新课5 必修第一册 Unit 3 Choices（词汇+课文）（沪教版）（教材预习，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

沪教版必修一Unit 3 Choices（单词+课文） 目录 重点速记：单元词汇、词块词组梳理 课文聚焦：课文预习、重难句式讲解 学以致用：巩固提升，点面夯实突破 重点速记 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 convenience n. 方便；便利 for convenience label n. 标签 read the label global adj. 全球的；全世界的 global warming snack n. 点心；小吃；快餐 healthy snack packaging n. 包装材料 plastic packaging recycle v. 回收利用 recycle waste facility n. （供特定用途的）场所 sports facility plastic n. 塑料 plastic bag container n. 容器 storage container greenhouse n. 温室 in a greenhouse energy-efficient adj. 节能的 energy-efficient appliances amount n. 数量；数额 large amount gas n. 气体 natural gas impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用 have an impact on determine v. 明；测定；准确算出 determine the cause stress n. 压力 under stress cattle n. 牛 head of cattle frozen adj. 冷冻的；冷藏的 frozen food link v. 连接 link to teenager n. （13至19岁之间的）青少年 teenage years diet n. 日常饮食；日常食物 balanced diet details n. 具体情况 in detail yoghurt n. 酸奶 plain yoghurt slim adj. 苗条的；纤细的 slim figure image n. 形象；印象 public image source n. 起源；根源；原因 source of income expert n. 专家；行家；能手 expert opinion loss n. 丧失；损失；丢失 loss of life actually adv. （在口语中用于强调事实）的确，真实地，事实上 actually mean tend v. 往往会；常常就 tend to do moreover adv. 此外，而且 moreover, it is equal adj. （大小、数量、价值等）相同的，同样的；相等的 equal rights comment n. 评论；解释 have a comment on host n. （电视或广播的）节目主持人 host a show remind v. 提醒；使想起 remind sb of sth apologize v. 道歉；谢罪 apologize for pudding n. （餐末的）甜食，甜点 Christmas pudding decoration n. 装饰品 Christmas decoration consumer n. 消费者；顾客；用户 consumer goods despite prep. 即使；尽管 despite the fact prove v. 证明；证实 prove to be retired adj. 已退休的，已退职的 retired teacher groceries n. 食品杂货 buy groceries establish v. 查实；确定；证实 establish the truth legally adv. 合法地 legally binding permit v. 允许；准许 permit to do assume v. 假定；假设；认为 assume that carbon footprint n. 碳足迹（日常活动所产生的碳排放量的量度方式） reduce carbon footprint rubbish dump n. 垃圾场；废物堆 local rubbish dump carbon dioxide n. 二氧化碳 emit carbon dioxide 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. convenience n. 方便；便利→convenient adj. 方便的；便利的→conveniently adv. 便利地 2. global adj. 全球的；全世界的→globe n. 地球；球体→globally adv. 全球地 3. snack n. 点心；小吃；快餐→snack bar 快餐吧→snack-sized adj. 小吃大小的 4. recycle v. 回收利用→recyclable adj. 可回收的→recycler n. 回收者 5. plastic n. 塑料→plasticity n. 可塑性；弹性→plasticize v. 使成塑料；使有弹性 6. amount n. 数量；数额→amount to 合计达→quantify v. 量化 7. impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用→impacting v. 冲击；碰撞→impactive adj. 有冲击力的 8. determine v. 明；测定；准确算出→determination n. 决心；果断→determinable adj. 可决定的 9. loss n. 丧失；损失；丢失→lose v. 失去；丢失→losable adj. 可丢失的 10. expect v. 期望；指望→expectation n. 期望；预期→unexpected adj. 意外的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1. carbon footprint 碳足迹（日常活动所产生的碳排放量的量度方式） 2. rubbish dump 垃圾场；废物堆 3. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 4. put ... aside 忽视；不理睬；忘记 5. peanut butter 花生酱 6. baked potato （带皮）烤土豆 7. junk food 垃圾食品 8. vending machine （出售饮料等的）自动售货机 9. pay regard to 注意；关注；关心 10. traffic accident 交通事故 核心词汇精讲 1. convenience n. 方便；便利 People choose packaged food for the sake of convenience, ignoring plastic pollution. 人们为了方便选择包装食品，却忽视塑料污染。 【拓展】convenient adj. 方便的；conveniently adv. 便利地 【搭配】for convenience 为方便起见；bring convenience to sb 给某人带来便利 2. impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用 v. 对…… 产生影响 Daily diet choices have a deep impact on global carbon emissions. 日常饮食选择对全球碳排放有着深远影响。 【拓展】impactful adj. 有重大影响的 【搭配】have an impact on 对…… 产生影响；environmental impact 环境影响 3. determine v. 查明；测定；决定 The amount of meat you eat will determine your carbon footprint. 肉类食用量会决定你的碳足迹大小。 【拓展】determined adj. 坚定的；determination n. 决心 【搭配】determine the source of pollution 查明污染源；be determined by 由…… 决定 4. tend v. 往往会；常常就 Teenagers tend to buy more snacks with excessive plastic packaging. 青少年往往会购买大量塑料过度包装的零食。 【拓展】tendency n. 趋势；倾向 【搭配】tend to do sth 往往做某事；have a tendency to 有…… 倾向 5. link v. 连接；联系 n. 关联；纽带 Experts link cattle farming to the rise of greenhouse gas. 专家将畜牧业与温室气体增多联系在一起。 【搭配】link A with/to B 把 A 与 B 联系起来；a close link 密切关联 6. source n. 起源；根源；来源 Plastic waste is one major source of environmental loss nowadays. 塑料垃圾是当下环境损耗的主要来源之一。 【搭配】energy source 能源；the source of pollution 污染源 7. consumer n. 消费者；顾客；用户 Every consumer should pay regard to green shopping habits. 每位消费者都应当关注绿色购物习惯。 【拓展】consume v. 消耗；消费；consumption n. 消耗；消费 【搭配】consumer demand 消费者需求；consumer goods 消费品 8. despite prep. 即使；尽管 Many people still buy frozen snacks despite knowing their high packaging waste. 尽管知道冷冻零食包装废弃物多，很多人仍会购买。 【搭配】despite + n./doing 尽管；despite the fact that 虽然…… 9. prove v. 证明；证实 Facts prove that recycling plastic can greatly cut carbon loss. 事实证明回收塑料能大幅减少碳损耗。 【拓展】proof n. 证据；证明 【搭配】prove sth to sb 向某人证明；prove (to be) effective 证明有效 10. establish v. 查实；确定；建立；设立 Scientists establish the exact amount of gas released by plastic containers. 科学家测定塑料容器释放气体的准确总量。 【拓展】establishment n. 建立；机构 【搭配】establish rules 制定规则；establish a recycling facility 设立回收设施 11. permit v. 允许；准许 n. 许可证 The law does not permit shops to use too much plastic packaging. 法律不允许商铺使用过量塑料包装。 【拓展】permission n. 允许；许可 【搭配】permit sb to do sth 允许某人做；ask for permission 请求许可 12. remind v. 提醒；使想起 Labels on groceries remind us to recycle plastic containers. 食品杂货上的标签提醒我们回收塑料容器。 【搭配】remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事；remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 13. stress n. 压力；精神负担 v. 强调；施压 The pressure of convenience brings great stress to our environment. 追求便利的压力给环境带来沉重负担。 【拓展】stressful adj. 充满压力的 【搭配】reduce stress 缓解压力；stress the importance of 强调…… 的重要性 14. equal adj. 相等的；平等的 v. 等于 The carbon waste from two bags of snacks is equal to that of a short car trip. 两袋零食产生的碳废弃物等同于短途驾车的排放量。 【拓展】equally adv. 平等地；equality n. 平等 【搭配】be equal to 等同于；equal opportunities 均等机会 15. amount n. 数量；数额 v. 总计 A large amount of plastic ends up in rubbish dumps every year. 每年都有大量塑料最终流入垃圾场。 【搭配】a large amount of + 不可数名词 大量；the amount of …… 的数量 课文聚焦 一、原文呈现： The good, the bad and the really ugly by Jane Brown Today, in my fridge, there are a few grapes, some bananas and some fruit juice—things that are not expensive and that are good for me. There is also a pizza, and some burgers—which are not so good. I know what this food does to my body, but what does it do to the world around me? It’s time to look at my carbon footprint and think about the difference between the good, the bad and the really ugly. 参考译文： 今天，在我的冰箱里，有一些葡萄，一些香蕉和一些果汁——这些东西不贵，但对我有好处。还有一种披萨和一些不太好吃的汉堡。我知道这种食物对我的身体有什么影响，但是它对我周围的世界有什么影响呢?是时候看看我的碳足迹了，想想好的，坏的和真正丑陋的之间的区别。 Food miles My first stop is the label. Labels give us lots of information: how long we can keep our food, how healthy it is and where it comes from. A few hundred years ago, most of our food came from places we could walk to, but today, food travels thousands of miles. We refrigerate it, and then transport it in planes and ships all over the world. This creates pollution and causes global warming. I look at the pizza and feel bad at once—not because it’s unhealthy, but because the seafood on it comes all the way from Thailand. I know seafood is also produced in the UK, but the local seafood is more expensive. I take out a banana—it’s from Brazil, but that’s not too bad. It came here by boat, so the carbon footprint of this healthy snack is small. 参考译文： 食物里程 我的第一站是标签。标签给了我们很多信息:我们的食物可以保存多久，它有多健康，从哪里来的。几百年前，我们大部分的食物来自我们可以步行去的地方，但是今天，食物要经过几千英里的旅行。我们把它冷藏起来，然后用飞机和轮船运到世界各地。这会造成污染并导致全球变暖。我一看披萨就觉得不舒服——不是因为它不健康，而是因为上面的海鲜是从泰国远道而来的。我知道英国也生产海鲜，但是当地的海鲜比较贵。我拿出一条香蕉——它来自巴西，但也不算太糟。它是乘船来的，所以这种健康零食的碳足迹很小。 Packaging The next stop is the packaging. In the UK, we don’t recycle all our packaging; we throw away more than 30% of it. This waste goes to the rubbish dump and not to the recycling facility. Luckily, we don’t need to package food like bananas, but food like grapes needs protection. I look at the grapes in my fridge—they’re in a plastic container and they’re from Spain. 参考译文： 包装 下一站是包装。在英国，我们不回收所有的包装，我们扔掉了超过30%的包装。这些垃圾都被扔进了垃圾场，而不是进了回收设施。幸运的是，我们不需要包装像香蕉这样的食物，但像葡萄这样的食物需要保护。我看了看冰箱里的葡萄——它们装在塑料容器里，来自西班牙。 Production So my grapes are from Spain, but at least they grew in natural sunlight. In the UK, people grow grapes in heated greenhouses, which means our grapes are less energy-efficient. But there is one other thing in my fridge, and if pizza and grapes are “bad”, then this food is “really ugly”. It’s the burgers. They have the biggest carbon footprint because they come from cows. In the USA, cows create the same amount of greenhouse gases as 20 million cars! As I close the fridge door, I make a checklist for my next trip to the supermarket: 1)Read the label; 2)Look at the packaging; 3)Don’t buy a lot of meat. Maybe I could grow my own vegetables too. It’s eco-friendly. I’d save some money and I wouldn’t feel bad about eating burgers! 参考译文： 生产 我的葡萄来自西班牙，但至少它们生长在自然阳光下。在英国，人们在加热的温室里种植葡萄，这意味着我们的葡萄不那么节能。但是我的冰箱里还有一件东西，如果披萨和葡萄“不好”，那么这种食物“真的很难看”。这是汉堡。它们的碳足迹最大，因为它们来自奶牛。在美国，奶牛产生的温室气体相当于2000万辆汽车产生的温室气体。 关上冰箱门，我为下次去超市做了一个清单: 1)阅读标签; 2)看看包装; 3)不要买很多肉。 也许我也可以自己种蔬菜。它是环保的。这样我就可以省点钱，吃汉堡也不会感觉不好! 二、课文研习： 重难句式及解析 1.“There is also a pizza, and some burgers—which are not so good. I know what this food does to my body, but what does it do to the world around me?” 解析：前句中破折号引导的 “which are not so good” 为非限制性定语从句，补充说明披萨和汉堡的弊端；后句通过 “but” 转折，将 “what this food does to my body”（宾语从句）与 “what does it do to the world”（特殊疑问句）对比，从个人健康转向环境影响，引出文章核心议题。 2.“A few hundred years ago, most of our food came from places we could walk to, but today, food travels thousands of miles.” 解析：句子通过 “but” 形成时间对比，前半句 “places we could walk to” 中省略关系代词 “that/which” 的定语从句，强调过去食物的本地化；后半句 “travels thousands of miles” 用夸张手法突出现代食物运输距离之长，为后文 “食物里程” 的环境影响做铺垫。 3.“This creates pollution and causes global warming. I look at the pizza and feel bad at once—not because it’s unhealthy, but because the seafood on it comes all the way from Thailand.” 解析：前两句为因果逻辑，“this” 指代前文运输行为；后句通过 “not...but...” 结构对比原因状语从句，否定 “不健康” 的表层因素，强调 “海鲜来自泰国” 的环境代价，“all the way from” 强化距离感，凸显碳足迹问题。 4.“In the UK, we don’t recycle all our packaging; we throw away more than 30% of it. This waste goes to the rubbish dump and not to the recycling facility.” 解析：分号连接两个并列分句，说明包装回收现状；“more than 30%” 用数据增强说服力，“not to...but to...” 隐含转折，强调垃圾处理方式的不合理，为后文 “包装污染” 的论述提供事实支撑。 5.“But there is one other thing in my fridge, and if pizza and grapes are ‘bad’, then this food is ‘really ugly’. It’s the burgers. They have the biggest carbon footprint because they come from cows.” 解析：前句通过 “if...then...” 条件句和比喻（“really ugly”）引出核心对象；后两句中 “because” 引导原因状语从句，将汉堡的高碳足迹归因于畜牧业，与前文 “披萨 / 葡萄” 形成程度对比，突出论证的递进关系。 学以致用 一、单词拼写 要求：根据首字母及中文提示写出完整单词 1. We should r__________（回收利用）plastic bottles to cut pollution. 2. This new public f__________（场所）offers special bins for waste sorting. 3. Many people buy goods just for c__________（方便）without thinking about waste. 4. The g__________（全球的）carbon crisis calls for everyone’s green lifestyle choices. 5. Experts l__________（连接）unhealthy diets with rising greenhouse gas release. 6. The huge a__________（数量）of plastic waste damages the natural environment. 7. Shopping habits have a deep i__________（巨大影响）on carbon footprints. 8. Green products do not p__________（允许）excessive plastic packaging. 9. The teacher r__________（提醒）us to choose snacks with less packaging. 10. D__________（尽管）the high price, many consumers still pick frozen food. 11. Scientists e__________（查实；确定）the main source of carbon loss from daily food. 12. We cannot a__________（假定）all teenagers know how to reduce waste. 13. The new survey will p__________（证明）that green diets lower carbon emissions. 14. The c__________（消费者）are the key to reducing plastic packaging waste. 15. Too much work brings heavy s__________（压力）and makes people ignore environmental protection. 二、完成句子 establish apologize comment loss recycle slim global assume permit remind determine 1. The loss of glaciers due to warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. 由于全球变暖带来的冰川融化对农业造成了巨大的威胁。 2. If we try our best to the wastes, we can reduce pollution and conserve natural resources. 如果我们尽力回收废物，我们可以减少污染，保护自然资源。 3. A fleet sailed for New South Wales to the first European settlement in Australia. 一支舰队驶向新南威尔士去建立欧洲在澳大利亚的第一个移民地。 4. It is quite reasonable to that modern science and technology will continue to advance. 人们认为科技会继续进步，这个预测是有道理的。 5. Cash machines you to withdraw money at any time. 取款机可让你随时取款。 6. We for the late arrival of the train. 我们为火车误点表示歉意。 7. You really can't until you know the facts. 你的确不能在你知道事实之前进行评论。 8. They me of the time when I used to live in Spain. 它们让我想起那些我在西班牙生活的日子。 9. An inquiry was set up to the cause of the accident. 已展开调查以确定事故原因。 10. The war brought massive devastation and of life to the region. 战争给该地区造成巨大的破坏以及生命的丧失。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 沪教版必修一Unit 3 Choices（单词+课文） 目录 重点速记：单元词汇、词块词组梳理 课文聚焦：课文预习、重难句式讲解 学以致用：巩固提升，点面夯实突破 重点速记 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 convenience n. 方便；便利 for convenience label n. 标签 read the label global adj. 全球的；全世界的 global warming snack n. 点心；小吃；快餐 healthy snack packaging n. 包装材料 plastic packaging recycle v. 回收利用 recycle waste facility n. （供特定用途的）场所 sports facility plastic n. 塑料 plastic bag container n. 容器 storage container greenhouse n. 温室 in a greenhouse energy-efficient adj. 节能的 energy-efficient appliances amount n. 数量；数额 large amount gas n. 气体 natural gas impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用 have an impact on determine v. 明；测定；准确算出 determine the cause stress n. 压力 under stress cattle n. 牛 head of cattle frozen adj. 冷冻的；冷藏的 frozen food link v. 连接 link to teenager n. （13至19岁之间的）青少年 teenage years diet n. 日常饮食；日常食物 balanced diet details n. 具体情况 in detail yoghurt n. 酸奶 plain yoghurt slim adj. 苗条的；纤细的 slim figure image n. 形象；印象 public image source n. 起源；根源；原因 source of income expert n. 专家；行家；能手 expert opinion loss n. 丧失；损失；丢失 loss of life actually adv. （在口语中用于强调事实）的确，真实地，事实上 actually mean tend v. 往往会；常常就 tend to do moreover adv. 此外，而且 moreover, it is equal adj. （大小、数量、价值等）相同的，同样的；相等的 equal rights comment n. 评论；解释 have a comment on host n. （电视或广播的）节目主持人 host a show remind v. 提醒；使想起 remind sb of sth apologize v. 道歉；谢罪 apologize for pudding n. （餐末的）甜食，甜点 Christmas pudding decoration n. 装饰品 Christmas decoration consumer n. 消费者；顾客；用户 consumer goods despite prep. 即使；尽管 despite the fact prove v. 证明；证实 prove to be retired adj. 已退休的，已退职的 retired teacher groceries n. 食品杂货 buy groceries establish v. 查实；确定；证实 establish the truth legally adv. 合法地 legally binding permit v. 允许；准许 permit to do assume v. 假定；假设；认为 assume that carbon footprint n. 碳足迹（日常活动所产生的碳排放量的量度方式） reduce carbon footprint rubbish dump n. 垃圾场；废物堆 local rubbish dump carbon dioxide n. 二氧化碳 emit carbon dioxide 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. convenience n. 方便；便利→convenient adj. 方便的；便利的→conveniently adv. 便利地 2. global adj. 全球的；全世界的→globe n. 地球；球体→globally adv. 全球地 3. snack n. 点心；小吃；快餐→snack bar 快餐吧→snack-sized adj. 小吃大小的 4. recycle v. 回收利用→recyclable adj. 可回收的→recycler n. 回收者 5. plastic n. 塑料→plasticity n. 可塑性；弹性→plasticize v. 使成塑料；使有弹性 6. amount n. 数量；数额→amount to 合计达→quantify v. 量化 7. impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用→impacting v. 冲击；碰撞→impactive adj. 有冲击力的 8. determine v. 明；测定；准确算出→determination n. 决心；果断→determinable adj. 可决定的 9. loss n. 丧失；损失；丢失→lose v. 失去；丢失→losable adj. 可丢失的 10. expect v. 期望；指望→expectation n. 期望；预期→unexpected adj. 意外的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1. carbon footprint 碳足迹（日常活动所产生的碳排放量的量度方式） 2. rubbish dump 垃圾场；废物堆 3. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 4. put ... aside 忽视；不理睬；忘记 5. peanut butter 花生酱 6. baked potato （带皮）烤土豆 7. junk food 垃圾食品 8. vending machine （出售饮料等的）自动售货机 9. pay regard to 注意；关注；关心 10. traffic accident 交通事故 核心词汇精讲 1. convenience n. 方便；便利 People choose packaged food for the sake of convenience, ignoring plastic pollution. 人们为了方便选择包装食品，却忽视塑料污染。 【拓展】convenient adj. 方便的；conveniently adv. 便利地 【搭配】for convenience 为方便起见；bring convenience to sb 给某人带来便利 2. impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用 v. 对…… 产生影响 Daily diet choices have a deep impact on global carbon emissions. 日常饮食选择对全球碳排放有着深远影响。 【拓展】impactful adj. 有重大影响的 【搭配】have an impact on 对…… 产生影响；environmental impact 环境影响 3. determine v. 查明；测定；决定 The amount of meat you eat will determine your carbon footprint. 肉类食用量会决定你的碳足迹大小。 【拓展】determined adj. 坚定的；determination n. 决心 【搭配】determine the source of pollution 查明污染源；be determined by 由…… 决定 4. tend v. 往往会；常常就 Teenagers tend to buy more snacks with excessive plastic packaging. 青少年往往会购买大量塑料过度包装的零食。 【拓展】tendency n. 趋势；倾向 【搭配】tend to do sth 往往做某事；have a tendency to 有…… 倾向 5. link v. 连接；联系 n. 关联；纽带 Experts link cattle farming to the rise of greenhouse gas. 专家将畜牧业与温室气体增多联系在一起。 【搭配】link A with/to B 把 A 与 B 联系起来；a close link 密切关联 6. source n. 起源；根源；来源 Plastic waste is one major source of environmental loss nowadays. 塑料垃圾是当下环境损耗的主要来源之一。 【搭配】energy source 能源；the source of pollution 污染源 7. consumer n. 消费者；顾客；用户 Every consumer should pay regard to green shopping habits. 每位消费者都应当关注绿色购物习惯。 【拓展】consume v. 消耗；消费；consumption n. 消耗；消费 【搭配】consumer demand 消费者需求；consumer goods 消费品 8. despite prep. 即使；尽管 Many people still buy frozen snacks despite knowing their high packaging waste. 尽管知道冷冻零食包装废弃物多，很多人仍会购买。 【搭配】despite + n./doing 尽管；despite the fact that 虽然…… 9. prove v. 证明；证实 Facts prove that recycling plastic can greatly cut carbon loss. 事实证明回收塑料能大幅减少碳损耗。 【拓展】proof n. 证据；证明 【搭配】prove sth to sb 向某人证明；prove (to be) effective 证明有效 10. establish v. 查实；确定；建立；设立 Scientists establish the exact amount of gas released by plastic containers. 科学家测定塑料容器释放气体的准确总量。 【拓展】establishment n. 建立；机构 【搭配】establish rules 制定规则；establish a recycling facility 设立回收设施 11. permit v. 允许；准许 n. 许可证 The law does not permit shops to use too much plastic packaging. 法律不允许商铺使用过量塑料包装。 【拓展】permission n. 允许；许可 【搭配】permit sb to do sth 允许某人做；ask for permission 请求许可 12. remind v. 提醒；使想起 Labels on groceries remind us to recycle plastic containers. 食品杂货上的标签提醒我们回收塑料容器。 【搭配】remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事；remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 13. stress n. 压力；精神负担 v. 强调；施压 The pressure of convenience brings great stress to our environment. 追求便利的压力给环境带来沉重负担。 【拓展】stressful adj. 充满压力的 【搭配】reduce stress 缓解压力；stress the importance of 强调…… 的重要性 14. equal adj. 相等的；平等的 v. 等于 The carbon waste from two bags of snacks is equal to that of a short car trip. 两袋零食产生的碳废弃物等同于短途驾车的排放量。 【拓展】equally adv. 平等地；equality n. 平等 【搭配】be equal to 等同于；equal opportunities 均等机会 15. amount n. 数量；数额 v. 总计 A large amount of plastic ends up in rubbish dumps every year. 每年都有大量塑料最终流入垃圾场。 【搭配】a large amount of + 不可数名词 大量；the amount of …… 的数量 课文聚焦 一、原文呈现： The good, the bad and the really ugly by Jane Brown Today, in my fridge, there are a few grapes, some bananas and some fruit juice—things that are not expensive and that are good for me. There is also a pizza, and some burgers—which are not so good. I know what this food does to my body, but what does it do to the world around me? It’s time to look at my carbon footprint and think about the difference between the good, the bad and the really ugly. 参考译文： 今天，在我的冰箱里，有一些葡萄，一些香蕉和一些果汁——这些东西不贵，但对我有好处。还有一种披萨和一些不太好吃的汉堡。我知道这种食物对我的身体有什么影响，但是它对我周围的世界有什么影响呢?是时候看看我的碳足迹了，想想好的，坏的和真正丑陋的之间的区别。 Food miles My first stop is the label. Labels give us lots of information: how long we can keep our food, how healthy it is and where it comes from. A few hundred years ago, most of our food came from places we could walk to, but today, food travels thousands of miles. We refrigerate it, and then transport it in planes and ships all over the world. This creates pollution and causes global warming. I look at the pizza and feel bad at once—not because it’s unhealthy, but because the seafood on it comes all the way from Thailand. I know seafood is also produced in the UK, but the local seafood is more expensive. I take out a banana—it’s from Brazil, but that’s not too bad. It came here by boat, so the carbon footprint of this healthy snack is small. 参考译文： 食物里程 我的第一站是标签。标签给了我们很多信息:我们的食物可以保存多久，它有多健康，从哪里来的。几百年前，我们大部分的食物来自我们可以步行去的地方，但是今天，食物要经过几千英里的旅行。我们把它冷藏起来，然后用飞机和轮船运到世界各地。这会造成污染并导致全球变暖。我一看披萨就觉得不舒服——不是因为它不健康，而是因为上面的海鲜是从泰国远道而来的。我知道英国也生产海鲜，但是当地的海鲜比较贵。我拿出一条香蕉——它来自巴西，但也不算太糟。它是乘船来的，所以这种健康零食的碳足迹很小。 Packaging The next stop is the packaging. In the UK, we don’t recycle all our packaging; we throw away more than 30% of it. This waste goes to the rubbish dump and not to the recycling facility. Luckily, we don’t need to package food like bananas, but food like grapes needs protection. I look at the grapes in my fridge—they’re in a plastic container and they’re from Spain. 参考译文： 包装 下一站是包装。在英国，我们不回收所有的包装，我们扔掉了超过30%的包装。这些垃圾都被扔进了垃圾场，而不是进了回收设施。幸运的是，我们不需要包装像香蕉这样的食物，但像葡萄这样的食物需要保护。我看了看冰箱里的葡萄——它们装在塑料容器里，来自西班牙。 Production So my grapes are from Spain, but at least they grew in natural sunlight. In the UK, people grow grapes in heated greenhouses, which means our grapes are less energy-efficient. But there is one other thing in my fridge, and if pizza and grapes are “bad”, then this food is “really ugly”. It’s the burgers. They have the biggest carbon footprint because they come from cows. In the USA, cows create the same amount of greenhouse gases as 20 million cars! As I close the fridge door, I make a checklist for my next trip to the supermarket: 1)Read the label; 2)Look at the packaging; 3)Don’t buy a lot of meat. Maybe I could grow my own vegetables too. It’s eco-friendly. I’d save some money and I wouldn’t feel bad about eating burgers! 参考译文： 生产 我的葡萄来自西班牙，但至少它们生长在自然阳光下。在英国，人们在加热的温室里种植葡萄，这意味着我们的葡萄不那么节能。但是我的冰箱里还有一件东西，如果披萨和葡萄“不好”，那么这种食物“真的很难看”。这是汉堡。它们的碳足迹最大，因为它们来自奶牛。在美国，奶牛产生的温室气体相当于2000万辆汽车产生的温室气体。 关上冰箱门，我为下次去超市做了一个清单: 1)阅读标签; 2)看看包装; 3)不要买很多肉。 也许我也可以自己种蔬菜。它是环保的。这样我就可以省点钱，吃汉堡也不会感觉不好! 二、课文研习： 重难句式及解析 1.“There is also a pizza, and some burgers—which are not so good. I know what this food does to my body, but what does it do to the world around me?” 解析：前句中破折号引导的 “which are not so good” 为非限制性定语从句，补充说明披萨和汉堡的弊端；后句通过 “but” 转折，将 “what this food does to my body”（宾语从句）与 “what does it do to the world”（特殊疑问句）对比，从个人健康转向环境影响，引出文章核心议题。 2.“A few hundred years ago, most of our food came from places we could walk to, but today, food travels thousands of miles.” 解析：句子通过 “but” 形成时间对比，前半句 “places we could walk to” 中省略关系代词 “that/which” 的定语从句，强调过去食物的本地化；后半句 “travels thousands of miles” 用夸张手法突出现代食物运输距离之长，为后文 “食物里程” 的环境影响做铺垫。 3.“This creates pollution and causes global warming. I look at the pizza and feel bad at once—not because it’s unhealthy, but because the seafood on it comes all the way from Thailand.” 解析：前两句为因果逻辑，“this” 指代前文运输行为；后句通过 “not...but...” 结构对比原因状语从句，否定 “不健康” 的表层因素，强调 “海鲜来自泰国” 的环境代价，“all the way from” 强化距离感，凸显碳足迹问题。 4.“In the UK, we don’t recycle all our packaging; we throw away more than 30% of it. This waste goes to the rubbish dump and not to the recycling facility.” 解析：分号连接两个并列分句，说明包装回收现状；“more than 30%” 用数据增强说服力，“not to...but to...” 隐含转折，强调垃圾处理方式的不合理，为后文 “包装污染” 的论述提供事实支撑。 5.“But there is one other thing in my fridge, and if pizza and grapes are ‘bad’, then this food is ‘really ugly’. It’s the burgers. They have the biggest carbon footprint because they come from cows.” 解析：前句通过 “if...then...” 条件句和比喻（“really ugly”）引出核心对象；后两句中 “because” 引导原因状语从句，将汉堡的高碳足迹归因于畜牧业，与前文 “披萨 / 葡萄” 形成程度对比，突出论证的递进关系。 学以致用 一、单词拼写 要求：根据首字母及中文提示写出完整单词 1. We should r__________（回收利用）plastic bottles to cut pollution. 2. This new public f__________（场所）offers special bins for waste sorting. 3. Many people buy goods just for c__________（方便）without thinking about waste. 4. The g__________（全球的）carbon crisis calls for everyone’s green lifestyle choices. 5. Experts l__________（连接）unhealthy diets with rising greenhouse gas release. 6. The huge a__________（数量）of plastic waste damages the natural environment. 7. Shopping habits have a deep i__________（巨大影响）on carbon footprints. 8. Green products do not p__________（允许）excessive plastic packaging. 9. The teacher r__________（提醒）us to choose snacks with less packaging. 10. D__________（尽管）the high price, many consumers still pick frozen food. 11. Scientists e__________（查实；确定）the main source of carbon loss from daily food. 12. We cannot a__________（假定）all teenagers know how to reduce waste. 13. The new survey will p__________（证明）that green diets lower carbon emissions. 14. The c__________（消费者）are the key to reducing plastic packaging waste. 15. Too much work brings heavy s__________（压力）and makes people ignore environmental protection. 参考答案 recycle, facility, convenience, global, link, amount, impact, permit, remind, Despite, establish, assume, prove, consumer, stress 二、完成句子 establish apologize comment loss recycle slim global assume permit remind determine 1. The loss of glaciers due to warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. 由于全球变暖带来的冰川融化对农业造成了巨大的威胁。 2. If we try our best to the wastes, we can reduce pollution and conserve natural resources. 如果我们尽力回收废物，我们可以减少污染，保护自然资源。 3. A fleet sailed for New South Wales to the first European settlement in Australia. 一支舰队驶向新南威尔士去建立欧洲在澳大利亚的第一个移民地。 4. It is quite reasonable to that modern science and technology will continue to advance. 人们认为科技会继续进步，这个预测是有道理的。 5. Cash machines you to withdraw money at any time. 取款机可让你随时取款。 6. We for the late arrival of the train. 我们为火车误点表示歉意。 7. You really can't until you know the facts. 你的确不能在你知道事实之前进行评论。 8. They me of the time when I used to live in Spain. 它们让我想起那些我在西班牙生活的日子。 9. An inquiry was set up to the cause of the accident. 已展开调查以确定事故原因。 10. The war brought massive devastation and of life to the region. 战争给该地区造成巨大的破坏以及生命的丧失。 答案：1. global 2. recycle 3. establish 4. assume 5. permit 6. apologize 7. comment 8. remind 9. determine 10. loss 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $