Unit2语法(后缀-en)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年仁爱科普版英语九年级上册新课预习

本讲义聚焦初中英语动词后缀-en的核心语法点，系统梳理形容词+en构成使役动词（如wide→widen）、名词+en构成动词或形容词（如strength→strengthen）两大用法，结合特殊变形规则（如long→lengthen）及en-前缀与-en后缀的对比辨析，搭建从基础到拓展的知识支架。 该资料以“本质口诀”简化记忆，通过表格清晰呈现词形转换及中考例句，助力学生提升语言能力。配套分层练习（词形转换、单选、翻译）覆盖不同技能，培养思维品质，课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生巩固查漏，有效提升学习能力。

Unit2 Meet My Family!语法讲解与练习 动词后缀-en详细讲解 一、核心知识点：后缀-en 两大核心用法 1. 形容词+ en →动词 含义：使……变得 / 让……成为（使役动词） 2. 部分名词 + en → 动词（拓展考点） 补充：少数单词en-前缀 表“使……”，和后缀-en呼应，统一记忆 本质口诀：见到后缀-en，大多是动词，意思统一为「使……变……」 二、形容词变动词（后缀-en） 1. 核心构词公式 形容词（表状态）+ en =及物动词（使产生该状态） 2. 单元必背单词 形容词（adj.） 含义 加后缀-en动词（v.） 动词含义 wide 宽的 widen 使变宽；拓宽 long 长的 lengthen 使变长；延长 short 短的 shorten 使变短；缩短 rich 富有的 richen 使丰富；使富足 dark 黑暗的 darken 使变暗；变黑 soft 柔软的 soften 使变软；软化 hard 坚硬的 harden 使变硬；硬化 三、特殊变形规则（考试易错点） 1. 直接加-en（绝大多数单词） wide→widen, dark→darken, soft→soften 2. 特殊拼写 long（长的）→ lengthen（延长） ✅ 正确拼写：结尾加 th 再加 en 3. 发音小规律（辅助记忆） 后缀-en 统一发音 /ən/，弱读，不重音，方便单词拼读记忆。 四、课外拓展： 1.形容词+en动词 (adj.) 释义 adj.→ V. 释义 中考例句 sharp 锋利的 sharpen 削尖；使锋利 Please sharpen your pencil before the exam. red 红色的 redden 变红；使泛红 Her face reddens when she feels shy.（她害羞时脸会变红。） ripe 成熟的 ripen （使）成熟 The sun helps the fruits ripen quickly. sad 悲伤的 sadden 使悲伤;使难过 The bad news saddened all of us. rough 粗糙的 roughen 使粗糙;变粗糙 Wind and rain roughen the wall over time. stiff 僵硬的 stiffen 使僵硬;变僵硬 Your body will stiffen if you keep still for long. quick 快速的 quicken 加快；提速 We quicken our steps to catch the bus. pale 苍白的 pale 变苍白;使失色 Her face paled when she saw the accident. 2. 名词+ en →材质类形容词 专属后缀用法：物质名词+ en →形容词，释义「……制成的、……材质的」，是单选、词汇辨析高频考点，极易和普通名词混淆。 原形（n.物质） 释义 变形adj. 释义 经典搭配 oak 橡树 oaken 橡木制成的 oaken table 橡木桌 ash 灰烬 ashen 灰白的；似灰烬的 ashen face 苍白灰白的脸 earth 泥土 earthen 土质的；泥制的 earthen bowl 泥碗 wax 蜡 waxen 蜡制的；蜡质的 waxen candle 蜡制蜡烛 wheat 小麦 wheaten 小麦制的 wheaten bread 麦粉面包 3. 特殊拓展：名词+en 小众动词 strength→strengthen (v. 加强) 例句：We need to strengthen our team strength to finish the hard task. （我们需要加强团队实力来完成这项艰巨的任务。） length (n. 长度) → lengthen (v. 延长) 例句：We plan to lengthen the playground.（我们计划扩建操场。） height (n. 高度) → heighten (v. 加高；增强) 例句：Trees heighten the beauty of the park.（树木增添了公园的美感。） 五、易混辨析：en- 前缀 vs -en 后缀 很多学生混淆，一张表彻底分清： 形式 位置 含义 例子 en- 前缀 单词开头 使…… enable 使能够、enrich 使丰富 -en 后缀 单词结尾 使……变…… widen 拓宽、shorten 缩短 【配套练习】 第一大题：词形转换填空 1. The workers ________ (wide) the main street in our town last month. 2. We need to ________ (short) our break time to finish the task on time. 3. The heavy clouds ________ (dark) the sky before the rain comes. 4. Regular exercise can ________ (strong) our bodies and keep us healthy. 5. The new policy ________ (rich) people’s daily life in recent years. 6. We can ________ (soft) the hard cloth by soaking it in warm water. 7. The cold wind ________ (hard) the wet ground in winter. 8. Farmers ________ (length) the growing season to get more fruits. 9. Please ________ (sharp) your pencil before the English test. 10. Shyness always ________ (redden) her face when she speaks in public. 11. The warm sunshine helps the grapes ________ (ripe) quickly. 12. The terrible accident ________ (sad) all the villagers last week. 13. Years of wind and rain ________ (rough) the old stone wall. 14. Sitting for a long time will ________ (stiff) your neck and shoulders. 15. We ________ (quick) our pace so that we won’t miss the school bus. 16. Her face ________ (pale) when she heard the bad news. 17. The government plans to ________ (height) the river bank to stop floods. 18. More green trees ________ (beauty) our small town every year. 19. We should ________ (bright) the classroom with more windows. 20. The teacher’s encouragement ________ (sweet) our learning experience. 21. They ________ (deep) their friendship by communicating often. 22. Modern technology ________ (fast) the speed of social development. 23. The factory ________ (clean) its production environment recently. 24. We try to ________ (narrow) the gap between rich and poor. 25. Good books can ________ (light) up our whole life. 第二大题：单项选择 1. The new road ______ and brings great convenience for villagers. A. wide B. widens C. widen D. widening 2. We need to ______ the meeting time to save more study time. A. short B. shorten C. shorter D. shortage 3. The rainy weather ______ the whole yard and makes it quiet. A. darkens B. dark C. darkened D. darker 4. Doing sports every day can ______ our physical strength. A. strong B. strength C. strengthen D. stronger 5. Please ______ your knife before cutting the paper. A. sharp B. sharpen C. sharply D. sharpened 6. Her face ______ when she is embarrassed in front of others. A. redden B. reddens C. red D. reddest 7. The warm sun will ______ the tomatoes in a few days. A. ripe B. ripen C. ripest D. riper 8. The sudden failure of the plan ______ every team member. A. sadden B. saddens C. saddened D. sad 9. Too much friction will ______ the surface of the wood. A. rough B. roughen C. rougher D. roughest 10. Taking exercise can avoid your muscles ______. A. stiff B. stiffen C. stiffening D. stiffer 11. We must ______ our steps, or we will be late for class. A. quick B. quicken C. quicker D. quickest 12. She ______ at the news of the sudden accident. A. paled B. palen C. pale D. paler 13. They decide to ______ the garden wall for safety. A. height B. heighten C. high D. higher 14. This ______ table is very popular in traditional furniture shops. A. oak B. oaken C. oaks D. oakly 15. Her ______ face showed that she was badly ill. A. ash B. ashen C. ashes D. ashful 第三大题：中英互译句子翻译 1. 新建的公路拓宽了我们的村庄，让出行更加方便。 ________________________________________________ 2. 我们可以通过锻炼增强体质、丰富生活。 ________________________________________________ 3. 阴云让天空变暗，预示着大雨即将来临。 ________________________________________________ 4. 老师建议我们削尖铅笔，认真准备考试。 ________________________________________________ 5. 长期的相处加深了他们的友谊。 ________________________________________________ 6. The cool wind quickens the speed of leaves falling in autumn. ________________________________________________ 7. Sad news always saddens people and makes them feel upset. ________________________________________________ 8. We should lengthen our reading time to improve our English. ________________________________________________ 9. The earthen bowl is simple but full of traditional culture. ________________________________________________ 10. More flowers brighten the street and beautify our city. ________________________________________________ Keys 一、词形转换填空答案 1. widened 2. shorten 3. darkens 4. strengthen 5. has richened 6. soften 7. hardens 8. lengthen 9. sharpen 10. reddens 11. ripen 12. saddened 13. have roughened 14. stiffen 15. quicken 16. paled 17. heighten 18. beautify 19. brighten 20. sweetens 21. deepen 22. fastens 23. has cleaned 24. narrow 25. lighten 二、单项选择答案 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.B 三、中英互译参考答案 1. The new highway widens our village and makes travel more convenient. 2. We can strengthen our bodies and enrich our life through exercise. 3. Dark clouds darken the sky, showing that heavy rain is coming. 4. Teachers advise us to sharpen our pencils and prepare well for exams. 5. Long-term getting along deepens their friendship. 6. 秋风加快了秋日落叶的速度。 7. 坏消息总会让人难过、心情低落。 8. 我们应该延长阅读时间来提升英语水平。 9. 这种泥碗样式朴素，却饱含传统文化底蕴。 10. 更多的鲜花点亮了街道，美化了我们的城市。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $