. 能够高空飞行的飞行汽车 5. 我体验过最舒适的交通工具 6. 研发新型交通发明的工程师 7. 节省人们出行时间的机器 8. 为日常出行带来便利的所有工具 9. 中国最早问世的高铁 10. 我们工厂生产的唯一一款飞行汽车 六、短文综合填空 Passage 1 1.that/which 2. that 3. that/which 4. that/which 5. that 6. that 7. that 8. that/which 9. that 10. that Passage 2 1. that/which 2. that/which 3. that/which 4. that 5. that/which 6. that 7. that/which 8. that 9. that 10. that Passage 3 1. that/which 2. that 3. that/which 4. that/which 5. that 6. that 7. that/which 8. that 9. that 10. that 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $