专题16 阅读理解 说明文（3年汇编）（全国通用）2024-2026年中考英语真题分类汇编

**基本信息** 聚焦初中英语中考说明文阅读理解，覆盖7大核心考点，整合2024-2026年全国多省市中考真题，素材涵盖科技（如纳米地球化学、BDS）、文化（如中医四诊、传统艺术）、自然生态（如珊瑚礁保护、沙漠治理）等主题，注重语言能力与思维品质的综合考查。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|每篇3-5题|细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断等7大考点|情境具时代性（如AI应用、环保技术）；问题呈梯度（基础信息定位到深层推理）；素材融合文化意识（如中外传统节日对比）与跨学科知识（如3D打印建筑）|

专题16 阅读理解 说明文 考点分类 三年考情（2024-2026） 命题规律 考点 01 细节理解题 2026：江苏扬州、山东泰安、云南、黑龙江绥化、陕西等全国各省市中考卷2025：四川攀枝花等全国各省市中考卷2024：全国各省市中考卷 1. 命题素材：完全贴合说明文核心说明对象，覆盖事物的特征、功能、原理、操作步骤、发展历程、数据信息、事实细节等，素材类型贴合说明文主题（科技科普、自然生态、文化传统、社会生活、学习方法等）；2. 核心考查内容：①原文直接信息定位：可直接在原文找到原句匹配答案，核对说明对象的核心细节；②细节信息转换：原文与选项进行同义替换、句式转换，考查对说明内容的精准理解；③信息筛选与判断：根据题干要求，筛选符合条件的说明信息，判断细节正误；④流程 / 步骤梳理：梳理说明对象的操作流程、发展步骤、实验过程等细节。 考点 02 主旨大意 / 标题归纳题 2026：江苏扬州、山东泰安、云南、黑龙江绥化、陕西等2025：四川攀枝花等2024：全国各省市中考卷 1. 命题素材：覆盖全文核心说明对象、文章核心介绍内容、作者的写作核心目的，素材以科技科普、文化介绍、环保说明、生活指南类说明文为主；2. 核心考查内容：①全文主旨归纳：梳理文章核心说明内容，提炼文章围绕说明对象展开的核心介绍方向；②最佳标题选择：标题需精准覆盖全文核心说明对象与核心内容，避免范围过大 / 过小 / 偏离说明主题；③写作目的推断：判断作者写文章的核心意图（科普知识、介绍事物、解释现象、说明方法、呼吁行动等）。 考点 03 推理判断题 2026：江苏扬州、山东泰安、云南、陕西等2025：四川攀枝花等2024：全国各省市中考卷 1. 命题素材：覆盖说明对象的隐含特征、文章的后续发展、作者的隐含观点、说明内容的延伸应用等，素材以科技科普、自然现象、文化类说明文为主；2. 核心考查内容：①细节推理：基于原文说明的细节信息，推断说明对象的隐含特征、应用场景、发展趋势；②写作目的 / 读者群体推断：判断文章的适用读者群体、作者的写作隐含意图；③文章出处推断：判断文章来源（科学杂志、教科书、报纸、科普网站等）；④内容延伸推断：基于文章说明的原理，推断其在其他场景的应用。 考点 04 词义猜测题 2026：山东泰安、云南、黑龙江绥化等2025：四川攀枝花等2024：全国各省市中考卷 1. 命题素材：划线词汇多为说明文核心说明相关的专业术语、大纲内熟词生义、固定短语 / 搭配，素材贴合说明文语境，覆盖科技、自然、文化、生活等各类主题；2. 核心考查内容：①熟词生义猜测：考查大纲内单词在说明文中的语境引申义、专业释义；②专业术语猜测：通过上下文的定义、举例、解释、因果关系推断说明文核心专业词汇的含义；③短语含义猜测：说明文中固定搭配、动词短语的语境含义；④同义词替换：考查划线单词的同义替换词，核对说明内容的一致性。 考点 05 代词指代 / 词句含义题 2026：江苏扬州、山东泰安、陕西等2025：四川攀枝花等2024：全国各省市中考卷 1. 命题素材：代词多为 it/they/them/that/this 等，指代内容覆盖文中的说明对象、事物、事件、概念、观点等，词句含义题多为文中的长难句、核心定义句、原理解释句；2. 核心考查内容：①代词指代对象定位：精准找到代词所指代的原文说明对象、名词、概念或句子，区分单复数、指代的逻辑范围；②划线句子含义理解：结合上下文语境、说明对象的核心定义，解读长难句、原理解释句的深层含义；③近义句替换：考查划线句子的同义替换表达，核对说明内容的一致性。 考点 06 篇章结构 / 写作意图题 2026：江苏扬州、云南、黑龙江绥化等2025：四川攀枝花等2024：全国各省市中考卷 1. 命题素材：覆盖文章的开篇方式、段落逻辑关系、全文说明结构、作者的写作目的，素材以科普说明文、事物说明文、事理说明文为主；2. 核心考查内容：①篇章结构分析：判断文章的总分、分总、逻辑递进、时间顺序、并列分述等说明结构，区分段落的作用（开篇引入、定义解释、举例说明、数据支撑、总结全文、转折过渡等）；②写作手法判断：识别举例子、列数字、作比较、打比方、下定义等说明方法，及其在文中的作用；③开篇 / 结尾作用分析：判断文章开头的引入方式、结尾的总结 / 升华作用；④写作意图推断：判断作者写文章的核心目的（科普知识、介绍事物、解释现象、说明事理等）。 考点 07 段落大意题 2026：山东泰安、云南、黑龙江绥化等2025：四川攀枝花等2024：全国各省市中考卷 1. 命题素材：覆盖说明文单个段落的核心说明内容，素材贴合段落的说明方向，以分述说明对象的特征、功能、原理、发展阶段的段落为主；2. 核心考查内容：①段落核心主旨概括：精准定位段落的核心说明句，提炼段落围绕说明对象展开的核心介绍内容；②段落作用分析：判断段落对全文说明的作用，是对说明对象的补充、举例、解释还是延伸；③段落信息筛选：根据题干要求，从指定段落中筛选符合条件的说明信息。 考点2026中考真题 （2026年江苏省扬州市中考英语试题）What if things in your home—your toothbrush, books, desks, even you!—suddenly seemed weightless and began to float? This is what astronauts experience in a space station—microgravity (微重力). Even though the space station and the astronauts inside are in space, Earth’s gravity is still pulling on them, though very weak. Let’s explore the astronauts’ life in space. Though there are some challenges, life in space is a super-fun. Eating and sleeping Need to get from one place to another? Just push off a surface and glide there! Nothing stays put. Imagine turning on a tap. Water would go flying everywhere. Astronauts aren’t allowed to eat anything in the space station that creates crumbs (碎屑). Food crumbs can become a disaster if they get into equipment (设备). That’s why astronauts eat specially prepared meals. There’s no “up” or “down” in space, so astronauts sleep in sleeping bags tied to the wall. Their arms will float in front of them while they sleep. Astronauts have to keep their bodies strong. There’s less stress on bones in space, for gravity is weaker. Muscles (肌肉) aren’t used as much. Their bones and muscles grow weaker. Even astronauts’ hearts can weaken. Every astronaut has to exercise for about two hours a day. Most of the exercise equipment is specially designed to imitate the feel of gravity. Work and play Astronauts spend much of their time working. They do a lot of experiments—from space life science to new spacecraft technologies. Sometimes they do spacewalks to make repairs to the outside of the station. When they have free time, astronauts kick back by reading books and looking down at Earth. 1．According to the text, what may cause danger to the space station? A．Water in special bags. B．Very tiny food pieces. C．Specially prepared meals. D．Sleeping bags tied to the wall. 2．Which of the following should go in the empty box? A．Exercising for a strong heart. B．Moving freely. C．Dealing with space loneliness. D．Staying strong. 3．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Strange changes to astronauts’ bodies in space. B．Astronauts’ fun and challenging life in space. C．How astronauts do experiments in space environments. D．Why astronauts inside the space station can’t stay put. （2026年江苏省扬州市中考英语试题）If you want to learn new stories about familiar plants and animals, and discover new species (物种) to plant in your own yard, Nature of Portland, is a must for you. Most of this book is about which plants and animals are natives in Portland (a city in Oregon, USA). Many plants and animals in this book have long made their homes here. In this field guide, filled with local knowledge and humor, LeeAnn Kriegh describes more than 350 plants and animals found within an hour’s ride of Portland, Inside you’ll discover: ● Common and scientific names ● Key details like size, bloom (flowering) time, and months seen ● Local natural history, ecology, stories, and fun facts ● Details on where to find every species ● Beautiful full-color photos of every species Take Western Starflower from the book as an example. Western Starflower (Lysimachia latifolia) Flowers: Late spring to early summer Late spring is a magical time to explore trails in the Portland area, as birds are singing, and colorful blooms are coming out on wildflowers like this one. Western starflower’s pinkish blooms stand out against the backdrop of the plant’s big, broad, deep-green leaves (latifolia translates to “broad-leaved”). A lot of flowers are in the shape of a star, but species like this one win the starflower name because of their thin flower stalks (茎). They make the flowers seem to fly in the air like stars. ID tips: 2-12 inches tall. Look for a whorl of four to seven broadly oval leaves (up to 3.5 inches long) with pointed tips. Up to a few star-shaped pink flowers (up to 0.75 inches wide) bloom on thin flower stalks, each with five to seven pointed petals (花瓣). Locations: Locally common in shady, wet woods, including at Oxbow Regional Park and Powell Butte Nature Park. At the back of the book, you’ll find 10 “treasure hunts” in the Portland area. The species are waiting to be found. Reading about plants and animals is fun, but getting outside to experience and connect with nature is what Nature of Portland is all about. 1．What is Nature of Portland? A．A fun, friendly guide to local plants and animals. B．A photo collection of plants and animals in danger. C．A field guide to the city’s places of interest. D．A book mainly about some famous local landscapes. 2．What does the underlined word “natives” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Animals or plants that live in the sea. B．Animals that kill and eat other animals. C．Animals or plants that live or grow naturally in a place. D．Unusual and exciting plants, especially from other countries. 3．In the table about Western Starflower, what can you get from the Flowers part? A．How tall the flower is. B．How many leaves the flower has. C．Why the flower gets its name. D．Which parks you can visit to see the flower. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To show how to write a book review. B．To tell readers what to expect from the book. C．To give advice on what to grow in your yard. D．To encourage readers to find new local plants. （2026年泰安市初中学业水平考试英语试题） Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a very long history. One important part of it is the four methods doctors use: looking, listening and smelling, asking, and feeling the pulse (脉搏). Looking means doctors look at patients with great care. They check the face colour. If the face is yellowish, it might mean there’s a problem with the spleen (脾). The tongue is also important. They look at the tongue coating, how thick it is and its colour. For example, a thick, white tongue coating may show there’s too much dampness (湿气) in the body. Listening and smelling mean two parts. Doctors listen to patients’ voices. Are they weak or strong? They also listen to coughs to see if it’s a dry cough or a cough with phlegm (痰). And they smell patients’ breath and body smell. A bad-smelling breath might mean there are problems with digestion (消化). Asking means that doctors ask patients lots of questions. They want to know about the symptoms (症状) patients have. They also ask about past illnesses, daily habits like how well they sleep and how often they exercise and what they usually eat. This helps doctors understand the patient’s overall (全面的) health condition. Feeling is a skill. Doctors feel patients’ pulses. A fast pulse can mean the body is too hot or the patient is stressed. They also feel parts of the body, like the stomach, to see if there’s any pain or strange lumps. These four diagnostic (诊断的) ways work together. They help doctors find out what illnesses patients have and make good treatment plans. They are a very important part of Chinese medical culture. They show how smart our ancestors were in understanding and treating the human body. 1．What does the underlined phrase “tongue coating” mean in Chinese? A．鼻腔 B．舌苔 C．印记 D．穴位 2．Why do doctors ask patients about eating and sleeping habits? A．To understand patients’ feelings directly. B．To find out patients’ sleeping trouble. C．To check patients’ past serious illnesses. D．To know patients’ health condition better. 3．What can we know from the passage? A．Strong voices show people are in poor health. B．A fast pulse usually means the patient is relaxed. C．People with digestion problems may have bad-smelling breath. D．Traditional Chinese doctors only use one way to check illnesses. 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The good treatment plans of TCM doctors. B．Different kinds of common human physical illnesses. C．The long history of Traditional Chinese Medicine. D．Four diagnostic ways of Traditional Chinese Medicine. （2026年泰安市初中学业水平考试英语试题） Besides golden yellow, can gold show other colors? Can water reach 0℃ without turning into ice? Yes and yes. Welcome to the world of nanogeochemistry (纳米地球化学). Professor Wan works at an institute in Guizhou. He is a leading scientist in this research field. “Nanogeochemistry is a field that bridges nanotechnology (纳米科技) and geochemistry (地球化学),” said Wan. Nanotechnology looks at things as tiny as one-billionth (十亿分之一) of a meter, while geochemistry studies Earth from a chemical point of view. You might think it seems strange to mix these two fields. But Chinese scientists have thought about it since the 1990s, Wan noted. One reason is that high-technology products, especially computers and smartphone chips (芯片), keep getting smaller but more powerful. “Nanogeochemistry tries to understand how tiny things form (形成) and spread on Earth. Among them, particles (粒子) are one to 100 nanometers in size,” Wan said. That is much smaller than a human hair, which is usually 80,000 to 100,000 nanometers wide. In the nanoworld, things act in strange ways because of quantum effects (量子效应). For example, if gold is made just a few nanometers big, it can shine blue, purple or even red. Another example is water. When water is placed inside nano-sized holes, it can stay liquid (液态的) even under -40 ℃. Nanogeochemistry is important for space research. Wan’s team is studying the effects of high-speed impacts (撞击) on space bodies. This might help explain how certain metal nanoparticles formed on the moon, Mars, and so on. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By using famous sayings. 2．What does Nanogeochemistry try to understand according to Paragraphs 2~3? A．How smartphone chips were invented. B．How tiny things form and spread on Earth. C．How nanotechnology makes human hair healthier. D．How geochemistry helps environmental protection. 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Things in the nanoworld act strangely. B．Nanogeochemistry has no use in space research. C．Gold can only shine blue if it is made just a few nanometers big. D．Chinese scientists started studying nanogeochemistry in the 1980s. 4．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Hopeful but Challenging: the Future of Geochemistry B．Small but Powerful: the Importance of Nanogeochemistry C．Stories behind Science: Achievements of Technology in China D．The Beauty of Nature: Amazing Phenomena (现象) of the Nanoworld （2026年湖北省中考英语试题）In ancient China, letters were sent by pigeons and packages (包裹) by horses. Common people could hardly afford it. In 1896, China opened its very first post office. That was the beginning of China’s own postal service. With a small stamp on the cover, people in big cities could send letters and packages. Bikes, ships and trains carried them across mountains and rivers in the country, even abroad. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the postal service grew rapidly. Post offices were set up all around the country. Their services stretched to even the quietest, farthest villages. That made communication much easier for people in every corner of the country. College students could write to their parents in faraway hometowns. Friends and relatives could send packages on festivals to greet each other. Since the 1990s, a new branch (分支) of postal service, the delivery (快递) industry, has also grown rapidly. Take the year 2025 for example. Every second, over 6,000 packages were on the move. Every day, more than 500 million packages were processed and put into trucks. In the whole year, over 180 billion were sent across the country. And the fastest delivery took only several hours! Now, “speed” is no longer the only key word in this industry. Many delivery services have started to go green. Each year, more than 800 million boxes are reused or recycled. Besides, smart packing models are widely used. There’s no doubt that delivery services are smart in our life and friendly to our environment. From pigeons and horses to delivery trucks, China’s postal history shows how this old great nation has developed and progressed. Looking forward, will China’s postal service fly to the moon and other planets in outer space? 1．What happened in 1896 according to the passage? A．Stamps were invented in China. B．China’s first post office was opened. C．People stopped using pigeons and horses. D．Ships and trains began to carry passengers. 2．What does the underlined phrase “stretched to” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Reported. B．Moved. C．Reached. D．Missed. 3．Which can best describe the delivery services according to paragraphs 3&4? A．Faster Greener Smarter. B．Greener Smarter Cheaper. C．Smarter Faster Safer. D．Safer Cheaper Greener. 4．What can we learn from the last sentence of the passage? A．The writer hopes to live on other planets. B．The writer shows interest in space history. C．The writer wants to check the delivery address. D．The writer has confidence in China’s postal service. 5．How does the writer organize the passage? A．In the order of time. B．In the order of space. C．From opinions to facts. D．From reasons to results. （2026年黑龙江省龙东地区中考英语试题）Have you ever heard of BDS (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System 北斗卫星导航系统)? It’s a kind of navigation satellite system made by China. It has been widely used in different fields in the world. In improving daily lives BDS is helpful in our daily lives. When we get lost or drive in a strange city, BDS provides exact directions. Also, when children wear their smartwatches, their parents can check their position anytime and see if they are safe. In farming The technology of BDS is used on modern farms. Many farmers cut and collect crops with the help of automatic (自动化的) driving systems. Farmers also use BeiDou with their animals. They can sit at home and know exactly where their animals are. ▲ When there is an emergency, BDS helps. It sends short messages and information about the position. This means that help can arrive quickly at the place in need. During an earthquake, mobile phones might not work. But BDS still works. It can send short messages of 1,000 characters at a time and can also send voice and pictures. China built the BeiDou system on its own, but it can serve the whole world. Now, more than 120 countries and areas around the world are using the system. The amazing BeiDou is not only China’s BeiDou, it is also the world’s BeiDou. 根据语篇内容选择最佳答案。 1．Choose the best title to fill in the blank “ ▲ ”. A．In dealing with emergencies B．In sending short messages C．In receiving information 2．In which situation can we use BDS? ①When feeding animals.   ②When looking for animals. ③When driving in a strange city.   ④When checking children’s position. A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ 3．Xiaoming is not at home. His mother finds him at the park by checking her mobile phone. Look at the map, the park is to the  ________  of the house. A．west B．north C．northeast 4．What does the underlined word “characters” mean in Paragraph 4? A．性格 B．字符 C．人物 5．Which is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． （2026年黑龙江省龙东地区中考英语试题）There are many traditional cultures in China. All of them have a very long history. Let’s have a look at some of them. Chinese Folk MusicIt has something to do with Chinese old stories. One of the works, Shijing, has some folk songs from 15 different areas. Pipa, erhu and xiao are traditional Chinese musical instruments. WeiqiWeiqi, called “yi” in Chinese history, is a game between two players. It has a history of about 3,000 years. The game is said to be the beginning of chess games. It was introduced to Korea about 2,000 years ago. Chinese HandwritingIt is a special art of Asian culture. Brush handwriting is popular around the world. Wang Xizhi is famous for his handwriting. He made a great difference to the development of regular script (楷书). Chinese PaintingIt is one of the oldest arts in the world. Most of the Chinese paintings in Chinese history were done on paper. They are mainly about mountains and water, people, flowers and birds. The most famous one is about mountains and water. 根据语篇内容选择最佳答案。 1．How many kinds of traditional Chinese cultures are mentioned? A．2. B．3. C．4. 2．When was Weiqi introduced to Korea? A．About 1,000 years ago. B．About 2,000 years ago. C．About 3,000 years ago. 3．From the material, Chinese handwriting ________. A．is the beginning of all arts B．has a history of 3,000 years C．is a special art of Asian culture 4．What is the most famous Chinese painting about? A．Flowers. B．Birds. C．Mountains and water. 5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the material? A．Chinese folk songs in Shijing came from different areas. B．Wang Xizhi made a great difference to Chinese painting. C．Weiqi has something to do with Chinese old stories. （2026年湖北省武汉市中考英语试题） The ocean covers most of our planet, yet we know very little about it. Our ocean is as mysterious as it is beautiful. In fact, we have better maps of Mars than we do of the ocean floor. Why? Exploring (探索) the ocean is a really hard job. There’s a lot of ocean—about 1.4 billion trillion litres (升). That’s 1,400,000,000,000,000,000,000! ★ . One of their most important goals is to learn about coral reefs (珊瑚礁), which are home to lots of sea plants and animals. Do you know that coral is an animal, not a plant? Tiny animals called polyps (珊瑚虫) build the hard part of the coral as a home to live in. They are called “architects” in the ocean. However, many coral reefs around the world are in danger. That’s where a clever method called “coral gardening” comes in—giving reefs a second chance. Here’s how it works in four steps: First, scientists collect small pieces of coral from coral reefs. Then they break them into even smaller ones—tiny pieces grow faster. After that, they place the pieces in lab-controlled or underwater nurseries (苗圃), where tiny pieces are taken good care of. Finally, once strong enough, they are planted onto rock or man-made reefs so that they can grow on their own. A typical example is the L-shaped Reef. Since 1982, scientists have placed old subway cars into the sea. These strange “homes” have created a huge man-made reef. Now, polyps and fish are moving in! To know more about the ocean, a volunteer, Paul Green started the Big Bag Project in 2025. It calls on beach visitors to help collect information on plastics and water temperature through a bag which is connected with an app. Next time you go to the beach, take a bag, pick up some rubbish, and have a closer connection with the ocean. 1．What does the number in paragraph 1 tell us about the ocean? A．How much salt there is. B．How cold the deep ocean is. C．How large the ocean is. D．How many sea plants there are. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．Some sea animals are making a comeback B．The ocean is full of wonders to be discovered C．But many scientists are taking on this challenge D．So protecting the ocean is everyone’s responsibility 3．What does the underlined word “architects” mean? A．People who build houses. B．Machines that carry things. C．Workers who collect coral. D．Animals that live in the sea. 4．In the picture CORAL GARDENING, what is the third step? A．Breaking. B．Nursing. C．Planting. D．Collecting. 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce the Big Bag Project. B．To show the hidden beauty of the ocean. C．To teach us how to become an ocean biologist. D．To encourage more people to explore the ocean. （2026年云南省中考英语试题）Desertification (荒漠化) is a difficult problem for the whole world. For many years, Chinese scientists have had rich experience in dealing with desertification in Northwest China. Now they are working to help African countries turn their sandy areas into green ones. China has made great progress through hard work, though it is seriously influenced by desertification. Until November 2024, China built a long wall of trees, which caught the world’s attention. It is 3,046 km long! And China has created 32 million hectares (公顷) of new forest. Chinese scientists shared the technologies with Mauritania, an African country. They introduced different kinds of plants from China and used straw checkerboards to stop sand from moving. They developed new ways to save water for farming. Smart technologies such as robots, drones and sand-blocking systems (阻沙系统) driven by solar panels also helped a lot. The China-Africa Green Technology Park was built in Mauritania. In 2024, the park was an empty land swept by wind and sand. Just one year later, there were grasses, fruits and vegetables. Wang Yongdong, a senior engineer from China, said, “The goal of the park is not only to protect the environment but also to help local people.” So far, China has trained 45 skilled workers and created 120 jobs for the local community. The Mauritanian environment minister (部长) described China as a “very important partner”. To help African countries, Chinese scientists have overcome many difficulties. As a key member fighting against desertification in the world, China promises to keep working and make bigger efforts. Wang said, “We are a community with a shared future. We hope our efforts will show this spirit.” 1．What’s the main idea of paragraph 2? A．The ways of planting trees in China. B．The problems of desertification in China. C．The reason why China helps African countries. D．The progress China has made in fighting against desertification. 2．How did Chinese scientists help Mauritania according to paragraph 3? a. By introducing different kinds of plants.   b. By using straw checkerboards. c. By developing a wind power system.   d. By using robots and drones. A．a, b, c B．a, b, d C．b, c, d D．a, c, d 3．Why was the China-Africa Green Technology Park built? A．To train skilled workers for China. B．To build a robot factory for the local community. C．To protect the environment and help local people. D．To teach more local people how to make solar panels. 4．Where is the text probably from? A．A science magazine. B．A health guide. C．An English dictionary. D．A travel diary. 5．What will China probably do for African countries in the future according to paragraph 5? A．Build some schools for them. B．Help them with space development. C．Offer free fruits and vegetables to them. D．Continue to help them fight against desertification. （2026年江苏省扬州市中考英语试题）16 winners from 12 countries were awarded at the 18th Special Book Awards of China held in Beijing in June 2025. Aleksei Rodionov, professor of Chinese studies at Saint Petersburg University, is a winner of the award in translating. This award is the highest national award. It is presented each year to foreign authors, translators, and publishers for their great contributions in promoting Chinese publications and cultural exchanges between China and other countries. “As a sinologist (汉学家) and translator of Chinese literature, this award will encourage me to do more and do better in promoting cultural exchanges between Russia and China,” said the professor. Rodionov said that he feels a special connection with China when he thought about his journey in Chinese literature. “I was born on the Russian-Chinese border. From the moment I was born, I had a connection with China. As someone with a great interest in foreign languages, I naturally chose to learn Chinese. That’s how I started the journey of studying the Chinese language and literature,” he noted. To the professor, translation is, in fact, a very enjoyable task. “Translating Chinese literary (文学的) works is my lifelong calling. It brings me joy and gives my life a deeper sense of purpose,” he said. For decades, Rodionov has long devoted himself to translating and researching Chinese literature, having translated 26 works by Chinese authors such as Lao She. “Literary works are an important gateway to understanding Chinese culture and the Chinese people. They are important bridges that connect our hearts and minds. In Russia, authors like Mo Yan and Yu Hua are very popular,” said the professor. 1．What was Aleksei Rodionov awarded for? A．Translating Chinese literature. B．Studying the Chinese language. C．Teaching Russian in China. D．Publishing a book in Chinese. 2．What do we know about the award? A．It is held in Beijing every three years. B．It is the highest national award in Russia. C．It encourages Chinese writers, translators and publishers. D．It praises foreigners’ efforts in spreading Chinese culture. 3．What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．Rodionov’s research into Chinese literature. B．Rodionov’s understanding of translation. C．Rodionov’s experiences of learning Chinese. D．Rodionov’s findings of Russian readers. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Connected by Literature B．Comparing Cultural Differences C．Rodionov’s Learning Journey in China D．Rodionov’s Exchange Program with China （2026年四川省广元市中考英语试题）The possibility of living on Mars is being explored after a study proved the discovery of saltwater lakes below the surface of Mars. Billions of years ago, the climate of Mars was warm and wet and had the possibility for hosting microbial (微生物的) life. Scientists are not 100 percent sure what happened to water on it. One popular general idea is solar (太阳的) wind. According to the idea, the solar wind likely blew away CO2 as well as small drops of water from air on Mars over the past billion years, leaving the planet with only 10 percent of its beginning amount of water today. It is just like when we get our skin wet and there are small drops of water on the surface, the wind will finally dry us off, and the water will be carried away. This is very likely to happen to Mars, causing the surface to become hard and dry. This discovery was made with the help of the European Space Agency’s Mars Express spaceship, which sent out radio waves to the planet’s surface. Scientists decided what material their radio waves met with. The area with the supposed bodies of water had high reflectivity (反射率), which is why scientists believe that water is stored below the surface. With temperatures as low as the average on Mars, water is supposed to be frozen. But scientists think that water on Mars is able to keep a water form because of the high level of the salt—so high that the possibility of active life surviving in such a condition is pretty low. With the salty water and an unsuitable climate, Mars is now not fit to live on. But scientists are still trying to learn more about the life forms that once possibly lived on the planet. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to (指代) in paragraph 2? A．Earth. B．Solar surface. C．Mars. D．Microbial life. 2．Why is the human’s skin mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To explain the great influence of solar wind. B．To provide further information about Mars. C．To stress the importance of water on Mars. D．To suggest keeping skin from getting dry. 3．How did the researchers prove there is water on Mars? A．By sending out the spaceship to Mars. B．By measuring the amount of salt on Mars. C．By checking the materials collected from Mars. D．By noticing the number of reflected radio waves. 4．What do scientists think of the future living on Mars? A．Comfortable. B．Hopeful. C．Disappointed. D．Uncaring. 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．The Exploration of Energy on Mars B．The Situation of Living Things on Mars C．The Explanation of The Climate on Mars D．The Discovery of Saltwater Lakes on Mars （2026年黑龙江省绥化市中考英语试题）根据短文内容，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。请在答题卡上用2B铅笔将你的选项所对应的方框涂黑 Sugar is a sweet thing that is used to cook food and can make drinks sweet. And it is loved by most people. But not all sugar is healthy to us. Naturally produced sugar, for example in fruit, is considered healthy. However, refined (精制的) sugar is not healthy and is added to many processed (加工过的) foods to make them taste better. To people’s surprise, this refined sugar can be found in many delicious foods like bread. Besides that, refined sugar has no value to our health and offers empty calories (卡路里). It also has no fiber (纤维素), unlike the natural sugar in fruit, so it is easy to eat a lot. Too many calories lead to putting on more weight. Too much sugar will also harm our teeth and we even get some diseases in our later life. So what can we do about too much sugar, especially the hidden sugar in our diet? It seems that we can get some help from the government. It should regulate (控制) the amount of sugar that companies can add to foods. Next, schools should tell students about the health problems of eating too much sugar. What’s more, it is necessary for students to eat more vegetables and fruit with less sugar. Although sugar is delicious, it still puts our future health at risk. It is important for young people to know about the danger of eating too much sugar. 1．Why is refined sugar added to many foods? A．To make the foods fresher. B．To make the foods healthier. C．To make the foods more delicious. 2．How is fruit sugar different from refined sugar? A．It has fiber. B．It is processed. C．It’s easy to eat a lot. 3．According to the passage, which of the followings probably has refined sugar? A．Bread & cakes. B．Carrots & onions. C．Bananas & apples. 4．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A．Examples of healthy eating. B．Ways to control sugar in our diet. C．Reasons for adding sugar to many foods. 5．What is important for young people according to the passage? A．Eating no sugar. B．Eating more sugar. C．Eating proper sugar. （2026年天津市中考英语试题）Scientists are creating robots that can be used in many different areas of life. Recently a new kind of robot which looks like a penguin has been developed. The penguin robot helps scientists get closer to emperor penguins (帝企鹅) to know more about their behaviour (行为). Emperor penguins are famous as shy animals. They usually feel nervous and run away when scientists go towards them. This will cause problems to their hearts. To solve it, a team of scientists created a remote control vehicle (遥控车). This vehicle allowed the scientists to study the penguins from over 200 metres away. It could move up to the penguins slowly and quietly without making them run away. It was also used to help make the documentary (纪录片) March of the Penguins. The scientists still wanted to watch emperor penguins much closer. After trying many times, they developed their latest robot which was like a little grey penguin. It had four black wheels, two black arms and a black-and-white painted face. The wheels were prepared for the robot to walk on the thick snow easily. This new robot didn’t scare (惊吓) the penguins. They even sang songs to welcome the robot and listened for a response. But the penguins were very unhappy when there was no answer. The scientists didn’t programme (编写程序) the penguin robot to make a sound. Next time they will have the robot sing songs. Thanks to the robots, scientists could do much more research on emperor penguins. 1．Why was the penguin robot developed? A．To know about scientists’ heart problems. B．To help scientists walk on the thick snow. C．To learn about emperor penguins’ behaviour. D．To help emperor penguins look for more food. 2．How do emperor penguins feel when scientists go towards them? A．Sad. B．Angry. C．Excited. D．Nervous. 3．What does the word “response” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Plan. B．Answer. C．Lesson. D．Reason. 4．What will the penguin robot do next time according to the passage? A．Sing songs. B．Swim in the sea. C．Take photos. D．Dance on the snow. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．Penguins in the film. B．Penguins in the zoo. C．Robots for daily housework. D．Robots for studying penguins. （2026年四川省凉山彝族自治州中考英语试题）Do you like reading? What’s your favorite book? To share our favorite good books, our class has held a wonderful book-sharing activity recently. Many students are interested in classics. They think classics can give them a good understanding of cultures. Now let’s read some of their reports. PeterThree Hundred Tang Poems This book brings together the finest poems from the Tang Dynasty. It’s a shining example of the Chinese language. Many of the poems interest me a lot, especially some poems that bring out a deep feeling of homesickness. EmmaThe Art of War The book tells that wars should be avoided in the beginning. If a war cannot be avoided, people should fight wisely to reduce harm and waste. For me, the book is also a guide to life that tells me how to deal with my own feelings and thoughts. RoseThe Old Man and the Sea The main character is an old fisherman who hasn’t caught anything for months. One day, he catches a huge fish, and he has to fight for days to kill it. Unluckily, sharks eat the fish on his way home, leaving nothing but bones. It’s a fantastic book and it teaches us not to give up. As Hemingway said, “Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.” LucaOliver Twist It’s a classic social novel by my favorite writer, Charles Dickens. It talks about how poor people live in London. In the story, Oliver is a boy who is always kind to others, even when things are hard. But he’s later forced to steal things. In the end, the bad people are punished, and Oliver has a better life. I love the story, and I’ve already read it twice. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By listing some facts. B．By asking questions. C．By telling us a story. 2．How many students share their favorite books in the passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. 3．Which book brings together the finest poems from the Tang Dynasty? A．Three Hundred Tang Poems. B．The Art of War. C．The Old Man and the Sea. 4．Which of the statements is True according to the book reports above? A．The Art of War tells that wars shouldn’t be avoided. B．Oliver Twist shows how poor people live in London. C．The Old Man and the Sea is about a lazy fisherman. 5．In which part of a magazine can you read the passage? A．Culture. B．Health. C．Environment. （2026年广西中考英语试题） Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have estimated (估计) that the world may need about 1 billion new homes by 2050. According to a researcher from MIT, if people use wood to make so many homes, more than three times the size of the Amazon rainforest may be cut. The MIT researchers tried to find other materials to take the place of wood to make house parts. And they found recycled plastic could play a role. The MIT team discovered that recycled plastic mixed with bits of glass could be used as a new material to make trusses (桁架)—supports put under floors to make sure that the floors can carry the weight of everything on them. The MIT team wanted to know how much weight the trusses could carry. In a test, they 3D printed four trusses with the new material. Each truss weighed only about 6 kg—lighter than a comparable wooden truss. The team put the four trusses under a wooden floor model and slowly added heavy weights on the floor. Through the test, the team found the four trusses could sustain objects weighing more than 1,800 kg—about the weight of a car. This showed trusses made from the new material were strong enough to be used in house building in America. The finding may benefit house building a lot. It will be much easier to send house parts made from this new material to different places. What’s more, the researchers say it is possible to bring down the cost of making house parts. The researchers hope that one day they can 3D print more house parts with the new material, so that more used plastic could be turned into something useful. 根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。 1．How many new homes may the world need by 2050 according to the MIT researchers? A．About 1 billion. B．About 2 billion. C．About 3 billion. 2．What is the new material made from? A．Recycled plastic and glass. B．Recycled plastic and wood. C．Recycled plastic and stone. 3．What does the underlined word “sustain” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．Increase. B．Avoid. C．Hold. 4．What can we learn about the 3D-printed trusses in the test? A．They were big enough to support house floors. B．They were strong enough for house building. C．They were small enough to be put in a car. 5．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．3D Printing Solves Housing Problems B．Recycled Plastic Finds New Life in Houses C．Recycling Plastic Reduces Environmental Pollution （2026年陕西省中考英语试题）Do you like reading? Do you often read English stories, poems, short stories or any other books? As we all know, reading plays a very important role in English learning. It will help build your vocabulary, develop your sense of the English language, and open your mind. However, not all books are proper for you. If you are a beginner who learns English, here are some general rules to choose a book. You should look for books for learners of English. To start with, look for beginning level books: Level 1 or Stage 1. Later, when your English becomes better, you can move on to a higher level. Ask your teacher where to find the books for your level. There may be some in the school or classroom library. You may also find books for learners in bookstores or public libraries. Then, choose a book that interests you. Your teacher and friends may have good ideas. The important thing is to choose a book that you want to read. At the end of this unit, there is a list of books. Before you choose a book, find out if it is proper for you. Follow these steps to preview (预览) it: ● Read the title, back cover and first few pages. What is the book about? Is it interesting? ● Look at the first few pages again. How many words are new for you? > No new words. This book may be too easy for you. > 1~5 new words on each page. This book is the right level for you. > 6 or more new words on each page. This book may be too difficult for you. Note: You may choose from these books, or you may choose different books. 1．How many advantages of reading English books are mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 2．Which paragraph or paragraphs tell(s) us the general rules to choose a book? A．Paragraph 2. B．Paragraphs 2 and 3. C．Paragraph 4. D．Paragraph 4 and the note. 3．According to the passage, the book with ________ new words on each page is proper for Liu Han, an English beginner. A．without any new words B．with 3 or 4 new words C．with 6 new words D．with more than 6 new words 4．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A novel. B．A poem collection. C．A textbook. D．A story book. （2026年四川省凉山彝族自治州中考英语试题） Around 150 years ago, being in a dark period, China was weak and faced many challenges. During the late Qing Dynasty, the famous leader Li Hongzhang wanted to save the country. He believed China could become strong by learning from developed countries. So he sent many young officers and students to Germany. They studied science, high technology and machine building there. At that time, China was like a hard-working student. German industrial products were highly valued. German experts taught Chinese students scientific methods to use modern weapons and build steel factories. They studied day and night, hoping to bring useful skills back home. Germany was truly their teacher, showing the way forward. Fast to 2026, the world has seen a great change. China has developed quickly in science and technology. So a group of leaders from over 30 German companies visited China. They traveled to Hangzhou to visit a leading Chinese robot company. The German guests watched amazing robot performances. To their surprise, the robots could do many difficult movements like back flips, martial arts routines, and quick turns. Many of them were so excited that they were willing to stay here for learning China’s experience in AI, robots and so on. This shows a clear change. From a learner to a teacher, China has taken a historic step forward in some high-tech fields. 1．What did young officers and students study in Germany about 150 years ago? ① science    ② high technology    ③ AI and robots    ④ machine building A．①②④ B．②③④ C．①③④ 2．Why did the leaders from German companies visit China? A．Because they wanted to enjoy the West Lake in Hangzhou. B．Because they wanted to watch amazing robot performances. C．Because China has developed quickly in science and technology. 3．The robots from the Chinese robot company could ________. A．build modern factories B．do difficult movements C．make industrial products 4．Which one shows the right relationship between the time from 1870s to 2026(x) and the development of China’s science (y) according to the passage? A． B． C． 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．From a Learner to a Teacher B．Science and Technology C．A Teacher or a Worker 考点2025中考真题 （2025年四川省攀枝花市中考英语真题）Kids are natural inventors. They often create amazing things from simple ideas. Here are a few examples. Popsicles Popsicles were invented by 11-year-old Frank Epperson. One cold winter night in 1905, he forgot his drink with a stick (棒) in it outside. The next day, it turned into ice. Surprisingly, it tasted good! These delicious ice sticks became popular among kids in summer to stay cool. Popsicles are still one of the best summer treats today! Earmuffs Chester Greenwood, who was born in 1858, loved ice-skating, but his ears couldn’t stand the cold. In 1873, after some thinking, Greenwood asked his grandmother to sew fur (缝制毛皮) into two circles and then connect them. The first earmuffs were invented! Soon, they became popular. Wristies 10-year-old Kathryn Gregory created the first pair of Wristies as snow got in her mittens (连指手套) and her hands got wet. Wristies are long gloves with no fingers. When you work in the cold, your hands stay warm while you use your fingers. Kathryn also started a business with her parents’ help. She still runs it today. Braille Louis Braille was blind in both eyes. In 1819, he attended a school for blind children. There, he learned a special reading system. But he found it still hard to write. When he turned 15, he created Braille by making a few changes to a system used by soldiers. Today, people with eye problems still use Braille to read and write. 1．In which season did Frank Epperson invent Popsicles? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter. 2．Why did Chester Greenwood invent earmuffs? A．To make money. B．To keep his ears warm. C．To keep his hands dry. D．To make a gift for his parents. 3．What can we learn about Louis Braille? A．He couldn’t go to school. B．He could only see with his left eye. C．He couldn’t read at school. D．His invention is useful to the blind. 4．Who finished his/her invention at the youngest age? A．Frank Epperson. B．Chester Greenwood. C．Kathryn Gregory. D．Louis Braille. 5．Which of the following is TRUE about the four inventions? A．Wristies were invented to keep ears warm. B．Louis Braille invented the system in 1819. C．Chester got the idea of earmuffs when ice-skating. D．Kathryn started a business with her grandmother’s help. （2025年广东省深圳市中考英语真题）Chimpanzee: Our Closest Relative in the Wild Chimpanzee is the animal most like humans, so studying them in the wild gives scientists insight into the origins of our own social behaviour, our communication, and now, how we care for one another. The wound care of chimpanzees involves various techniques: directly licking the wound to remove debris and potentially adding antibiotic compounds in the saliva; pressing the wound after licking their fingers; patting with leaves; and chewing plant leaves and applying the juice to the wound. These actions show that chimpanzees have a high level of intelligence and social care. Scientists have observed that chimpanzees not only care for their own wounds but also help other group members treat injuries. For example, a young chimpanzee was seen helping an older one clean a deep wound on its arm. This kind of behaviour is similar to human medical care, which surprised many researchers. In a 10-year study in the Congo Basin, Dr. Jane Goodall found that chimpanzees can learn new skills from each other. They can use sticks to get termites from their nests, and this skill is passed down from older chimpanzees to younger ones. This shows that chimpanzees have the ability to learn and teach, just like humans. Dr. Freeman, a primatologist, said, “Chimpanzees’ social behaviour and learning ability remind us that we are not the only intelligent species on Earth. We should respect and protect them.” Due to deforestation and hunting, the number of wild chimpanzees has dropped by 60% in the past 30 years. Scientists are working hard to protect their habitats and stop illegal hunting. 1．Why do scientists study wild chimpanzees? A．Because they are easy to catch and raise in zoos. B．Because they can help scientists develop new medicines. C．Because they are humans’ closest relatives and reveal human evolution. D．Because they have a simple social structure that is easy to research. 2．Which is NOT a wound care technique of chimpanzees? A．Licking the wound to remove debris. B．Pressing the wound after licking fingers. C．Using man-made medicine to treat wounds. D．Patting the wound with leaves. 3．What does the example of the young chimpanzee helping the older one show? A．Chimpanzees have social care for group members. B．Chimpanzees only care about their own wounds. C．Young chimpanzees are better at wound care than older ones. D．Chimpanzees’ wounds are usually caused by fighting. 4．What ability of chimpanzees is shown in Dr. Goodall’s study? A．They can learn new skills from each other. B．They can talk with humans through gestures. C．They can make tools to hunt large animals. D．They can predict natural disasters. 5．What does Dr. Freeman mean by his words? A．Chimpanzees are more intelligent than humans. B．Humans should protect chimpanzees and their habitats. C．Chimpanzees will soon disappear from the wild. D．Learning from chimpanzees can improve human medical care. （2025年四川省宜宾市中考英语真题）Do you know potatoes can be turned into rice? In Yunnan, China, a factory makes special rice from potatoes. The factory uses new technology to change potatoes into small rice-like pieces. China is one of the largest potato producers in the world. Potatoes, as well as wheat, rice and corn, are among the most important crops in China. However, potatoes have much water inside. If the correct ways can’t be found to keep them, they will go bad easily. It leads to tons of waste. Potato rice technology can help keep potatoes longer and reduce waste. There are many advantages of potato rice. First, it keeps 90% of potato nutrition (营养) and has 27% more protein (蛋白质) than normal rice. Second, it hardly raises blood sugar. Speaking of buying rice, it is usually the first choice for people who want to control their blood sugar. What’s more, it’s easy to cook because there is no need to wash it. When people cook it, they can use less water. Potato rice cooks faster than normal rice. However, every coin has two sides. Although potato rice has entered the market, it still has a long way to go. Potato rice is much more expensive than normal rice because the factory needs 2.5 tons of potatoes to produce 1 ton of potato rice. It costs 33 yuan every kilo, but normal rice costs only 4-6 yuan every kilo. Experts say that future research will pay more attention to reducing the costs and improving the taste. 1．What is the special rice made from? A．Wheat. B．Potatoes. C．Tomatoes. D．Corn. 2．Who will most probably buy potato rice according to the passage? A．People who are losing weight. B．People with high blood sugar. C．People who like eating potatoes. D．People with good cooking skills. 3．How is potato rice different from normal rice? A．It is cheaper. B．It needn’t be washed. C．It has 90% more protein. D．It needs more water when cooking. 4．What will future research pay attention to? A．The sugar. B．The protein. C．The cooking time. D．The costs and taste. 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To learn about a factory in Yunnan. B．To talk about the price of potato rice. C．To introduce a new kind of healthy food. D．To teach people how to cook potato rice. （2025年四川省绵阳市中考英语真题）Sometimes animals are so badly injured that common medicine cannot help them. However, animal lovers can still come to save them. In Brazil, a group of them use their knowledge of medicine and computer technology to create man-made body parts for those injured animals. The technology is called three-dimensional (3D) printing, which can create all kinds of objects from a cup to a toy truck. It takes a lot of plastic. Now, a Canadian company has solved this problem. It has invented the ProtoCycler, which can turn waste plastic, such as bottles, into plastic that can be used in a 3D printer. Last year, the Brazil team used 3D printing to help a poor tortoise (陆龟), Freddy. A forest fire had burned 85% of her shell, the hardest part of her back. In other words, her shell was nearly gone. The whole team worked together to give her another chance at life. First, they took photos of Freddy and of a healthy tortoise with a complete shell. Then, they used a computer program to design a new shell that would fit her exactly. A 3D printer created the new plastic shell. After that, the finished shell was attached to (贴附于) Freddy’s body. The new shell fit well, but the white plastic did not have a natural look. Later, an artist painted the shell so that it looked like a real one. The results were very fantastic. Freddy now lives with the people who helped save her life. 1．What do we know about the ProtoCycler? A．It is a plastic toy. B．It takes a lot of plastic. C．It is a new 3D printer. D．It makes waste plastic useful. 2．What brought the Brazil team together? A．Purpose of saving. B．Need for research. C．Interest in science. D．Thought on testing. 3．Which is the correct order of helping Freddy? ①printing  ②painting  ③attaching  ④designing  ⑤photographing A．④⑤①③② B．⑤④①③② C．④⑤②③① D．⑤④②③① 4．Which of the following best describes the team’s work? A．Simple. B．Awful. C．Satisfying. D．Traditional. 5．What is the best title of this passage? A．3D Printing Does Good to People B．3D Printing Turns Waste into Treasure C．A Canadian Company Invents 3D Printing D．A Tortoise Gets a New Life with 3D Printing （2025年西藏自治区中考英语真题） Every year, all the schools in China carry out fire drills (消防演练). The purpose is to make students pay more attention to fire safety. Fire drill is a common practice of what people must do in order to escape safely from a fire in a building. A fire extinguisher is a metal container with water or chemicals inside for putting out small fires. Do you know how to use the fire extinguisher in the picture? Here are some steps. ·Find an extinguisher that is close to you. ·Shake it after picking up the extinguisher. ·Pull off the safety pin quickly. ·Point the tube at the root of the fire. ·Press down on the handle until you put out the fire. *Notice: When using the fire extinguisher, please be careful enough not to get hurt. 1．The purpose of fire drills is to make students pay more attention to ________. A．water safety B．fire safety C．traffic safety D．medicine safety 2．What does the underlined word “escape” mean in Paragraph 1? A．逃出 B．忽略 C．泄露 D．消遣 3．What’s in a fire extinguisher? A．Oil or chemicals. B．Water or sand C．Water or chemicals D．Sand or oil 4．How many steps are talked about in the passage? A．Seven. B．Six. C．Five. D．Four. 5．According to the passage, what will you do first after getting the fire extinguisher? A．Find it. B．Shake it. C．Pull off the safety pin. D．Press down on the handle. （2025年山东省济南市中考英语真题）Construction (建筑) is one of the biggest users of energy and one of the biggest polluters. According to AI Magazine, construction is responsible for using 38% of world energy. The building part alone takes up almost 55% of final energy use and 33% of greenhouse gases. It’s also well known that steel produces too much material waste in building construction. Because of this big challenge, the future of sustainable (可持续的) construction may lie with AI. AI is able to study building efficiency (效率) performance by grouping data to find the best chances for sustainable material usage. With a tool like AI, the future of sustainable construction could progress much faster than in the past. Besides, AI helps architects (建筑师) work with new tools and sustainable materials to create our better buildings and cities of the future. For example, construction 3D printing guided by AI can offer better choices for building materials to save money, and map out how construction materials could be recycled. In a professional article, AI is praised as a tool for sustainable construction, “In recent years, AI has become a promising tool for construction. AI can examine a large number of data sets on weather conditions and help to make full use of building systems for energy efficiency, water protection and other goals.” AI can be used to speed up the future of sustainable construction to set standards for the industry, and make construction more efficient and affordable. Like any other computer, AI is a tool that is particularly good at studying data sets, but for the moment it still requires smart and ethical (有道德的) human beings to lead its work. All of that has to be done with respect for humans, so it’s really up to us to make it work. 1．How is paragraph 1 developed? A．By listing numbers. B．By telling stories. C．By expressing feelings. D．By making comparisons. 2．How can AI help architects? A．Produce sustainable steel. B．Draw maps of dream cities. C．Invent recyclable 3D printers. D．Choose sustainable materials. 3．Which best explains the underlined word “promising” in paragraph 3? A．Facing challenges. B．Needing improving. C．Taking years to grow. D．Having a bright future. 4．What does the writer suggest in the last paragraph? A．It’s difficult to develop AI. B．Humans’ future depends on AI. C．It’s humans’ duty to guide AI. D．Humans and AI should work together. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．AI recycles construction wastes. B．AI may take the place of architects. C．AI helps sustainable construction. D．AI speeds sustainable development. （2025年黑龙江省大庆市中考英语真题）China has made some changes in its food labels (标签) recently and three of them have become a heated topic. To begin with, the government requires food labels should be made easier and clearer to read. Information, such as sugar, salt and unhealthy fats in their products, should be clearly included on the label. By doing so, the government hopes this will encourage healthier eating habits among people. At the same time, it is required that common allergens (过敏原) should be included on the label as well, which will possibly help people avoid risks. Another new requirement is that labels such as “no additives (添加剂)” or “zero additives” should no longer be allowed. The government says labels like these have already led shoppers to believe that a product is healthy when it is in fact not. Take a famous food company as an example. In order to increase sales, the label “zero additives” was added to its products, proving there were no harmful things. However, recently the label has been questioned. Tests have found small amounts of harmful additives in its products. Many people came to believe the “zero” label was just a marketing lie. The use of digital labels is also worth noticing. Companies are being advised to have QR codes (二维码) included on food labels. This allows customers to get more information about the product. This is helpful for people who want to learn more about what they are eating. More than 400 products have already used this smart labeling system. Food safety has always been among top cares for every Chinese. By making these changes in food labels, China hopes to help people make healthier and safer food choices. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Food producers refuse changes in food labels. B．Food labels are required to be easier and clearer. C．Healthier eating habits will encourage clearer labels. D．Changes in food labels are mainly about common allergens. 2．Why is a food company mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To introduce the food company to shoppers. B．To show the food company’s changes in food labels. C．To prove that some labels can wrongly lead shoppers. D．To compare “zero additives” labels with digital ones. 3．How does the writer develop the text? (P1 stands for paragraph 1.) A． B． C． D． 4．In which part of a magazine can we probably read the text? A．Food and health. B．Medical research. C．Technology progress. D．Language and literature. （2025年黑龙江省大庆市中考英语真题） We Chinese people celebrate Arbor Day (a festival for tree planting) every year on March 12. It brings us closer to each other and to the wonders of nature. Many other countries also celebrate trees with festivals and holidays. But as you will see, not all of them fall in spring. PeruYunsa is a celebration of new life at the end of the local carnival (狂欢节). Couples take turns dancing around a small tree. After that, they cut it down. This stands for a new beginning. Following an ancient tradition, people then plant a young tree in the place of the old one. The United KingdomThe British celebrate National Tree Week at the start of the tree-planting season in November. They also celebrate National Tree Dressing Day on the first weekend in December. On that day, they have something beautiful and special hung in the trees. MoroccoThousands of trees in the town of Tafraoute produce many of Morocco’s almonds (杏仁). To celebrate this natural gift, Tafraoute hosts the Almond Blossom Festival every year. The date of the event depends on when the trees flower. People dance, sing and tell stories until late into the night. IsraelTu BiShvat is known to people in Israel. It means “New Year of the Trees”. This festival is usually celebrated with a meal in January or February. Tree plantings are held in schools and homes. The celebration usually begins at sunset and lasts till the following day. Many people also make donations (捐赠) to organizations that work to plant trees in Israel. 1．When do we Chinese celebrate Arbor Day? A．On March 12. B．On March 20. C．On April 12. D．On April 15. 2．Which countries celebrate tree festivals with dancing? A．Peru and Morocco. B．Israel and Morocco. C．Peru and the United Kingdom. D．The United Kingdom and Israel. 3．What do people do in Israel for the tree festival? A．They celebrate a natural gift—almonds. B．They cut trees down and plant new ones. C．They make the trees beautiful with something special. D．They have a meal and make donations to organizations. （2025年江苏省徐州市中考真题英语试题）On a Monday morning in Amsterdam, the work day began as usual for Jim. When finishing his coffee, Jim checked text messages on his phone. Then, he got his bag and went to the nearest railway station. He wasn’t there to take the train, though. Instead, Jim chose one of the public bicycles lined up outside the station. After unlocking a bike with a smart card, he set out for his job on the other side of the city. He joined other cyclists in the bike lanes (道), safely separated from car traffic. Amsterdam wasn’t always bicycle friendly. In fact, cycling used to be dangerous, especially during the second half of the twentieth century. This was a time of rapid growth in Amsterdam. As people got richer, they were able to afford expensive goods such as cars. For the first time, driving became popular. Highways were built for cars. This meant there was less space for cyclists. Having had a long tradition of cycling, this was a big change for the city. As car traffic increased, so did the number of biking accidents. Many of the cyclists were children. People in Amsterdam were angry. They organized protests (抗议) in the city streets. Government officers listened. Hoping to solve the problem quickly, they started to think of ways to make the city safe for cyclists again. Soon there were separate bike lanes, and some areas were closed to cars forever. The changes were so effective (有效的) that today Amsterdam is a model of biking safety for other cities around the world. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By comparing two places. B．By describing a scene. C．By answering a question. D．By listing a number. 2．Why did Jim go to the nearest railway station on work day morning? A．To work there. B．To take the train. C．To see a friend. D．To ride a bike. 3．What does the passage tell about Amsterdam? A．It has no highways for cars. B．It is always bicycle friendly. C．It seldom sees changes. D．It is famous for biking safety. 4．What type of book is the passage probably taken from? A．Science fiction. B．Romantic novel. C．City culture. D．Detective story. （2025年青海省中考英语真题）Different countries have different customs about gifts. As an exchange student (交换生) studying in China, I’ve known more interesting differences from my country, the UK. For example, people often give fruits and milk to their friends and relatives in China. In my country, they are usually for patients in hospitals. More western people open their gifts at once, although not in places like Germany. It’s also important to take off the price tag (标签) before giving the gift. What will you do if you don’t like your gift? In Spain, in order not to hurt the person’s feelings, you still need to say you love the gift. But if there is the receipt (收据) inside the gift, that means you can change it for something else. Please remember: The thought is more valuable than the size or the price of the gift. 1．Where does the exchange student come from? A．Spain. B．The UK. C．Germany. 2．What will German do when they receive a gift? A．They will not open it right away. B．They will take off the price tag. C．They will open it right away. 3．Although the Spanish don’t love the gift, why do they still say they love it? A．To give it to others. B．To care for the person’s feelings. C．To change it for something else. 4．According to the passage, what is the most valuable of a gift? A．The size. B．The price. C．The thought. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Different Gift Customs. B．An Exchange Student’s Life. C．An Expensive Gift. （2025年湖北省武汉市中考英语真题）Do you know the five main senses we have? They are touch, taste, sight, smell and hearing. They are controlled by different parts of our brains. So we call the brain our built-in “BeiDou”. Brains help our bodies work smoothly. Try this: close your eyes and touch your nose. It’s easy, right? That’s because our brains can receive messages about where our body parts are. We can also stand on one leg without falling down. If we lose our balance, our brains will give us orders to fix it. ★ . Tests show that people see spider pictures faster than flowers. Some researchers also found that people react (作出反应) to loud noises faster than to a friend’s voice. Scientists aren’t completely sure about the reasons. Some suggest that this skill might come from ancient times. Our ancestors were often faced with predators. So they had to protect themselves from dangerous animals like spiders and tigers, or they would lose their lives. Until today, we still jump at sudden noises or shadows (影子) in dark rooms. Here is more about brains. Can you imagine seeing colors when you hear music, or tasting candy when you see the sunshine? It’s called sense mixing. Scientists think this happens when different senses intermingle (相互交织). Another fact is that temperature sometimes influences our senses. Some people can feel storms coming through knee pain. So we often joke that we’re “human weather apps”. Also, our brains are able to make adjustment (调整) to some senses. If someone can’t see well, his hearing or touch might become stronger. Though scientists have done much research on the brain, there’s still a lot to do. Have you ever wondered why some people are better at sports? What’s the secret to improving memory? Then it’s time for you to start your discovering journey. 1．What do the two examples in the first paragraph show? A．Brains help our bodies work well. B．Human brains are different. C．Humans can touch their noses easily. D．People have many living habits. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．It’s fun to study our ancestors’ life B．It’s easy to learn about senses C．Animals help people in many ways D．Brains are also life-saving heroes 3．Which animal in the following pictures is probably a “predator”? A． B． C． D． 4．According to paragraph 3, what might happen if your senses mix? A．You can tie your shoes without looking. B．You taste sweetness when seeing an apple. C．You jump when someone shouts suddenly. D．You feel pain in your knees before the rain comes. 5．What is the writing purpose of the last paragraph? A．To improve people’s memory. B．To encourage brain studies. C．To show the value of our brains. D．To admire scientists’ efforts. （2025年吉林省长春市中考英语真题）①You may wonder how you can find beauty in the place you’ve known so well. People usually think only by going to places far away can they feel that. In fact, what you need to do is to explore (探索) with fresh eyes. ②Imagining yourself as a guide is a good way. Where will you suggest visitors go if they come to Changchun? You can find some good places by answering it. A good option is a museum of cars, where you can learn about the history of the car industry, and know the development of different brands of cars. ③To find changes in your city, you can look up some information online. You may find Beijing West Street, which is a new cultural landmark in Changchun. It has become a hot topic. It used to be a common street. The buildings there have been rebuilt. Many drama festivals, street art shows and fairs of cultural products are held. The minute you arrive, you will be shocked by a rush of fresh energy in the busy air. ④Going somewhere in person and watching, you will get something unexpected. When you visit Jingyue National Forest Park, nature seems the only thing to enjoy. But surprisingly, you’ll also find so many people doing different outdoor activities, like walking, riding and camping. The beautiful scenes of human and nature will be printed in your mind, inspiring you to try something fantastic in no time. ⑤Exploring your city in a different light, you can know more about its history, culture and development. You will fall in love with where you live hundreds of times with a pair of admiring eyes. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．How can people feel beauty in the place they’ve known well? A．By driving a car. B．By imagining the future. C．By drawing pictures. D．By learning about it with fresh eyes. 2．What does the underlined word “option” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Rule. B．Business. C．Choice. D．Sign. 3．Where can people get the information about street art shows? A．In the park. B．On the Internet. C．In the museum. D．On the radio. 4．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2, ... ) A． B． C． D． 5．What is probably the best title (标题) for this passage? A．Finding Beauty Around. B．Walking in Changes. C．Going Deep into Nature. D．Turning Old Street New. （2025年山东省临沂市中考英语真题） Nowadays, there are many great inventions around us. They make our lives better in amazing ways. One of them is called “Tianmouc”—the world’s first smart chip (芯片) that works like our eyes and brains. A team from Tsinghua University made it! Tianmouc gets an idea by how our human eyes and brains work together. First, our eyes see things around us. Then, our brains understand them. Tianmouc does something similar! It uses special sensors (传感器) to break down what it sees into tiny parts. Then, Tianmouc puts them together in two ways. One is by seeing colors and details clearly as if we read a book. The other is by reacting (回应) to sudden changes quickly, just like we catch a ball. Tianmouc is really powerful. It can do things that traditional chips can’t. For example, it’s able to collect what it sees at a very high speed of 10,000 frames (帧) per second. In some ways, it sees things more exactly than our eyes. The chip can work well in different light conditions—no matter how bright or dark the light is. All of these are achieved with very little power or energy. Tianmouc has a big influence on our daily life. For self-driving cars, they need to “see” the road clearly and react quickly to any danger. Tianmouc can notice sudden changes quickly, like a child running across the road or a car suddenly cutting in. For the cameras, they will react faster by catching any unusual movement in the future. Inventions like Tianmouc show how creative the humans can be! They are making our lives more convenient and safer. Who knows what amazing inventions we’ll see next? 1．What do we know about “Tianmouc”? A．It’s a new type of cameras that can react faster. B．It’s a special sensor for self-driving cars to see and react quickly. C．It’s the world’s first smart chip working like human eyes and brains. 2．From Paragraph 2, we know ______. A．how Tianmouc works B．how Tianmouc helps us C．what makes Tianmouc special 3．What does the writer mean by asking “Who knows what amazing inventions we’ll see next?”? A．The writer doubts if there will be new inventions. B．The writer believes more amazing inventions will appear. C．The writer thinks inventions will mainly make cars faster. 4．Where is the passage probably from? A．A travel ad. B．A health guide. C．A science magazine. （2025年山东省临沂市中考英语真题）The Taklimakan Desert is the largest desert in China. It is about 337,600 square kilometers in the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang. The dry environment makes it difficult for life there. Sandstorms often happen, and the moving sand seriously influences the lives of local people and the natural environment in this area. However, the Chinese government and people have been making much effort to control the desert. Here are some of scientific and effective ways they have used. One of the main ways is to build a tree belt (带) around the desert. By the end of 2023, a 2,761-kilometer-long green belt had already been built around it. In 2024, the last part of the belt, 285 kilometers, was finished. It’s about 3,046 kilometers in total. The belt lies as a strong wall against the spread of the desert. Biological ways are also widely used. For example, people grow special plants that can grow well with little water, like huyang, suosuo, shabang and so on. These plants hold the sand and reduce sandstorms. At the same time, they can also bring certain economic (经济的) benefits to local people. And the method of using solar power generation (太阳能发电) has been used too. By building greenhouses, people can grow vegetables and fruits. In this way, they can make full use of the land and light in the desert area. Great changes have already taken place. The natural environment around the desert has been improved greatly. The local economy has also been developed rapidly. The success in the control of this desert shows: as long as we have a strong will and use scientific methods, we can protect the environment and build a better future for both people and nature. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By listing facts. B．By giving examples. C．By answering questions. 2．What does the underlined word “effective” probably mean in Paragraph 1? A．Expensive. B．Simple. C．Useful. 3．Why do people grow special plants in the desert? A．To make the desert more beautiful. B．To prevent sandstorms and get economic benefits. C．To provide food for animals and make more money. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (P= Paragraph) A． B． C． （2025年广东省中考英语真题）Everyone knows that forests help fight climate change. However, a recent scientific report shows that the world lost 300,000 square kilometers of forests in 2024. That’s an area about the size of Italy. According to the report, for the first time ever, fires were the biggest cause of forest loss. ▲ . This country has the largest area of rainforest in the world. Last year, it suffered from a long period of dry weather. Wildfires broke out and spread. As a result, about 25,000 square kilometers of the primary rainforest disappeared in the country. This meant fires caused 66% of its forest loss. The second biggest cause of the world’s forest loss was clearing land for farming. As people need more farmland, they keep cutting down forests every year. In 2024, the area of forest cleared for farming increased by 14% worldwide. The situation was more severe in developing countries. For example, Bolivia’s forest loss doubled in 2024. Without doubt, something must be done. Experts call on governments, businesses and people to work together before it is too late. It seems that China has set a good example. Thanks to cooperation at many levels, China had the biggest increase in forest area among all countries in 2024. That year alone, newly-planted trees in China covered an area of nearly 45,000 square kilometers, according to a news report. If more countries start to take action like China, the earth will become a greener planet. 1．The size of Italy is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to show _______. A．why we need forests. B．where a disaster spread. C．what climate change is. D．how terrible forest loss was. 2．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 2? A．Farming is a reason. B．Take Brazil for example. C．Wildfires were stopped. D．Read the report carefully. 3．What does the underlined word “severe” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Serious. B．Boring. C．Balanced. D．Positive. 4．What was the reason for the growth of China’s forest area in 2024? A．Enough land. B．Nice weather. C．Good teamwork. D．Green technology. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Rainforest Became Larger B．Farmland Area Grew Rapidly C．Forest Fires Caused Pollution D．Forest Loss Worried the World （2025年湖南省长沙市中考英语真题）One morning, I stopped at my favorite restaurant to get something to eat and got comfortable at a small table. Shortly after, I noticed four young people sitting at a table near me. After simply greeting each other and ordering, they all looked at their phones and continued to do so until their orders arrived. After photographing their food, they ate, continuing to look at their phones. I was wondering why they came here to eat together. They were phubbing, or phone snubbing (冷落), a very common problem these days. You may not know the word “phubbing”, but this kind of act is not strange to you. In fact, 32% of people report that they are phubbed two or three times a day. Do you have a conversation on your phone while talking to another person face to face? Do you scroll (上下滑动) through your phone while eating with someone for fear of missing out? If your answer is yes to either of them, you might be a “phubber”. The writer of The Psychology of Phubbing did a survey and found that the influence of phubbing on relationships can be very harmful or destructive. For example, children felt that parents who phubbed them didn’t care about them. This led to a feeling of being left out. Also, partners who were phubbed might be less satisfied with the relationship because of jealousy (嫉妒) and worries. Phubbing is a learned act, so unlearning it is possible. Start by accepting the problem. Set a time limit (限制) for not using your phone. Create areas where phones are off-limits. Don’t let the modern technology which is designed (设计) to bring people together separate you from others. 1．What did the four young people keep doing before their orders arrived? A．Greeting each other. B．Looking at their phones. C．Photographing their food. 2．How does the writer introduce the word “phubber” in Paragraph 3? A．By raising questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving reasons. 3．What does the underlined word “destructive” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．微乎其微的 B．积极正向的 C．有破坏性的 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To warn people against phubbing. B．To show how phones bring people closer. C．To present the advantages of modern technology. 考点2024中考真题 （2024年江苏省南京市中考英语真题）A new study suggests that roosters can recognize themselves in a mirror (镜子). Scientists use the “mark test” to test whether an animal can recognize itself. A mark is put on an animal, usually in a spot that can only be seen in a mirror. Then the animal is allowed to look in a mirror. If the animal seems to pay attention to the mark, scientists believe the animal has recognized itself. The list of animals who can recognize themselves in a mirror isn’t long. The skill has mainly been found in animals with large brains, like dolphins, chimpanzees and elephants. Until recently, only one kind of bird had passed the test. Scientists at the University of Bonn in Germany recently ran the mark test on roosters. They put a pink triangle (三角形) on the chests of the roosters. But when the roosters looked in a mirror, they didn’t seem to notice the mark. The scientists then needed a different way to test whether the roosters could recognize themselves. When there’s danger—like a hawk (鹰) flying above—roosters make loud calls to warn nearby chickens. But roosters only make the cries if other chickens can hear them. If they’re alone, they remain quiet so the hawk won’t see them. The scientists realized that they could use the shadow (影子) of a hawk to test whether or not the roosters thought they were alone—even when they could see “another” chicken in a mirror. First, the scientists let the roosters spend time getting used to being in a closed-in space and having a mirror around. Then, they ran several tests by making a hawk shadow appear above a rooster and watching how it reacted. When there was no mirror, the roosters reacted as usual. It called out when it was near another rooster (Picture ▲ ), but remained quiet when it was alone. But when a rooster was in a space where it could see itself in the mirror, it wasn’t fooled into thinking there was another rooster. It remained silent under the hawk shadow. It did this even if there was a rooster hidden behind the mirror. The scientists say the results show that the roosters knew they were seeing themselves in the mirror, and not other roosters. 1．What is the purpose of the “mark test”? A．To test a bird’s ability to fly. B．To measure an animal’s brain size. C．To see if an animal can recognize itself. D．To compare different animals’ intelligence. 2．What does the underlined word “them” refer to? A．Hawks. B．Roosters. C．Chickens. D．Scientists. 3．Which of the following pictures can be put into ▲ ? A． B． C． D． 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Roosters prefer to make no sounds when it faces danger alone. B．Roosters are not as smart as dolphins, chimpanzees and elephants. C．The mark test can exactly tell if an animal can recognize itself in the mirror. D．When seeing its image in the mirror, the rooster thinks there’s another rooster. （2024年江苏省南京市中考英语真题）Exercise is important in our life. We ask 2000 people between 20 and 24 years old about their exercise habits. The diagrams below (下列图表) show the results. It is clear to see the fewest people think exercise is not important and people choose different kinds of activities to keep healthy. Exercise is good for both the mind and the body. So start exercising now, and it is never too late! 1．From diagram I, what percent of the people think exercise is very important? A．40% B．50% C．8% D．2% 2．According to Diagram II, how many people exercise 3 to 5 times a week? A．300 B．500 C．520 D．240 3．What can we know from the text? A．They ask 500 women about their exercise habits. B．The fewest people think exercise is a little important. C．About 10% of the people exercise more than twice a week. D．It is never too late to exercise. （2024年山东省济南市中考英语真题）In the early 1900s, Austrian scientist Karl Von Frisch discovered the “waggle dance” of honey bees. They dance to communicate where to find food showing an advanced form of communication. His discovery suggested that bees seem to “think” much like humans. Bees can count up to four and even use knowledge learned in one situation in new ones. This amazing ability they have is similar to that of a few mammals (like dolphins, rats, and some monkeys)—metacognition (元认知). Studying bees’ brains is challenging, but scientists have found ways. One such scientist is Clint Perry from Queen Mary University of London. He designed experiments (实验) where bees chose between two spots, one above and one below a black bar. If they landed above, they got a sweet drink below a terrible one. Perry made the test easier or harder by moving the landing spots further from or closer to the black bar. Perry found that bees avoided difficult tests and tried when it was easy, suggesting they can judge (判断) their chances of “passing”. This ability to make decisions according to their chances of success before is similar to how humans choose whether to take a test. However, Perry admits we can’t be sure if bees are truly judging by their own knowledge or just avoiding an unpleasant taste. Although there is much uncertainty, the discovery of metacognition in bees opens up new possibilities. It suggests that bees’ tiny brains may be quite capable (有能力的). It could be that skills such as simple math and navigation take far less actual brainpower than we thought. While bees aren’t as smart as mammals in memory and language, studying their brains could help us understand how our own brains process information. We may also have to rethink how we view the rest of the insect world. There are an awful lot of small insects flying around in the garden and crawling underground. Who knows what those tiny minds might be capable of? 1．Why do bees do the “waggle dance”? A．To count numbers. B．To show their amazing dancing skill. C．To relax themselves. D．To communicate the location of food. 2．What may Clint Perry’s experiments suggest about bees? A．They are more intelligent than monkeys. B．They prefer sweet drinks to terrible ones. C．They can judge their chances of success in a task. D．They have excellent memory and language skills. 3．What is the value of studying bees’ brains? A．It helps us study human brains. B．It reminds us to protect animals. C．It improves our own math abilities. D．It shows bees are our good friends. 4．Why does the writer end the text with a question? A．To add information about bees. B．To get readers interested in insects. C．To show doubts about the research. D．To express opinions about animal testing. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．Bees’ special communication skills. B．How bees process important information. C．The interesting “waggle dance” of bees. D．Bees’ surprising abilities and intelligence. （2024年浙江省中考英语真题）Every year, lots of animals around the world go on migrating (迁徙 ) journeys. Some need to find food, others are looking for somewhere to produce and raise their young. Migrations can be long and difficult for animals, but new research on birds has found that farmland along the way can help their progress. In spring, hundreds of thousands of birds living near Lake Poyang, in China, fly north to Siberia, Russia. On the way, they find places to stop and eat to keep their energy levels up for the long journey. Some birds, such as geese, eat young grass that starts to grow at the beginning of the season. This food can last for only a few weeks. And rising temperatures caused by climate change can sometimes make the grass grow earlier than usual. This means that some birds are arriving too late to eat the grass. As more land is used for farming, the natural wetlands where birds like to search for food are disappearing, too. A team of researchers have recently chosen to follow 246 birds, including geese and tundra swans, that are flying from Lake Poyang to Siberia. They find that the birds have changed their diets to adapt (适应) to the environments they pass through. As well as eating grass from the wetlands along the way, the birds are also eating seeds (种子) dropped by farmers. The researchers believe that seeds will become a more important part of migrating birds’ diets as more natural wetlands disappear. They suggest that if farmers use different ways of harvesting, such as using machines that leave behind more seeds in fields, it could help to feed migrating birds. However, they also say wetlands must be protected, so the birds can enjoy different foods during their long journeys. 1．Which can be a reason for animal migration according to Paragraph 1? A．Raising their babies. B．Enjoying the journey. C．Sending food to others. D．Taking care of the old. 2．What problem might the birds meet when flying from Lake Poyang to Siberia? A．There is no grass growing along the way. B．There is a sudden drop in temperature on the way. C．Fewer natural wetlands are left for them to find food. D．Some of the birds set out early and eat too much grass. 3．How do the birds adapt to the environments they pass through? A．By changing their diets. B．By changing the way they fly. C．By making their homes in wetlands. D．By making fiends with farmers. 4．What can be the best title of the text? A．Stop killing, stop polluting B．Save water, save life C．Bids help harvesting work D．Farms help migrating birds （2024年浙江省中考英语真题）Pompawee is a fan of traditional Chinese culture. She is among thousands of young people in Thailand who have learned Mandarin (普通话). And she has been watching Mandarin in a creative way, making learning more enjoyable. In recent years, more young people in Thailand are trying to learn about China through social media, movies and TV programs, and hanfu is very popular with Pompawee’s students. That’s where she has got her new idea of teaching. She shares with them this latest Chinese fashion (时尚) in class, helping them learn about the culture as well as the language itself. “Mandarin is like a key, helping me to open the door to understand China,” she said. Pompawee developed a love for the Chinese language at the age of 13. When she was in high school, she made an important decision-learning Mandarin at college. Now 35-year-old Pompawee has taught Mandarin for over 10 years. Pompawee visited China for the first time while she was in the university. She found Chinese food so great. Before travelling to China, Pompawee had only heard of a few Chinese dishes, such as hot pot and jiaozi. She was amazed by the kinds, the tastes and the Chinese ways of cooking. “Chinese people are very kind to foreigners. During my first visit to China, my Chinese friends and their families always took good care of me and kept asking whether I was used to the life,” she recalled (回忆). So far, Pompawee has visited several Chinese cities, “China is such a large country,” she said. “My trip to China will never end and I’d like to introduce more to people of my country.” 1．What is Pompawee’s new way to teach Mandarin? A．Giving online lessons. B．Taking part in TV shows. C．Making movies about China. D．Sharing the fashion of hanfu. 2．When did Pompawee become a Mandarin teacher? A．At the age of thirteen. B．Over ten years ago. C．At the age of thirty-five. D．When she was at college 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Pompawee’s first visit to China B．Pompawee’s deep love for Mandarin. C．Pompawee’s favorite Chinese dishes. D．Pompawee’s life in different Chinese cities 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain a better way of teaching Mandarin. B．To show opinions about protecting local language. C．To introduce a foreigner who spreads Chinese culture. D．To list reasons why Chinese fashion is popular in Thailand. （2024年海南省中考英语真题） They travel more than 100 kilometers every day. They bring about 200,000 meals on bikes or on foot to hungry workers, all at exactly 12:30 p. m. Many of them can’t read or write. But only 1 in every around 6,000,000 lunch boxes ever goes missing in one of the biggest cities in the world. Who are they? They are dabbawallas, the lunch carriers in Mumbai, India. To people working in the centre of Mumbai, home-cooked meals are like a greeting (问候) from their family. But it’s not easy for the workers to travel a long way with lunch boxes. Thanks to dabbawallas, they can enjoy a hot, fresh and healthy meal from home far away. Kiran, an experienced dabbawalla, tells the story. “Our method (方法) is simple but works well. In the morning we pick up lunch boxes at people’s homes by bike. Then we meet at the local railway station to divide the boxes into groups. We use colours, numbers and letters to help each other remember the customers’ names and addresses. We won’t get it wrong even in our sleep! When in Mumbai, each of us takes meals to workers in a certain area. The streets can be busy. The weather can be bad. But the lunch will always be on time. We work hard to serve people. We get their trust and respect (尊重). We take pride in our job.” 1．What do dabbawallas do every day? A．They buy food for workers. B．They cook meals for workers. C．They carry lunches to workers. 2．How far do dabbawallas travel every day? A．More than 100 kilometres. B．More than 200 kilometres. C．More than 600 kilometres. 3．What helps dabbawallas remember the customers’ names and addresses? A．The sizes of the lunch boxes. B．The shapes of the lunch boxes. C．The use of colours, numbers and letters. 4．How do dabbawallas feel about their job? A．Busy. B．Proud. C．Tired. 5．Where can you probably read this passage? A．In a newspaper. B．In a cooking book. C．In a health magazine. （2024年江苏省淮安市中考英语真题）Just one bite of cake with eggs is enough to make John feel very sick. Susan gets a terrible skin (皮肤) problem whenever she eats anything containing seafood, and David nearly died when he first ate a peanut cookie The body’s reaction (反应) to certain foods can be quite serious resulting in breathing problems or even the death. There are many things we eat that may cause our bodies to react badly if we have a food allergy (过敏). There are three common ways to test food allergies. Probably the simplest way is to give a child a food test. The doctor watches the child eat a little certain food to see if the child has an allergic reaction. This method takes quite a long time so it is used less often than the other two methods—skin tests and blood tests. In a skin test, a doctor puts allergens under the child’s skin and then waits to see if the child’s skin reacts. In a blood test, doctors take some of the child’s blood and add allergens to it and then check the blood. Dr. Jennifer from Stanford University spent 10 years studying the methods. She found a surprising fact. Skin tests or blood tests given to patients who visited their doctor for treatment of skin problems or stomachaches showed that these patients were allergic to certain foods. However, later tests showed that although they tested positive (阳性), fewer than 50 percent of them actually had food allergies. The problem might be food intolerance (不耐受) instead of a food allergy. Food allergies have something to do with a person’s immune system, while food intolerance has something to do with a person’s digestive system and the reaction is usually less serious. One of the most common kinds of food intolerance happens to people who have trouble taking in the sugar in food like milk, cheese and ice cream. Though allergy tests may show false positive results, they are still useful and can save lives. Some children’s food allergies may disappear as they grow older, so even though doctors don’t cure food allergies, sometimes the body itself does. 1．The underlined word “allergens” refers to (指的是) ________. A．something that hurts people’s skin B．something that protects people’s skin C．something that prevents an allergic reaction D．something that causes an allergic reaction 2．What can we learn from Dr. Jennifer’s study? A．Patients who tested positive may have food intolerance. B．Skin tests are much better than blood tests. C．Stomachaches are usually caused by food allergies. D．People with food intolerance should avoid food with sugar. 3．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Food allergy—Can we cure it? B．Food allergy—How to test it. C．Food allergy tests—Can we trust them? D．Food allergy tests—How to improve them. （2024年广东省广州市中考英语真题）Have you ever heard of upcycling? It is a way of turning old or unnecessary things into something useful and often beautiful. Is it the same as recycling? Recycling usually takes old things, like paper and glass, and breaks them down to make a new product. When you upcycle an object, you are probably doing something different. You can simply refashion it. For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt. Also, the upcycled object is usually in the same, or even better condition. Upcycling isn’t a new idea. Some of the best examples of modem-day upcycling come from the old times. In those days, things were repurposed over and over until they were no longer useful. Upcycling is a way of life. Things shouldn’t be just thrown away when they can be saved and turned into something useful. It’s clear that upcycling is green. It is also considered to be more environmentally friendly than recycling. Upcycling can just require your own ideas and work, but recycling requires energy (能源) or water to break down things. Grace, a young woman from the UK, takes used tea bags and turns them into dresses, shoes and even hats. Every day she drinks some tea, then dries out the tea bags with the tea still in them. When they’re dry, she takes the tea out and puts the bags together to make an item of clothing. This can take a long time, but Grace has made lots of artworks. In fact, no matter you create objects from old things or buy ready-made products from upcycled things, both ways are helpful for the environment and can bring you something that’s both beautiful and useful. Get started today! 1．What does the underlined word “refashion” mean in paragraph 2? A．Break down useless things. B．Collect used things. C．Create things out of old ones. D．Come up with good ideas. 2．How is upcycling different from recycling? A．It’s a completely new idea. B．It needs more energy. C．It requires more time and work. D．It’s a greener way of life. 3．Why does the writer tell the story of Grace in paragraph 5? A．To list the steps of doing upcycling. B．To give a good example of upcycling. C．To express a different idea of upcycling. D．To provide basic knowledge of upcycling. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To encourage people to do upcycling. B．To introduce the history of upcycling. C．To compare upcycling with recycling. D．To explain the importance of recycling （2024年广东省广州市中考英语真题） Many people know that robots explore space and build things in factories. But did you know that there are many other kinds of robots? Let’s meet some of these robots and find out what they do. Robot 1 If your family are moving to a new house, this two-legged robot is a good helper. It can lift several heavy boxes and carry them to the moving truck before returning inside for more. It has the ability to walk more carefully and skillfully than other robots. Robot 2 Powered by the sun, this robot works in a forest. It keeps an eye on everything from animal movements to the forest’s temperature, then sends the information back to the scientists. This robot can watch how the environment changes for a long period of time, which is difficult for humans. Robot 3 This pie-making robot is cutting a pie into pieces in the kitchen. It uses its arms to do all the things human cooks might do when they make food. But it makes much more food than human cooks. It can prepare a pie in 45 seconds and cook 80 pies an hour. It even divides your pie and boxes it up. Robot 4 This bright orange robot helps repair the machines under deep water. It can reach the part which is too deep for a human diver. Humans program where the robot should go and what it should do. This robot can also help humans explore the sea and discover new living things. But it can’t work for long underwater. 1．Which of the following shows the correct match between the robots and their working places? A．Robot 1—③, Robot 2—④, Robot 3—②, Robot 4—① B．Robot 1—②, Robot 2—①, Robot 3—③, Robot 4—④ C．Robot 1—②, Robot 2—④, Robot 3—③, Robot 4—① D．Robot 1—③, Robot 2—①, Robot 3—②, Robot 4—④ 2．What is an advantage of Robot 3? A．It makes the food more delicious. B．It cooks different kinds of food. C．It prepares food at a faster speed. D．It keeps the kitchen clean and tidy. 3．What can Robot 2 and Robot 4 both do? A．Study the information for scientists. B．Keep working for a long period of time. C．Help humans learn more about the Earth. D．Do lots of heavy housework for people. （2024年北京市中考英语真题）Sam Hill is really bad at finding his way from place to place. The world is full of people like Hill—and their opposites, who always seem to know exactly where they are and how to get where they want to go. It has proved hard to explain why. However, with the development of technology, there’s new excitement happening in the research world. An experiment was carried out in 2022 to find out what might influence way finding ability. Researchers developed an online game in which players travel by boat to find where a lot of checkpoints lie. The game asked players to provide basic background information , and nearly four million people worldwide did so. Through the game, the researchers were able to judge navigational (辨识方向的) ability by looking at how far each person traveled to reach all the checkpoints. Then they compared players’ performance with their background information. The researchers found that Northern Europeans seemed to be better navigators, perhaps because they love orienteering (定向越野), a sport which involves cross- country running and navigation. And those from cities with more disorganized street networks (网状系统) did better than those from cities with orderly ones. Perhaps people of planned cities don’t need to build complex (复杂的) maps in their minds. Research results like these suggest that people’s life experience decides how well they find their way. In fact, experience may even explain a popular belief that men are more likely to perform better than women. It turns out that this difference is more a question of culture and experience than of inborn ability. Northern Europeans, for example, show almost no ge$ 专题16 阅读理解 说明文 考点分类 三年考情（2024-2026） 命题规律 考点 01 细节理解题 2026：江苏扬州、山东泰安、云南、黑龙江绥化、陕西等全国各省市中考卷2025：四川攀枝花等全国各省市中考卷2024：全国各省市中考卷 1. 命题素材：完全贴合说明文核心说明对象，覆盖事物的特征、功能、原理、操作步骤、发展历程、数据信息、事实细节等，素材类型贴合说明文主题（科技科普、自然生态、文化传统、社会生活、学习方法等）；2. 核心考查内容：①原文直接信息定位：可直接在原文找到原句匹配答案，核对说明对象的核心细节；②细节信息转换：原文与选项进行同义替换、句式转换，考查对说明内容的精准理解；③信息筛选与判断：根据题干要求，筛选符合条件的说明信息，判断细节正误；④流程 / 步骤梳理：梳理说明对象的操作流程、发展步骤、实验过程等细节。 考点 02 主旨大意 / 标题归纳题 2026：江苏扬州、山东泰安、云南、黑龙江绥化、陕西等2025：四川攀枝花等2024：全国各省市中考卷 1. 命题素材：覆盖全文核心说明对象、文章核心介绍内容、作者的写作核心目的，素材以科技科普、文化介绍、环保说明、生活指南类说明文为主；2. 核心考查内容：①全文主旨归纳：梳理文章核心说明内容，提炼文章围绕说明对象展开的核心介绍方向；②最佳标题选择：标题需精准覆盖全文核心说明对象与核心内容，避免范围过大 / 过小 / 偏离说明主题；③写作目的推断：判断作者写文章的核心意图（科普知识、介绍事物、解释现象、说明方法、呼吁行动等）。 考点 03 推理判断题 2026：江苏扬州、山东泰安、云南、陕西等2025：四川攀枝花等2024：全国各省市中考卷 1. 命题素材：覆盖说明对象的隐含特征、文章的后续发展、作者的隐含观点、说明内容的延伸应用等，素材以科技科普、自然现象、文化类说明文为主；2. 核心考查内容：①细节推理：基于原文说明的细节信息，推断说明对象的隐含特征、应用场景、发展趋势；②写作目的 / 读者群体推断：判断文章的适用读者群体、作者的写作隐含意图；③文章出处推断：判断文章来源（科学杂志、教科书、报纸、科普网站等）；④内容延伸推断：基于文章说明的原理，推断其在其他场景的应用。 考点 04 词义猜测题 2026：山东泰安、云南、黑龙江绥化等2025：四川攀枝花等2024：全国各省市中考卷 1. 命题素材：划线词汇多为说明文核心说明相关的专业术语、大纲内熟词生义、固定短语 / 搭配，素材贴合说明文语境，覆盖科技、自然、文化、生活等各类主题；2. 核心考查内容：①熟词生义猜测：考查大纲内单词在说明文中的语境引申义、专业释义；②专业术语猜测：通过上下文的定义、举例、解释、因果关系推断说明文核心专业词汇的含义；③短语含义猜测：说明文中固定搭配、动词短语的语境含义；④同义词替换：考查划线单词的同义替换词，核对说明内容的一致性。 考点 05 代词指代 / 词句含义题 2026：江苏扬州、山东泰安、陕西等2025：四川攀枝花等2024：全国各省市中考卷 1. 命题素材：代词多为 it/they/them/that/this 等，指代内容覆盖文中的说明对象、事物、事件、概念、观点等，词句含义题多为文中的长难句、核心定义句、原理解释句；2. 核心考查内容：①代词指代对象定位：精准找到代词所指代的原文说明对象、名词、概念或句子，区分单复数、指代的逻辑范围；②划线句子含义理解：结合上下文语境、说明对象的核心定义，解读长难句、原理解释句的深层含义；③近义句替换：考查划线句子的同义替换表达，核对说明内容的一致性。 考点 06 篇章结构 / 写作意图题 2026：江苏扬州、云南、黑龙江绥化等2025：四川攀枝花等2024：全国各省市中考卷 1. 命题素材：覆盖文章的开篇方式、段落逻辑关系、全文说明结构、作者的写作目的，素材以科普说明文、事物说明文、事理说明文为主；2. 核心考查内容：①篇章结构分析：判断文章的总分、分总、逻辑递进、时间顺序、并列分述等说明结构，区分段落的作用（开篇引入、定义解释、举例说明、数据支撑、总结全文、转折过渡等）；②写作手法判断：识别举例子、列数字、作比较、打比方、下定义等说明方法，及其在文中的作用；③开篇 / 结尾作用分析：判断文章开头的引入方式、结尾的总结 / 升华作用；④写作意图推断：判断作者写文章的核心目的（科普知识、介绍事物、解释现象、说明事理等）。 考点 07 段落大意题 2026：山东泰安、云南、黑龙江绥化等2025：四川攀枝花等2024：全国各省市中考卷 1. 命题素材：覆盖说明文单个段落的核心说明内容，素材贴合段落的说明方向，以分述说明对象的特征、功能、原理、发展阶段的段落为主；2. 核心考查内容：①段落核心主旨概括：精准定位段落的核心说明句，提炼段落围绕说明对象展开的核心介绍内容；②段落作用分析：判断段落对全文说明的作用，是对说明对象的补充、举例、解释还是延伸；③段落信息筛选：根据题干要求，从指定段落中筛选符合条件的说明信息。 考点2026中考真题 （2026年江苏省扬州市中考英语试题）What if things in your home—your toothbrush, books, desks, even you!—suddenly seemed weightless and began to float? This is what astronauts experience in a space station—microgravity (微重力). Even though the space station and the astronauts inside are in space, Earth’s gravity is still pulling on them, though very weak. Let’s explore the astronauts’ life in space. Though there are some challenges, life in space is a super-fun. Eating and sleeping Need to get from one place to another? Just push off a surface and glide there! Nothing stays put. Imagine turning on a tap. Water would go flying everywhere. Astronauts aren’t allowed to eat anything in the space station that creates crumbs (碎屑). Food crumbs can become a disaster if they get into equipment (设备). That’s why astronauts eat specially prepared meals. There’s no “up” or “down” in space, so astronauts sleep in sleeping bags tied to the wall. Their arms will float in front of them while they sleep. Astronauts have to keep their bodies strong. There’s less stress on bones in space, for gravity is weaker. Muscles (肌肉) aren’t used as much. Their bones and muscles grow weaker. Even astronauts’ hearts can weaken. Every astronaut has to exercise for about two hours a day. Most of the exercise equipment is specially designed to imitate the feel of gravity. Work and play Astronauts spend much of their time working. They do a lot of experiments—from space life science to new spacecraft technologies. Sometimes they do spacewalks to make repairs to the outside of the station. When they have free time, astronauts kick back by reading books and looking down at Earth. 1．According to the text, what may cause danger to the space station? A．Water in special bags. B．Very tiny food pieces. C．Specially prepared meals. D．Sleeping bags tied to the wall. 2．Which of the following should go in the empty box? A．Exercising for a strong heart. B．Moving freely. C．Dealing with space loneliness. D．Staying strong. 3．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Strange changes to astronauts’ bodies in space. B．Astronauts’ fun and challenging life in space. C．How astronauts do experiments in space environments. D．Why astronauts inside the space station can’t stay put. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了宇航员在空间站微重力环境下的生活，包括饮食、睡眠、运动和娱乐等方面的挑战与乐趣。 【详解】1．第三段提到“Food crumbs can become a disaster if they get into equipment.”，食物碎屑可能对空间站造成危险。 1．第四段提到“Every astronaut has to exercise for about two hours a day...”，本段讲太空微重力会让骨骼、肌肉、心脏变虚弱，宇航员每天必须锻炼两小时维持身体强健，因此空框处应填“Staying strong”。 2．全文围绕宇航员在太空中的生活展开，介绍了饮食、睡眠、运动和工作等方面的内容，因此主旨是宇航员在太空中有趣而充满挑战的生活。 （2026年江苏省扬州市中考英语试题）If you want to learn new stories about familiar plants and animals, and discover new species (物种) to plant in your own yard, Nature of Portland, is a must for you. Most of this book is about which plants and animals are natives in Portland (a city in Oregon, USA). Many plants and animals in this book have long made their homes here. In this field guide, filled with local knowledge and humor, LeeAnn Kriegh describes more than 350 plants and animals found within an hour’s ride of Portland, Inside you’ll discover: ● Common and scientific names ● Key details like size, bloom (flowering) time, and months seen ● Local natural history, ecology, stories, and fun facts ● Details on where to find every species ● Beautiful full-color photos of every species Take Western Starflower from the book as an example. Western Starflower (Lysimachia latifolia) Flowers: Late spring to early summer Late spring is a magical time to explore trails in the Portland area, as birds are singing, and colorful blooms are coming out on wildflowers like this one. Western starflower’s pinkish blooms stand out against the backdrop of the plant’s big, broad, deep-green leaves (latifolia translates to “broad-leaved”). A lot of flowers are in the shape of a star, but species like this one win the starflower name because of their thin flower stalks (茎). They make the flowers seem to fly in the air like stars. ID tips: 2-12 inches tall. Look for a whorl of four to seven broadly oval leaves (up to 3.5 inches long) with pointed tips. Up to a few star-shaped pink flowers (up to 0.75 inches wide) bloom on thin flower stalks, each with five to seven pointed petals (花瓣). Locations: Locally common in shady, wet woods, including at Oxbow Regional Park and Powell Butte Nature Park. At the back of the book, you’ll find 10 “treasure hunts” in the Portland area. The species are waiting to be found. Reading about plants and animals is fun, but getting outside to experience and connect with nature is what Nature of Portland is all about. 1．What is Nature of Portland? A．A fun, friendly guide to local plants and animals. B．A photo collection of plants and animals in danger. C．A field guide to the city’s places of interest. D．A book mainly about some famous local landscapes. 2．What does the underlined word “natives” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Animals or plants that live in the sea. B．Animals that kill and eat other animals. C．Animals or plants that live or grow naturally in a place. D．Unusual and exciting plants, especially from other countries. 3．In the table about Western Starflower, what can you get from the Flowers part? A．How tall the flower is. B．How many leaves the flower has. C．Why the flower gets its name. D．Which parks you can visit to see the flower. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To show how to write a book review. B．To tell readers what to expect from the book. C．To give advice on what to grow in your yard. D．To encourage readers to find new local plants. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文介绍《Nature of Portland》这本野外指南书籍，书中收录美国波特兰350多种本土动植物，附有名称、生长特征、栖息地、实拍彩图与趣味自然故事，还设置户外寻宝探索板块，鼓励读者走出户外亲身感受本地自然。 【详解】4．第三段“In this field guide, filled with local knowledge and humor, LeeAnn Kriegh describes more than 350 plants and animals found within an hour’s ride of Portland, Inside you’ll discover”说明这是一本介绍当地动植物的野外指南。 1．第二段“Most of this book is about which plants and animals are natives in Portland (a city in Oregon, USA). Many plants and animals in this book have long made their homes here.”后文说明这类动植物长期在此栖息、自然生长，native即本土原生动植物。 2．花朵板块“A lot of flowers are in the shape of a star, but species like this one win the starflower name because of their thin flower stalks (茎).”讲解它细长花茎让花朵像空中星星，因此得名Starflower，对应得名原因。 3．全文介绍书籍内容、收录物种、包含信息、特色板块、文末寻宝探索活动，目的是向读者介绍这本书包含什么、能收获什么。 （2026年泰安市初中学业水平考试英语试题） Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a very long history. One important part of it is the four methods doctors use: looking, listening and smelling, asking, and feeling the pulse (脉搏). Looking means doctors look at patients with great care. They check the face colour. If the face is yellowish, it might mean there’s a problem with the spleen (脾). The tongue is also important. They look at the tongue coating, how thick it is and its colour. For example, a thick, white tongue coating may show there’s too much dampness (湿气) in the body. Listening and smelling mean two parts. Doctors listen to patients’ voices. Are they weak or strong? They also listen to coughs to see if it’s a dry cough or a cough with phlegm (痰). And they smell patients’ breath and body smell. A bad-smelling breath might mean there are problems with digestion (消化). Asking means that doctors ask patients lots of questions. They want to know about the symptoms (症状) patients have. They also ask about past illnesses, daily habits like how well they sleep and how often they exercise and what they usually eat. This helps doctors understand the patient’s overall (全面的) health condition. Feeling is a skill. Doctors feel patients’ pulses. A fast pulse can mean the body is too hot or the patient is stressed. They also feel parts of the body, like the stomach, to see if there’s any pain or strange lumps. These four diagnostic (诊断的) ways work together. They help doctors find out what illnesses patients have and make good treatment plans. They are a very important part of Chinese medical culture. They show how smart our ancestors were in understanding and treating the human body. 1．What does the underlined phrase “tongue coating” mean in Chinese? A．鼻腔 B．舌苔 C．印记 D．穴位 2．Why do doctors ask patients about eating and sleeping habits? A．To understand patients’ feelings directly. B．To find out patients’ sleeping trouble. C．To check patients’ past serious illnesses. D．To know patients’ health condition better. 3．What can we know from the passage? A．Strong voices show people are in poor health. B．A fast pulse usually means the patient is relaxed. C．People with digestion problems may have bad-smelling breath. D．Traditional Chinese doctors only use one way to check illnesses. 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The good treatment plans of TCM doctors. B．Different kinds of common human physical illnesses. C．The long history of Traditional Chinese Medicine. D．Four diagnostic ways of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中医“望、闻、问、切”四种诊断方法的具体内容和作用。 【详解】8．由第二段“They look at the tongue coating, how thick it is and its colour.”可知，医生观察的是舌头上覆盖的“苔”，且厚度和颜色是观察重点。结合中医常识，“舌苔”是指舌面上的一层苔状物，“tongue coating”对应的正是“舌苔”。 1．由第四段“They also ask about past illnesses, daily habits like how well they sleep and how often they exercise and what they usually eat. This helps doctors understand the patient’s overall health condition.”可知，询问饮食和睡眠习惯是为了全面了解病人的健康状况。 2．由第三段“A bad-smelling breath might mean there are problems with digestion.”可知，口臭可能意味着消化有问题。 3．文章第一段点明主题“the four methods doctors use: looking, listening and smelling, asking, and feeling the pulse.”，随后四段分别介绍望、闻、问、切四种方法，最后总结四种方法协同作用。 （2026年泰安市初中学业水平考试英语试题） Besides golden yellow, can gold show other colors? Can water reach 0℃ without turning into ice? Yes and yes. Welcome to the world of nanogeochemistry (纳米地球化学). Professor Wan works at an institute in Guizhou. He is a leading scientist in this research field. “Nanogeochemistry is a field that bridges nanotechnology (纳米科技) and geochemistry (地球化学),” said Wan. Nanotechnology looks at things as tiny as one-billionth (十亿分之一) of a meter, while geochemistry studies Earth from a chemical point of view. You might think it seems strange to mix these two fields. But Chinese scientists have thought about it since the 1990s, Wan noted. One reason is that high-technology products, especially computers and smartphone chips (芯片), keep getting smaller but more powerful. “Nanogeochemistry tries to understand how tiny things form (形成) and spread on Earth. Among them, particles (粒子) are one to 100 nanometers in size,” Wan said. That is much smaller than a human hair, which is usually 80,000 to 100,000 nanometers wide. In the nanoworld, things act in strange ways because of quantum effects (量子效应). For example, if gold is made just a few nanometers big, it can shine blue, purple or even red. Another example is water. When water is placed inside nano-sized holes, it can stay liquid (液态的) even under -40 ℃. Nanogeochemistry is important for space research. Wan’s team is studying the effects of high-speed impacts (撞击) on space bodies. This might help explain how certain metal nanoparticles formed on the moon, Mars, and so on. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By using famous sayings. 2．What does Nanogeochemistry try to understand according to Paragraphs 2~3? A．How smartphone chips were invented. B．How tiny things form and spread on Earth. C．How nanotechnology makes human hair healthier. D．How geochemistry helps environmental protection. 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Things in the nanoworld act strangely. B．Nanogeochemistry has no use in space research. C．Gold can only shine blue if it is made just a few nanometers big. D．Chinese scientists started studying nanogeochemistry in the 1980s. 4．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Hopeful but Challenging: the Future of Geochemistry B．Small but Powerful: the Importance of Nanogeochemistry C．Stories behind Science: Achievements of Technology in China D．The Beauty of Nature: Amazing Phenomena (现象) of the Nanoworld 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了纳米地球化学这一新兴交叉学科的研究对象、奇特现象及其在太空研究中的应用价值。 【详解】12．根据文章开头“Besides golden yellow, can gold show other colors? Can water reach 0°C without turning into ice? Yes and yes.”可知，作者以两个设问句开篇，引起读者兴趣并引出话题，故采用的是“提问”方式。 1．根据文章第三段“Nanogeochemistry tries to understand how tiny things form and spread on Earth.”可知，纳米地球化学旨在理解微小物质在地球上的形成和扩散过程。 2．根据文章第四段“In the nanoworld, things act in strange ways because of quantum effects.”可知，纳米世界中的物质行为奇特，选项A与此表述一致；选项B与第五段“Nanogeochemistry is important for space research.”矛盾；选项C过于绝对，原文说“can shine blue, purple or even red”；选项D时间错误，原文为“since the 1990s”。 3．全文围绕纳米地球化学展开，介绍了其研究对象（微小粒子）、奇特现象（金变色、水不结冰）以及应用价值（太空研究），强调其虽研究微小事物但意义重大，选项B“Small but Powerful: the Importance of Nanogeochemistry”最能概括主旨。 （2026年湖北省中考英语试题）In ancient China, letters were sent by pigeons and packages (包裹) by horses. Common people could hardly afford it. In 1896, China opened its very first post office. That was the beginning of China’s own postal service. With a small stamp on the cover, people in big cities could send letters and packages. Bikes, ships and trains carried them across mountains and rivers in the country, even abroad. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the postal service grew rapidly. Post offices were set up all around the country. Their services stretched to even the quietest, farthest villages. That made communication much easier for people in every corner of the country. College students could write to their parents in faraway hometowns. Friends and relatives could send packages on festivals to greet each other. Since the 1990s, a new branch (分支) of postal service, the delivery (快递) industry, has also grown rapidly. Take the year 2025 for example. Every second, over 6,000 packages were on the move. Every day, more than 500 million packages were processed and put into trucks. In the whole year, over 180 billion were sent across the country. And the fastest delivery took only several hours! Now, “speed” is no longer the only key word in this industry. Many delivery services have started to go green. Each year, more than 800 million boxes are reused or recycled. Besides, smart packing models are widely used. There’s no doubt that delivery services are smart in our life and friendly to our environment. From pigeons and horses to delivery trucks, China’s postal history shows how this old great nation has developed and progressed. Looking forward, will China’s postal service fly to the moon and other planets in outer space? 1．What happened in 1896 according to the passage? A．Stamps were invented in China. B．China’s first post office was opened. C．People stopped using pigeons and horses. D．Ships and trains began to carry passengers. 2．What does the underlined phrase “stretched to” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Reported. B．Moved. C．Reached. D．Missed. 3．Which can best describe the delivery services according to paragraphs 3&4? A．Faster Greener Smarter. B．Greener Smarter Cheaper. C．Smarter Faster Safer. D．Safer Cheaper Greener. 4．What can we learn from the last sentence of the passage? A．The writer hopes to live on other planets. B．The writer shows interest in space history. C．The writer wants to check the delivery address. D．The writer has confidence in China’s postal service. 5．How does the writer organize the passage? A．In the order of time. B．In the order of space. C．From opinions to facts. D．From reasons to results. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章按时间顺序介绍了中国邮政及快递服务从古代到现代的发展历程及未来展望。 【详解】16．根据第一段“In 1896, China opened its very first post office.”可知，1896年发生的是中国第一家邮局开业。 1．根据第二段“Post offices were set up all around the country. Their services stretched to even the quietest, farthest villages.”可知，此处指服务范围覆盖或到达了偏远村庄，“Reached”（到达）意思最接近。 2．根据第三段“And the fastest delivery took only several hours!”可知，快递更快（Faster）；根据第四段“Many delivery services have started to go green.”可知，更环保（Greener）；根据第四段“smart packing models are widely used.”可知，更智能（Smarter）。 3．根据文章最后一句“Looking forward, will China’s postal service fly to the moon and other planets in outer space?”可知，这是一个基于发展现状提出的展望，暗示了作者对中国邮政服务未来发展的信心和期待。 4．通读全文可知，文章出现了“In ancient China”、“In 1896”、“After the founding...in 1949”、“Since the 1990s”、“Take the year 2025”、“Now”等明显的时间标志词，说明文章是按时间顺序组织的。 （2026年黑龙江省龙东地区中考英语试题）Have you ever heard of BDS (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System 北斗卫星导航系统)? It’s a kind of navigation satellite system made by China. It has been widely used in different fields in the world. In improving daily lives BDS is helpful in our daily lives. When we get lost or drive in a strange city, BDS provides exact directions. Also, when children wear their smartwatches, their parents can check their position anytime and see if they are safe. In farming The technology of BDS is used on modern farms. Many farmers cut and collect crops with the help of automatic (自动化的) driving systems. Farmers also use BeiDou with their animals. They can sit at home and know exactly where their animals are. ▲ When there is an emergency, BDS helps. It sends short messages and information about the position. This means that help can arrive quickly at the place in need. During an earthquake, mobile phones might not work. But BDS still works. It can send short messages of 1,000 characters at a time and can also send voice and pictures. China built the BeiDou system on its own, but it can serve the whole world. Now, more than 120 countries and areas around the world are using the system. The amazing BeiDou is not only China’s BeiDou, it is also the world’s BeiDou. 根据语篇内容选择最佳答案。 1．Choose the best title to fill in the blank “ ▲ ”. A．In dealing with emergencies B．In sending short messages C．In receiving information 2．In which situation can we use BDS? ①When feeding animals.   ②When looking for animals. ③When driving in a strange city.   ④When checking children’s position. A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ 3．Xiaoming is not at home. His mother finds him at the park by checking her mobile phone. Look at the map, the park is to the  ________  of the house. A．west B．north C．northeast 4．What does the underlined word “characters” mean in Paragraph 4? A．性格 B．字符 C．人物 5．Which is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了中国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统在日常生活、农业和紧急情况中的应用，以及其服务全球的现状。 【详解】21．文章第四段指出“When there is an emergency, BDS helps.”，随后举例说明在地震等紧急情况下北斗仍能发送短消息、语音和图片。直接说明该段标题应为“In dealing with emergencies”。 1．文章第二段指出BDS在陌生城市提供精确方向（③）；第二段指出家长可通过智能手表查看孩子位置（④）；第三段指出农民可在家知道牲畜的位置（②）。文中未提到“喂动物”（①）。直接说明②③④正确。 2．图中：房子（house）在中心，公园（park）在房子的右上方，即“东北方向”。故选C。 3．文章第四段指出“It can send short messages of 1,000 characters”，结合“send short messages”可以推断“characters”意为“字符”。 4．文章第一段总述北斗系统已广泛应用，第二、三、四段分别从日常生活、农业、紧急情况三方面具体介绍，第五段总结北斗服务全球。由此推断，文章结构为“总—分—总”。 （2026年黑龙江省龙东地区中考英语试题）There are many traditional cultures in China. All of them have a very long history. Let’s have a look at some of them. Chinese Folk MusicIt has something to do with Chinese old stories. One of the works, Shijing, has some folk songs from 15 different areas. Pipa, erhu and xiao are traditional Chinese musical instruments. WeiqiWeiqi, called “yi” in Chinese history, is a game between two players. It has a history of about 3,000 years. The game is said to be the beginning of chess games. It was introduced to Korea about 2,000 years ago. Chinese HandwritingIt is a special art of Asian culture. Brush handwriting is popular around the world. Wang Xizhi is famous for his handwriting. He made a great difference to the development of regular script (楷书). Chinese PaintingIt is one of the oldest arts in the world. Most of the Chinese paintings in Chinese history were done on paper. They are mainly about mountains and water, people, flowers and birds. The most famous one is about mountains and water. 根据语篇内容选择最佳答案。 1．How many kinds of traditional Chinese cultures are mentioned? A．2. B．3. C．4. 2．When was Weiqi introduced to Korea? A．About 1,000 years ago. B．About 2,000 years ago. C．About 3,000 years ago. 3．From the material, Chinese handwriting ________. A．is the beginning of all arts B．has a history of 3,000 years C．is a special art of Asian culture 4．What is the most famous Chinese painting about? A．Flowers. B．Birds. C．Mountains and water. 5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the material? A．Chinese folk songs in Shijing came from different areas. B．Wang Xizhi made a great difference to Chinese painting. C．Weiqi has something to do with Chinese old stories. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四种中国传统文化：民间音乐、围棋、书法和国画，分别说明了它们的特点和历史。 【详解】26．文章提到了Chinese Folk Music、Weiqi、Chinese Handwriting、Chinese Painting四种传统文化，直接说明文中提到了四种。 1．文章“Weiqi”部分指出“It was introduced to Korea about 2,000 years ago.”，直接说明围棋大约在2000年前传入韩国。 2．文章“Chinese Handwriting”部分指出“It is a special art of Asian culture.”，直接说明中国书法是亚洲文化的一种特殊艺术。 3．文章“Chinese Painting”部分指出“The most famous one is about mountains and water.”，直接说明最著名的国画是关于山水的。 4．文章“Chinese Folk Music”部分指出“Shijing, has some folk songs from 15 different areas.”，直接说明《诗经》中的民歌来自不同地区。 （2026年湖北省武汉市中考英语试题） The ocean covers most of our planet, yet we know very little about it. Our ocean is as mysterious as it is beautiful. In fact, we have better maps of Mars than we do of the ocean floor. Why? Exploring (探索) the ocean is a really hard job. There’s a lot of ocean—about 1.4 billion trillion litres (升). That’s 1,400,000,000,000,000,000,000! ★ . One of their most important goals is to learn about coral reefs (珊瑚礁), which are home to lots of sea plants and animals. Do you know that coral is an animal, not a plant? Tiny animals called polyps (珊瑚虫) build the hard part of the coral as a home to live in. They are called “architects” in the ocean. However, many coral reefs around the world are in danger. That’s where a clever method called “coral gardening” comes in—giving reefs a second chance. Here’s how it works in four steps: First, scientists collect small pieces of coral from coral reefs. Then they break them into even smaller ones—tiny pieces grow faster. After that, they place the pieces in lab-controlled or underwater nurseries (苗圃), where tiny pieces are taken good care of. Finally, once strong enough, they are planted onto rock or man-made reefs so that they can grow on their own. A typical example is the L-shaped Reef. Since 1982, scientists have placed old subway cars into the sea. These strange “homes” have created a huge man-made reef. Now, polyps and fish are moving in! To know more about the ocean, a volunteer, Paul Green started the Big Bag Project in 2025. It calls on beach visitors to help collect information on plastics and water temperature through a bag which is connected with an app. Next time you go to the beach, take a bag, pick up some rubbish, and have a closer connection with the ocean. 1．What does the number in paragraph 1 tell us about the ocean? A．How much salt there is. B．How cold the deep ocean is. C．How large the ocean is. D．How many sea plants there are. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．Some sea animals are making a comeback B．The ocean is full of wonders to be discovered C．But many scientists are taking on this challenge D．So protecting the ocean is everyone’s responsibility 3．What does the underlined word “architects” mean? A．People who build houses. B．Machines that carry things. C．Workers who collect coral. D．Animals that live in the sea. 4．In the picture CORAL GARDENING, what is the third step? A．Breaking. B．Nursing. C．Planting. D．Collecting. 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce the Big Bag Project. B．To show the hidden beauty of the ocean. C．To teach us how to become an ocean biologist. D．To encourage more people to explore the ocean. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海洋的神秘性和探索难度，以及科学家通过“珊瑚园艺”和公众参与的“Big Bag Project”来研究保护海洋的方法。 【详解】31．文章第一段指出“There’s a lot of ocean—about 1.4 billion trillion litres.”，直接说明这个数字告诉我们海洋有多大。 1．文章第一段提到探索海洋是一项艰难的工作，第二段指出“One of their most important goals is to learn about coral reefs”，科学家们的重要目标是了解珊瑚礁。由此推断，空白处应填入“但是许多科学家正在接受这一挑战”来承上启下。 2．文章第四段指出“Tiny animals called polyps build the hard part of the coral as a home to live in. They are called ‘architects’ in the ocean.”，珊瑚虫建造珊瑚的坚硬部分作为居住的家，就像人类建造房屋一样。由此推断，“architects”意为“建造房屋的人”。 3．文章第五段介绍了珊瑚园艺的四个步骤，并结合图片，可知步骤为：收集→破碎→育苗→种植。第三步是“place the pieces in lab-controlled or underwater nurseries, where tiny pieces are taken good care of”，即育苗（nursing）。 4．文章介绍了探索海洋的困难、科学家的努力以及普通人通过Big Bag Project参与保护海洋的方式。由此推断，作者的主要目的是鼓励更多人探索海洋。 （2026年云南省中考英语试题）Desertification (荒漠化) is a difficult problem for the whole world. For many years, Chinese scientists have had rich experience in dealing with desertification in Northwest China. Now they are working to help African countries turn their sandy areas into green ones. China has made great progress through hard work, though it is seriously influenced by desertification. Until November 2024, China built a long wall of trees, which caught the world’s attention. It is 3,046 km long! And China has created 32 million hectares (公顷) of new forest. Chinese scientists shared the technologies with Mauritania, an African country. They introduced different kinds of plants from China and used straw checkerboards to stop sand from moving. They developed new ways to save water for farming. Smart technologies such as robots, drones and sand-blocking systems (阻沙系统) driven by solar panels also helped a lot. The China-Africa Green Technology Park was built in Mauritania. In 2024, the park was an empty land swept by wind and sand. Just one year later, there were grasses, fruits and vegetables. Wang Yongdong, a senior engineer from China, said, “The goal of the park is not only to protect the environment but also to help local people.” So far, China has trained 45 skilled workers and created 120 jobs for the local community. The Mauritanian environment minister (部长) described China as a “very important partner”. To help African countries, Chinese scientists have overcome many difficulties. As a key member fighting against desertification in the world, China promises to keep working and make bigger efforts. Wang said, “We are a community with a shared future. We hope our efforts will show this spirit.” 1．What’s the main idea of paragraph 2? A．The ways of planting trees in China. B．The problems of desertification in China. C．The reason why China helps African countries. D．The progress China has made in fighting against desertification. 2．How did Chinese scientists help Mauritania according to paragraph 3? a. By introducing different kinds of plants.   b. By using straw checkerboards. c. By developing a wind power system.   d. By using robots and drones. A．a, b, c B．a, b, d C．b, c, d D．a, c, d 3．Why was the China-Africa Green Technology Park built? A．To train skilled workers for China. B．To build a robot factory for the local community. C．To protect the environment and help local people. D．To teach more local people how to make solar panels. 4．Where is the text probably from? A．A science magazine. B．A health guide. C．An English dictionary. D．A travel diary. 5．What will China probably do for African countries in the future according to paragraph 5? A．Build some schools for them. B．Help them with space development. C．Offer free fruits and vegetables to them. D．Continue to help them fight against desertification. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了荒漠化是全球性难题，中国治沙成效显著，向毛里塔尼亚输出治沙技术并共建绿色园区，改善当地生态、带动就业，还将持续助力非洲对抗荒漠化。 【详解】36．根据第二段“China has made great progress through hard work...built a long wall of trees...created 32 million hectares of new forest”可知，主要讲述“中国在治理荒漠化方面取得的成就”。对应D选项。 1．根据第三段“They introduced different kinds of plants...used straw checkerboards to stop sand from moving...Smart technologies such as robots, drones...”可知，中国科学家帮助毛里塔尼亚的方式：①引进不同种类的植物(a)；②使用草方格阻止沙移动(b)；③使用机器人和无人机(d)，对应B选项。 2．根据第四段“The goal of the park is not only to protect the environment but also to help local people.”可知，建设中非绿色科技园是为了“保护环境、帮助当地人民”。对应C选项。 3．本文介绍中国在荒漠化治理方面的技术和成就，属于“科技类”内容，最有可能出现在“科学杂志”上。对应A选项。 4．根据第五段“China promises to keep working and make bigger efforts”可知，中国承诺继续努力并做出更大努力，说明中国将“继续帮助非洲国家抗击荒漠化”。对应D选项。 （2026年江苏省扬州市中考英语试题）16 winners from 12 countries were awarded at the 18th Special Book Awards of China held in Beijing in June 2025. Aleksei Rodionov, professor of Chinese studies at Saint Petersburg University, is a winner of the award in translating. This award is the highest national award. It is presented each year to foreign authors, translators, and publishers for their great contributions in promoting Chinese publications and cultural exchanges between China and other countries. “As a sinologist (汉学家) and translator of Chinese literature, this award will encourage me to do more and do better in promoting cultural exchanges between Russia and China,” said the professor. Rodionov said that he feels a special connection with China when he thought about his journey in Chinese literature. “I was born on the Russian-Chinese border. From the moment I was born, I had a connection with China. As someone with a great interest in foreign languages, I naturally chose to learn Chinese. That’s how I started the journey of studying the Chinese language and literature,” he noted. To the professor, translation is, in fact, a very enjoyable task. “Translating Chinese literary (文学的) works is my lifelong calling. It brings me joy and gives my life a deeper sense of purpose,” he said. For decades, Rodionov has long devoted himself to translating and researching Chinese literature, having translated 26 works by Chinese authors such as Lao She. “Literary works are an important gateway to understanding Chinese culture and the Chinese people. They are important bridges that connect our hearts and minds. In Russia, authors like Mo Yan and Yu Hua are very popular,” said the professor. 1．What was Aleksei Rodionov awarded for? A．Translating Chinese literature. B．Studying the Chinese language. C．Teaching Russian in China. D．Publishing a book in Chinese. 2．What do we know about the award? A．It is held in Beijing every three years. B．It is the highest national award in Russia. C．It encourages Chinese writers, translators and publishers. D．It praises foreigners’ efforts in spreading Chinese culture. 3．What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．Rodionov’s research into Chinese literature. B．Rodionov’s understanding of translation. C．Rodionov’s experiences of learning Chinese. D．Rodionov’s findings of Russian readers. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Connected by Literature B．Comparing Cultural Differences C．Rodionov’s Learning Journey in China D．Rodionov’s Exchange Program with China 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述2025年6月第十八届中华图书特殊贡献奖在北京颁奖，俄罗斯汉学家Rodionov获翻译奖。他自幼与中国结缘，深耕中文文学翻译数十年，致力于中俄文化交流。 【详解】41．根据第一段第二句“Aleksei Rodionov...is a winner of the award in translating.”以及倒数第二段“Rodionov has long devoted himself to translating and researching Chinese literature”可知，他获奖是因为“翻译中国文学作品”。 1．根据第二段第二句“It is presented each year to foreign authors, translators, and publishers for their great contributions in promoting Chinese publications and cultural exchanges between China and other countries.”可知，该奖项旨在“赞扬外国人在传播中国文化方面的努力”。 2．第五段主要引用了教授的话，提到“translation is, in fact, a very enjoyable task ”以及“lifelong calling”，因此第五段主要阐述了“他对翻译工作的理解”。 3．文章主要讲述了Rodionov通过翻译中国文学作品获得奖项，并促进了中俄文化交流。最后一段提到“Literary works...are important bridges that connect our hearts and minds.” ，因此选项A“Connected by Literature”最能概括文章关于文学促进文化交流的主题。 （2026年四川省广元市中考英语试题）The possibility of living on Mars is being explored after a study proved the discovery of saltwater lakes below the surface of Mars. Billions of years ago, the climate of Mars was warm and wet and had the possibility for hosting microbial (微生物的) life. Scientists are not 100 percent sure what happened to water on it. One popular general idea is solar (太阳的) wind. According to the idea, the solar wind likely blew away CO2 as well as small drops of water from air on Mars over the past billion years, leaving the planet with only 10 percent of its beginning amount of water today. It is just like when we get our skin wet and there are small drops of water on the surface, the wind will finally dry us off, and the water will be carried away. This is very likely to happen to Mars, causing the surface to become hard and dry. This discovery was made with the help of the European Space Agency’s Mars Express spaceship, which sent out radio waves to the planet’s surface. Scientists decided what material their radio waves met with. The area with the supposed bodies of water had high reflectivity (反射率), which is why scientists believe that water is stored below the surface. With temperatures as low as the average on Mars, water is supposed to be frozen. But scientists think that water on Mars is able to keep a water form because of the high level of the salt—so high that the possibility of active life surviving in such a condition is pretty low. With the salty water and an unsuitable climate, Mars is now not fit to live on. But scientists are still trying to learn more about the life forms that once possibly lived on the planet. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to (指代) in paragraph 2? A．Earth. B．Solar surface. C．Mars. D．Microbial life. 2．Why is the human’s skin mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To explain the great influence of solar wind. B．To provide further information about Mars. C．To stress the importance of water on Mars. D．To suggest keeping skin from getting dry. 3．How did the researchers prove there is water on Mars? A．By sending out the spaceship to Mars. B．By measuring the amount of salt on Mars. C．By checking the materials collected from Mars. D．By noticing the number of reflected radio waves. 4．What do scientists think of the future living on Mars? A．Comfortable. B．Hopeful. C．Disappointed. D．Uncaring. 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．The Exploration of Energy on Mars B．The Situation of Living Things on Mars C．The Explanation of The Climate on Mars D．The Discovery of Saltwater Lakes on Mars 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了‌火星地下咸水湖相关的科学研究与推论，研究证实火星地下存在咸水湖，数十亿年前火星曾温暖宜居，主流观点认为太阳风夺走了火星绝大多数水分，如今靠欧空局探测器的高反射率探测确认了地下储水，但高盐低温环境几乎无法留存生命，当下火星仍不适合居住。 【详解】45．根据第二段前一句“Billions of years ago, the climate of Mars was warm and wet...”可知，科学家不确定的是火星上的水发生了什么，因此代词it指代的是Mars。 1．第三段将火星表面水分流失比作风吹干湿润的皮肤（It is just like when we get our skin wet... the wind will finally dry us off），旨在通过类比生动地解释太阳风（solar wind）对火星水分流失的巨大影响，导致火星表面变得干燥。 2．根据第四段“Scientists decided what material their radio waves met with. The area with the supposed bodies of water had high reflectivity...”可知，科学家是通过发射无线电波并检测其反射率（reflected radio waves）来证明火星表面下存在水的。 3．文章最后一段“With the salty water and an unsuitable climate, Mars is now not fit to live on. But scientists are still trying to learn more about the life forms that once possibly lived on the planet.”提到火星目前不适宜居住，但科学家仍在探索火星宜居的可能性、坚持研究火星，说明对未来人类在火星居住仍抱有希望。 4．文章首段即点明主题“The possibility of living on Mars is being explored after a study proved the discovery of saltwater lakes...”，随后围绕火星咸水湖的发现、成因、探测方法及意义展开，因此“火星咸水湖的发现”是最合适的标题。 （2026年黑龙江省绥化市中考英语试题）根据短文内容，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。请在答题卡上用2B铅笔将你的选项所对应的方框涂黑 Sugar is a sweet thing that is used to cook food and can make drinks sweet. And it is loved by most people. But not all sugar is healthy to us. Naturally produced sugar, for example in fruit, is considered healthy. However, refined (精制的) sugar is not healthy and is added to many processed (加工过的) foods to make them taste better. To people’s surprise, this refined sugar can be found in many delicious foods like bread. Besides that, refined sugar has no value to our health and offers empty calories (卡路里). It also has no fiber (纤维素), unlike the natural sugar in fruit, so it is easy to eat a lot. Too many calories lead to putting on more weight. Too much sugar will also harm our teeth and we even get some diseases in our later life. So what can we do about too much sugar, especially the hidden sugar in our diet? It seems that we can get some help from the government. It should regulate (控制) the amount of sugar that companies can add to foods. Next, schools should tell students about the health problems of eating too much sugar. What’s more, it is necessary for students to eat more vegetables and fruit with less sugar. Although sugar is delicious, it still puts our future health at risk. It is important for young people to know about the danger of eating too much sugar. 1．Why is refined sugar added to many foods? A．To make the foods fresher. B．To make the foods healthier. C．To make the foods more delicious. 2．How is fruit sugar different from refined sugar? A．It has fiber. B．It is processed. C．It’s easy to eat a lot. 3．According to the passage, which of the followings probably has refined sugar? A．Bread & cakes. B．Carrots & onions. C．Bananas & apples. 4．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A．Examples of healthy eating. B．Ways to control sugar in our diet. C．Reasons for adding sugar to many foods. 5．What is important for young people according to the passage? A．Eating no sugar. B．Eating more sugar. C．Eating proper sugar. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了精制糖与天然糖的区别、精制糖对健康的危害，以及如何通过政府、学校和个人努力来控制糖的摄入。 【详解】50．根据第二段第二句“refined sugar is not healthy and is added to many processed foods to make them taste better”（精制糖不健康，被添加到许多加工食品中是为了让它们味道更好）可知，添加精制糖是为了让食物更美味。 1．根据第二段倒数第三句“It also has no fiber, unlike the natural sugar in fruit”（它也没有纤维素，不像水果中的天然糖）可知，精制糖没有纤维素，而水果中的天然糖含有纤维素。 2．根据第二段第三句“this refined sugar can be found in many delicious foods like bread”（这种精制糖可以在许多美味食物中找到，比如面包）可知，面包属于含精制糖的加工食品，蛋糕同理；而胡萝卜、洋葱、香蕉和苹果属于天然蔬果，含天然糖。 3．第三段首句提出“So what can we do about too much sugar...?”（那么对于过多的糖我们能做什么），随后列举了政府监管、学校教育和学生饮食调整等措施，主要讲述的是控制饮食中糖分的方法。 4．文章第二段提到天然糖是健康的，精制糖不健康；最后一段强调年轻人要知道吃太多糖的危险。因此并不是完全不吃糖，也不是多吃糖，而是应该摄入适量且健康的糖，即吃适当的糖（Eating proper sugar）。 （2026年天津市中考英语试题）Scientists are creating robots that can be used in many different areas of life. Recently a new kind of robot which looks like a penguin has been developed. The penguin robot helps scientists get closer to emperor penguins (帝企鹅) to know more about their behaviour (行为). Emperor penguins are famous as shy animals. They usually feel nervous and run away when scientists go towards them. This will cause problems to their hearts. To solve it, a team of scientists created a remote control vehicle (遥控车). This vehicle allowed the scientists to study the penguins from over 200 metres away. It could move up to the penguins slowly and quietly without making them run away. It was also used to help make the documentary (纪录片) March of the Penguins. The scientists still wanted to watch emperor penguins much closer. After trying many times, they developed their latest robot which was like a little grey penguin. It had four black wheels, two black arms and a black-and-white painted face. The wheels were prepared for the robot to walk on the thick snow easily. This new robot didn’t scare (惊吓) the penguins. They even sang songs to welcome the robot and listened for a response. But the penguins were very unhappy when there was no answer. The scientists didn’t programme (编写程序) the penguin robot to make a sound. Next time they will have the robot sing songs. Thanks to the robots, scientists could do much more research on emperor penguins. 1．Why was the penguin robot developed? A．To know about scientists’ heart problems. B．To help scientists walk on the thick snow. C．To learn about emperor penguins’ behaviour. D．To help emperor penguins look for more food. 2．How do emperor penguins feel when scientists go towards them? A．Sad. B．Angry. C．Excited. D．Nervous. 3．What does the word “response” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Plan. B．Answer. C．Lesson. D．Reason. 4．What will the penguin robot do next time according to the passage? A．Sing songs. B．Swim in the sea. C．Take photos. D．Dance on the snow. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．Penguins in the film. B．Penguins in the zoo. C．Robots for daily housework. D．Robots for studying penguins. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文介绍科学家研发企鹅外形机器人，因帝企鹅生性胆小，普通靠近会刺激它们，这款机器人能近距离观察帝企鹅行为，企鹅甚至主动对它鸣叫，未来机器人还将加装发声功能。 【详解】55．原文第一段“The penguin robot helps scientists get closer to emperor penguins to know more about their behaviour.” ，研发企鹅机器人的目的是近距离观察、了解帝企鹅的行为。 1．原文“第二段“They usually feel nervous and run away when scientists go towards them.”，当科学家靠近时，帝企鹅会感到紧张并逃跑。 2．原文第三段“They even sang songs to welcome the robot and listened for a response. But the penguins were very unhappy when there was no answer.”，后文no answer是同义提示，response意为“回应、答复”。 3．原文第三段“Next time they will have the robot sing songs.”，科学家还没给机器人设置发声程序，下一步会让机器人唱歌。 4．全文围绕用来研究帝企鹅的两款机器人展开，讲述研发原因、外形、使用效果和升级计划。选项D能够概括全文。 （2026年四川省凉山彝族自治州中考英语试题）Do you like reading? What’s your favorite book? To share our favorite good books, our class has held a wonderful book-sharing activity recently. Many students are interested in classics. They think classics can give them a good understanding of cultures. Now let’s read some of their reports. PeterThree Hundred Tang Poems This book brings together the finest poems from the Tang Dynasty. It’s a shining example of the Chinese language. Many of the poems interest me a lot, especially some poems that bring out a deep feeling of homesickness. EmmaThe Art of War The book tells that wars should be avoided in the beginning. If a war cannot be avoided, people should fight wisely to reduce harm and waste. For me, the book is also a guide to life that tells me how to deal with my own feelings and thoughts. RoseThe Old Man and the Sea The main character is an old fisherman who hasn’t caught anything for months. One day, he catches a huge fish, and he has to fight for days to kill it. Unluckily, sharks eat the fish on his way home, leaving nothing but bones. It’s a fantastic book and it teaches us not to give up. As Hemingway said, “Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.” LucaOliver Twist It’s a classic social novel by my favorite writer, Charles Dickens. It talks about how poor people live in London. In the story, Oliver is a boy who is always kind to others, even when things are hard. But he’s later forced to steal things. In the end, the bad people are punished, and Oliver has a better life. I love the story, and I’ve already read it twice. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By listing some facts. B．By asking questions. C．By telling us a story. 2．How many students share their favorite books in the passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. 3．Which book brings together the finest poems from the Tang Dynasty? A．Three Hundred Tang Poems. B．The Art of War. C．The Old Man and the Sea. 4．Which of the statements is True according to the book reports above? A．The Art of War tells that wars shouldn’t be avoided. B．Oliver Twist shows how poor people live in London. C．The Old Man and the Sea is about a lazy fisherman. 5．In which part of a magazine can you read the passage? A．Culture. B．Health. C．Environment. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了四位同学在班级读书分享活动中推荐的四本经典书籍及其各自的感悟。 【详解】60．原文第一段“Do you like reading? What’s your favorite book?”，说明作者是通过问问题开始这篇文章的。 1．文中一共有Peter、Emma、Rose、Luca四位学生分享了自己喜爱的书。 2．根据Peter的分享内容“This book brings together the finest poems from the Tang Dynasty.”，《唐诗三百首》汇集了唐代最优秀的诗歌。 3．根据Luca的分享内容“It talks about how poor people live in London.”，《雾都孤儿》讲述了伦敦穷人的生活。 4．本文是经典书籍分享，属于文化内容范畴，和健康、环境无关。 （2026年广西中考英语试题） Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have estimated (估计) that the world may need about 1 billion new homes by 2050. According to a researcher from MIT, if people use wood to make so many homes, more than three times the size of the Amazon rainforest may be cut. The MIT researchers tried to find other materials to take the place of wood to make house parts. And they found recycled plastic could play a role. The MIT team discovered that recycled plastic mixed with bits of glass could be used as a new material to make trusses (桁架)—supports put under floors to make sure that the floors can carry the weight of everything on them. The MIT team wanted to know how much weight the trusses could carry. In a test, they 3D printed four trusses with the new material. Each truss weighed only about 6 kg—lighter than a comparable wooden truss. The team put the four trusses under a wooden floor model and slowly added heavy weights on the floor. Through the test, the team found the four trusses could sustain objects weighing more than 1,800 kg—about the weight of a car. This showed trusses made from the new material were strong enough to be used in house building in America. The finding may benefit house building a lot. It will be much easier to send house parts made from this new material to different places. What’s more, the researchers say it is possible to bring down the cost of making house parts. The researchers hope that one day they can 3D print more house parts with the new material, so that more used plastic could be turned into something useful. 根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。 1．How many new homes may the world need by 2050 according to the MIT researchers? A．About 1 billion. B．About 2 billion. C．About 3 billion. 2．What is the new material made from? A．Recycled plastic and glass. B．Recycled plastic and wood. C．Recycled plastic and stone. 3．What does the underlined word “sustain” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．Increase. B．Avoid. C．Hold. 4．What can we learn about the 3D-printed trusses in the test? A．They were big enough to support house floors. B．They were strong enough for house building. C．They were small enough to be put in a car. 5．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．3D Printing Solves Housing Problems B．Recycled Plastic Finds New Life in Houses C．Recycling Plastic Reduces Environmental Pollution 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述麻省理工学院研究人员预估2050年全球需大量新建住房，若大量使用木材会破坏雨林，团队研发出回收塑料混合玻璃的新型材料3D打印建筑桁架，测试证实其承重达标，该材料还具备运输、成本优势，可回收废旧塑料用于建房。 【详解】65．第一段首句“Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have estimated that the world may need about 1 billion new homes by 2050.”，直接说明到2050年全球大约需要10亿套新建住房。 1．第二段“The MIT team discovered that recycled plastic mixed with bits of glass could be used as a new material to make trusses”，表明新材料由回收塑料和玻璃碎料混合制成。 2．第三段实验描述：团队在地板模型上不断加重物，桁架能够sustain超1800千克的物体，结合后文证明桁架承重合格，该词意为“支撑、承受”，与hold同义。 3．第三段末句“This showed trusses made from the new material were strong enough to be used in house building in America.”，说明3D打印桁架强度足以用于房屋建造，文中未提及尺寸大小、可放进汽车相关内容。 4．全文核心围绕回收塑料搭配玻璃制作建房材料展开，A夸大3D打印作用，C只侧重环保污染未体现建房核心，“Recycled Plastic Finds New Life in Houses”精准概括文章主线，为最佳标题。 （2026年陕西省中考英语试题）Do you like reading? Do you often read English stories, poems, short stories or any other books? As we all know, reading plays a very important role in English learning. It will help build your vocabulary, develop your sense of the English language, and open your mind. However, not all books are proper for you. If you are a beginner who learns English, here are some general rules to choose a book. You should look for books for learners of English. To start with, look for beginning level books: Level 1 or Stage 1. Later, when your English becomes better, you can move on to a higher level. Ask your teacher where to find the books for your level. There may be some in the school or classroom library. You may also find books for learners in bookstores or public libraries. Then, choose a book that interests you. Your teacher and friends may have good ideas. The important thing is to choose a book that you want to read. At the end of this unit, there is a list of books. Before you choose a book, find out if it is proper for you. Follow these steps to preview (预览) it: ● Read the title, back cover and first few pages. What is the book about? Is it interesting? ● Look at the first few pages again. How many words are new for you? > No new words. This book may be too easy for you. > 1~5 new words on each page. This book is the right level for you. > 6 or more new words on each page. This book may be too difficult for you. Note: You may choose from these books, or you may choose different books. 1．How many advantages of reading English books are mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 2．Which paragraph or paragraphs tell(s) us the general rules to choose a book? A．Paragraph 2. B．Paragraphs 2 and 3. C．Paragraph 4. D．Paragraph 4 and the note. 3．According to the passage, the book with ________ new words on each page is proper for Liu Han, an English beginner. A．without any new words B．with 3 or 4 new words C．with 6 new words D．with more than 6 new words 4．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A novel. B．A poem collection. C．A textbook. D．A story book. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了阅读对英语学习的重要性，并为英语初学者提供了选择合适书籍的建议。 【详解】70．第一段指出：“It will help build your vocabulary, develop your sense of the English language, and open your mind.”，共三个好处。 1．第二段和第三段分别从书籍级别“You should look for books for learners of English”（第二段）和兴趣爱好“choose a book that interests you”（第三段）两方面给出了选书的一般规则。 2．“Look at the first few pages again”部分指出：“1~5 new words on each page. This book is the right level for you.”，每页出现1~5个生词为合适的级别，选项3~4个新词属于这个范围。 3．本文是一篇关于如何选书的指导性文章，最可能出自教科书。 （2026年四川省凉山彝族自治州中考英语试题） Around 150 years ago, being in a dark period, China was weak and faced many challenges. During the late Qing Dynasty, the famous leader Li Hongzhang wanted to save the country. He believed China could become strong by learning from developed countries. So he sent many young officers and students to Germany. They studied science, high technology and machine building there. At that time, China was like a hard-working student. German industrial products were highly valued. German experts taught Chinese students scientific methods to use modern weapons and build steel factories. They studied day and night, hoping to bring useful skills back home. Germany was truly their teacher, showing the way forward. Fast to 2026, the world has seen a great change. China has developed quickly in science and technology. So a group of leaders from over 30 German companies visited China. They traveled to Hangzhou to visit a leading Chinese robot company. The German guests watched amazing robot performances. To their surprise, the robots could do many difficult movements like back flips, martial arts routines, and quick turns. Many of them were so excited that they were willing to stay here for learning China’s experience in AI, robots and so on. This shows a clear change. From a learner to a teacher, China has taken a historic step forward in some high-tech fields. 1．What did young officers and students study in Germany about 150 years ago? ① science    ② high technology    ③ AI and robots    ④ machine building A．①②④ B．②③④ C．①③④ 2．Why did the leaders from German companies visit China? A．Because they wanted to enjoy the West Lake in Hangzhou. B．Because they wanted to watch amazing robot performances. C．Because China has developed quickly in science and technology. 3．The robots from the Chinese robot company could ________. A．build modern factories B．do difficult movements C．make industrial products 4．Which one shows the right relationship between the time from 1870s to 2026(x) and the development of China’s science (y) according to the passage? A． B． C． 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．From a Learner to a Teacher B．Science and Technology C．A Teacher or a Worker 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文讲述了中国在科技领域从150年前向德国学习的“学生”，转变为如今在人工智能和机器人等高科技领域被德国企业学习的“老师”的历史性跨越。 【详解】74．根据第一段最后一句“They studied science, high technology and machine building there.”可知，年轻的军官和学生在德国学习的内容有科学、高科技和机器制造，并没有学习人工智能和机器人。 1．根据第三段“China has developed quickly in science and technology. So a group of leaders from over 30 German companies visited China.”可知，德国公司领导人访问中国是因为中国在科技方面发展迅速。 2．根据第四段“To their surprise, the robots could do many difficult movements like back flips, martial arts routines, and quick turns.”可知，中国机器人公司的机器人能做高难度动作。 3．文章讲述了中国从150年前的落后、需要向德国学习，到如今科技迅速发展、德国人来中国学习的转变。这表明从19世纪70年代到2026年，中国的科学发展水平是随着时间的推移不断上升的。图C呈现的是随时间推移不断上升的曲线，符合文意。 4．文章通过对比150年前中国派人去德国学习科技，和如今德国企业领导人来中国学习人工智能和机器人技术，展现了中国在科技领域的角色转变。最后一段“From a learner to a teacher, China has taken a historic step forward in some high-tech fields.”点明了文章主旨。因此，“From a Learner to a Teacher（从学习者到老师）”最适合作为文章标题。 考点2025中考真题 （2025年四川省攀枝花市中考英语真题）Kids are natural inventors. They often create amazing things from simple ideas. Here are a few examples. Popsicles Popsicles were invented by 11-year-old Frank Epperson. One cold winter night in 1905, he forgot his drink with a stick (棒) in it outside. The next day, it turned into ice. Surprisingly, it tasted good! These delicious ice sticks became popular among kids in summer to stay cool. Popsicles are still one of the best summer treats today! Earmuffs Chester Greenwood, who was born in 1858, loved ice-skating, but his ears couldn’t stand the cold. In 1873, after some thinking, Greenwood asked his grandmother to sew fur (缝制毛皮) into two circles and then connect them. The first earmuffs were invented! Soon, they became popular. Wristies 10-year-old Kathryn Gregory created the first pair of Wristies as snow got in her mittens (连指手套) and her hands got wet. Wristies are long gloves with no fingers. When you work in the cold, your hands stay warm while you use your fingers. Kathryn also started a business with her parents’ help. She still runs it today. Braille Louis Braille was blind in both eyes. In 1819, he attended a school for blind children. There, he learned a special reading system. But he found it still hard to write. When he turned 15, he created Braille by making a few changes to a system used by soldiers. Today, people with eye problems still use Braille to read and write. 1．In which season did Frank Epperson invent Popsicles? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter. 2．Why did Chester Greenwood invent earmuffs? A．To make money. B．To keep his ears warm. C．To keep his hands dry. D．To make a gift for his parents. 3．What can we learn about Louis Braille? A．He couldn’t go to school. B．He could only see with his left eye. C．He couldn’t read at school. D．His invention is useful to the blind. 4．Who finished his/her invention at the youngest age? A．Frank Epperson. B．Chester Greenwood. C．Kathryn Gregory. D．Louis Braille. 5．Which of the following is TRUE about the four inventions? A．Wristies were invented to keep ears warm. B．Louis Braille invented the system in 1819. C．Chester got the idea of earmuffs when ice-skating. D．Kathryn started a business with her grandmother’s help. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个由儿童发明的物品，强调了孩子们天生的创造力和发明能力。 【详解】1．第一行提到“One cold winter night in 1905...”，这直接说明了弗兰克·埃珀森是在冬天发明了棒冰。 1．第二行提到“but his ears couldn’t stand the cold. In 1873, after some thinking, Greenwood asked his grandmother to sew fur (缝制毛皮) into two circles and then connect them. The first earmuffs were invented!”，这直接说明了切斯特·格林伍德发明耳罩是为了让耳朵保暖。 2．第四行提到“Today, people with eye problems still use Braille to read and write.”，这直接说明了路易·布莱叶的发明对视力障碍人士很有用。 3．第一行提到“Popsicles were invented by 11-year-old Frank Epperson.”，弗兰克·埃珀森11岁发明棒冰；第二行提到“Chester Greenwood, who was born in 1858...In 1873, after some thinking, Greenwood asked his grandmother to sew fur (缝制毛皮) into two circles and then connect them. The first earmuffs were invented!”，切斯特·格林伍德15岁发明耳罩；第三行提到“10-year-old Kathryn Gregory created the first pair of Wristies...”，凯瑟琳·格雷戈里10岁发明无指长手套；第四行提到“When he turned 15, he created Braille...”，路易·布莱叶15岁发明盲文，综合比较凯瑟琳·格雷戈里发明时年龄最小。 4．第二行提到“Chester Greenwood, who was born in 1858, loved ice-skating, but his ears couldn’t stand the cold. In 1873, after some thinking, Greenwood asked his grandmother to sew fur (缝制毛皮) into two circles and then connect them. The first earmuffs were invented!”，这直接说明了切斯特是在滑冰时有了发明耳罩的想法。 （2025年广东省深圳市中考英语真题）Chimpanzee: Our Closest Relative in the Wild Chimpanzee is the animal most like humans, so studying them in the wild gives scientists insight into the origins of our own social behaviour, our communication, and now, how we care for one another. The wound care of chimpanzees involves various techniques: directly licking the wound to remove debris and potentially adding antibiotic compounds in the saliva; pressing the wound after licking their fingers; patting with leaves; and chewing plant leaves and applying the juice to the wound. These actions show that chimpanzees have a high level of intelligence and social care. Scientists have observed that chimpanzees not only care for their own wounds but also help other group members treat injuries. For example, a young chimpanzee was seen helping an older one clean a deep wound on its arm. This kind of behaviour is similar to human medical care, which surprised many researchers. In a 10-year study in the Congo Basin, Dr. Jane Goodall found that chimpanzees can learn new skills from each other. They can use sticks to get termites from their nests, and this skill is passed down from older chimpanzees to younger ones. This shows that chimpanzees have the ability to learn and teach, just like humans. Dr. Freeman, a primatologist, said, “Chimpanzees’ social behaviour and learning ability remind us that we are not the only intelligent species on Earth. We should respect and protect them.” Due to deforestation and hunting, the number of wild chimpanzees has dropped by 60% in the past 30 years. Scientists are working hard to protect their habitats and stop illegal hunting. 1．Why do scientists study wild chimpanzees? A．Because they are easy to catch and raise in zoos. B．Because they can help scientists develop new medicines. C．Because they are humans’ closest relatives and reveal human evolution. D．Because they have a simple social structure that is easy to research. 2．Which is NOT a wound care technique of chimpanzees? A．Licking the wound to remove debris. B．Pressing the wound after licking fingers. C．Using man-made medicine to treat wounds. D．Patting the wound with leaves. 3．What does the example of the young chimpanzee helping the older one show? A．Chimpanzees have social care for group members. B．Chimpanzees only care about their own wounds. C．Young chimpanzees are better at wound care than older ones. D．Chimpanzees’ wounds are usually caused by fighting. 4．What ability of chimpanzees is shown in Dr. Goodall’s study? A．They can learn new skills from each other. B．They can talk with humans through gestures. C．They can make tools to hunt large animals. D．They can predict natural disasters. 5．What does Dr. Freeman mean by his words? A．Chimpanzees are more intelligent than humans. B．Humans should protect chimpanzees and their habitats. C．Chimpanzees will soon disappear from the wild. D．Learning from chimpanzees can improve human medical care. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了黑猩猩作为人类在野外最亲近的物种，其伤口护理、互助行为、学习与传授技能的能力，以及它们面临的生存危机和保护呼吁。 【详解】6．第一段“Chimpanzee is the animal most like humans, so studying them in the wild gives scientists insight into the origins of our own social behaviour, our communication, and now, how we care for one another.”说明黑猩猩是与人类最相似的动物，研究它们能帮助科学家了解人类社会行为、交流等的起源，揭示人类进化相关的信息。 1．第二段“directly licking the wound to remove debris and potentially adding antibiotic compounds in the saliva; pressing the wound after licking their fingers; patting with leaves; and chewing plant leaves and applying the juice to the wound.”说明黑猩猩的伤口护理技术包括舔舐伤口、按压伤口、用叶子拍打、咀嚼植物叶子敷汁液，并未提及使用人造药物。 2．第三段“Scientists have observed that chimpanzees not only care for their own wounds but also help other group members treat injuries. For example, a young chimpanzee was seen helping an older one clean a deep wound on its arm. This kind of behaviour is similar to human medical care”说明年轻黑猩猩帮助年长黑猩猩处理伤口的例子，体现了黑猩猩对群体成员的社会关怀。 3．第四段“Dr. Jane Goodall found that chimpanzees can learn new skills from each other.”说明黑猩猩能够互相学习新技能。 4．最后一段“‘Chimpanzees’ social behaviour and learning ability remind us that we are not the only intelligent species on Earth. We should respect and protect them.’ ... Scientists are working hard to protect their habitats and stop illegal hunting.”表明，Freeman博士的话意在呼吁人类尊重并保护黑猩猩及其栖息地。 （2025年四川省宜宾市中考英语真题）Do you know potatoes can be turned into rice? In Yunnan, China, a factory makes special rice from potatoes. The factory uses new technology to change potatoes into small rice-like pieces. China is one of the largest potato producers in the world. Potatoes, as well as wheat, rice and corn, are among the most important crops in China. However, potatoes have much water inside. If the correct ways can’t be found to keep them, they will go bad easily. It leads to tons of waste. Potato rice technology can help keep potatoes longer and reduce waste. There are many advantages of potato rice. First, it keeps 90% of potato nutrition (营养) and has 27% more protein (蛋白质) than normal rice. Second, it hardly raises blood sugar. Speaking of buying rice, it is usually the first choice for people who want to control their blood sugar. What’s more, it’s easy to cook because there is no need to wash it. When people cook it, they can use less water. Potato rice cooks faster than normal rice. However, every coin has two sides. Although potato rice has entered the market, it still has a long way to go. Potato rice is much more expensive than normal rice because the factory needs 2.5 tons of potatoes to produce 1 ton of potato rice. It costs 33 yuan every kilo, but normal rice costs only 4-6 yuan every kilo. Experts say that future research will pay more attention to reducing the costs and improving the taste. 1．What is the special rice made from? A．Wheat. B．Potatoes. C．Tomatoes. D．Corn. 2．Who will most probably buy potato rice according to the passage? A．People who are losing weight. B．People with high blood sugar. C．People who like eating potatoes. D．People with good cooking skills. 3．How is potato rice different from normal rice? A．It is cheaper. B．It needn’t be washed. C．It has 90% more protein. D．It needs more water when cooking. 4．What will future research pay attention to? A．The sugar. B．The protein. C．The cooking time. D．The costs and taste. 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To learn about a factory in Yunnan. B．To talk about the price of potato rice. C．To introduce a new kind of healthy food. D．To teach people how to cook potato rice. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国云南一家工厂用土豆制成的特殊大米，包括其制作原因、优点、缺点以及未来研究方向，最后强调了这是一种新的健康食品。 1．第一段提到“In Yunnan, China, a factory makes special rice from potatoes.”，这直接说明了特殊的大米是由土豆制成的。 2．第三段提到“Speaking of buying rice, it is usually the first choice for people who want to control their blood sugar.”，这直接说明了高血糖的人最有可能购买土豆大米。 3．第三段提到“What’s more, it’s easy to cook because there is no need to wash it.”，这直接说明了土豆大米与普通大米不同之处在于它不需要洗。 4．最后一段提到“Experts say that future research will pay more attention to reducing the costs and making the taste better.”，这直接说明了未来研究将关注成本和口味。 5．文章主要介绍了土豆大米这种新的健康食品，所以本文的主要目的是介绍一种新的健康食品。 （2025年四川省绵阳市中考英语真题）Sometimes animals are so badly injured that common medicine cannot help them. However, animal lovers can still come to save them. In Brazil, a group of them use their knowledge of medicine and computer technology to create man-made body parts for those injured animals. The technology is called three-dimensional (3D) printing, which can create all kinds of objects from a cup to a toy truck. It takes a lot of plastic. Now, a Canadian company has solved this problem. It has invented the ProtoCycler, which can turn waste plastic, such as bottles, into plastic that can be used in a 3D printer. Last year, the Brazil team used 3D printing to help a poor tortoise (陆龟), Freddy. A forest fire had burned 85% of her shell, the hardest part of her back. In other words, her shell was nearly gone. The whole team worked together to give her another chance at life. First, they took photos of Freddy and of a healthy tortoise with a complete shell. Then, they used a computer program to design a new shell that would fit her exactly. A 3D printer created the new plastic shell. After that, the finished shell was attached to (贴附于) Freddy’s body. The new shell fit well, but the white plastic did not have a natural look. Later, an artist painted the shell so that it looked like a real one. The results were very fantastic. Freddy now lives with the people who helped save her life. 1．What do we know about the ProtoCycler? A．It is a plastic toy. B．It takes a lot of plastic. C．It is a new 3D printer. D．It makes waste plastic useful. 2．What brought the Brazil team together? A．Purpose of saving. B．Need for research. C．Interest in science. D．Thought on testing. 3．Which is the correct order of helping Freddy? ①printing  ②painting  ③attaching  ④designing  ⑤photographing A．④⑤①③② B．⑤④①③② C．④⑤②③① D．⑤④②③① 4．Which of the following best describes the team’s work? A．Simple. B．Awful. C．Satisfying. D．Traditional. 5．What is the best title of this passage? A．3D Printing Does Good to People B．3D Printing Turns Waste into Treasure C．A Canadian Company Invents 3D Printing D．A Tortoise Gets a New Life with 3D Printing 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了巴西一群动物爱好者利用3D打印技术为受伤动物制作人造身体部位来拯救它们，加拿大公司发明的ProtoCycler能将废塑料转化为可用于3D打印机的塑料，还讲述了巴西团队用3D打印技术帮助一只受伤陆龟Freddy重获新生的故事。 【详解】16．细节理解题。根据“It has invented the ProtoCycler, which can turn waste plastic, such as bottles, into plastic that can be used in a 3D printer.”可知，ProtoCycler能把废塑料，比如瓶子，变成可用于3D打印机的塑料，也就是让废塑料变得有用。故选D。 1．推理判断题。根据“In Brazil, a group of them use their knowledge of medicine and computer technology to create man-made body parts for those injured animals.”以及后文讲述的巴西团队帮助陆龟Freddy的事情可知，这群动物爱好者是因为拯救受伤动物这个目的而聚集在一起的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“First, they took photos of Freddy and of a healthy tortoise with a complete shell. Then, they used a computer program to design a new shell that would fit her exactly. A 3D printer created the new plastic shell. After that, the finished shell was attached to (贴附于) Freddy’s body. The new shell fit well, but the white plastic did not have a natural look. Later, an artist painted the shell so that it looked like a real one.”可知他们首先拍照，然后使用计算机程序设计了一个能完美贴合弗雷迪的新龟壳，3D打印机制作出了这个新的塑料龟壳，之后，将制作好的龟壳贴附于弗雷迪的身体上，后来，一位艺术家为龟壳上色。正确顺序是⑤④①③②。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“The new shell fit well, but the white plastic did not have a natural look. Later, an artist painted the shell so that it looked like a real one. The results were very fantastic. Freddy now lives with the people who helped save her life.”可知，新壳很合适，经过上色后看起来像真的，结果很棒，Freddy现在和拯救它生命的人生活在一起，说明团队的工作是令人满意的。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。文章主要围绕巴西团队用3D打印技术帮助受伤陆龟Freddy获得新壳，重获新生展开，D选项“A Tortoise Gets a New Life with 3D Printing”符合文章主旨。故选D。 （2025年西藏自治区中考英语真题） Every year, all the schools in China carry out fire drills (消防演练). The purpose is to make students pay more attention to fire safety. Fire drill is a common practice of what people must do in order to escape safely from a fire in a building. A fire extinguisher is a metal container with water or chemicals inside for putting out small fires. Do you know how to use the fire extinguisher in the picture? Here are some steps. ·Find an extinguisher that is close to you. ·Shake it after picking up the extinguisher. ·Pull off the safety pin quickly. ·Point the tube at the root of the fire. ·Press down on the handle until you put out the fire. *Notice: When using the fire extinguisher, please be careful enough not to get hurt. 1．The purpose of fire drills is to make students pay more attention to ________. A．water safety B．fire safety C．traffic safety D．medicine safety 2．What does the underlined word “escape” mean in Paragraph 1? A．逃出 B．忽略 C．泄露 D．消遣 3．What’s in a fire extinguisher? A．Oil or chemicals. B．Water or sand C．Water or chemicals D．Sand or oil 4．How many steps are talked about in the passage? A．Seven. B．Six. C．Five. D．Four. 5．According to the passage, what will you do first after getting the fire extinguisher? A．Find it. B．Shake it. C．Pull off the safety pin. D．Press down on the handle. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了中国学校每年开展消防演练的目的，并详细说明了灭火器的使用方法及注意事项。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据第1段“The purpose is to make students pay more attention to fire safety.”可知，消防演练的目的是让学生更关注消防安全。故选B。 1．词句猜测题。根据第1段“Fire drill is a common practice of what people must do in order to escape safely from a fire in a building.”可知，消防演习是为了确保人们可以从火灾中安全“逃出”，所以划线单词表示“逃出”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第2段“A fire extinguisher is a metal container with water or chemicals inside for putting out small fires.”可知，灭火器内装的是水或化学物质。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“·Find an extinguisher that is close to you. ·Shake it after picking up the extinguisher. ·Pull off the safety pin quickly. ·Point the tube at the root of the fire. ·Press down on the handle until you put out the fire.”可知，文中列举了使用灭火器的5个步骤：找到灭火器、摇晃、拔掉安全销、对准火源根部、按压把手。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据步骤“Shake it after picking up the extinguisher.”可知，拿到灭火器后应先摇晃。故选B。 （2025年山东省济南市中考英语真题）Construction (建筑) is one of the biggest users of energy and one of the biggest polluters. According to AI Magazine, construction is responsible for using 38% of world energy. The building part alone takes up almost 55% of final energy use and 33% of greenhouse gases. It’s also well known that steel produces too much material waste in building construction. Because of this big challenge, the future of sustainable (可持续的) construction may lie with AI. AI is able to study building efficiency (效率) performance by grouping data to find the best chances for sustainable material usage. With a tool like AI, the future of sustainable construction could progress much faster than in the past. Besides, AI helps architects (建筑师) work with new tools and sustainable materials to create our better buildings and cities of the future. For example, construction 3D printing guided by AI can offer better choices for building materials to save money, and map out how construction materials could be recycled. In a professional article, AI is praised as a tool for sustainable construction, “In recent years, AI has become a promising tool for construction. AI can examine a large number of data sets on weather conditions and help to make full use of building systems for energy efficiency, water protection and other goals.” AI can be used to speed up the future of sustainable construction to set standards for the industry, and make construction more efficient and affordable. Like any other computer, AI is a tool that is particularly good at studying data sets, but for the moment it still requires smart and ethical (有道德的) human beings to lead its work. All of that has to be done with respect for humans, so it’s really up to us to make it work. 1．How is paragraph 1 developed? A．By listing numbers. B．By telling stories. C．By expressing feelings. D．By making comparisons. 2．How can AI help architects? A．Produce sustainable steel. B．Draw maps of dream cities. C．Invent recyclable 3D printers. D．Choose sustainable materials. 3．Which best explains the underlined word “promising” in paragraph 3? A．Facing challenges. B．Needing improving. C．Taking years to grow. D．Having a bright future. 4．What does the writer suggest in the last paragraph? A．It’s difficult to develop AI. B．Humans’ future depends on AI. C．It’s humans’ duty to guide AI. D．Humans and AI should work together. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．AI recycles construction wastes. B．AI may take the place of architects. C．AI helps sustainable construction. D．AI speeds sustainable development. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍人工智能在建筑业的应用。 【详解】26．细节理解题。根据“According to AI Magazine, construction is responsible for using 38% of world energy. The building part alone takes up almost 55% of final energy use and 33% of greenhouse gases.”可知，第一段通过具体数据（如38%、55%、33%）说明建筑业在能源消耗和污染方面的严重性，故选A。 1．细节理解题。根据“AI is able to study building efficiency (效率) performance by grouping data to find the best chances for sustainable material usage.”可知，人工智能能够通过对数据进行分类分析来研究建筑的能效表现，从而找到最有利于可持续材料使用的最佳方案。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“In recent years, AI has become a promising tool for construction. AI can examine a large number of data sets on weather conditions and help to make full use of building systems for energy efficiency, water protection and other goals.”可知，人工智能能够分析大量有关天气状况的数据，并有助于充分利用建筑系统以实现节能、节水等目标。所以是极具前景，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“Like any other computer, AI is a tool that is particularly good at studying data sets, but for the moment it still requires smart and ethical (有道德的) human beings to lead its work. All of that has to be done with respect for humans, so it’s really up to us to make it work.”可知，就像其他任何计算机一样，人工智能也是一种特别擅长处理数据集的工具，但目前它仍需要聪明且有道德意识的人类来引领其工作。所有这些工作都必须以尊重人类为前提，所以实际上要让其发挥作用，还得靠我们自己。由此可知，作者认为引导人工智能是人类的职责所在。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍人工智能在建筑业的应用，选项C“人工智能助力可持续建筑”符合主题，故选C。 （2025年黑龙江省大庆市中考英语真题）China has made some changes in its food labels (标签) recently and three of them have become a heated topic. To begin with, the government requires food labels should be made easier and clearer to read. Information, such as sugar, salt and unhealthy fats in their products, should be clearly included on the label. By doing so, the government hopes this will encourage healthier eating habits among people. At the same time, it is required that common allergens (过敏原) should be included on the label as well, which will possibly help people avoid risks. Another new requirement is that labels such as “no additives (添加剂)” or “zero additives” should no longer be allowed. The government says labels like these have already led shoppers to believe that a product is healthy when it is in fact not. Take a famous food company as an example. In order to increase sales, the label “zero additives” was added to its products, proving there were no harmful things. However, recently the label has been questioned. Tests have found small amounts of harmful additives in its products. Many people came to believe the “zero” label was just a marketing lie. The use of digital labels is also worth noticing. Companies are being advised to have QR codes (二维码) included on food labels. This allows customers to get more information about the product. This is helpful for people who want to learn more about what they are eating. More than 400 products have already used this smart labeling system. Food safety has always been among top cares for every Chinese. By making these changes in food labels, China hopes to help people make healthier and safer food choices. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Food producers refuse changes in food labels. B．Food labels are required to be easier and clearer. C．Healthier eating habits will encourage clearer labels. D．Changes in food labels are mainly about common allergens. 2．Why is a food company mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To introduce the food company to shoppers. B．To show the food company’s changes in food labels. C．To prove that some labels can wrongly lead shoppers. D．To compare “zero additives” labels with digital ones. 3．How does the writer develop the text? (P1 stands for paragraph 1.) A． B． C． D． 4．In which part of a magazine can we probably read the text? A．Food and health. B．Medical research. C．Technology progress. D．Language and literature. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要讨论食品安全和健康问题，旨在帮助人们做出更健康、更安全的食品选择。 【详解】31．细节理解题。根据“To begin with, the government requires food labels should be made easier and clearer to read.”可知，政府要求食品标签应设计得更简洁、更易于阅读。故选B。 1．推理判断题。根据“The government says labels like these have already led shoppers to believe that a product is healthy when it is in fact not.”可知，第三段提到某公司为吸引顾客而印上“零添加剂”字样，却被检测出含有少量有害添加剂，说明这类标签可能误导消费者。故选C。 2．篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，第一段总述话题，第二至四段分别阐述三项具体变化，第五段进行总结。故选B。 3．推理判断题。文章围绕食品安全和健康展开，最可能出现在与“食物与健康”相关的板块，故选A。 （2025年黑龙江省大庆市中考英语真题） We Chinese people celebrate Arbor Day (a festival for tree planting) every year on March 12. It brings us closer to each other and to the wonders of nature. Many other countries also celebrate trees with festivals and holidays. But as you will see, not all of them fall in spring. PeruYunsa is a celebration of new life at the end of the local carnival (狂欢节). Couples take turns dancing around a small tree. After that, they cut it down. This stands for a new beginning. Following an ancient tradition, people then plant a young tree in the place of the old one. The United KingdomThe British celebrate National Tree Week at the start of the tree-planting season in November. They also celebrate National Tree Dressing Day on the first weekend in December. On that day, they have something beautiful and special hung in the trees. MoroccoThousands of trees in the town of Tafraoute produce many of Morocco’s almonds (杏仁). To celebrate this natural gift, Tafraoute hosts the Almond Blossom Festival every year. The date of the event depends on when the trees flower. People dance, sing and tell stories until late into the night. IsraelTu BiShvat is known to people in Israel. It means “New Year of the Trees”. This festival is usually celebrated with a meal in January or February. Tree plantings are held in schools and homes. The celebration usually begins at sunset and lasts till the following day. Many people also make donations (捐赠) to organizations that work to plant trees in Israel. 1．When do we Chinese celebrate Arbor Day? A．On March 12. B．On March 20. C．On April 12. D．On April 15. 2．Which countries celebrate tree festivals with dancing? A．Peru and Morocco. B．Israel and Morocco. C．Peru and the United Kingdom. D．The United Kingdom and Israel. 3．What do people do in Israel for the tree festival? A．They celebrate a natural gift—almonds. B．They cut trees down and plant new ones. C．They make the trees beautiful with something special. D．They have a meal and make donations to organizations. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文主要介绍几个国家庆祝树木的节日的情况。 【详解】35．细节理解题。根据“We Chinese people celebrate Arbor Day (a festival for tree planting) every year on March 12.”可知，我们中国人每年都会在3月12日庆祝植树节。故选A。 1．细节理解题。根据“Peru ... Couples take turns dancing around a small tree.”和“Morocco ... People dance, sing and tell stories until late into the night.”可知，秘鲁人会围着小树跳舞，摩洛哥人在杏花节上也会跳舞。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Israel ... This festival is usually celebrated with a meal in January or February. Tree plantings are held in schools and homes. The celebration usually begins at sunset and lasts till the following day. Many people also make donations (捐赠) to organizations that work to plant trees in Israel.”可知，以色列的树木新年里，人们会一起用餐，还会向植树组织捐款。故选D。 （2025年江苏省徐州市中考真题英语试题）On a Monday morning in Amsterdam, the work day began as usual for Jim. When finishing his coffee, Jim checked text messages on his phone. Then, he got his bag and went to the nearest railway station. He wasn’t there to take the train, though. Instead, Jim chose one of the public bicycles lined up outside the station. After unlocking a bike with a smart card, he set out for his job on the other side of the city. He joined other cyclists in the bike lanes (道), safely separated from car traffic. Amsterdam wasn’t always bicycle friendly. In fact, cycling used to be dangerous, especially during the second half of the twentieth century. This was a time of rapid growth in Amsterdam. As people got richer, they were able to afford expensive goods such as cars. For the first time, driving became popular. Highways were built for cars. This meant there was less space for cyclists. Having had a long tradition of cycling, this was a big change for the city. As car traffic increased, so did the number of biking accidents. Many of the cyclists were children. People in Amsterdam were angry. They organized protests (抗议) in the city streets. Government officers listened. Hoping to solve the problem quickly, they started to think of ways to make the city safe for cyclists again. Soon there were separate bike lanes, and some areas were closed to cars forever. The changes were so effective (有效的) that today Amsterdam is a model of biking safety for other cities around the world. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By comparing two places. B．By describing a scene. C．By answering a question. D．By listing a number. 2．Why did Jim go to the nearest railway station on work day morning? A．To work there. B．To take the train. C．To see a friend. D．To ride a bike. 3．What does the passage tell about Amsterdam? A．It has no highways for cars. B．It is always bicycle friendly. C．It seldom sees changes. D．It is famous for biking safety. 4．What type of book is the passage probably taken from? A．Science fiction. B．Romantic novel. C．City culture. D．Detective story. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹这座城市中自行车文化的发展变化。 【详解】38．细节理解题。根据“On a Monday morning in Amsterdam, the work day began as usual for Jim. When finishing his coffee, Jim checked text messages on his phone. Then, he got his bag and went to the nearest railway station.”可知，作者是通过描述一个场景来开始这篇文章的。故选B。 1．细节理解题。根据“He wasn’t there to take the train, though. Instead, Jim chose one of the public bicycles lined up outside the station. After unlocking a bike with a smart card, he set out for his job on the other side of the city.”可知，吉姆去最近的火车站不是为了坐火车，而是为了骑公共自行车去城市另一边工作。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“The changes were so effective (有效的) that today Amsterdam is a model of biking safety for other cities around the world.”可知，阿姆斯特丹如今是世界其他城市自行车安全方面的典范，即它以自行车安全而闻名。故选D。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了城市中自行车文化的发展变化，因此这篇文章可能摘自“城市文化”这类的书，故选C。 （2025年青海省中考英语真题）Different countries have different customs about gifts. As an exchange student (交换生) studying in China, I’ve known more interesting differences from my country, the UK. For example, people often give fruits and milk to their friends and relatives in China. In my country, they are usually for patients in hospitals. More western people open their gifts at once, although not in places like Germany. It’s also important to take off the price tag (标签) before giving the gift. What will you do if you don’t like your gift? In Spain, in order not to hurt the person’s feelings, you still need to say you love the gift. But if there is the receipt (收据) inside the gift, that means you can change it for something else. Please remember: The thought is more valuable than the size or the price of the gift. 1．Where does the exchange student come from? A．Spain. B．The UK. C．Germany. 2．What will German do when they receive a gift? A．They will not open it right away. B．They will take off the price tag. C．They will open it right away. 3．Although the Spanish don’t love the gift, why do they still say they love it? A．To give it to others. B．To care for the person’s feelings. C．To change it for something else. 4．According to the passage, what is the most valuable of a gift? A．The size. B．The price. C．The thought. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Different Gift Customs. B．An Exchange Student’s Life. C．An Expensive Gift. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文通过一位英国交换生的视角，对比了中西方在礼物习俗上的文化差异，包括礼物类型、拆礼物习惯及对待不喜欢礼物的处理方式等。 【详解】42．细节理解题。根据“As an exchange student (交换生)…from my country, the UK”可知，交换生来自英国。故选B。 1．细节理解题。根据“More western people open their gifts at once, although not in places like Germany”可知，德国人收到礼物时不会立刻拆开。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“In Spain, in order not to hurt the person’s feelings, you still need to say you love the gift.”可知，西班牙人是为了照顾对方感受才说喜欢礼物。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“The thought is more valuable than the size or the price”可知，礼物的心意最重要。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕各国礼物习俗差异展开，如中英礼物类型对比、德国/西班牙的不同习惯等，选项A“不同的礼物习俗”符合。故选A。 （2025年湖北省武汉市中考英语真题）Do you know the five main senses we have? They are touch, taste, sight, smell and hearing. They are controlled by different parts of our brains. So we call the brain our built-in “BeiDou”. Brains help our bodies work smoothly. Try this: close your eyes and touch your nose. It’s easy, right? That’s because our brains can receive messages about where our body parts are. We can also stand on one leg without falling down. If we lose our balance, our brains will give us orders to fix it. ★ . Tests show that people see spider pictures faster than flowers. Some researchers also found that people react (作出反应) to loud noises faster than to a friend’s voice. Scientists aren’t completely sure about the reasons. Some suggest that this skill might come from ancient times. Our ancestors were often faced with predators. So they had to protect themselves from dangerous animals like spiders and tigers, or they would lose their lives. Until today, we still jump at sudden noises or shadows (影子) in dark rooms. Here is more about brains. Can you imagine seeing colors when you hear music, or tasting candy when you see the sunshine? It’s called sense mixing. Scientists think this happens when different senses intermingle (相互交织). Another fact is that temperature sometimes influences our senses. Some people can feel storms coming through knee pain. So we often joke that we’re “human weather apps”. Also, our brains are able to make adjustment (调整) to some senses. If someone can’t see well, his hearing or touch might become stronger. Though scientists have done much research on the brain, there’s still a lot to do. Have you ever wondered why some people are better at sports? What’s the secret to improving memory? Then it’s time for you to start your discovering journey. 1．What do the two examples in the first paragraph show? A．Brains help our bodies work well. B．Human brains are different. C．Humans can touch their noses easily. D．People have many living habits. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．It’s fun to study our ancestors’ life B．It’s easy to learn about senses C．Animals help people in many ways D．Brains are also life-saving heroes 3．Which animal in the following pictures is probably a “predator”? A． B． C． D． 4．According to paragraph 3, what might happen if your senses mix? A．You can tie your shoes without looking. B．You taste sweetness when seeing an apple. C．You jump when someone shouts suddenly. D．You feel pain in your knees before the rain comes. 5．What is the writing purpose of the last paragraph? A．To improve people’s memory. B．To encourage brain studies. C．To show the value of our brains. D．To admire scientists’ efforts. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类大脑的多种功能及其对感官的调控作用。 【详解】47．细节理解题。根据“Brains help our bodies work smoothly. Try this: close your eyes and touch your nose. It’s easy, right? That’s because our brains can receive messages about where our body parts are. We can also stand on one leg without falling down. If we lose our balance, our brains will give us orders to fix it.”可知，第一段中的两个例子表明大脑帮助我们的身体正常工作。故选A。 1．推理判断题。根据“Tests show that people see spider pictures faster than flowers. Some researchers also found that people react to loud noises faster than to a friend’s voice. Scientists aren’t completely sure about the reasons. Some suggest that this skill might come from ancient times. Our ancestors were often faced with predators. So they had to protect themselves from dangerous animals like spiders and tigers, or they would lose their lives.”可知，此段主要讲大脑在面对危险时能快速做出反应，保护我们的生命，所以选项D“大脑也是救命英雄”可以放在★处，作为此段的主题句。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Some suggest that this skill might come from ancient times. Our ancestors were often faced with predators. So they had to protect themselves from dangerous animals like spiders and tigers, or they would lose their lives.”可知，祖先常常面临捕食者，所以他们必须保护自己免受蜘蛛和老虎等危险动物的伤害，否则就会丧命。由此可推测出，捕食者指的是危险动物，会捕食其他动物。选项A老虎符合题意。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Can you imagine seeing colors when you hear music, or tasting candy when you see the sunshine? It’s called sense mixing.”可知，感官混合是指当你听到音乐时能看到颜色，或者当你看到阳光时能尝到糖果的味道。因此，如果你的感官混合了，你可能会在看到苹果时尝到甜味。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Though scientists have done much research on the brain, there’s still a lot to do. Have you ever wondered why some people are better at sports? What’s the secret to improving memory? Then it’s time for you to start your discovering journey.”可知，最后一段的写作目的是鼓励读者继续探索大脑的奥秘，进行大脑研究。故选B。 （2025年吉林省长春市中考英语真题）①You may wonder how you can find beauty in the place you’ve known so well. People usually think only by going to places far away can they feel that. In fact, what you need to do is to explore (探索) with fresh eyes. ②Imagining yourself as a guide is a good way. Where will you suggest visitors go if they come to Changchun? You can find some good places by answering it. A good option is a museum of cars, where you can learn about the history of the car industry, and know the development of different brands of cars. ③To find changes in your city, you can look up some information online. You may find Beijing West Street, which is a new cultural landmark in Changchun. It has become a hot topic. It used to be a common street. The buildings there have been rebuilt. Many drama festivals, street art shows and fairs of cultural products are held. The minute you arrive, you will be shocked by a rush of fresh energy in the busy air. ④Going somewhere in person and watching, you will get something unexpected. When you visit Jingyue National Forest Park, nature seems the only thing to enjoy. But surprisingly, you’ll also find so many people doing different outdoor activities, like walking, riding and camping. The beautiful scenes of human and nature will be printed in your mind, inspiring you to try something fantastic in no time. ⑤Exploring your city in a different light, you can know more about its history, culture and development. You will fall in love with where you live hundreds of times with a pair of admiring eyes. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．How can people feel beauty in the place they’ve known well? A．By driving a car. B．By imagining the future. C．By drawing pictures. D．By learning about it with fresh eyes. 2．What does the underlined word “option” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Rule. B．Business. C．Choice. D．Sign. 3．Where can people get the information about street art shows? A．In the park. B．On the Internet. C．In the museum. D．On the radio. 4．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2, ... ) A． B． C． D． 5．What is probably the best title (标题) for this passage? A．Finding Beauty Around. B．Walking in Changes. C．Going Deep into Nature. D．Turning Old Street New. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了如何通过新的视角重新发现身边熟悉地方的美 【详解】52．细节理解题。根据“In fact, what you need to do is to explore (探索) with fresh eyes.”可知，人们需要用新鲜的眼光去了解熟悉的地方才能感受到美。故选D。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Where will you suggest visitors go if they come to Changchun? You can find some good places by answering it. A good option is a museum of cars...”可知，作者建议以导游的身份思考推荐游客去的地方，汽车博物馆是一个好的选择，因此“option”意为“选择”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“To find changes in your city, you can look up some information online...Many drama festivals, street art shows and fairs of cultural products are held.”可知，人们可以在网上获取关于街头艺术表演的信息。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。文章第一段提出主题——用新的视角发现身边的美；第二至四段分别通过想象、查找信息和亲身经历三个具体方法展开论述；第五段总结全文，强调通过不同视角探索城市能让人更加热爱生活的地方。选项C与文章结构相符。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。文章围绕“如何发现身边熟悉地方的美”展开，强调通过探索和新的视角感受城市之美。选项A“Finding Beauty Around”（发现身边的美）最能概括文章主旨。故选A。 （2025年山东省临沂市中考英语真题） Nowadays, there are many great inventions around us. They make our lives better in amazing ways. One of them is called “Tianmouc”—the world’s first smart chip (芯片) that works like our eyes and brains. A team from Tsinghua University made it! Tianmouc gets an idea by how our human eyes and brains work together. First, our eyes see things around us. Then, our brains understand them. Tianmouc does something similar! It uses special sensors (传感器) to break down what it sees into tiny parts. Then, Tianmouc puts them together in two ways. One is by seeing colors and details clearly as if we read a book. The other is by reacting (回应) to sudden changes quickly, just like we catch a ball. Tianmouc is really powerful. It can do things that traditional chips can’t. For example, it’s able to collect what it sees at a very high speed of 10,000 frames (帧) per second. In some ways, it sees things more exactly than our eyes. The chip can work well in different light conditions—no matter how bright or dark the light is. All of these are achieved with very little power or energy. Tianmouc has a big influence on our daily life. For self-driving cars, they need to “see” the road clearly and react quickly to any danger. Tianmouc can notice sudden changes quickly, like a child running across the road or a car suddenly cutting in. For the cameras, they will react faster by catching any unusual movement in the future. Inventions like Tianmouc show how creative the humans can be! They are making our lives more convenient and safer. Who knows what amazing inventions we’ll see next? 1．What do we know about “Tianmouc”? A．It’s a new type of cameras that can react faster. B．It’s a special sensor for self-driving cars to see and react quickly. C．It’s the world’s first smart chip working like human eyes and brains. 2．From Paragraph 2, we know ______. A．how Tianmouc works B．how Tianmouc helps us C．what makes Tianmouc special 3．What does the writer mean by asking “Who knows what amazing inventions we’ll see next?”? A．The writer doubts if there will be new inventions. B．The writer believes more amazing inventions will appear. C．The writer thinks inventions will mainly make cars faster. 4．Where is the passage probably from? A．A travel ad. B．A health guide. C．A science magazine. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了“天眸芯”这项发明。 1．细节理解题。根据“One of them is called ‘Tianmouc’—the world’s first smart chip (芯片) that works like our eyes and brains. A team from Tsinghua University made it!”可知，天眸芯是世界上首款能像我们的眼睛和大脑一样工作的智能芯片。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“Tianmouc gets an idea by how our human eyes and brains work together.”并结合全段内容可知，第二段介绍了天眸芯是如何运作的。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Inventions like Tianmouc show how creative the humans can be! They are making our lives more convenient and safer. Who knows what amazing inventions we’ll see next?”可推知，作者相信将会出现更多惊人的发明。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了“天眸芯”这项发明。故可推知，本文可能来自于科学杂志。故选C。 （2025年山东省临沂市中考英语真题）The Taklimakan Desert is the largest desert in China. It is about 337,600 square kilometers in the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang. The dry environment makes it difficult for life there. Sandstorms often happen, and the moving sand seriously influences the lives of local people and the natural environment in this area. However, the Chinese government and people have been making much effort to control the desert. Here are some of scientific and effective ways they have used. One of the main ways is to build a tree belt (带) around the desert. By the end of 2023, a 2,761-kilometer-long green belt had already been built around it. In 2024, the last part of the belt, 285 kilometers, was finished. It’s about 3,046 kilometers in total. The belt lies as a strong wall against the spread of the desert. Biological ways are also widely used. For example, people grow special plants that can grow well with little water, like huyang, suosuo, shabang and so on. These plants hold the sand and reduce sandstorms. At the same time, they can also bring certain economic (经济的) benefits to local people. And the method of using solar power generation (太阳能发电) has been used too. By building greenhouses, people can grow vegetables and fruits. In this way, they can make full use of the land and light in the desert area. Great changes have already taken place. The natural environment around the desert has been improved greatly. The local economy has also been developed rapidly. The success in the control of this desert shows: as long as we have a strong will and use scientific methods, we can protect the environment and build a better future for both people and nature. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By listing facts. B．By giving examples. C．By answering questions. 2．What does the underlined word “effective” probably mean in Paragraph 1? A．Expensive. B．Simple. C．Useful. 3．Why do people grow special plants in the desert? A．To make the desert more beautiful. B．To prevent sandstorms and get economic benefits. C．To provide food for animals and make more money. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (P= Paragraph) A． B． C． 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了塔克拉玛干沙漠的基本情况，并详细介绍了中国政府和人民为控制沙漠的扩张而所采用的一些科学且有效的方法。 【详解】61．推理判断题。根据“The Taklimakan Desert is the largest desert in China. It is about 337,600 square kilometers in the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang. The dry environment makes it difficult for life there. Sandstorms often happen,”可知，作者通过列举塔克拉玛干沙漠的面积、环境状况等事实来开篇。故选A。 1．词义猜测题。根据“However, the Chinese government and people have been making much effort to control the desert. Here are some of scientific and effective ways they have used.”可知，中国政府和人民一直在努力控制沙漠，文章介绍了一些科学有效的方法。因此“effective”表示“有效的”，与“useful”语义相近。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“For example, people grow special plants that can grow well with little water, like huyang, suosuo, shabang and so on. These plants hold the sand and reduce sandstorms. At the same time, they can also bring certain economic (经济的) benefits to local people.”可知，人们在沙漠中种植特殊的植物可以固定沙子并减少沙尘暴，并获得一定的经济效益。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。文章第一段引出中国政府和人民努力治理塔克拉玛干沙漠并提到一些科学有效的方法；第二、三、四段分别介绍了这些方法；第五段总结治理取得的成就。因此文章的结构是“总—分—总”。故选B。 （2025年广东省中考英语真题）Everyone knows that forests help fight climate change. However, a recent scientific report shows that the world lost 300,000 square kilometers of forests in 2024. That’s an area about the size of Italy. According to the report, for the first time ever, fires were the biggest cause of forest loss. ▲ . This country has the largest area of rainforest in the world. Last year, it suffered from a long period of dry weather. Wildfires broke out and spread. As a result, about 25,000 square kilometers of the primary rainforest disappeared in the country. This meant fires caused 66% of its forest loss. The second biggest cause of the world’s forest loss was clearing land for farming. As people need more farmland, they keep cutting down forests every year. In 2024, the area of forest cleared for farming increased by 14% worldwide. The situation was more severe $ 专题16 阅读理解 说明文 答案版 考点2026中考真题 1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．D 10．C 11．D 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．B 16．B 17．C 18．A 19．D 20．A 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．B 25．A 26．C 27．B 28．C 29．C 30．A 31．C 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．D 36．D 37．B 38．C 39．A 40．D 41．A 42．D 43．B 44．A 45．C 46．A 47．D 48．B 49．D 50．C 51．A 52．A 53．B 54．C 55．C 56．D 57．B 58．A 59．D 60．B 61．C 62．A 63．B 64．A 65．A 66．A 67．C 68．B 69．B 70．C 71．B 72．B 73．C 74．A 75．C 76．B 77．C 78．A 考点2025中考真题 1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．C 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．A 10．B 11．B 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．C 16．D 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．D 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．C 25．B 26．A 27．D 28．D 29．C 30．C 31．B 32．C 33．B 34．A 35．A 36．A 37．D 38．B 39．D 40．D 41．C 42．B 43．A 44．B 45．C 46．A 47．A 48．D 49．A 50．B 51．B 52．D 53．C 54．B 55．C 56．A 57．C 58．A 59．B 60．C 61．A 62．C 63．B 64．B 65．D 66．B 67．A 68．C 69．D 70．B 71．A 72．C 73．A 考点2024中考真题 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【来源】2024年江苏省南京市中考英语真题 5．A 6．C 7．D 【来源】2024年江苏省南京市中考英语真题 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．D 【来源】2024年山东省济南市中考英语真题 13．A 14．C 15．A 16．D 【来源】2024年浙江省中考英语真题 17．D 18．B 19．A 20．C 【来源】2024年浙江省中考英语真题 21．C 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．A 【来源】2024年海南省中考英语真题 26．D 27．A 28．C 【来源】2024年江苏省淮安市中考英语真题 29．C 30．D 31．B 32．A 【来源】2024年广东省广州市中考英语真题 33．A 34．C 35．C 【来源】2024年广东省广州市中考英语真题 36．D 37．A 38．A 【来源】2024年北京市中考英语真题 39．D 40．B 41．D 42．C 【来源】2024年宁夏中考英语真题 43．A 44．C 45．C 46．B 47．C 【来源】2024年广东省深圳市中考英语真题 48．C 49．A 50．A 51．B 【来源】2024年贵州省中考英语真题（其他市、州卷） 52．C 53．D 54．C 55．B 56．C 【来源】2024年河南省中考英语真题 57．B 58．C 59．A 60．C 61．B 【来源】2024年福建省中考英语真题 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $