内容正文:
仁爱英语九上Unit2语法讲解及习题:
后缀-en & 一般现在时、一般过去时被动语态(Ⅰ)
一、后缀 -en 构词法
(一)知识点精讲
1. 基本规则
后缀 -en 主要有两种用法,可加在名词、形容词两端,实现词性转换。
(1)形容词 + en → 动词,表示 “(使)变得……”;
(2)名词 + en → 形容词,含义为 “由…… 制成的”,多用来描述物品材质。
补充拼写特例:部分单词可前置 en - 构成动词,用法逻辑一致。
2. 核心词汇
原词(词性)
变形单词(词性)
中文释义
wood(n. 木头)
wooden(adj. 木制的)
木质的
short(adj. 短的)
shorten(v. 缩短)
(使)变短、缩减
wide(adj. 宽阔的)
widen(v. 拓宽)
拓宽、放宽
dark(adj. 黑暗的)
darken(v. 变暗)
(使)变得昏暗
rich(adj. 富足的)
enrich(v. 使丰富)
充实、丰富
broad(adj. 宽广的)
broaden(v. 拓展)
拓宽(眼界、思维)
wool(n. 羊毛)
woolen(adj. 羊毛制的)
羊毛的
bright(adj. 明亮的)
brighten(v. 照亮)
(使)变得光亮
3. 例句
(1)Many wooden houses were built in ancient times.
古时候修建了许多木质房屋。
(2)Reading can broaden our horizons and enrich our daily life.
阅读能够拓宽我们的眼界,丰富日常生活。
(3)The sky darkened gradually before heavy rain came.
大雨来临前,天色慢慢变暗。
(二)-en 专项练习题
1. 用方框内词汇添加后缀 - en,并使用正确形式填空
词库:wood, short, wide, dark
(1)At first, Chinese people used ________ boards to print books.
(2)Movable type printing was developed and it could greatly ________ the printing time and improve printing quality.
(3)If you want to invent something, you need to ________ your knowledge.
(4)When sky began to ________, sailors had to depend on stars to find the right direction.
2. 同义句改写,运用 - en 形式单词替换划线部分
(5)Pencils can be made sharp by using a small tool.
Pencils can be ________ by using a small tool.
(6)The light bulb makes the world around us bright at night.
The light bulb ________ the world around us at night。
(7)The road is made wider by workers every year.
Workers ________ the road every year.
(8)This coat is made of wool, so it keeps warm well.
This is a ________ coat with good warmth retention.
答案 + 详细解析
(1)wooden
解析:修饰名词 boards 需要形容词,wood 添加 - en 变为 wooden,意为 “木质的”。句意:起初中国人使用木板印刷书籍。
(2)shorten
解析:情态动词 could 后接动词原形,shorten the printing time 表示 “缩短印刷耗时”。
(3)widen
解析:need to 后使用动词原形,widen knowledge 译为 “扩充知识储备”。
(4)darken
解析:begin to do 为固定搭配,darken 表示天色变暗。
(5)sharpened
解析:make sharp 转化为动词 sharpen,本句被动语态,填写过去分词 sharpened。
(6)brightens
解析:make...bright 替换为动词 brighten;主语 bulb 为单数,谓语使用第三人称单数 brightens。
(7)widen
解析:被动语态转换主动语态,主语 workers 为复数,直接填写动词原形 widen。
(8)woolen
解析:wool 变形为形容词 woolen,修饰 coat,代表羊毛质地的外套。
二、被动语态(Ⅰ)Passive voice (Ⅰ)
(一)知识点系统精讲
1. 基本定义
语态分为主动语态与被动语态;被动语态侧重动作承受者,主语是动作的被施加方,不强调动作发出者。
本单元掌握两种基础时态的被动结构:一般现在时被动语态、一般过去时被动语态。
2. 基本句式结构
(1)一般现在时被动语态:主语 + am /is/are + 动词过去分词
① 主语为 I,搭配 am done;
② 主语单数名词、不可数名词、第三人称单数,搭配 is done;
③ 主语 you、复数名词,搭配 are done。
例:Lots of useful inventions are accepted by people.
诸多实用发明被人们所认可。
(2)一般过去时被动语态:主语 + was /were + 动词过去分词
① 单数主语、I 搭配 was done;
② 复数主语、you 搭配 were done。
例:The telephone was invented in 1876.
电话于 1876 年被发明。
(3)主动语态与被动语态转换思路
主动:动作发出者 + 谓语动词 + 动作承受者
被动:动作承受者 + be + 过去分词(+ by + 动作发出者)
3. 例句
(1)I was woken up by my mom too early this morning.
今早我早早被妈妈叫醒。
(2)The model rocket was made for the show last Sunday.
这个火箭模型是为上周日的展览制作的。
(3)Many new inventions are brought into our daily life every year.
每年都有很多新式发明被带入我们的日常生活。
(二)被动语态专项练习题
1. 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空
(1)一般现在时被动
(1)The passport ________ (discover) in the Lost and Found.
(2)Many art works ________ (create) by young people today.
(2)一般过去时被动
(3)The airplane ________(invent) by the Wright brothers in 1903.
(4)Potato chips ________(invent) by George Crum in 1853.
2. 短文填空,选用对应时态的被动语态
(5)Post-it notes ________ (invent) in 1968 by Dr. Spencer Silver. He first tried to find a practical use for them, but nothing came up. In 1974, Art Fry then found a good use of them. While people were singing, the post-it notes (6)________ (use) to keep the pages from falling out. These notes worked like magic! In 1977, post-it notes first (7)________ (appear) on the market and they became a great success in Boise, Idaho. Now, post-it notes (8)________ (use) all over the world.
3. 单项选择
(9)The paper ________ by Cai Lun in ancient China.
A. invents B. invented C. was invented D. is invented
(10)Many kinds of new machines ________ in factories every year.
A. are produced B. produce C. were produced D. produced
(11)—When ________ this movable type printing ________?
—It was invented in ancient China.
A. is; invented B. was; invented C. did; invent D. had; invented
4. 句型转换
(12)People created plenty of great ancient inventions.(改为被动语态)
Plenty of great ancient inventions ________ ________ by people.
(13)They make many wooden printing boards.(改为被动语态)
Many wooden printing boards ________ ________ by them.
(14)The model rocket was made last night.(改为主动语态,主语选用 he)
He ________ the model rocket last night.
答案 + 详细解析
(1)表格填空
(1)is discovered
解析:表述常态事实,选用一般现在被动;passport 为单数,be 动词用 is。
(2)are created
解析:today 为一般现在时标志,works 是复数,be 动词选用 are。
(3)was invented
解析:时间 1903 属于过去年份,airplane 单数,使用 was invented。
(4)were invented
解析:1853 为过去时间,主语 potato chips 为复数,be 动词用 were。
(2)短文填空
(5)were invented
解析:in 1968 为过去时间,便利贴是复数名词,被动语态 were invented。
(6)were used
解析:整段讲述过往经历,主语为复数,填写 were used。
(7)appeared
解析:此处 appear 没有被动形式,直接使用一般过去式 appeared。
(8)are used
解析:now 代表当下常态,选用一般现在被动 are used。
(3)单项选择
(9)答案:C
解析:纸张是 “被发明”,in ancient China 为过去时间,选 was invented。
(10)答案:A
解析:every year 是一般现在时标志,机器被生产,被动语态 are produced。
(11)答案:B
解析:答句为过去时态,问句对应一般过去被动。
(4)句型转换
(12)were created
解析:原句为一般过去主动,主语 inventions 为复数,被动形式 were created。
(13)are made
解析:一般现在时,主语复数,被动填写 are made。
(14)made
解析:last night 为过去时间,make 过去式为 made。
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