新课8 必修第一册Unit 4 My space（语法+写作预习）（沪教版）（教材预习，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

沪教版必修一Unit 4 My space（语法+写作） 目录 单元语法：定语从句关系副词的用法 写作聚焦：读后感/倡议书 学以致用：巩固提升，全面突破 单元语法 定语从句关系副词的用法 一、 核心概念与功能 (Concept & Function) 1. 定义回顾 关系副词在定语从句中起两个作用： 1. 连接作用：引导从句，修饰表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。 2. 状语作用：在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语或原因状语。 关键区别：关系代词（who/which/that）在从句中作主语或宾语；关系副词（when/where/why）在从句中作状语，从句本身主谓宾结构通常是完整的。 2. 关系副词功能一览表 关系副词 先行词类型 (Antecedent) 在从句中充当的成分 等价结构 (Equivalent) when 时间名词 (time, day, year, moment...) 时间状语 on/in/at/during + which where 地点名词 (place, house, city, situation...) 地点状语 in/at/on/to + which why 原因名词 (reason) 原因状语 for + which 二、 核心用法 (Deep Dive into Usage) 1. When：指代时间 当先行词是表示时间的名词，且从句中不缺主语或宾语，而是缺少时间状语时，使用 when。 · I still remember the day when we first met. 分析：先行词 the day。从句 we first met 主谓完整。还原为：We first met on that day. → 用 when 或 on which。 · There was a time when dinosaurs ruled the earth. 分析：先行词 a time。从句 dinosaurs ruled the earth 完整。还原：Dinosaurs ruled the earth during that time. 注意：如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，即使先行词是时间，也要用关系代词 that/which。 · I’ll never forget the days that/which we spent together. 分析：从句 we spent ___ together 缺少 spent 的宾语，故用 that/which，不能用 when。 2. Where：指代地点（含抽象地点） 当先行词是表示地点的名词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，使用 where。 · This is the house where I lived ten years ago. 分析：先行词 the house。从句 I lived ... 完整（live是不及物动词）。还原：I lived in the house. → 用 where 或 in which。 · He reached a point in his career where he had to make a decision. 分析：抽象地点 a point。还原：He had to make a decision at that point. 注意：如果从句中谓语是及物动词且缺少宾语，或者表示“参观/访问”某地，需用 that/which。 · This is the museum that/which we visited yesterday. 分析：visit 是及物动词，从句缺宾语。还原：We visited the museum. 3. Why：指代原因 先行词通常只有 the reason。 · That is the reason why he was late. 分析：先行词 the reason。从句 he was late 完整。还原：He was late for the reason. → 用 why 或 for which。 注意：口语中 why 常可省略，或用 that 代替，但在正式语法填空中首选 why 或 for which。 · The reason (why/that) he gave was not convincing. 分析：此处 gave 缺宾语，故用 that/which，不能用 why。 四、 重点难点与易错辨析 (Key Distinctions & Common Errors) 1. “介词 + Which” vs. 关系副词 这是高考高频考点。关系副词 = 介词 + which。解题关键在于判断介词。 · Step 1: 看先行词。 · Step 2: 将从句还原，看需要搭配什么介词。 · Step 3: 选择 介词 + which 或直接选关系副词。 例句 还原测试 正确选项 错误示例 I'll never forget the day ___ we met. meet on the day when / on which ❌ in which This is the room ___ Lu Xun lived. live in the room where / in which ❌ at which (习惯用in) Tell me the reason ___ you cried. cry for the reason why / for which ❌ because which 2. 定语从句 vs. 同位语从句 (Attributive Clause vs. Appositive Clause) 当先行词是 fact, news, idea, promise, suggestion 等抽象名词，且后面跟 that 引导的从句时，学生极易混淆。 · 判别方法： · 看成分：定语从句中 that 充当成分（主/宾）；同位语从句中 that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，从句是对先行词内容的解释说明。 · 看翻译：定语从句译为“……的”；同位语从句译为“即……”。 对比实例： · The news that he told me is true. (定语从句) · 分析：told 缺宾语（told me what? → the news）。that 作宾语。 · 译文：他告诉我的那个消息是真的。 · The news that our team won is true. (同位语从句) · 分析：our team won 主谓完整，不缺成分。that 无实义，解释 news 的内容。 · 译文：我们要赢了这个消息是真的。 · 特例：Where/When 引导的同位语从句 · I have no idea where he went. (同位语从句，解释 idea 的内容) · This is the place where he lives. (定语从句，修饰 place) 区别技巧：尝试将先行词放入从句。如果能放入且通顺，多为同位语从句；如果需要加介词才能放入，多为定语从句。 · Idea: He went to the idea? (不通) → 同位语。 · Place: He lives in the place. (通顺，需加in) → 定语从句 (where = in which)。 3. Situation, Case, Point, Stage 等特殊先行词 这些词虽非典型地点，但常被视为“抽象地点”，后接定语从句时常用 where 或 in which。 · We are in a situation where / in which nothing can be done. · There are cases where / in which this rule does not apply. 四、 课堂练习 (Classroom Activities) Activity 1: 关系词快选 (Quick Choice) 判断填入 that/which 还是 when/where/why，并简述理由（缺什么成分）。 1. Is this the factory ___ you visited last week? · Answer: that/which. (Reason: visited needs an object.) 2. Is this the factory ___ you worked last week? · Answer: where / in which. (Reason: worked is complete; worked in the factory.) 3. I don't know the reason ___ she refused. · Answer: why / for which. (Reason: refused for the reason.) 4. October 1, 1949 is the day ___ the PRC was founded. · Answer: when / on which. (Reason: founded on that day.) Activity 2: 句式转换挑战 (Transformation Challenge) 将“介词+which”结构转换为关系副词，或反之。 1. This is the school in which I studied. → This is the school where I studied. 2. Do you know the reason for which he left? → Do you know the reason why he left? 3. I will never forget the time during which we stayed together. → I will never forget the time when we stayed together. Activity 3: 纠错诊所 (Error Correction) 找出下列句子中的错误并改正。 1. This is the park where we visited yesterday. → Correction: This is the park that/which we visited yesterday. (visit is transitive, needs object.) 2. The reason why he was absent was because he was ill. → Correction: The reason ... was that he was ill. (The reason is that... is the standard structure; avoid reason... because.) 3. I have forgotten the day when we spent together. → Correction: I have forgotten the day that/which we spent together. (spend needs object.) 写作聚焦 一、写作任务聚焦： **任务类型**： 读写结合型任务**（如《安妮日记》读后感/家庭沟通倡议书） **能力目标**： - 分析文本中的象征手法（如“密室”象征精神压抑）； - 联系现实问题（如漫画作文“网络交流 vs 亲子沟通”）提出解决方案； - 接受多元评价（同伴互评、AI评语、国际学生反馈）。 **教学案例**： 针对“青少年沉迷网络忽视家庭”现象，撰写倡议书并设计跨文化评价量表。 二、典例剖析 智能手机已成为人们生活中必不可少的一部分，但也带来一些问题。假设你是李华，请你以学生会的名义写一篇倡议书，号召全校同学合理使用智能手机。 内容包括：1. 手机成瘾现象；2. 手机成瘾危害；3. 你的倡议。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Students’ Union 学以致用 一、单句语法填空（填写合适的关系词） 1. I still remember the day ____________ I first came to this school. 2. Do you know the boy ____________ we met at the school gate? 3. This is the reason ____________ he refused to accept our help. 4. The small town ____________ I worked ten years ago has changed greatly. 5. He has a large collection of books, many of ____________ are written in English. 6. I don’t like the way ____________ you communicate with your parents. 7. We have reached a point ____________ we must make a quick decision. 8. The book ____________ cover is blue belongs to our monitor. 9. The plan ____________ he put forward at the meeting is practical. 10. All the books and pictures ____________ you offered are of great value. 二、翻译 1.他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。 The reason ____________________________was that he was ill in bed. 2.我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。 We are living in an age ______________________________________. 3.毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。 After graduation he returned to the small town ____________________________． 4.我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。 I don’t like the way ____________________________． 5.我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。 I’ll never forget the days ____________________________． 三、写作训练 2．假定你是李华，你校许多学生因各种原因很少参加体育锻炼。请你代表学生会给校英语报写一封倡议书，倡导同学们积极参加体育锻炼。 内容要点：1.现状；2.锻炼的益处；3.发出倡议。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear fellow students, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 9 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 沪教版必修一Unit 4 My space（语法+写作） 目录 单元语法：定语从句关系副词的用法 写作聚焦：读后感/倡议书 学以致用：巩固提升，全面突破 单元语法 定语从句关系副词的用法 一、 核心概念与功能 (Concept & Function) 1. 定义回顾 关系副词在定语从句中起两个作用： 1. 连接作用：引导从句，修饰表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。 2. 状语作用：在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语或原因状语。 关键区别：关系代词（who/which/that）在从句中作主语或宾语；关系副词（when/where/why）在从句中作状语，从句本身主谓宾结构通常是完整的。 2. 关系副词功能一览表 关系副词 先行词类型 (Antecedent) 在从句中充当的成分 等价结构 (Equivalent) when 时间名词 (time, day, year, moment...) 时间状语 on/in/at/during + which where 地点名词 (place, house, city, situation...) 地点状语 in/at/on/to + which why 原因名词 (reason) 原因状语 for + which 二、 核心用法 (Deep Dive into Usage) 1. When：指代时间 当先行词是表示时间的名词，且从句中不缺主语或宾语，而是缺少时间状语时，使用 when。 · I still remember the day when we first met. 分析：先行词 the day。从句 we first met 主谓完整。还原为：We first met on that day. → 用 when 或 on which。 · There was a time when dinosaurs ruled the earth. 分析：先行词 a time。从句 dinosaurs ruled the earth 完整。还原：Dinosaurs ruled the earth during that time. 注意：如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，即使先行词是时间，也要用关系代词 that/which。 · I’ll never forget the days that/which we spent together. 分析：从句 we spent ___ together 缺少 spent 的宾语，故用 that/which，不能用 when。 2. Where：指代地点（含抽象地点） 当先行词是表示地点的名词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，使用 where。 · This is the house where I lived ten years ago. 分析：先行词 the house。从句 I lived ... 完整（live是不及物动词）。还原：I lived in the house. → 用 where 或 in which。 · He reached a point in his career where he had to make a decision. 分析：抽象地点 a point。还原：He had to make a decision at that point. 注意：如果从句中谓语是及物动词且缺少宾语，或者表示“参观/访问”某地，需用 that/which。 · This is the museum that/which we visited yesterday. 分析：visit 是及物动词，从句缺宾语。还原：We visited the museum. 3. Why：指代原因 先行词通常只有 the reason。 · That is the reason why he was late. 分析：先行词 the reason。从句 he was late 完整。还原：He was late for the reason. → 用 why 或 for which。 注意：口语中 why 常可省略，或用 that 代替，但在正式语法填空中首选 why 或 for which。 · The reason (why/that) he gave was not convincing. 分析：此处 gave 缺宾语，故用 that/which，不能用 why。 四、 重点难点与易错辨析 (Key Distinctions & Common Errors) 1. “介词 + Which” vs. 关系副词 这是高考高频考点。关系副词 = 介词 + which。解题关键在于判断介词。 · Step 1: 看先行词。 · Step 2: 将从句还原，看需要搭配什么介词。 · Step 3: 选择 介词 + which 或直接选关系副词。 例句 还原测试 正确选项 错误示例 I'll never forget the day ___ we met. meet on the day when / on which ❌ in which This is the room ___ Lu Xun lived. live in the room where / in which ❌ at which (习惯用in) Tell me the reason ___ you cried. cry for the reason why / for which ❌ because which 2. 定语从句 vs. 同位语从句 (Attributive Clause vs. Appositive Clause) 当先行词是 fact, news, idea, promise, suggestion 等抽象名词，且后面跟 that 引导的从句时，学生极易混淆。 · 判别方法： · 看成分：定语从句中 that 充当成分（主/宾）；同位语从句中 that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，从句是对先行词内容的解释说明。 · 看翻译：定语从句译为“……的”；同位语从句译为“即……”。 对比实例： · The news that he told me is true. (定语从句) · 分析：told 缺宾语（told me what? → the news）。that 作宾语。 · 译文：他告诉我的那个消息是真的。 · The news that our team won is true. (同位语从句) · 分析：our team won 主谓完整，不缺成分。that 无实义，解释 news 的内容。 · 译文：我们要赢了这个消息是真的。 · 特例：Where/When 引导的同位语从句 · I have no idea where he went. (同位语从句，解释 idea 的内容) · This is the place where he lives. (定语从句，修饰 place) 区别技巧：尝试将先行词放入从句。如果能放入且通顺，多为同位语从句；如果需要加介词才能放入，多为定语从句。 · Idea: He went to the idea? (不通) → 同位语。 · Place: He lives in the place. (通顺，需加in) → 定语从句 (where = in which)。 3. Situation, Case, Point, Stage 等特殊先行词 这些词虽非典型地点，但常被视为“抽象地点”，后接定语从句时常用 where 或 in which。 · We are in a situation where / in which nothing can be done. · There are cases where / in which this rule does not apply. 四、 课堂练习 (Classroom Activities) Activity 1: 关系词快选 (Quick Choice) 判断填入 that/which 还是 when/where/why，并简述理由（缺什么成分）。 1. Is this the factory ___ you visited last week? · Answer: that/which. (Reason: visited needs an object.) 2. Is this the factory ___ you worked last week? · Answer: where / in which. (Reason: worked is complete; worked in the factory.) 3. I don't know the reason ___ she refused. · Answer: why / for which. (Reason: refused for the reason.) 4. October 1, 1949 is the day ___ the PRC was founded. · Answer: when / on which. (Reason: founded on that day.) Activity 2: 句式转换挑战 (Transformation Challenge) 将“介词+which”结构转换为关系副词，或反之。 1. This is the school in which I studied. → This is the school where I studied. 2. Do you know the reason for which he left? → Do you know the reason why he left? 3. I will never forget the time during which we stayed together. → I will never forget the time when we stayed together. Activity 3: 纠错诊所 (Error Correction) 找出下列句子中的错误并改正。 1. This is the park where we visited yesterday. → Correction: This is the park that/which we visited yesterday. (visit is transitive, needs object.) 2. The reason why he was absent was because he was ill. → Correction: The reason ... was that he was ill. (The reason is that... is the standard structure; avoid reason... because.) 3. I have forgotten the day when we spent together. → Correction: I have forgotten the day that/which we spent together. (spend needs object.) 写作聚焦 一、写作任务聚焦： **任务类型**： 读写结合型任务**（如《安妮日记》读后感/家庭沟通倡议书） **能力目标**： - 分析文本中的象征手法（如“密室”象征精神压抑）； - 联系现实问题（如漫画作文“网络交流 vs 亲子沟通”）提出解决方案； - 接受多元评价（同伴互评、AI评语、国际学生反馈）。 **教学案例**： 针对“青少年沉迷网络忽视家庭”现象，撰写倡议书并设计跨文化评价量表。 二、典例剖析 智能手机已成为人们生活中必不可少的一部分，但也带来一些问题。假设你是李华，请你以学生会的名义写一篇倡议书，号召全校同学合理使用智能手机。 内容包括：1. 手机成瘾现象；2. 手机成瘾危害；3. 你的倡议。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Students’ Union 【答案】One possible version: Dear fellow students, Smartphone addiction has become a serious issue among us, with many students spending excessive time scrolling through social media, playing games, or watching videos, even during class or study hours. The consequences of smartphone overuse are alarming. Studies show that prolonged screen time damages eyesight, disrupts sleep patterns, and increases anxiety levels. Furthermore, over-reliance on virtual communication weakens our real-life social skills. We urge everyone to act. It is necessary to set strict time limits for non-essential phone use, ensuring that academic tasks remain the top priority. Most importantly, value real-world connections over online interactions. Let’s break free from digital dependency and regain control of our time and focus! Students’ Union 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以学生会的名义写一篇倡议书，应首先描述手机成瘾现象，再介绍手机成瘾危害，最后发出倡议，号召大家合理使用智能手机，避免成瘾。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 严重的：serious→grave, weighty 表明：show→indicate 削弱：weaken→undermine 确保：ensure→guarantee 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Smartphone addiction has become a serious issue among us, with many students spending excessive time scrolling through social media, playing games, or watching videos, even during class or study hours. 拓展句：Smartphone addiction has become a serious issue among us, as many students spend excessive time scrolling through social media, playing games, or watching videos, even during class or study hours. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Studies show that prolonged screen time damages eyesight, disrupts sleep patterns, and increases anxiety levels. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] It is necessary to set strict time limits for non-essential phone use, ensuring that academic tasks remain the top priority. (运用了现在分词作状语、that引导宾语从句) 学以致用 一、单句语法填空（填写合适的关系词） 1. I still remember the day ____________ I first came to this school. 2. Do you know the boy ____________ we met at the school gate? 3. This is the reason ____________ he refused to accept our help. 4. The small town ____________ I worked ten years ago has changed greatly. 5. He has a large collection of books, many of ____________ are written in English. 6. I don’t like the way ____________ you communicate with your parents. 7. We have reached a point ____________ we must make a quick decision. 8. The book ____________ cover is blue belongs to our monitor. 9. The plan ____________ he put forward at the meeting is practical. 10. All the books and pictures ____________ you offered are of great value. 参考答案 1. when 解析：先行词the day（时间），从句缺时间状语，用关系副词when。 释义：我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 2. who/whom/that 解析：先行词the boy（人），关系词在从句中作宾语。 释义：你认识我们在校门口遇到的那个男孩吗？ 3. why 解析：先行词the reason，从句缺原因状语，用why。 释义：这就是他拒绝接受我们帮助的原因。 4. where 解析：先行词the small town（地点），从句缺地点状语，用where。 释义：我十年前工作过的小镇变化很大。 5. which 解析：介词 of 后接 which，指代前面的books（物），非限制性定语从句。 释义：他藏书很多，其中很多是英文写的。 6. that/in which / 不填 解析：the way作先行词，关系词用that/in which / 省略。 释义：我不喜欢你和父母沟通的方式。 7. where 解析：先行词point为抽象地点，从句缺状语，用where。 释义：我们已经到了必须迅速做出决定的地步。 8. whose 解析：表所属关系 “书的封面”，用whose。 释义：封面是蓝色的那本书是我们班长的。 9. that/which 解析：先行词the plan（物），关系词在从句中作宾语。 释义：他在会上提出的计划很实用。 10. that 解析：先行词既有人又有物（books and pictures），只用 that。 释义：你提供的所有书籍和画作都很有价值。 二、翻译 1.他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。 The reason ____________________________was that he was ill in bed. 2.我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。 We are living in an age ______________________________________. 3.毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。 After graduation he returned to the small town ____________________________． 4.我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。 I don’t like the way ____________________________． 5.我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。 I’ll never forget the days ____________________________． 1. The reason why he could not go there 2. when many things are done on the computer 3. where/in which he grew up 4. (that/in which) you speak to your parents 5. when I worked together with you 三、写作训练 2．假定你是李华，你校许多学生因各种原因很少参加体育锻炼。请你代表学生会给校英语报写一封倡议书，倡导同学们积极参加体育锻炼。 内容要点：1.现状；2.锻炼的益处；3.发出倡议。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear fellow students, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version： Dear fellow students, Nowadays, quite a few students spend most of their time on study and take little physical exercise, which gradually leads to poor health and lack of energy. As far as I’m concerned, regular exercise is extremely beneficial. It not only strengthens our bodies and reduces the risk of illness, but also relieves study pressure and clears our mind. Only with good health can we study more effectively. Therefore, let’s take action right away. We should make exercise a part of daily life and actively take part in various sports activities to keep fit all the time. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】要求考生以李华的名义代表学生会写一封倡议信，倡导同学们积极参加体育锻炼。 【详解】1.词汇积累 导致：lead to→result in/contribute to 降低：reduce→lower/decrease 缓解：relieve→ease/lessen 各种各样的：various→a wide range of 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：As far as I’m concerned, regular exercise is extremely beneficial. It not only strengthens our bodies and reduces the risk of illness, but also relieves study pressure and clears our mind. 拓展句：As far as I’m concerned, regular exercise is extremely beneficial, which not only strengthens our bodies and reduces the risk of illness, but also relieves study pressure and clears our mind. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Nowadays, quite a few students spend most of their time on study and take little physical exercise, which gradually leads to poor health and lack of energy.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Only with good health can we study more effectively.（运用了部分倒装） 9 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $