新课2 必修第一册Unit1 School Life（语法+写作预习）（沪外版）（教材预习，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

沪外版必修一Unit1 School Life（语法+写作） 目录 单元语法：过去将来时 写作聚焦：校园生活 学以致用：巩固提升，全面突破 单元语法 过去将来时 一、 核心概念与结构 (Concept & Structure) 1. 定义解析 过去将来时表示站在过去的某个时间点，看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。过去将来时常用“would + 动词原形”或“was / were going to + 动词原形”来表达。 · 时间轴示意： Past Reference Point (过去参照点) ---> Future Action from that point (相对于过去的将来) · 典型标志词：the next day, the following week, soon, in two days (需结合上下文判断是否为过去视角)。 2. 五大构成形式 形式 侧重点/语境 Would/Should + V. 最常用的形式。would用于所有人称；should仅用于第一人称(I/we)，多见于正式文体或英式英语。表示意愿、预测或习惯。 Was/Were going to + V. 强调计划、打算或有迹象表明即将发生。常暗示动作最终可能未发生（视语境而定）。 Was/Were to + V. 表示注定、安排或命运。常用于新闻、历史叙述或正式安排，语气较客观。 Was/Were about to + V. 表示正要、即将做某事。强调动作迫在眉睫，通常不与具体的时间状语连用，常与 when 引导的从句搭配。 was/were doing go/come/leave等趋向或瞬时动词，用在过去进行时态中表示过去将来。 二、 核心用法与典型语境 (Usage & Context) 1. 宾语从句中的“时态呼应” (Sequence of Tenses) 这是过去将来时最高频的使用场景。当主句谓语动词为过去时（如 said, thought, knew），且从句动作发生在主句动作之后，从句需用过去将来时。 · He said that he would visit his grandparents the next weekend. (他说他下个周末要去探望祖父母。) 解析：说话时是过去（said），探望动作在说话之后，故用 would visit。 · I didn't know if she was going to come. (我不知道她是否打算来。) 2. 表示过去未曾实现的计划或意图 常与 but, however 等转折连词连用，暗示“本想……但是……”。 · I was going to call you, but I forgot my phone at home. (我本打算给你打电话，但我把手机忘在家里了。) · We were to have met at 8:00, but he was late. (我们原定8点见面，但他迟到了。) 3. 叙述故事或新闻中的“后续发展” 在讲述过去发生的一系列事件时，用过去将来时预告接下来要发生的事情，增加叙事的连贯性和悬念感。 · In 1990, no one knew that the internet would change the world forever. (在1990年，没人知道互联网将永远改变世界。) · He left the house, little knowing that he was never to return. (他离开了家，丝毫不知道他再也回不来了。) —— 此处 was to 带有命运注定的色彩。 4. “Be about to... when...” 句型 表示“正要做某事，这时突然……”。 · I was about to go out when the telephone rang. (我正要出门，这时电话响了。) 注意：when 在此处意为 at that moment，引导的动作通常是突发的、短暂的。 三、 重点难点辨析 (Key Distinctions) 1. Would do vs. Was/Were going to do · Would do：侧重主观意愿、预测或过去的习惯性动作（注意区分：若表示过去习惯，常有 often, always 等词，此时不表将来）。 · He said he would help me. (承诺/意愿) · Was/Were going to do：侧重事先的计划、打算，或有客观迹象表明即将发生。 · Look at the dark clouds! It was going to rain. (基于迹象的推测) 2. Was/Were to do vs. Was/Were going to do · Was/Were to do：语气更正式，常表示“官方安排”、“命中注定”或“后来确实发生了的事”。 · The meeting was to be held in Paris. (安排) · Was/Were going to do：更口语化，常隐含“计划落空”的意思。 · I was going to buy a car, but I ran out of money. (计划未遂) 3. 过去将来时 vs. 一般过去时 · 一般过去时：动作已在过去完成。 · He left for Beijing yesterday. (已经走了) · 过去将来时：站在过去看未来，动作在当时尚未发生。 · He said he would leave for Beijing the next day. (当时还没走，计划第二天走) 4. come, go, arrive, leave, die 等趋向或瞬时动词，用在过去进行时态中表示过去将来。 如：She told us that she was leaving for Yunnan. 她告诉我们她将要去云南。 四、 课堂练习 (Classroom Activities) 根据语境选择最合适的过去将来时形式。 1. The train ________ (leave) in ten minutes, so hurry up! (基于时刻表的安排) 2. I ________ (call) you, but my battery died. (未实现的计划) 3. She promised that she ________ (never / betray) her friends. (意愿/承诺) 4. We ________ (start) dinner when the guests arrived. (正要……这时……) 写作聚焦 一、写作任务聚焦： （校园生活） 1. **记叙文写作** - 任务描述：围绕新生适应经历展开叙事，例如描述开学第一天的事件（如课堂互动、社团活动），要求包含时间、地点、人物及情感变化线索。 - 能力目标：训练时间线叙事技巧，融入情感描写（如忐忑→成长），并分析语篇的语用价值（如Jim的作文因创新获评A的合理性）。 2. **建议类应用文** - 任务示例：以书信形式给新生提出适应建议（如时间管理、社交技巧），需使用得体建议句式（如"You might consider..."）。 二、典例剖析 1．假定你是李津，你的美国朋友 Chris今年作为交换生去了德国，无法适应新的校园生活，写信向你倾诉他的烦恼。请你给他回复一封建议信，内容包括： 1.表示理解对方心情； 2.分析可能的原因并给出合理的建议(以下原因至少选三项) (1)语言不通，造成交流障碍 (2)学习压力大，课程难、节奏快 (3)文化差异大，沟通不畅 (4)社恐，性格内向安静，不爱参加集体活动 3.鼓励对方 参考词汇：交换生 exchange student 德国 Germany 美国 America 障碍 barrier 内向的 introverted Dear Chris, I’m very sorry to hear that you are feeling anxious about your new high school life. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学以致用 一、单句语法填空（用所给动词的适当形式填空） 1. My deskmate promised he ____________ (help) me with my grammar the next weekend. 2. The teacher told us that we ____________ (have) an exam two days later. 3. I didn’t know whether they ____________ (arrive) on time the next morning. 4. He said he ____________ (not go) to the party because he was busy. 5. She told me that the train ____________ (leave) at 8:00 the next day. 6. We were informed that we ____________ (visit) the museum the following week. 7. I wondered if he ____________ (join) us in the volunteer activity. 8. They said they ____________ (complete) the project before Friday. 9. My mother said she ____________ (buy) me a new dictionary when she went shopping. 10. The radio reported that it ____________ (rain) the next afternoon. 二. 根据要求翻译句子（时态） 1．当我在那家公司工作时，我会在早上5点起床。 When I worked in that company, I at 5 am. 2．我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。 We leave when it began to rain. 3．老板说，他将在不久的将来把业务扩展到国外。 The boss said that he in the near future. 4．我正要去购物，他给我打了个电话。 when he called me. 5．我不知道他是否会来。 I didn’t know if he . 6．他们说了再见，但一点也不知道他们再也不能“再见”了。(be +不定式) They said goodbye, not knowing that again at all. 7．The train ( 火车就快开了) and I was not even on the platform. 8．他答应过要努力工作，没有让我失望。 He promised that he , and he didn’t let me down. 9．第二个周末他们要为新房子买更多的家具。   more furniture for the new flat the next weekend. 10．天气预报说明天天气暖和。 The weather forecast said that the next day. 三、写作训练 假如你是明启中学高一学生李明。最近收到你就读于其他学校的好朋友张伟的邮件，他正在为选科的事情纠结：究竟该理化双选还是选自己喜欢的科目？就此想征求你的意见。请回复一封邮件，谈谈你的看法。（选修课程：optional course  文科：liberal arts  理科：sciences) 你的邮件内容需包括： 你的建议； 你的理由。 （文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称） _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 沪外版必修一Unit1 School Life（语法+写作） 目录 单元语法：过去将来时 写作聚焦：校园生活 学以致用：巩固提升，全面突破 单元语法 过去将来时 一、 核心概念与结构 (Concept & Structure) 1. 定义解析 过去将来时表示站在过去的某个时间点，看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。过去将来时常用“would + 动词原形”或“was / were going to + 动词原形”来表达。 · 时间轴示意： Past Reference Point (过去参照点) ---> Future Action from that point (相对于过去的将来) · 典型标志词：the next day, the following week, soon, in two days (需结合上下文判断是否为过去视角)。 2. 五大构成形式 形式 侧重点/语境 Would/Should + V. 最常用的形式。would用于所有人称；should仅用于第一人称(I/we)，多见于正式文体或英式英语。表示意愿、预测或习惯。 Was/Were going to + V. 强调计划、打算或有迹象表明即将发生。常暗示动作最终可能未发生（视语境而定）。 Was/Were to + V. 表示注定、安排或命运。常用于新闻、历史叙述或正式安排，语气较客观。 Was/Were about to + V. 表示正要、即将做某事。强调动作迫在眉睫，通常不与具体的时间状语连用，常与 when 引导的从句搭配。 was/were doing go/come/leave等趋向或瞬时动词，用在过去进行时态中表示过去将来。 二、 核心用法与典型语境 (Usage & Context) 1. 宾语从句中的“时态呼应” (Sequence of Tenses) 这是过去将来时最高频的使用场景。当主句谓语动词为过去时（如 said, thought, knew），且从句动作发生在主句动作之后，从句需用过去将来时。 · He said that he would visit his grandparents the next weekend. (他说他下个周末要去探望祖父母。) 解析：说话时是过去（said），探望动作在说话之后，故用 would visit。 · I didn't know if she was going to come. (我不知道她是否打算来。) 2. 表示过去未曾实现的计划或意图 常与 but, however 等转折连词连用，暗示“本想……但是……”。 · I was going to call you, but I forgot my phone at home. (我本打算给你打电话，但我把手机忘在家里了。) · We were to have met at 8:00, but he was late. (我们原定8点见面，但他迟到了。) 3. 叙述故事或新闻中的“后续发展” 在讲述过去发生的一系列事件时，用过去将来时预告接下来要发生的事情，增加叙事的连贯性和悬念感。 · In 1990, no one knew that the internet would change the world forever. (在1990年，没人知道互联网将永远改变世界。) · He left the house, little knowing that he was never to return. (他离开了家，丝毫不知道他再也回不来了。) —— 此处 was to 带有命运注定的色彩。 4. “Be about to... when...” 句型 表示“正要做某事，这时突然……”。 · I was about to go out when the telephone rang. (我正要出门，这时电话响了。) 注意：when 在此处意为 at that moment，引导的动作通常是突发的、短暂的。 三、 重点难点辨析 (Key Distinctions) 1. Would do vs. Was/Were going to do · Would do：侧重主观意愿、预测或过去的习惯性动作（注意区分：若表示过去习惯，常有 often, always 等词，此时不表将来）。 · He said he would help me. (承诺/意愿) · Was/Were going to do：侧重事先的计划、打算，或有客观迹象表明即将发生。 · Look at the dark clouds! It was going to rain. (基于迹象的推测) 2. Was/Were to do vs. Was/Were going to do · Was/Were to do：语气更正式，常表示“官方安排”、“命中注定”或“后来确实发生了的事”。 · The meeting was to be held in Paris. (安排) · Was/Were going to do：更口语化，常隐含“计划落空”的意思。 · I was going to buy a car, but I ran out of money. (计划未遂) 3. 过去将来时 vs. 一般过去时 · 一般过去时：动作已在过去完成。 · He left for Beijing yesterday. (已经走了) · 过去将来时：站在过去看未来，动作在当时尚未发生。 · He said he would leave for Beijing the next day. (当时还没走，计划第二天走) 4. come, go, arrive, leave, die 等趋向或瞬时动词，用在过去进行时态中表示过去将来。 如：She told us that she was leaving for Yunnan. 她告诉我们她将要去云南。 四、 课堂练习 (Classroom Activities) 根据语境选择最合适的过去将来时形式。 1. The train ________ (leave) in ten minutes, so hurry up! (基于时刻表的安排) → was to leave / was leaving 2. I ________ (call) you, but my battery died. (未实现的计划) → was going to call 3. She promised that she ________ (never / betray) her friends. (意愿/承诺) → would never betray 4. We ________ (start) dinner when the guests arrived. (正要……这时……) → were about to start 写作聚焦 一、写作任务聚焦： （校园生活） 1. **记叙文写作** - 任务描述：围绕新生适应经历展开叙事，例如描述开学第一天的事件（如课堂互动、社团活动），要求包含时间、地点、人物及情感变化线索。 - 能力目标：训练时间线叙事技巧，融入情感描写（如忐忑→成长），并分析语篇的语用价值（如Jim的作文因创新获评A的合理性）。 2. **建议类应用文** - 任务示例：以书信形式给新生提出适应建议（如时间管理、社交技巧），需使用得体建议句式（如"You might consider..."）。 二、典例剖析 1．假定你是李津，你的美国朋友 Chris今年作为交换生去了德国，无法适应新的校园生活，写信向你倾诉他的烦恼。请你给他回复一封建议信，内容包括： 1.表示理解对方心情； 2.分析可能的原因并给出合理的建议(以下原因至少选三项) (1)语言不通，造成交流障碍 (2)学习压力大，课程难、节奏快 (3)文化差异大，沟通不畅 (4)社恐，性格内向安静，不爱参加集体活动 3.鼓励对方 参考词汇：交换生 exchange student 德国 Germany 美国 America 障碍 barrier 内向的 introverted Dear Chris, I’m very sorry to hear that you are feeling anxious about your new high school life. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Chris, I’m very sorry to hear that you are feeling anxious about your new high school life. It’s completely normal to feel this way as an exchange student in a new country. Language barriers might be causing communication issues, and the fast-paced courses could be overwhelming. Cultural differences could also lead to misunderstandings. Try joining language clubs and social events to meet people. Stay positive — you’ll adapt soon! Yours, Li Jin 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给美国朋友Chris写信，就他作为交换生在德国无法适应新的校园生活的问题给出建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 完全地：completely→totally 正常的：normal→common 问题：issue→problem 适应：adapt→adjust 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Try joining language clubs and social events to meet people. 拓展句：You can try joining language clubs and social events so that you can meet people. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Language barriers might be causing communication issues, and the fast-paced courses could be overwhelming. (运用了and连接并列句) 【高分句型2】It’s completely normal to feel this way as an exchange student in a new country. (运用了it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语的结构) 学以致用 一、单句语法填空（用所给动词的适当形式填空） 1. My deskmate promised he ____________ (help) me with my grammar the next weekend. 2. The teacher told us that we ____________ (have) an exam two days later. 3. I didn’t know whether they ____________ (arrive) on time the next morning. 4. He said he ____________ (not go) to the party because he was busy. 5. She told me that the train ____________ (leave) at 8:00 the next day. 6. We were informed that we ____________ (visit) the museum the following week. 7. I wondered if he ____________ (join) us in the volunteer activity. 8. They said they ____________ (complete) the project before Friday. 9. My mother said she ____________ (buy) me a new dictionary when she went shopping. 10. The radio reported that it ____________ (rain) the next afternoon. 【答案】 1. · would help 解析：主句promised为过去时，从句时间the next weekend，用过去将来时would do。 句意：我的同桌承诺下周末会帮我补习语法。 2. · · would have / were going to have 解析：主句told过去时，从句two days later，用过去将来时。 句意：老师告诉我们两天后要考试。 3. · · would arrive / were going to arrive 解析：主句didn’t know过去时，从句the next morning，用过去将来时。 句意：我不知道他们第二天早上是否会准时到达。 4. · · would not go / wasn’t going to go 解析：主句said过去时，从句表将来否定。 句意：他说他不会去参加聚会，因为他很忙。 5. · · would leave / was leaving 解析：leave趋向动词可用was/were doing表过去将来；也可用would do。 句意：她告诉我火车第二天早上八点发车。 6. · · would visit / were going to visit 解析：主句were informed过去时，从句the following week表过去将来。 句意：我们被告知下周要去参观博物馆。 7. · · would join 解析：主句wondered过去时，从句表将来。 句意：我想知道他是否会加入我们的志愿活动。 8. · · would complete 解析：主句said过去时，从句表将来动作。 句意：他们说会在周五前完成这个项目。 9. · · would buy / was going to buy 解析：主句said过去时，从句表计划。 句意：妈妈说她去购物时会给我买一本新词典。 10. · · would rain / was going to rain 解析：主句reported过去时，从句表天气预测。 句意：广播报道第二天下午会下雨。 二. 根据要求翻译句子（时态） 1．当我在那家公司工作时，我会在早上5点起床。 When I worked in that company, I at 5 am. 【答案】 would get up 【详解】考查时态。“会”表示过去常常做某事，应该用过去将来时，would+动词原形。“起床”为get up。故填would get up。 2．我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。 We leave when it began to rain. 【答案】 were about to 【详解】考查动词时态和短语。句意：我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。本句为be about to do sth when....句型，再根据“ began ”可知，为过去将来时。故填were about to。 3．老板说，他将在不久的将来把业务扩展到国外。 The boss said that he in the near future. 【答案】would extend his business to foreign countries 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“把……扩展到……”使用动词短语extend...to...，“业务”使用名词business，“国外”使用短语foreign countries，主句中said使用的是一般过去时，宾语从句表示将来，应用过去将来时。故填would extend his business to foreign countries。 4．我正要去购物，他给我打了个电话。 when he called me. 【答案】I was about to go shopping / I was on the point of going shopping 【详解】考查固定句型和动词的时态。be about to do sth when与be on the point of doing sth when译为“正要做某事时，突然……”，“购物”译为go shopping，由when he called me可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，故填I was about to go shopping/I was on the point of going shopping。 5．我不知道他是否会来。 I didn’t know if he . 【答案】would come 【详解】考查动词时态。主句为过去时态，宾语从句“他是否会来”需用过去将来时，谓语动词为would+do。“来”为“come”。故填would come。 6．他们说了再见，但一点也不知道他们再也不能“再见”了。(be +不定式) They said goodbye, not knowing that again at all. 【答案】they were never to meet 【详解】考查动词时态。根据提示和句意，此处是be +不定式，表示将来，再根据所给汉语，表示“他们再也不能“再见”了”应为they were never to meet。故填they were never to meet。 7．The train ( 火车就快开了) and I was not even on the platform. 【答案】 was about to leave 【详解】考查时态。句意：火车就快开了，可我还没到站台。空格处是句子的谓语部分，根据汉语提示“火车就快开了”以及后文的was可知，此处应使用过去将来时，用到固定句型be about to do，主语The train是第三人称单数形式，be动词应使用was，表示“离开”应使用动词leave。故填was；about；to；leave。 8．他答应过要努力工作，没有让我失望。 He promised that he , and he didn’t let me down. 【答案】would work hard 【详解】考查动词时态。分析句子和句意可知，空处应为谓语部分，表示“要努力工作”，动词短语work hard意为“努力工作”；根据“promised”、“didn’t let”和句意可知，应用过去将来时，表示过去将要发生的动作。故填would work hard。 9．第二个周末他们要为新房子买更多的家具。   more furniture for the new flat the next weekend. 【答案】They were going to buy 【详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“他们要买”，由the next weekend可知，也就是他们将要买，“将要做某事”是be going to do，“买”是buy，句子描述的是过去将来的事情，时态用过去将来时，主语“他们”是they，是复数，因此be动词用were，位于句首的单词首字母大写，因此空格处是They were going to buy。故填They were going to buy。 10．天气预报说明天天气暖和。 The weather forecast said that the next day. 【答案】it was going to be warm 【详解】考查动词时态、形容词。分析句子结构可知，that引导宾语从句。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“天气暖和”。在宾语从句中，表示“天气”用it，作主语； 表示“要，会，将要”用be going to，由said和the next day可知，从句时态用过去将来时，故用was going to be；表示“暖和”用形容词warm，作表语。故填it was going to be warm。 三、写作训练 假如你是明启中学高一学生李明。最近收到你就读于其他学校的好朋友张伟的邮件，他正在为选科的事情纠结：究竟该理化双选还是选自己喜欢的科目？就此想征求你的意见。请回复一封邮件，谈谈你的看法。（选修课程：optional course  文科：liberal arts  理科：sciences) 你的邮件内容需包括： 你的建议； 你的理由。 （文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称） _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Zhang Wei, Having received your email and understand that you’re facing a tough decision regarding your optional courses, I’d like to share my thoughts on this matter. Firstly, I suggest you choose the subjects that you are genuinely interested in, because being passionate about a subject often leads to better performance. If you have a strong liking for a particular subject, such as art, literature, or even a science topic that fascinates you, pursuing it can make your study experience more enjoyable and fulfilling. Secondly, consider your future aspirations. Think about what career path you might want to take in the future. It’s essential to align your current studies with your long-term goals. In conclusion, my advice is to weigh your interests and consider your future plans. Whatever decision you make, make sure it’s one that you feel good about and that will help you grow academically and personally. Wishing you all the best in making this important choice! Best regards, Li Ming 【导语】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生代替李明给张伟回信，就他所纠结的选科问题提出自己的看法。 【详解】1.词汇积累： 关于：regarding→in regard to/with respect to 建议：suggest→propose/advise/recommend 喜欢：be passionate about→be interested in/be enthusiastic about/be keen on/be fascinated by 考虑：consider→take…into consideration/take…into account 2.句式拓展： 同义句 原句：Firstly, I suggest you choose the subjects that you are genuinely interested in, because being passionate about a subject often leads to better performance. 拓展句：Firstly, I suggest you choose the subjects interesting you, because being passionate about a subject often leads to better performance. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 Think about what career path you might want to take in the future.(运用了what引导宾语从句) 【高分句型2】 Whatever decision you make, make sure it’s one that you feel good about and that will help you grow academically and personally.(运用了whatever引导让步状语以及that引导定语从句) 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $