周周有招同步提高班Unit4 讲义第二讲 2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册（教师版+学生版）

本初中英语讲义聚焦疑问词引导的宾语从句（下）及综合进阶，系统梳理why/how引导的从句结构、成分分析、时态规则，衔接第1讲what/which/who/where/when的学习，通过知识树和对比表格构建完整语法支架，形成从基础到综合的学习脉络。 该资料以“提升记忆力”为主题融合语法、阅读与写作，通过“三步判断口诀”“易错点深度辨析”培养思维品质，借助主旨大意定位法和三段式写作框架提升语言能力。课中教师可依托实例教学，课后学生通过知识树和巩固作业查漏补缺，实现语言理解与表达能力的综合发展。

第2讲 How Can We Improve Our Memory（如何提升记忆力） 课时：120分钟 | 课型：深度辨析 + 写作输出 教学规划总览 教学环节 时间 内容定位 课前测 10分钟 第1讲知识复习 · 疑问词引导的宾语从句 + 记忆词汇 讲题 5分钟 课前测精讲 · 易错回扫 课堂授课 80分钟 宾语从句深度进阶（why/how引导+综合）+ 阅读技能 + 写作输出 课堂练习 15分钟 综合题型训练 讲解 5分钟 答题技巧总结 课堂小结 5分钟 全单元知识体系构建 课后作业：约30分钟题量（见讲末） 课前测（10分钟） 填入适当的疑问词（what / which / who / where / when），并翻译句子。 1. I don't know __________ she likes. 翻译：_________________________________________________________ → what 翻译：我不知道她喜欢什么。 1. Can you tell me __________ book is yours, this one or that one? 翻译：_________________________________________________________ → which 翻译：你能告诉我哪本书是你的，这本还是那本？ 1. Do you remember __________ gave you this gift? 翻译：_________________________________________________________ → who 翻译：你记得谁给了你这个礼物吗？ 1. He forgot __________ he parked his car. 翻译：_________________________________________________________ → where 翻译：他忘了把车停在哪里了。 1. I wonder __________ the meeting will start. 翻译：_________________________________________________________ → when 翻译：我想知道会议什么时候开始。 讲题环节（5分钟） 备课批注： 重点回扫第1题（what作宾语，语序为陈述句）和第3题（who作主语，语序不变）。 课堂授课（80分钟） 模块一 核心语法：疑问词引导的宾语从句（下）+ 综合进阶（30分钟） 1.1 第三组：why / how 引导（原因/方式） （6）why引导——"为什么"（原因状语） 结构公式： 主句 + why + 陈述句（从句） why在从句中充当原因状语 询问或描述原因 【成分说明】 why在从句中充当原因状语。判断方法：如果从句结构完整（不缺主语、宾语、地点、时间），但缺少"原因"的信息，就用why。 I don't know why he left.（why作left的原因状语，说明"为什么"离开） 比较：I don't know where he left.（where作left的地点状语） 【例4-12 基础建构】合并句子，用why引导的宾语从句。 (1) Why is it easy to forget a word? Could you tell me? → Could you tell me why it is easy to forget a word? 解析：why在从句中充当原因状语。语序改为陈述句，is放在主语it后面。 (2) Why did she look worried? He didn't understand. → He didn't understand why she looked worried. 解析：why引导，去掉助动词did，look改为过去式looked。 （7）how引导——"如何/怎样"（方式状语） 结构公式： 主句 + how + 陈述句（从句） how在从句中充当方式状语 询问或描述方式、方法 【成分说明】 how在从句中充当方式状语。判断方法：如果从句结构完整（不缺主语、宾语、地点、时间、原因），但缺少"方式/方法"的信息，就用how。 I don't know how he did it.（how作did的方式状语，说明"如何"做） 比较：I don't know why he did it.（why作did的原因状语） 特别注意： how可以与形容词/副词连用，形成how + adj./adv.的结构，如how old, how long, how far, how many等。 【例4-13 基础建构】合并句子，用how引导的宾语从句。 (1) How does memory work? Do you know? → Do you know how memory works? 解析：how在从句中充当方式状语。去掉助动词does，work改为works。 (2) How can we improve our memory? The teacher showed us. → The teacher showed us how we can improve our memory. 解析：how引导，情态动词can回到主语we后面。 (3) How old is your grandmother? I want to know. → I want to know how old your grandmother is. 解析：how + old引导，is放在主语your grandmother后面。 1.2 疑问词在从句中的成分分析（核心进阶） 认知重构策略： 让学生理解——疑问词不仅是连接词，还在从句中充当具体的句子成分。这是区分不同疑问词的关键。 疑问词 在从句中的成分 例句 成分分析 what 主语/宾语/表语 I know what he likes. what作likes的宾语 which(+n.) 定语/宾语 I know which book you want. which book作want的宾语 who 主语/宾语 I know who he is. who作is的表语 where 地点状语 I know where he lives. where修饰lives when 时间状语 I know when he comes. when修饰comes why 原因状语 I know why he is late. why修饰is late how 方式状语 I know how he does it. how修饰does 【例4-14 成分分析】指出下列各句中疑问词在从句中充当的成分。 (1) I don't know what she wants. → what在从句中充当wants的宾语。 (2) Can you tell me where the station is? → where在从句中充当is的地点状语。 (3) He asked who broke the window. → who在从句中充当broke的主语。 (4) I wonder why she left early. → why在从句中充当left的原因状语。 1.3 宾语从句时态综合 规则 说明 示例 主现从自 主句现在时，从句自由变 I wonder why he was late yesterday. 主过从过 主句过去时，从句过去变 He asked where I lived. 真理永现 客观真理用一般现在时 The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. 【例4-15 时态综合】用所给词的正确形式填空。 (1) She asked me where I __________ (live). → lived 解析：主句asked为过去时，从句改为过去时。 (2) I don't know what he __________ (say) yesterday. → said 解析：主句为一般现在时，从句根据yesterday用一般过去时。 (3) He wondered why she __________ (cry) at that moment. → was crying 解析：主句wondered为过去时，at that moment提示过去进行时。 (4) Can you tell me how I __________ (can) get to the airport? → can 解析：主句为一般现在时，从句情态动词can保持不变。 (5) The scientist explained why light __________ (travel) faster than sound. → travels 解析：客观真理，永远用一般现在时。 1.4 易错点深度辨析 易错点1：what与which的混淆（高频） 口诀："which后有范围，what前无界限；which常把名词跟，what独自把事担。" 易错点2：语序错误（最高频） ✗ I don't know where is the library. ✓ I don't know where the library is. 易错点3：why引导中助动词的去留 ✗ I wonder why did he leave. ✓ I wonder why he left. 易错点4：who作主语与作宾语的区别 作主语：I know who came.（who + 动词） 作宾语：I know who you met.（who + 主语 + 动词） 【例4-16 我是小老师】下列句子都有错误，请找出并改正。 (1) I don't know where is the post office. → ✗ 改正：I don't know where the post office is. (2) Can you tell me what does he want? → ✗ 改正：Can you tell me what he wants? (3) I wonder why did she cry. → ✗ 改正：I wonder why she cried. (4) She asked me that I liked the movie. → ✗ 改正：She asked me if/whether I liked the movie. (5) Do you know who is he? → ✗ 改正：Do you know who he is? 模块二 阅读技能：主旨大意与细节理解（15分钟） 2.1 阅读策略：主旨大意定位法 三大定位技巧： 首尾段法、高频词法、转折强调法。 2.2 实战阅读 教师朗读稿： How can we improve our memory? Scientists have found some effective ways. To start with, it is important to understand how memory works. There are two main kinds of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory helps you remember things for a short time, like a phone number. Long-term memory is the ability to remember things for days, years, or even a lifetime. By using some clever memory techniques, you can see great results. First, pay attention when you learn. Taking notes and writing down key points can help you remember better. Second, review what you learn. The more you review, the more likely you will remember it. Last but not least, boost your memory by staying healthy. Bad sleep makes it harder for new information to enter your long-term memory. Your brain needs food like an engine needs fuel. A healthy and active body boosts both your memory and your mind. 【阅读任务】 (1) What are the two main kinds of memory?（1分） → Short-term memory and long-term memory. (2) What does short-term memory help you do?（1分） → It helps you remember things for a short time, like a phone number. (3) According to the passage, what are some ways to improve memory?（至少列举2个）（2分） → ① Pay attention and take notes. ② Review what you learn. ③ Stay healthy and sleep well. (4) Why is it important to stay healthy for memory?（2分） → Because bad sleep makes it harder for new information to enter long-term memory, and the brain needs food like an engine needs fuel. (5) 找出文中含疑问词引导的宾语从句的句子（至少2句）。（2分） → ① It is important to understand how memory works. → ② Review what you learn. (6) 用一句话概括本文主旨。（2分） → We can improve our memory by using effective techniques and staying healthy. 模块三 写作：Write about Memory Improvement（25分钟） 3.1 写作框架 Paragraph 1： 开头（引出话题） Paragraph 2： 主体（方法+理由） Paragraph 3： 结尾（总结与鼓励） 3.2 写作示范 Do you know how we can improve our memory? Scientists have found some effective ways. First, it is important to understand how memory works. There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. To move information into long-term memory, we need to review it regularly. Second, I wonder if you have tried taking notes and writing down key points. This helps you remember better. Last but not least, a healthy lifestyle boosts your memory. Your brain needs good sleep and healthy food like an engine needs fuel. I believe that if you try these methods, you will see great results. Remember: use it or lose it! 范文解析： 宾语从句：Do you know how...? / understand how... / I wonder if... / I believe that... 词汇亮点：short-term memory, long-term memory, boost, use it or lose it 3.3 写作实战 写作提示： 介绍提升记忆力的方法（至少2种），使用至少2个疑问词引导的宾语从句，使用至少3个本单元记忆主题词汇，词数80词左右。 模块四 综合语法与考点整合（10分钟） 4.1 本单元疑问词引导的宾语从句完整知识树 疑问词 含义 在从句中的成分 示例 what 什么 主语/宾语/表语 I know what he likes. which(+n.) 哪一个 定语/宾语 I know which book you want. who 谁 主语/宾语/表语 I know who he is. where 哪里 地点状语 I know where he lives. when 什么时候 时间状语 I know when he comes. why 为什么 原因状语 I know why he is late. how 如何 方式状语 I know how he does it. 三步判断口诀： "一看含义二看成份，三查语序是否顺； 指物用what人选who，地点where时when； 原因why来方式how，which后面范围有； 陈述语序不能忘，助动词do要去光。" 4.2 本单元与Unit 3的宾语从句对比 对比维度 Unit 3（that/if/whether） Unit 4（疑问词引导） 原句类型 陈述句/一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 连接词 that（可省略）/ if/whether what/which/who/where/when/why/how 连接词在从句中的功能 只连接，不充当成分 连接+充当成分 语序 陈述句语序 陈述句语序 时态一致 适用 适用 认知跃迁提醒 第1讲你学会了疑问词引导的宾语从句的前五组引导词——what/which/who/where/when。你还学会了陈述语序铁律和成分分析。 第2讲，你学会了why和how引导的宾语从句，掌握了完整的疑问词体系，并深入理解了"疑问词在从句中充当什么成分"这一核心问题。 从"I don't know what he likes."到"I don't understand why he said that."——你不仅知道用什么疑问词，还知道为什么用这个疑问词。 这才是真正的"知识进化"——不是学更多，而是想更深。 课堂练习（15分钟） 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. I wonder __________ he was so angry. A. what B. which C. why D. where → [C] 解析：从句缺原因状语，用why。 1. Can you tell me __________ I can improve my memory? A. what B. which C. who D. how → [D] 解析：从句缺方式状语，用how。 1. The teacher explained __________ light travels faster than sound. A. what B. that C. who D. where → [B] 解析：told后接陈述内容，用that引导。客观真理。 1. —Could you tell me __________? —About 10 minutes' walk. A. how far the museum is B. how far is the museum C. how long the museum is D. how long is the museum → [A] 解析：根据答语"About 10 minutes' walk"可知询问距离，用how far。宾语从句用陈述句语序。 1. I don't remember __________ I put my keys. A. what B. which C. who D. where → [D] 解析：从句缺地点状语，用where。 二、用适当的疑问词填空（每空1分，共10分） 1. I wonder __________ she is so good at English. (原因) 1. Can you tell me __________ I can get to the station? (方式) 1. He explained __________ he was late for the meeting. (原因) 1. I don't know __________ many books I should buy. (数量) 1. She asked me __________ long I had waited. (时长) 1. Nobody knows __________ will be the next class monitor. (人，作主语) 1. I can't decide __________ dress to wear to the party. (选择+名词) 1. Do you remember __________ we first met? (地点) 1. I wonder __________ he solved the problem so quickly. (方式) 1. I don't understand __________ she said. (物，作宾语) 三、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. "Why did you leave early?" She asked me. → She asked me why I left early. 1. "How can I improve my memory?" I want to know. → I want to know how I can improve my memory. 1. "Where did you buy this book?" He asked me. → He asked me where I bought this book. 1. "What time does the train leave?" Could you tell me? → Could you tell me what time the train leaves? 1. "How long have you lived here?" She asked me. → She asked me how long I had lived here. 四、阅读理解（共5分） 教师朗读稿： Li Hua used to have a poor memory. He often forgot where he put his things and what his teacher said in class. He wondered how he could improve his memory. Then he found some useful methods. First, he started to take notes in class. He wrote down what the teacher said. This helped him remember the key points. Second, he reviewed his notes every evening. He found that the more he reviewed, the better he remembered. Third, he changed his lifestyle. He went to bed before 10 p.m. and ate healthy food. He also did exercise every day. After three months, Li Hua's memory improved a lot. He could remember what he learned in class. He no longer forgot where he put his things. 1. What problem did Li Hua use to have?（1分） → He used to have a poor memory. 1. What did Li Hua do first to improve his memory?（1分） → He started to take notes in class. 1. How did Li Hua change his lifestyle?（列举两个）（1分） → He went to bed before 10 p.m. and ate healthy food. 1. 找出短文中含有疑问词引导的宾语从句的句子，写出任意2句。（2分） → ① He often forgot where he put his things. → ② He wondered how he could improve his memory. → ③ He wrote down what the teacher said. 练习讲解（5分钟） 备课批注： 重点讲解第1题（why引导）、第4题（how far与how long的辨析+陈述语序）。答题技巧总结：疑问词选择看从句缺什么成分；how + adj./adv.结构在从句中保留，语序改为陈述句。 课堂小结（5分钟） 全单元知识体系构建 Unit 4 Our Memory 完整知识地图 语法核心：疑问词引导的宾语从句 1. what引导——"什么"，充当主语/宾语 1. which引导——"哪一个"，常+名词，有选择范围 1. who引导——"谁"，充当主语/宾语 1. where引导——"哪里"，充当地点状语 1. when引导——"什么时候"，充当时间状语 1. why引导——"为什么"，充当原因状语 1. how引导——"如何"，充当方式状语 核心规则： 陈述语序；助动词do/does/did去掉；时态一致（主过从过，真理永现） 词汇主题： memory / recall / memorize / forget / remember / keep in mind / review 阅读技能： 主旨大意定位——首尾段法/高频词法/转折强调法 写作技能： Write about memory improvement——三段式（引出→方法→总结） 课后巩固作业（30分钟） 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. I wonder __________ he was late for the meeting this morning. A. what B. which C. why D. where → [C] 解析：从句缺原因状语，用why。 1. Could you tell me __________ I can get to the nearest hospital? A. what B. which C. who D. how → [D] 解析：从句缺方式状语，用how。 1. The teacher explained __________ the moon goes around the earth. A. what B. that C. who D. where → [B] 解析：explained后接陈述内容，用that引导。 1. —Could you tell me __________? —About 20 minutes by bus. A. how far the museum is B. how far is the museum C. how long the museum is D. how long is the museum → [A] 解析：根据答语可知询问距离，用how far。宾语从句用陈述句语序。 1. I don't remember __________ I left my umbrella. A. what B. which C. where D. who → [C] 解析：从句缺地点状语，用where。 二、用适当的疑问词填空（每空1分，共10分） 1. I wonder __________ she is crying. (原因) 1. Can you tell me __________ I can open this door? (方式) 1. He explained __________ he missed the train. (原因) 1. I don't know __________ many people will come. (数量) 1. She asked me __________ long the film lasted. (时长) 1. Nobody knows __________ will be the winner. (人，作主语) 1. I can't remember __________ color you like best. (选择+名词) 1. Do you know __________ the nearest bank is? (地点) 1. I wonder __________ he finished the work so fast. (方式) 1. I don't understand __________ she said. (物，作宾语) 三、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. "Why did you cry?" She asked me. → She asked me why I cried. 1. "How can I remember new words?" I want to know. → I want to know how I can remember new words. 1. "Where did you find this wallet?" He asked me. → He asked me where I found this wallet. 1. "What time does the shop open?" Could you tell me? → Could you tell me what time the shop opens? 1. "How far is the airport?" Can you tell me? → Can you tell me how far the airport is? 四、完形填空（每题2分，共10分） Do you know 1 we can improve our memory? Scientists have found some effective ways. First, it is important to understand 2 memory works. There are two kinds: short-term and long-term. To move information into long-term memory, we need to review it. Second, pay attention 3 you learn. Taking notes helps you remember key points. You can also discuss with others or teach others 4 you have learned. Last but not least, stay healthy. Bad sleep makes it harder for new information to enter your long-term memory. A healthy body 5 both your memory and your mind. 1. A. what B. how C. who D. where → [B] 解析：从句缺方式状语，用how。 1. A. what B. how C. who D. where → [B] 解析：从句缺方式状语，用how。 1. A. what B. when C. who D. where → [B] 解析：when引导时间状语从句。 1. A. what B. how C. who D. where → [A] 解析：what在从句中充当learned的宾语。 1. A. boost B. boosts C. boosting D. boosted → [B] 解析：主语A healthy body为单数，谓语用boosts。 五、书面表达（10分） 题目： Write a short passage about how to improve memory. 要求： 介绍提升记忆力的方法（至少2种），使用至少2个疑问词引导的宾语从句，使用至少3个本单元记忆主题词汇，词数80词左右。 参考范文： Do you know how we can improve our memory? Here are some effective ways. First, it is important to understand how memory works. We have short-term and long-term memory. To remember things for a long time, we need to review them regularly. Second, I believe that a healthy lifestyle is important. Good sleep and healthy food help our brain work better. I wonder if you have tried taking notes in class. It is a simple but effective method. I hope that these methods can help you improve your memory. 范文解析： 宾语从句：Do you know how...? / understand how... / I wonder if... / I hope that... 词汇亮点：short-term memory, long-term memory, review, effective method 🏆 进化终点检测（5分钟） 终极挑战：你来当命题人！ 你已经学完了本单元全部内容，掌握了疑问词引导的宾语从句的七类引导词。 情境素材： 你的朋友李明最近总是忘记事情，他想知道如何提高记忆力。 你的任务： 1. 用what引导的宾语从句编一道题 1. 用where/when引导的宾语从句编一道题 1. 用why/how引导的宾语从句编一道题 1. 写出每道题的完整答案解析 教师示范： 题1（what引导）：I don't remember __________ I should buy at the supermarket. A. what B. where C. when D. how 答案：A 解析：从句缺宾语，用what充当buy的宾语。 题2（where引导）：He forgot __________ he put his keys. A. what B. where C. why D. how 答案：B 解析：从句缺地点状语，用where。 题3（how引导）：Can you tell me __________ I can improve my memory? A. what B. which C. how D. who 答案：C 解析：从句缺方式状语，用how。 六、回环挑战题（4道，每题5分，共20分） 回环挑战1： 判断下列句子中宾语从句的引导词是否正确。如果不正确，请改正，并说明理由。 (1) I don't know where is the library. (2) She asked me that I liked the movie. (3) Can you tell me what time the train leaves? (4) I wonder why did he leave early. 回环挑战2： 根据中文提示完成句子，注意引导词和语序。 (1) 我不知道他为什么没来参加聚会。 I don't know __________ he __________ to the party. (2) 你能告诉我图书馆在哪里吗？ Could you tell me __________ the library __________? (3) 我想知道他是否完成了作业。 I wonder __________ he __________ his homework. 回环挑战3： 综合运用。阅读下面短文，完成三道小题。 Last week, our teacher asked us (1) _____ we had learned about memory. Tom said (2) _____ he had read a book about memory techniques. He explained (3) _____ reviewing every day could help us remember better. Then he asked (4) _____ we had tried any of these methods. ① 在空白处填入适当的引导词。 ② 第(2)句中的引导词能否省略？为什么？ ③ 写出短文中属于"疑问词引导"的宾语从句。 回环挑战4（本单元内部融合）： 阅读下面的句子，按要求完成题目。 (1) I don't know __________ he likes. （从句缺宾语） (2) I don't know __________ he lives. （从句缺地点状语） (3) I don't know __________ he was late. （从句缺原因状语） (4) I don't know __________ book he wants, this one or that one. （有选择范围） ① 在空白处填入适当的疑问词。 ② 分别说明每个疑问词在从句中充当什么成分。 ③ 第(2)句能否改为"I don't know where does he live"？为什么？ 参考答案： 回环挑战1： (1) 不正确。应改为where the library is。理由：宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。 (2) 不正确。应将that改为if/whether。理由：ask后表示"是否"。 (3) 正确。理由：what time引导，语序为陈述句。 (4) 不正确。应改为why he left。理由：去掉助动词did，语序改为陈述句。 回环挑战2： (1) I don't know why he didn't come to the party. (2) Could you tell me where the library is? (3) I wonder if/whether he has finished his homework. 回环挑战3： ① (1) what (2) that (3) how (4) if/whether ② that可以省略。理由：that无实际含义，只起连接作用。 ③ 第(1)句"what we had learned about memory"。 回环挑战4： ① (1) what (2) where (3) why (4) which ② (1) what充当likes的宾语。(2) where充当lives的地点状语。(3) why充当was late的原因状语。(4) which充当wants的定语，修饰book。 ③ 不能。理由：宾语从句必须用陈述句语序，应为"where he lives"而非"where does he live"。 —— 第1讲 + 第2讲 完 —— 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第2讲 How Can We Improve Our Memory（如何提升记忆力） 课时：120分钟 | 课型：深度辨析 + 写作输出 课前测 填入适当的疑问词（what / which / who / where / when），并翻译句子。 1. I don't know __________ she likes. 翻译：_________________________________________________________ 1. Can you tell me __________ book is yours, this one or that one? 翻译：_________________________________________________________ 1. Do you remember __________ gave you this gift? 翻译：_________________________________________________________ 1. He forgot __________ he parked his car. 翻译：_________________________________________________________ 1. I wonder __________ the meeting will start. 翻译：_________________________________________________________ 课堂授课 模块一 核心语法：疑问词引导的宾语从句（下）+ 综合进阶 1.1 第三组：why / how 引导（原因/方式） （6）why引导——"为什么"（原因状语） 结构公式： 主句 + __________ + 陈述句（从句） why在从句中充当__________状语 询问或描述原因 【成分说明】 why在从句中充当__________。判断方法：如果从句结构完整（不缺主语、宾语、地点、时间），但缺少"原因"的信息，就用why。 I don't know why he left.（why作left的__________，说明"为什么"离开） 比较：I don't know where he left.（where作left的__________） 【例4-12 基础建构】合并句子，用why引导的宾语从句。 (1) Why is it easy to forget a word? Could you tell me? → _________________________________________________________ (2) Why did she look worried? He didn't understand. → _________________________________________________________ （7）how引导——"如何/怎样"（方式状语） 结构公式： 主句 + __________ + 陈述句（从句） how在从句中充当__________状语 询问或描述方式、方法 【成分说明】 how在从句中充当__________。判断方法：如果从句结构完整（不缺主语、宾语、地点、时间、原因），但缺少"方式/方法"的信息，就用how。 I don't know how he did it.（how作did的__________，说明"如何"做） 比较：I don't know why he did it.（why作did的__________） 特别注意： how可以与形容词/副词连用，形成how + adj./adv.的结构，如how old, how long, how far, how many等。 【例4-13 基础建构】合并句子，用how引导的宾语从句。 (1) How does memory work? Do you know? → _________________________________________________________ (2) How can we improve our memory? The teacher showed us. → _________________________________________________________ (3) How old is your grandmother? I want to know. → _________________________________________________________ 1.2 疑问词在从句中的成分分析（核心进阶） 疑问词 在从句中的成分 例句 成分分析 what __________ I know what he likes. what作likes的宾语 which(+n.) __________ I know which book you want. which book作want的宾语 who __________ I know who he is. who作is的表语 where __________ I know where he lives. where修饰lives when __________ I know when he comes. when修饰comes why __________ I know why he is late. why修饰is late how __________ I know how he does it. how修饰does 【例4-14 成分分析】指出下列各句中疑问词在从句中充当的成分。 (1) I don't know what she wants. → _________________________________________________________ (2) Can you tell me where the station is? → _________________________________________________________ (3) He asked who broke the window. → _________________________________________________________ (4) I wonder why she left early. → _________________________________________________________ 1.3 宾语从句时态综合 规则 说明 示例 主现从自 主句__________，从句时态根据实际情况自由变化 I wonder why he was late yesterday. 主过从过 主句__________，从句改为相应的过去时态 He asked where I lived. 真理永现 __________永远用一般现在时 The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. 【例4-15 时态综合】用所给词的正确形式填空。 (1) She asked me where I __________ (live). (2) I don't know what he __________ (say) yesterday. (3) He wondered why she __________ (cry) at that moment. (4) Can you tell me how I __________ (can) get to the airport? (5) The scientist explained why light __________ (travel) faster than sound. 1.4 易错点深度辨析 易错点1：what与which的混淆（高频） 口诀："__________后有范围，__________前无界限；__________常把名词跟，__________独自把事担。" 易错点2：语序错误（最高频） ✗ I don't know __________. ✓ I don't know __________. 易错点3：why引导中助动词的去留 ✗ I wonder why __________. ✓ I wonder why __________. 易错点4：who作主语与作宾语的区别 作主语：I know who __________.（who + 动词） 作宾语：I know who __________.（who + 主语 + 动词） 【例4-16 我是小老师】下列句子都有错误，请找出并改正。 (1) I don't know where is the post office. 改正：_________________________________________________________ (2) Can you tell me what does he want? 改正：_________________________________________________________ (3) I wonder why did she cry. 改正：_________________________________________________________ (4) She asked me that I liked the movie. 改正：_________________________________________________________ (5) Do you know who is he? 改正：_________________________________________________________ 模块二 阅读技能：主旨大意与细节理解 2.1 阅读策略：主旨大意定位法 三大定位技巧： 技巧 说明 信号词 __________法 文章首段引出主题，末段总结观点 无特定信号词 __________法 反复出现的词/短语即为主题 同一话题词汇重复出现 __________法 转折词后的内容常为重点 but, however, yet, although 2.2 实战阅读 教师朗读稿： How can we improve our memory? Scientists have found some effective ways. To start with, it is important to understand how memory works. There are two main kinds of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory helps you remember things for a short time, like a phone number. Long-term memory is the ability to remember things for days, years, or even a lifetime. By using some clever memory techniques, you can see great results. First, pay attention when you learn. Taking notes and writing down key points can help you remember better. Second, review what you learn. The more you review, the more likely you will remember it. Last but not least, boost your memory by staying healthy. Bad sleep makes it harder for new information to enter your long-term memory. Your brain needs food like an engine needs fuel. A healthy and active body boosts both your memory and your mind. 【阅读任务】 (1) What are the two main kinds of memory?（1分） (2) What does short-term memory help you do?（1分） (3) According to the passage, what are some ways to improve memory?（至少列举2个）（2分） (4) Why is it important to stay healthy for memory?（2分） (5) 找出文中含疑问词引导的宾语从句的句子（至少2句）。（2分） ① _________________________________________________________ ② _________________________________________________________ (6) 用一句话概括本文主旨。（2分） 模块三 写作：Write about Memory Improvement 3.1 写作框架 Paragraph 1： 开头（引出话题） Paragraph 2： 主体（方法+理由） Paragraph 3： 结尾（总结与鼓励） 3.2 写作示范 Do you know how we can improve our memory? Scientists have found some effective ways. First, it is important to understand how memory works. There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. To move information into long-term memory, we need to review it regularly. Second, I wonder if you have tried taking notes and writing down key points. This helps you remember better. Last but not least, a healthy lifestyle boosts your memory. Your brain needs good sleep and healthy food like an engine needs fuel. I believe that if you try these methods, you will see great results. Remember: use it or lose it! 范文解析： 宾语从句：Do you know how...? / understand how... / I wonder if... / I believe that... 词汇亮点：short-term memory, long-term memory, boost, use it or lose it 3.3 写作实战 写作提示： 1. 介绍提升记忆力的方法（至少2种） 1. 使用至少2个疑问词引导的宾语从句 1. 使用至少3个本单元记忆主题词汇 1. 词数：80词左右 你的作文： 模块四 综合语法与考点整合 4.1 本单元疑问词引导的宾语从句完整知识树 疑问词 含义 在从句中的成分 示例 what __________ 主语/宾语/表语 I know what he likes. which(+n.) __________ 定语/宾语 I know which book you want. who __________ 主语/宾语/表语 I know who he is. where __________ 地点状语 I know where he lives. when __________ 时间状语 I know when he comes. why __________ 原因状语 I know why he is late. how __________ 方式状语 I know how he does it. 三步判断口诀： "一看含义二看成份，三查语序是否顺； 指物用__________人选__________，地点__________时__________； 原因__________来方式__________，__________后面范围有； 陈述语序不能忘，助动词__________要去光。" 4.2 本单元与Unit 3的宾语从句对比 对比维度 Unit 3（that/if/whether） Unit 4（疑问词引导） 原句类型 陈述句/一般疑问句 __________ 连接词 that（可省略）/ if/whether __________ 连接词功能 只连接，不充当成分 __________ 语序 陈述句语序 陈述句语序 时态一致 适用 适用 认知跃迁提醒 第1讲你学会了疑问词引导的宾语从句的前五组引导词——what/which/who/where/when。你还学会了陈述语序铁律和成分分析。 第2讲，你学会了why和how引导的宾语从句，掌握了完整的疑问词体系，并深入理解了"疑问词在从句中充当什么成分"这一核心问题。 从"I don't know what he likes."到"I don't understand why he said that."——你不仅知道用什么疑问词，还知道为什么用这个疑问词。 这才是真正的"知识进化"——不是学更多，而是想更深。 课堂练习 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. I wonder __________ he was so angry. A. what B. which C. why D. where 1. Can you tell me __________ I can improve my memory? A. what B. which C. who D. how 1. The teacher explained __________ light travels faster than sound. A. what B. that C. who D. where 1. —Could you tell me __________? —About 10 minutes' walk. A. how far the museum is B. how far is the museum C. how long the museum is D. how long is the museum 1. I don't remember __________ I put my keys. A. what B. which C. who D. where 二、用适当的疑问词填空（每空1分，共10分） 1. I wonder __________ she is so good at English. (原因) 1. Can you tell me __________ I can get to the station? (方式) 1. He explained __________ he was late for the meeting. (原因) 1. I don't know __________ many books I should buy. (数量) 1. She asked me __________ long I had waited. (时长) 1. Nobody knows __________ will be the next class monitor. (人，作主语) 1. I can't decide __________ dress to wear to the party. (选择+名词) 1. Do you remember __________ we first met? (地点) 1. I wonder __________ he solved the problem so quickly. (方式) 1. I don't understand __________ she said. (物，作宾语) 三、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. "Why did you leave early?" She asked me. → _________________________________________________________ 1. "How can I improve my memory?" I want to know. → _________________________________________________________ 1. "Where did you buy this book?" He asked me. → _________________________________________________________ 1. "What time does the train leave?" Could you tell me? → _________________________________________________________ 1. "How long have you lived here?" She asked me. → _________________________________________________________ 四、阅读理解（共5分） 教师朗读稿： Li Hua used to have a poor memory. He often forgot where he put his things and what his teacher said in class. He wondered how he could improve his memory. Then he found some useful methods. First, he started to take notes in class. He wrote down what the teacher said. This helped him remember the key points. Second, he reviewed his notes every evening. He found that the more he reviewed, the better he remembered. Third, he changed his lifestyle. He went to bed before 10 p.m. and ate healthy food. He also did exercise every day. After three months, Li Hua's memory improved a lot. He could remember what he learned in class. He no longer forgot where he put his things. 1. What problem did Li Hua use to have?（1分） 1. What did Li Hua do first to improve his memory?（1分） 1. How did Li Hua change his lifestyle?（列举两个）（1分） 1. 找出短文中含有疑问词引导的宾语从句的句子，写出任意2句。（2分） ① _________________________________________________________ ② _________________________________________________________ 课堂小结：全单元知识体系 Unit 4 Our Memory 完整知识地图 语法核心：疑问词引导的宾语从句 1. __________引导——"什么"，充当主语/宾语 1. __________引导——"哪一个"，常+名词，有选择范围 1. __________引导——"谁"，充当主语/宾语 1. __________引导——"哪里"，充当地点状语 1. __________引导——"什么时候"，充当时间状语 1. __________引导——"为什么"，充当原因状语 1. __________引导——"如何"，充当方式状语 核心规则： 陈述语序；助动词do/does/did去掉；时态一致（主过从过，真理永现） 词汇主题： memory / recall / memorize / forget / remember / keep in mind / review 阅读技能： 主旨大意定位——首尾段法/高频词法/转折强调法 写作技能： Write about memory improvement——三段式（引出→方法→总结） 课后巩固作业 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. I wonder __________ he was late for the meeting this morning. A. what B. which C. why D. where 1. Could you tell me __________ I can get to the nearest hospital? A. what B. which C. who D. how 1. The teacher explained __________ the moon goes around the earth. A. what B. that C. who D. where 1. —Could you tell me __________? —About 20 minutes by bus. A. how far the museum is B. how far is the museum C. how long the museum is D. how long is the museum 1. I don't remember __________ I left my umbrella. A. what B. which C. where D. who 二、用适当的疑问词填空（每空1分，共10分） 1. I wonder __________ she is crying. (原因) 1. Can you tell me __________ I can open this door? (方式) 1. He explained __________ he missed the train. (原因) 1. I don't know __________ many people will come. (数量) 1. She asked me __________ long the film lasted. (时长) 1. Nobody knows __________ will be the winner. (人，作主语) 1. I can't remember __________ color you like best. (选择+名词) 1. Do you know __________ the nearest bank is? (地点) 1. I wonder __________ he finished the work so fast. (方式) 1. I don't understand __________ she said. (物，作宾语) 三、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. "Why did you cry?" She asked me. → _________________________________________________________ 1. "How can I remember new words?" I want to know. → _________________________________________________________ 1. "Where did you find this wallet?" He asked me. → _________________________________________________________ 1. "What time does the shop open?" Could you tell me? → _________________________________________________________ 1. "How far is the airport?" Can you tell me? → _________________________________________________________ 四、完形填空（每题2分，共10分） Do you know 1 we can improve our memory? Scientists have found some effective ways. First, it is important to understand 2 memory works. There are two kinds: short-term and long-term. To move information into long-term memory, we need to review it. Second, pay attention 3 you learn. Taking notes helps you remember key points. You can also discuss with others or teach others 4 you have learned. Last but not least, stay healthy. Bad sleep makes it harder for new information to enter your long-term memory. A healthy body 5 both your memory and your mind. 1. A. what B. how C. who D. where 1. A. what B. how C. who D. where 1. A. what B. when C. who D. where 1. A. what B. how C. who D. where 1. A. boost B. boosts C. boosting D. boosted 五、书面表达（10分） 题目： Write a short passage about how to improve memory. 要求： 1. 介绍提升记忆力的方法（至少2种） 1. 使用至少2个疑问词引导的宾语从句 1. 使用至少3个本单元记忆主题词汇 1. 词数：80词左右 参考范文： Do you know how we can improve our memory? Here are some effective ways. First, it is important to understand how memory works. We have short-term and long-term memory. To remember things for a long time, we need to review them regularly. Second, I believe that a healthy lifestyle is important. Good sleep and healthy food help our brain work better. I wonder if you have tried taking notes in class. It is a simple but effective method. I hope that these methods can help you improve your memory. 你的作文： 🏆 进化终点检测 终极挑战：你来当命题人！ 你已经学完了本单元全部内容，掌握了疑问词引导的宾语从句的七类引导词。 情境素材： 你的朋友李明最近总是忘记事情，他想知道如何提高记忆力。 你的任务： 1. 用what引导的宾语从句编一道题 1. 用where/when引导的宾语从句编一道题 1. 用why/how引导的宾语从句编一道题 1. 写出每道题的完整答案解析 你的命题： 题1（what引导）：_________________________________________________________ 题2（where/when引导）：____________________________________________________ 题3（why/how引导）：_____________________________________________________ 解析：_________________________________________________________ 六、回环挑战题（4道，每题5分，共20分） 回环挑战1： 判断下列句子中宾语从句的引导词是否正确。如果不正确，请改正，并说明理由。 (1) I don't know where is the library. 判断：__________ 改正（如需）：__________ 理由：____________________ (2) She asked me that I liked the movie. 判断：__________ 改正（如需）：__________ 理由：____________________ (3) Can you tell me what time the train leaves? 判断：__________ 改正（如需）：__________ 理由：____________________ (4) I wonder why did he leave early. 判断：__________ 改正（如需）：__________ 理由：____________________ 回环挑战2： 根据中文提示完成句子，注意引导词和语序。 (1) 我不知道他为什么没来参加聚会。 I don't know __________ he __________ to the party. (2) 你能告诉我图书馆在哪里吗？ Could you tell me __________ the library __________? (3) 我想知道他是否完成了作业。 I wonder __________ he __________ his homework. 回环挑战3： 综合运用。阅读下面短文，完成三道小题。 Last week, our teacher asked us (1) _____ we had learned about memory. Tom said (2) _____ he had read a book about memory techniques. He explained (3) _____ reviewing every day could help us remember better. Then he asked (4) _____ we had tried any of these methods. ① 在空白处填入适当的引导词。 (1) __________ (2) __________ (3) __________ (4) __________ ② 第(2)句中的引导词能否省略？为什么？ ③ 写出短文中属于"疑问词引导"的宾语从句。 回环挑战4（本单元内部融合）： 阅读下面的句子，按要求完成题目。 (1) I don't know __________ he likes. （从句缺宾语） (2) I don't know __________ he lives. （从句缺地点状语） (3) I don't know __________ he was late. （从句缺原因状语） (4) I don't know __________ book he wants, this one or that one. （有选择范围） ① 在空白处填入适当的疑问词。 (1) __________ (2) __________ (3) __________ (4) __________ ② 分别说明每个疑问词在从句中充当什么成分。 (1) _________________________________________________________ (2) _________________________________________________________ (3) _________________________________________________________ (4) _________________________________________________________ ③ 第(2)句能否改为"I don't know where does he live"？为什么？ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $