新课3 必修第一册 Unit 2 Language and Culture（词汇+课文）（沪外版）（教材预习讲义，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

沪外版必修一Unit 2 Language and Culture（单词+课文） 目录 重点速记：单元词汇、词块词组梳理 课文聚焦：课文预习、重难句式讲解 学以致用：巩固提升，点面夯实突破 重点速记 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 confusing adj. 难以理解的 - soil n. 国土；领土；土壤 - immediate adj. 立即的，立刻的 immediate action（立即行动） confusion n. 困惑；不确定 in confusion（困惑地） embarrassment n. 窘迫；难堪，左右为难 with embarrassment（尴尬地） pleasant adj. 令人愉快的；可喜的 a pleasant experience（愉快的经历） deliver v. 递送；传送 deliver a package（递送包裹） signal v. 发信号；示意；标志；表明 signal to sb.（向某人示意） wrist n. 手腕 - shrug v. 耸肩（表示不知道或不在乎） shrug one's shoulders（耸肩） obviously adv. 显然，明显地 - fault n. 责任；过失 at fault（有责任） fade v. 逐渐消失；逐渐消逝 fade away（逐渐消失） memory n. 回忆；记忆 in memory of（纪念） fluency n. 流利，流畅 fluency in...（在…… 方面流利） literally adv. 按字面；字面上 - context n. 上下文，语境 in context（在上下文中） linguist n. 语言学家 - within prep. 不出（某段时间）；在（某段时间）之内 within an hour（一小时内） attitude n. 看法；态度 attitude towards...（对…… 的态度） dramatically adv. 显著地；剧烈地 - appointment n. 约会；预约 make an appointment（预约） panic v. （使）惊慌，惊慌失措 panic about sth.（为某事惊慌） ironically adv. （因出乎意料）奇怪地 - set foot on 动词短语 进入，访问，参观（某地） set foot on foreign land（踏上异国土地） fry n. 炸薯条 - snail n. 蜗牛 - cheese n. 奶酪 - amazed adj. 大为惊奇的 amazed at...（对…… 感到惊奇） portion n. （食物的）一份 a portion of food（一份食物） chip n. （BrE）炸薯条 - plate n. 盘子；碟子 - packet n. 小包装纸袋，小硬纸板盒 a packet of...（一小包……） crisp n. 炸土豆片，炸薯片 - gravy n. （调味）肉汁 - salty adj. 含盐的；咸的 - sauce n. 调味汁；酱 - savoury adj. 咸味的 - snack n. 点心；小吃 snack bar（小吃店） embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的 embarrassed by...（因…… 尴尬） pants n. （BrE）内裤；短裤 /（especially NAmE）trousers 裤子 - underwear n. 内衣 - disgusted adj. 厌恶的；憎恶的；反感的 disgusted with...（对…… 厌恶） eggplant n. 茄子 - pizza n. 比萨饼；意大利饼 - likely adj. 可能的；预料的 likely to do...（可能做……） vocabulary n. 词汇，词汇量 expand vocabulary（扩大词汇量） all the way 副词短语 一路上；自始至终 all the way through（自始至终） on earth 副词短语 （加强疑问句的语气）到底，究竟 what on earth（究竟什么） gesture n. 手势；姿势；示意动作 make a gesture（做手势） differ v. 相异；有区别；不同于 differ from...（与…… 不同） mostly adv. 主要地；一般地；通常 - besides adv. 而且；再说 /prep. 除…… 之外 hug v. 拥抱；搂抱 hug sb.（拥抱某人） alternative n. 可供选择的事物 an alternative to...（…… 的替代品） differ from 动词短语 区别于；不同于 differ from each other（互相不同） 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. confusing adj. 困惑的 → confuse v. 使困惑；confusion n. 混乱 2. immediate adj. 立即的 → immediately adv. 立刻；immediacy n. 直接性 3. embarrassment n. 窘迫 → embarrass v. 使尴尬；embarrassed adj. 尴尬的 4. deliver v. 递送 → delivery n. 投递；deliverer n. 递送者 5. signal v./n. 信号 → signaling n. 发信号；signal adj. 显著的 6. fault n. 责任 → faulty adj. 有错误的；faultlessly adv. 完美地 7. context n. 语境 → contextual adj. 上下文的；contextually adv. 语境上地 8. attitude n. 态度 → attitudinal adj. 态度的（学术用词） 9. panic v./n. 惊慌 → panicked adj. 惊慌的；panicky adj. 恐慌的 10. differ v. 不同 → difference n. 差异；different adj. 不同的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1 set foot on Mexican soil 踏上墨西哥国土 2 take him at his word 相信他的话 3 deliver the ice-cream for me 把冰激凌递送给我 4 a mix of confusion and embarrassment 混杂着困惑与尴尬 5 make a rush for the nearest bus 朝着最近的公交车冲去 6 signal to the seller 向小贩示意 7 fade from one’s memory 从记忆里逐渐淡忘 8 change greatly with context 随着语境有很大的变化 9 refuse an offer 拒绝好意 10 a reflection of different cultural understandings of time 反映了不同文化对时间的理解 11 worry about being late 担心迟到 12 on time for appointment 准时赴约 13 the attitude towards time 对待时间的态度 14 travel all the way 一路旅行 15 order a portion of French fries/chips 点了一份薯条 16 a packet of crisps 一袋薯片 17 savoury snacks 咸味的点心 18 on earth 究竟 19 the excitement of learning a language 学习语言的兴奋之处 20 the difference in vocabulary 词汇量的不同 核心词汇精讲 1. deliver v. 递送；传送；发表（演讲） We will deliver the packages to your door within three days. 我们会在三天内把包裹送到你家门口。 【拓展】delivery n. 递送；交付 【固定搭配】deliver goods 送货；deliver a speech 发表演讲 2.signal v. 发信号；示意；标志 n. 信号，暗号 He signaled to me that it was time to leave. 他向我示意该离开了。 拓展】signal n. 信号；sign n. 迹象，符号 【搭配】signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 3.fault n. 过失；责任；故障 v. 指责 It’s not your fault that the misunderstanding happened. 产生这场误会不是你的错。 【拓展】faulty adj. 有缺陷的；有故障的 【搭配】It’s one’s fault 是某人的责任；find fault with sb. 挑某人毛病 4.memory n. 记忆；回忆；记忆力 The happy memory of the trip will never fade away. 这次旅行的美好回忆永远不会消逝。 【拓展】memorize vt. 记住；memorial adj. 纪念的 【搭配】in memory of 纪念；short-term memory 短期记忆 5.fluency n. （语言）流利，流畅 Practice every day to improve your oral fluency in Spanish. 每天练习提升你的西班牙语口语流利度。 【拓展】fluent adj. 流利的；fluently adv. 流利地 【搭配】gain fluency 变得流利 6.context n. 上下文；语境；背景 You can guess the word’s meaning from the context. 你可以结合语境猜出单词含义。 【搭配】in context 在语境中；social context 社会背景 7.attitude n. 态度；看法 Your attitude towards mistakes decides how fast you progress. 你对待错误的态度决定你的进步速度。 【搭配】attitude to/towards sth. 对某事的态度；positive attitude 积极态度 8.dramatically adv. 显著地；剧烈地 People’s opinions have changed dramatically in recent years. 近几年人们的观念发生了巨大变化。 【拓展】dramatic adj. 巨大的；戏剧的；drama n. 戏剧 【写作加分】increase dramatically 大幅增长 9.appointment n. 预约；约会 I have an appointment with the linguist this Friday afternoon. 这周五下午我和这位语言学家有约。 【拓展】appoint vt. 任命；约定 【搭配】make an appointment 预约；cancel an appointment 取消预约 10.panic v. (panicked, panicked)（使）惊慌失措 n. 恐慌 Don’t panic when you set foot on a totally strange land. 踏上完全陌生的土地时不要惊慌。 【搭配】panic about sth. 因某事恐慌；in panic 惊慌地 11. embarrassed adj. 尴尬的；窘迫的 He felt deeply embarrassed after making that silly mistake. 犯下那个低级错误后他十分难堪。 【拓展】embarrass v. 使尴尬；embarrassment n. 尴尬 【辨析】embarrassed（人感到尴尬）；embarrassing（令人尴尬的） 12.confused adj. 困惑的；难以理解的（confusing 令人困惑的） I was confused by the confusing local customs in Mexico. 墨西哥令人费解的当地习俗让我一头雾水。 【拓展】confuse vt. 使困惑；confusion n. 困惑 【搭配】be confused about 对…… 感到困惑 13.portion n. （食物的）一份；一部分 A small portion of the pizza was left on the plate. 盘子里剩下一小块披萨。 【辨析】portion 侧重食物、分配份额；part 泛指普通部分 14.disgusted adj. 厌恶的；反感的 She felt disgusted at the salty, savoury snack. 这份又咸又腻的小吃让她感到反胃。 【拓展】disgust v. 使厌恶 n. 反感 【搭配】be disgusted with/at sth. 厌恶某物 15.literally adv. 按字面地；确实地 Don’t take his words literally; he just joked. 别按字面理解他的话，他只是开玩笑。 【拓展】literal adj. 字面的；文字的 【写作用法】literally speaking 说实话；确切来讲 课文聚焦 一、原文呈现： THE CONFUSING WAY MEXICANS TELL TIME · When I first set foot on Mexican soil, I spoke Spanish well. So when I asked a local ice-cream seller for an ice-cream, and he said “ahorita”,which directly translates to “right now,” I took him at his word, believing that its arrival was immediate. Comment by F M: 表示踏入的意思，尤指以前未曾到过的地方。 Comment by F M: take sb. at his word表示相信了某人的话。 · I sat near his shop and waited. Half an hour passed and still no ice-cream arrived, so I asked again about it. “Ahorita,” he told me again. His face was a mix of confusion and maybe even embarrassment. · I was torn. Waiting longer wasn’t pleasant, but I felt it was impolite to walk away, especially if the ice-cream was now being delivered just for me. But finally, after waiting too long, I made a rush for the nearest bus to take me home. As I left, I signaled at my wrist and shrugged to the ice-cream seller. Obviously I couldn’t wait any longer and it really wasn’t my fault. His face was, once again, one of total confusion. Comment by F M: deliver表示递送的意思。 delivered food 外卖 Comment by F M: make a rush for sp. 匆匆赶往某地。 Comment by F M: signal做动词有发信号，示意的意思。 Comment by F M: 习惯性表达，表程度，翻译成十分疑惑。 · This experience faded from my memory until years later when I came back to live in Mexico. I discovered that understanding “ahorita” took not a fluency in the language, but rather a fluency in the culture. When someone from Mexico says “ahorita,” it should almost never be taken literally; its meaning changes greatly with context. As a linguist told me, “Ahorita could mean tomorrow, in an hour, within five years or never.” It is even used as a polite way of saying “no, thanks” when refusing an offer. Comment by F M: fade表示“逐渐消失，褪色”的意思。它是一个不及物动词。 Comment by F M: 这两句话的字面意思比较晦涩，在理解了fluency的基础之上可以意译。 Comment by F M: 该副词有2个重要意思：一是表强调，真地；真正地；二是表示从字面意思上。这两种用法都会经常考到。 · Difficulty in explaining what I have come to call “Ahorita Time” is a reflection of different cultural understandings of time. Since I moved to Mexico, my attitude towards time has changed dramatically. I don’t worry so much about being late; I am generally still on time for appointments, but when I’m not, I don’t panic. Ironically, it would seem that “Ahorita Time” has actually allowed me to live far more in the “right now” than I ever did before. Comment by F M: 这又是一个常考的副词，表示程度，“大幅，显著，戏剧般地” Comment by F M: 具有讽刺意味地 二、课文研习： 重难句式及解析 1. “So when I asked a local ice-cream seller for an ice-cream, and he said ‘ahorita’, which directly translates to ‘right now,’ I took him at his word, believing that its arrival was immediate.” 句式结构：复合句（时间状语从句 + 定语从句 + 分词短语作状语 + 宾语从句）。 解析： 时间状语从句：“when I asked...and he said ‘ahorita’” 包含两个并列的动作（“asked” 和 “said”），交代主句动作发生的背景。 定语从句：“which directly translates to ‘right now’” 修饰 “ahorita”，解释其字面含义。 主句：“I took him at his word” 为简单句，而 “believing that its arrival was immediate” 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中 “that its arrival was immediate” 是宾语从句，体现 “我” 的心理预期，全句通过多层修饰结构展现事件的因果关系。 2. “I discovered that understanding ‘ahorita’ took not a fluency in the language, but rather a fluency in the culture.” 句式结构：复合句（宾语从句 + 并列对比结构）。 解析： 主句为 “I discovered that...”，“that” 引导宾语从句，充当 “discovered” 的宾语。 宾语从句中，主语是动名词短语 “understanding ‘ahorita’”，谓语是 “took”，宾语通过 “not...but rather...” 形成对比结构（“not a fluency in the language” 与 “a fluency in the culture”），强调理解 “ahorita” 的本质在于文化而非语言本身，句式通过对比逻辑增强了表达的深度。 3. “Difficulty in explaining what I have come to call ‘Ahorita Time’ is a reflection of different cultural understandings of time.” 句式结构：复合句（含宾语从句的名词性短语作主语）。 解析： 主语是 “Difficulty in explaining what I have come to call ‘Ahorita Time’”，其中 “in explaining...” 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “Difficulty”。 “what I have come to call ‘Ahorita Time’” 是宾语从句，充当 “explaining” 的宾语，“what” 在从句中作 “call” 的宾语，“Ahorita Time” 是宾语补足语。 系表结构 “is a reflection of different cultural understandings of time” 进一步解释主语的性质，全句通过多层修饰成分将抽象概念 “文化对时间的理解” 具体化，句式逻辑严谨且信息密度高。 学以致用 一、单词拼写 1. I felt c__________（困惑的）when learning the confusing cultural rules in Mexico. 2. The postman will d__________（递送）letters and parcels to every house before noon. 3. The driver tried to s__________（示意）to the pedestrian to cross the street safely. 4. It is not your f__________（过失）that the communication went wrong. 5. The sweet m__________（回忆）of travelling will never fade from my mind. 6. Daily practice greatly improves your oral f__________（流利度）in Spanish. 7. You can figure out the unknown word’s meaning from the c__________（语境）. 8. A positive a__________（态度）towards language learning leads to greater progress. 9. People’s views on cross-culture communication have changed d__________（显著地）. 10. I have an a__________（预约）with a linguist to talk about cultural differences. 11. Don’t p__________（惊慌）when you meet unfamiliar local customs abroad. 12. He was deeply e__________（尴尬的）for mixing up British and American food terms. 13. Please give me a small p__________（一份）of pizza with cheese and eggplant. 14. She felt d__________（反感的）at the overly salty local savoury snacks. 15. Don’t take every word he said l__________（按字面地）; he was just joking. 二、完成句子 alternative gesture differ fade embarrassment deliver confusion likely signal disgusted appointment 1. You mustn't fire without my __________. 没我的信号不许开枪。 2. I'm ___________ with what she said. 我对她的话很反感. 3. He made a rude __________ with his fingers. 他用手指做了一个不礼貌的手势. 4. Allow me to clear up this __________. 请允许我澄清这种混淆. 5. It's so cloudy and cold that it's ____________to snow. 天气又阴又冷,大半要下雪. 6. She made an ___________for her son to see the doctor. 她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。 7. He's not used to making speeches in public; it's so . 他不习惯在大庭广众中演讲, 因为这太使人窘迫了. 8. When the night light gradually ___________, the world entered the dark. 当夜晚的灯光渐渐褪去, 世界就进入了黑暗. 9. A parcel weighing half a ton has just been _____________. 一个半吨重的包裹刚刚递送出去. 10. Drivers are advised to seek ______________routes. 驾车者被告知需另寻其他路线。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 沪外版必修一Unit 2 Language and Culture（单词+课文） 目录 重点速记：单元词汇、词块词组梳理 课文聚焦：课文预习、重难句式讲解 学以致用：巩固提升，点面夯实突破 重点速记 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 confusing adj. 难以理解的 - soil n. 国土；领土；土壤 - immediate adj. 立即的，立刻的 immediate action（立即行动） confusion n. 困惑；不确定 in confusion（困惑地） embarrassment n. 窘迫；难堪，左右为难 with embarrassment（尴尬地） pleasant adj. 令人愉快的；可喜的 a pleasant experience（愉快的经历） deliver v. 递送；传送 deliver a package（递送包裹） signal v. 发信号；示意；标志；表明 signal to sb.（向某人示意） wrist n. 手腕 - shrug v. 耸肩（表示不知道或不在乎） shrug one's shoulders（耸肩） obviously adv. 显然，明显地 - fault n. 责任；过失 at fault（有责任） fade v. 逐渐消失；逐渐消逝 fade away（逐渐消失） memory n. 回忆；记忆 in memory of（纪念） fluency n. 流利，流畅 fluency in...（在…… 方面流利） literally adv. 按字面；字面上 - context n. 上下文，语境 in context（在上下文中） linguist n. 语言学家 - within prep. 不出（某段时间）；在（某段时间）之内 within an hour（一小时内） attitude n. 看法；态度 attitude towards...（对…… 的态度） dramatically adv. 显著地；剧烈地 - appointment n. 约会；预约 make an appointment（预约） panic v. （使）惊慌，惊慌失措 panic about sth.（为某事惊慌） ironically adv. （因出乎意料）奇怪地 - set foot on 动词短语 进入，访问，参观（某地） set foot on foreign land（踏上异国土地） fry n. 炸薯条 - snail n. 蜗牛 - cheese n. 奶酪 - amazed adj. 大为惊奇的 amazed at...（对…… 感到惊奇） portion n. （食物的）一份 a portion of food（一份食物） chip n. （BrE）炸薯条 - plate n. 盘子；碟子 - packet n. 小包装纸袋，小硬纸板盒 a packet of...（一小包……） crisp n. 炸土豆片，炸薯片 - gravy n. （调味）肉汁 - salty adj. 含盐的；咸的 - sauce n. 调味汁；酱 - savoury adj. 咸味的 - snack n. 点心；小吃 snack bar（小吃店） embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的 embarrassed by...（因…… 尴尬） pants n. （BrE）内裤；短裤 /（especially NAmE）trousers 裤子 - underwear n. 内衣 - disgusted adj. 厌恶的；憎恶的；反感的 disgusted with...（对…… 厌恶） eggplant n. 茄子 - pizza n. 比萨饼；意大利饼 - likely adj. 可能的；预料的 likely to do...（可能做……） vocabulary n. 词汇，词汇量 expand vocabulary（扩大词汇量） all the way 副词短语 一路上；自始至终 all the way through（自始至终） on earth 副词短语 （加强疑问句的语气）到底，究竟 what on earth（究竟什么） gesture n. 手势；姿势；示意动作 make a gesture（做手势） differ v. 相异；有区别；不同于 differ from...（与…… 不同） mostly adv. 主要地；一般地；通常 - besides adv. 而且；再说 /prep. 除…… 之外 hug v. 拥抱；搂抱 hug sb.（拥抱某人） alternative n. 可供选择的事物 an alternative to...（…… 的替代品） differ from 动词短语 区别于；不同于 differ from each other（互相不同） 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. confusing adj. 困惑的 → confuse v. 使困惑；confusion n. 混乱 2. immediate adj. 立即的 → immediately adv. 立刻；immediacy n. 直接性 3. embarrassment n. 窘迫 → embarrass v. 使尴尬；embarrassed adj. 尴尬的 4. deliver v. 递送 → delivery n. 投递；deliverer n. 递送者 5. signal v./n. 信号 → signaling n. 发信号；signal adj. 显著的 6. fault n. 责任 → faulty adj. 有错误的；faultlessly adv. 完美地 7. context n. 语境 → contextual adj. 上下文的；contextually adv. 语境上地 8. attitude n. 态度 → attitudinal adj. 态度的（学术用词） 9. panic v./n. 惊慌 → panicked adj. 惊慌的；panicky adj. 恐慌的 10. differ v. 不同 → difference n. 差异；different adj. 不同的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1 set foot on Mexican soil 踏上墨西哥国土 2 take him at his word 相信他的话 3 deliver the ice-cream for me 把冰激凌递送给我 4 a mix of confusion and embarrassment 混杂着困惑与尴尬 5 make a rush for the nearest bus 朝着最近的公交车冲去 6 signal to the seller 向小贩示意 7 fade from one’s memory 从记忆里逐渐淡忘 8 change greatly with context 随着语境有很大的变化 9 refuse an offer 拒绝好意 10 a reflection of different cultural understandings of time 反映了不同文化对时间的理解 11 worry about being late 担心迟到 12 on time for appointment 准时赴约 13 the attitude towards time 对待时间的态度 14 travel all the way 一路旅行 15 order a portion of French fries/chips 点了一份薯条 16 a packet of crisps 一袋薯片 17 savoury snacks 咸味的点心 18 on earth 究竟 19 the excitement of learning a language 学习语言的兴奋之处 20 the difference in vocabulary 词汇量的不同 核心词汇精讲 1. deliver v. 递送；传送；发表（演讲） We will deliver the packages to your door within three days. 我们会在三天内把包裹送到你家门口。 【拓展】delivery n. 递送；交付 【固定搭配】deliver goods 送货；deliver a speech 发表演讲 2.signal v. 发信号；示意；标志 n. 信号，暗号 He signaled to me that it was time to leave. 他向我示意该离开了。 拓展】signal n. 信号；sign n. 迹象，符号 【搭配】signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 3.fault n. 过失；责任；故障 v. 指责 It’s not your fault that the misunderstanding happened. 产生这场误会不是你的错。 【拓展】faulty adj. 有缺陷的；有故障的 【搭配】It’s one’s fault 是某人的责任；find fault with sb. 挑某人毛病 4.memory n. 记忆；回忆；记忆力 The happy memory of the trip will never fade away. 这次旅行的美好回忆永远不会消逝。 【拓展】memorize vt. 记住；memorial adj. 纪念的 【搭配】in memory of 纪念；short-term memory 短期记忆 5.fluency n. （语言）流利，流畅 Practice every day to improve your oral fluency in Spanish. 每天练习提升你的西班牙语口语流利度。 【拓展】fluent adj. 流利的；fluently adv. 流利地 【搭配】gain fluency 变得流利 6.context n. 上下文；语境；背景 You can guess the word’s meaning from the context. 你可以结合语境猜出单词含义。 【搭配】in context 在语境中；social context 社会背景 7.attitude n. 态度；看法 Your attitude towards mistakes decides how fast you progress. 你对待错误的态度决定你的进步速度。 【搭配】attitude to/towards sth. 对某事的态度；positive attitude 积极态度 8.dramatically adv. 显著地；剧烈地 People’s opinions have changed dramatically in recent years. 近几年人们的观念发生了巨大变化。 【拓展】dramatic adj. 巨大的；戏剧的；drama n. 戏剧 【写作加分】increase dramatically 大幅增长 9.appointment n. 预约；约会 I have an appointment with the linguist this Friday afternoon. 这周五下午我和这位语言学家有约。 【拓展】appoint vt. 任命；约定 【搭配】make an appointment 预约；cancel an appointment 取消预约 10.panic v. (panicked, panicked)（使）惊慌失措 n. 恐慌 Don’t panic when you set foot on a totally strange land. 踏上完全陌生的土地时不要惊慌。 【搭配】panic about sth. 因某事恐慌；in panic 惊慌地 11. embarrassed adj. 尴尬的；窘迫的 He felt deeply embarrassed after making that silly mistake. 犯下那个低级错误后他十分难堪。 【拓展】embarrass v. 使尴尬；embarrassment n. 尴尬 【辨析】embarrassed（人感到尴尬）；embarrassing（令人尴尬的） 12.confused adj. 困惑的；难以理解的（confusing 令人困惑的） I was confused by the confusing local customs in Mexico. 墨西哥令人费解的当地习俗让我一头雾水。 【拓展】confuse vt. 使困惑；confusion n. 困惑 【搭配】be confused about 对…… 感到困惑 13.portion n. （食物的）一份；一部分 A small portion of the pizza was left on the plate. 盘子里剩下一小块披萨。 【辨析】portion 侧重食物、分配份额；part 泛指普通部分 14.disgusted adj. 厌恶的；反感的 She felt disgusted at the salty, savoury snack. 这份又咸又腻的小吃让她感到反胃。 【拓展】disgust v. 使厌恶 n. 反感 【搭配】be disgusted with/at sth. 厌恶某物 15.literally adv. 按字面地；确实地 Don’t take his words literally; he just joked. 别按字面理解他的话，他只是开玩笑。 【拓展】literal adj. 字面的；文字的 【写作用法】literally speaking 说实话；确切来讲 课文聚焦 一、原文呈现： THE CONFUSING WAY MEXICANS TELL TIME · When I first set foot on Mexican soil, I spoke Spanish well. So when I asked a local ice-cream seller for an ice-cream, and he said “ahorita”,which directly translates to “right now,” I took him at his word, believing that its arrival was immediate. Comment by F M: 表示踏入的意思，尤指以前未曾到过的地方。 Comment by F M: take sb. at his word表示相信了某人的话。 · I sat near his shop and waited. Half an hour passed and still no ice-cream arrived, so I asked again about it. “Ahorita,” he told me again. His face was a mix of confusion and maybe even embarrassment. · I was torn. Waiting longer wasn’t pleasant, but I felt it was impolite to walk away, especially if the ice-cream was now being delivered just for me. But finally, after waiting too long, I made a rush for the nearest bus to take me home. As I left, I signaled at my wrist and shrugged to the ice-cream seller. Obviously I couldn’t wait any longer and it really wasn’t my fault. His face was, once again, one of total confusion. Comment by F M: deliver表示递送的意思。 delivered food 外卖 Comment by F M: make a rush for sp. 匆匆赶往某地。 Comment by F M: signal做动词有发信号，示意的意思。 Comment by F M: 习惯性表达，表程度，翻译成十分疑惑。 · This experience faded from my memory until years later when I came back to live in Mexico. I discovered that understanding “ahorita” took not a fluency in the language, but rather a fluency in the culture. When someone from Mexico says “ahorita,” it should almost never be taken literally; its meaning changes greatly with context. As a linguist told me, “Ahorita could mean tomorrow, in an hour, within five years or never.” It is even used as a polite way of saying “no, thanks” when refusing an offer. Comment by F M: fade表示“逐渐消失，褪色”的意思。它是一个不及物动词。 Comment by F M: 这两句话的字面意思比较晦涩，在理解了fluency的基础之上可以意译。 Comment by F M: 该副词有2个重要意思：一是表强调，真地；真正地；二是表示从字面意思上。这两种用法都会经常考到。 · Difficulty in explaining what I have come to call “Ahorita Time” is a reflection of different cultural understandings of time. Since I moved to Mexico, my attitude towards time has changed dramatically. I don’t worry so much about being late; I am generally still on time for appointments, but when I’m not, I don’t panic. Ironically, it would seem that “Ahorita Time” has actually allowed me to live far more in the “right now” than I ever did before. Comment by F M: 这又是一个常考的副词，表示程度，“大幅，显著，戏剧般地” Comment by F M: 具有讽刺意味地 【参考译文】 墨西哥人报时方式的“骚操作” · 当我第一次踏上墨西哥的土地时，我的西班牙语说得很好。所以，当我向当地的冰淇淋小贩要冰淇淋时，他说的是“ahorita”(直译为“现在”)，我相信了他的话，认为它马上就会到来。 · 我坐在他的商店附近等着。半个小时过去了，冰淇淋还没有到，所以我又问了一遍。“ahorita，”他又对我说。他的脸上混杂着困惑，甚至可能是尴尬。 · 我要炸了。等得久一点并不让人愉快，但我觉得走开是不礼貌的，尤其是如果现在冰淇淋是专为我送的。但最后，在等了太久之后，我匆忙赶去最近的公共汽车回家。离开时，我示意了一下自己的手腕，对卖冰淇淋的小贩耸了耸肩。显然我不能再等了，这真的不是我的错。他的脸又一次显得十分疑惑。 · 这段经历逐渐从我的记忆中消失，直到多年以后我回到墨西哥生活。我发现理解“ahorita”并不需要流利的语言，而是需要对文化理解的顺畅。当来自墨西哥的人说“ahorita”时，几乎不应该从字面上理解;它的意思会随着上下文的变化而变化很大。正如一位语言学家告诉我的那样，“Ahorita可能意味着明天，一个小时内，五年之内，甚至永远不会。”甚至在拒绝某项工作时，它也被用来礼貌地说“不，谢谢”。 · 难以解释我所称的“ahorita时间”是不同文化对时间理解的反映。自从我搬到墨西哥后，我对时间的态度发生了巨大的变化。我不太担心自己会迟到;我通常还是能准时赴约，但如果不能准时赴约，我也不会惊慌。具有讽刺意味的是，似乎“Ahorita Time”实际上让我比以前更能活在“当下”。 二、课文研习： 重难句式及解析 1. “So when I asked a local ice-cream seller for an ice-cream, and he said ‘ahorita’, which directly translates to ‘right now,’ I took him at his word, believing that its arrival was immediate.” 句式结构：复合句（时间状语从句 + 定语从句 + 分词短语作状语 + 宾语从句）。 解析： 时间状语从句：“when I asked...and he said ‘ahorita’” 包含两个并列的动作（“asked” 和 “said”），交代主句动作发生的背景。 定语从句：“which directly translates to ‘right now’” 修饰 “ahorita”，解释其字面含义。 主句：“I took him at his word” 为简单句，而 “believing that its arrival was immediate” 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中 “that its arrival was immediate” 是宾语从句，体现 “我” 的心理预期，全句通过多层修饰结构展现事件的因果关系。 2. “I discovered that understanding ‘ahorita’ took not a fluency in the language, but rather a fluency in the culture.” 句式结构：复合句（宾语从句 + 并列对比结构）。 解析： 主句为 “I discovered that...”，“that” 引导宾语从句，充当 “discovered” 的宾语。 宾语从句中，主语是动名词短语 “understanding ‘ahorita’”，谓语是 “took”，宾语通过 “not...but rather...” 形成对比结构（“not a fluency in the language” 与 “a fluency in the culture”），强调理解 “ahorita” 的本质在于文化而非语言本身，句式通过对比逻辑增强了表达的深度。 3. “Difficulty in explaining what I have come to call ‘Ahorita Time’ is a reflection of different cultural understandings of time.” 句式结构：复合句（含宾语从句的名词性短语作主语）。 解析： 主语是 “Difficulty in explaining what I have come to call ‘Ahorita Time’”，其中 “in explaining...” 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “Difficulty”。 “what I have come to call ‘Ahorita Time’” 是宾语从句，充当 “explaining” 的宾语，“what” 在从句中作 “call” 的宾语，“Ahorita Time” 是宾语补足语。 系表结构 “is a reflection of different cultural understandings of time” 进一步解释主语的性质，全句通过多层修饰成分将抽象概念 “文化对时间的理解” 具体化，句式逻辑严谨且信息密度高。 学以致用 一、单词拼写 1. I felt c__________（困惑的）when learning the confusing cultural rules in Mexico. 2. The postman will d__________（递送）letters and parcels to every house before noon. 3. The driver tried to s__________（示意）to the pedestrian to cross the street safely. 4. It is not your f__________（过失）that the communication went wrong. 5. The sweet m__________（回忆）of travelling will never fade from my mind. 6. Daily practice greatly improves your oral f__________（流利度）in Spanish. 7. You can figure out the unknown word’s meaning from the c__________（语境）. 8. A positive a__________（态度）towards language learning leads to greater progress. 9. People’s views on cross-culture communication have changed d__________（显著地）. 10. I have an a__________（预约）with a linguist to talk about cultural differences. 11. Don’t p__________（惊慌）when you meet unfamiliar local customs abroad. 12. He was deeply e__________（尴尬的）for mixing up British and American food terms. 13. Please give me a small p__________（一份）of pizza with cheese and eggplant. 14. She felt d__________（反感的）at the overly salty local savoury snacks. 15. Don’t take every word he said l__________（按字面地）; he was just joking. 参考答案 1. confused, 2. deliver, 3. signal, 4. fault, 5. memory, 6. fluency, 7. context, 8. attitude, 9. dramatically, 10. appointment, 11. panic, 12. embarrassed, 13. portion, 14. disgusted, 15. literally 二、完成句子 alternative gesture differ fade embarrassment deliver confusion likely signal disgusted appointment 1. You mustn't fire without my __________. 没我的信号不许开枪。 2. I'm ___________ with what she said. 我对她的话很反感. 3. He made a rude __________ with his fingers. 他用手指做了一个不礼貌的手势. 4. Allow me to clear up this __________. 请允许我澄清这种混淆. 5. It's so cloudy and cold that it's ____________to snow. 天气又阴又冷,大半要下雪. 6. She made an ___________for her son to see the doctor. 她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。 7. He's not used to making speeches in public; it's so . 他不习惯在大庭广众中演讲, 因为这太使人窘迫了. 8. When the night light gradually ___________, the world entered the dark. 当夜晚的灯光渐渐褪去, 世界就进入了黑暗. 9. A parcel weighing half a ton has just been _____________. 一个半吨重的包裹刚刚递送出去. 10. Drivers are advised to seek ______________routes. 驾车者被告知需另寻其他路线。 【答案】 1.signal 2.disgusted 3.gesture 4.confusion 5.likely 6.appointment 7.embarrassing 8.faded 9.delivered 10.alternative 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $