2026-2027学年新人教版暑假单词突破营 DAY 21（对照百词斩必修第二册）

暑假单词突破营DAY 21

一、核心词汇（2026新人教版必修二）

false /fɔːls/ adj. 错误的；假的；不真实的

particular /pəˈtɪkjələ/ adj. 特别的，不寻常的；挑剔的，讲究的；特定的

embarrassing /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/ adj. 使人尴尬的

make fun of 嘲笑，取笑，拿……开玩笑；嘲弄

upset /ʌpˈset/ adj. 苦恼的，沮丧的，心烦意乱的；v. 使苦恼；搅乱

guideline /ˈɡaɪdlaɪn/ n. 指导方针；准则

author /ˈɔːθə/ n. 作者，作家

tip /tɪp/ n. 诀窍，建议；技巧；尖端；小费

familiar /fəˈmɪliə/ adj. 熟悉的，通晓的；熟知的

keep ... in mind记住……

define /dɪˈfaɪn/ v. 给（词、短语等）下定义；界定，解释

case /keɪs/ n. 箱，盒；容器；套；案件；情况

mansion /ˈmænʃn/ n. 官邸，巨宅，公馆，大厦

cemetery /ˈsemətri/ n. 墓地；公墓

philosophy /fəˈlɒsəfi/ n. 哲学，哲学体系

descendant /dɪˈsendənt/ n. 后代，后裔

individual /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/ adj. 个人的；n. 个人

heel /hiːl/ n. （鞋、袜子、脚）后跟；足跟

Achilles‘ heel /əˌkɪliːz ˈhiːl/ phr. （喻）希腊神话阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点

kingdom /ˈkɪŋdəm/ n. 王国；领域

chief /tʃiːf/ n. 首领，酋长；负责人，老板；adj. 首席的，最高级的

puzzle /ˈpʌzl/ n. 谜，智力游戏；疑问；v. 使迷惑

nearby 附近的，邻近的；adv. 在附近

Confucius /kənˈfjuːʃəs/ n. 孔子

protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 保护（DAY 8）

preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/ v. 保护；保存（DAY 12）

heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ n. 文化遗产（DAY 12）

aware /əˈweə/ adj. 意识到的（DAY 16）

effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的（DAY 17）

access /ˈækses/ n. 通道；使用权；v. 访问（DAY 19）

 

二、高频固定搭配与词族拓展

【核心搭配】

in particular —— 尤其，特别

be particular about —— 对……挑剔

make fun of —— 嘲笑，取笑

be upset about —— 对……感到沮丧

follow guidelines —— 遵循指导方针

familiar with —— 对……熟悉

familiar to —— 为……所熟悉

keep ... in mind —— 记住……

define ... as —— 把……定义为

in case —— 以防万一

in any case —— 无论如何

in that case —— 既然那样

philosophy of life —— 人生哲学

individual freedom —— 个人自由

the chief reason —— 主要原因

puzzle over —— 苦苦思索

【词形变换】（括号内为中文释义）

particular (adj. 特别的；挑剔的) → particularly (adv. 尤其；特别)

embarrass (v. 使尴尬) → embarrassing (adj. 令人尴尬的) → embarrassed (adj. 感到尴尬的) → embarrassment (n. 尴尬)

upset (adj./v. 沮丧；使沮丧) → upsetting (adj. 令人沮丧的)

familiar (adj. 熟悉的) → familiarity (n. 熟悉)

define (v. 下定义) → definition (n. 定义) → definite (adj. 明确的)

individual (adj./n. 个人的；个人) → individually (adv. 个别地) → individualism (n. 个人主义)

philosophy (n. 哲学) → philosopher (n. 哲学家) → philosophical (adj. 哲学的)

puzzle (n./v. 谜；使迷惑) → puzzled (adj. 感到迷惑的) → puzzling (adj. 令人迷惑的)

三、短文翻译练习（原文三篇，请翻译成中文）

Passage 1 · 文化探索之旅

Last summer, I visited Qufu, the hometown of Confucius. I explored a large mansion that once belonged to his descendants. Nearby, there was an ancient cemetery where many family members were buried. This trip gave me a deeper understanding of Chinese philosophy and heritage. The author of a book on Confucian thought once wrote that individuals should keep in mind the guidelines of kindness and respect. I was familiar with some of his sayings, but seeing the historical sites made them more real. In particular, I was impressed by the chief temple dedicated to Confucius. It is a sacred place that attracts visitors from all over the world. In my opinion, we should protect such cultural treasures and preserve them for future generations. Even if we face challenges, it is worthwhile to make an effort to protect our heritage.

Passage 2 · 学习与反思

In our English class, our teacher gave us some useful tips on how to improve our writing. She said that we should define new words clearly and use them in proper contexts. She also told us not to make fun of others’ mistakes because that could make them feel upset and embarrassed. She reminded us that every individual has their own strengths and weaknesses. She shared a case of a student who improved greatly by following her guidelines. The student kept in mind the tips she gave and practiced every day. In particular, he focused on using specific vocabulary and paraphrasing complex sentences. This effective method helped him make great progress. I was familiar with some of the techniques, but I had never used them systematically. Now I realize that having access to good learning strategies is important. Now that I know these tips, I will keep them in mind and practice regularly. I believe that with effort and the right attitude, anyone can become a better writer.

Passage 3 · 网络礼仪与素养

In today‘s digital world, we often encounter false information online. Some individuals post rude comments or make fun of others, which can make people feel upset. To avoid this, we should follow some basic guidelines. First, we should keep in mind that everyone has the right to

their own opinion. Second, we should define our words carefully to avoid misunderstandings. Third, we should be aware of the privacy of others and not share their personal information. In particular, we should not target someone with cyberbullying or troll them. In my opinion, the chief rule of online communication is respect. Even if we disagree with someone, we should express our views politely. The author of a famous book on digital citizenship wrote that effective communication online requires wisdom and kindness. Let us keep these principles in mind and protect ourselves and others from online harm. In case we encounter false information, we should verify it before sharing. Together, we can create a safer and more harmonious online community.

四、选词填空（两组，每组10空，请从各自方框中选择并适当形式填空）

Group A

备选词（请选填其中10个，注意时态/语态变化）：
false, particular, embarrassing, make fun of, upset, guideline, author, tip, familiar, keep ... in mind, define, case

1. The __________ of this book is a famous professor.
2. Please __________ the meaning of this new word.
3. It is __________ to make mistakes when you are learning.
4. Don‘t __________ others who are less fortunate than you.
5. She was very __________ about the exam results.
6. The teacher gave us some useful __________ on studying.
7. I am __________ with this song—I have heard it many times.
8. Please __________ this rule __________ when you write.
9. You should follow the safety __________ in the lab.
10. In this __________, we need to be more careful.

Group B

备选词（请选填其中10个，注意时态/语态变化）：
Confucius, mansion, cemetery, philosophy, descendant, individual, heel, Achilles' heel, kingdom, chief, puzzle, nearby

11. __________ was a great thinker in ancient China.
12. The old __________ has been turned into a museum.
13. The __________ where the famous writer is buried attracts many visitors.
14. This book is about the __________ of education.
15. She is a __________ of a famous royal family.
16. As an __________, you should take responsibility for your actions.
17. His __________ is a serious injury that prevents him from running.
18. He is the __________ editor of the newspaper.
19. The __________ of this word is very difficult to solve.
20. There is a library __________ that I often visit.

五、单词填空（共15小题，含首字母填空和单句语法填空）

Part A 首字母填空（根据句意及首字母补全单词）

21. The c__________ of this restaurant is a famous chef.
22. The c__________ where the king was buried is a tourist attraction.
23. The d__________ of the ancient king still live in the area.
24. The p__________ of the puzzle was very difficult to solve.
25. There is a library n__________ that I often visit.
26. The g__________ of the new policy are very clear.
27. The a__________ of this book is a famous writer.
28. She was u__________ about the news and started crying.

Part B 单句语法填空（用所给词的正确形式填空）

29. The __________ (embarrass) moment made her face turn red.
30. This is a __________ (particular) difficult problem to solve.
31. The __________ (define) of this word is very clear.
32. She felt __________ (upset) about the bad news.
33. The __________ (philosophy) ideas of Confucius are still influential today.
34. Each __________ (individual) has their own unique personality.
35. The __________ (puzzle) look on his face showed that he didn’t understand.

六、单词默写（汉译英）

错误的；假的 __________

特别的；挑剔的 __________

使人尴尬的 __________

嘲笑，取笑（短语） __________

苦恼的，沮丧的 __________

指导方针；准则 __________

作者，作家 __________

诀窍，建议 __________

熟悉的，通晓的 __________

记住……（短语） __________

给……下定义 __________

箱，盒；案件；情况 __________

官邸，巨宅 __________

墓地；公墓 __________

哲学，哲学体系 __________

后代，后裔 __________

个别的；个人 __________

（鞋、袜、脚）后跟 __________

致命的弱点（短语） __________

王国；领域 __________

首领；首席的 __________

谜；使迷惑 __________

附近的；在附近 __________

孔子 __________

保护（DAY 8） __________

保护；保存（DAY 12） __________

文化遗产（DAY 12） __________

意识到的（DAY 16） __________

有效的（DAY 17） __________

通道；访问（DAY 19） __________